P Pack Pack (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Packed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Packing.] [Akin to D. pakken, G. packen, Dan. pakke, Sw. packa, Icel. pakka. See Pack, n.] 1. To make a pack of; to arrange closely and securely in a pack; hence, to place and arrange compactly as in a pack; to press into close order or narrow compass; as to pack goods in a box; to pack fish. Strange materials packed up with wonderful art. Addison. Where . . . the bones Of all my buried ancestors are packed. Shak. 2. To fill in the manner of a pack, that is, compactly and securely, as for transportation; hence, to fill closely or to repletion; to stow away within; to cause to be full; to crowd into; as, to pack a trunk; the play, or the audience, packs the theater. 3. To sort and arrange (the cards) in a pack so as to secure the game unfairly. And mighty dukes pack cards for half a crown. Pope. 4. Hence: To bring together or make up unfairly and fraudulently, in order to secure a certain result; as, to pack a jury or a causes. The expected council was dwindling into . . . a packed assembly of Italian bishops. Atterbury. 5. To contrive unfairly or fraudulently; to plot. [Obs.] He lost life . . . upon a nice point subtilely devised and packed by his enemies. Fuller. 6. To load with a pack; hence, to load; to encumber; as, to pack a horse. Our thighs packed with wax, our mouths with honey. Shack. 7. To cause to go; to send away with baggage or belongings; esp., to send away peremptorily or suddenly; -- sometimes with off; as, to pack a boy off to school. He . . . must not die Till George be packed with post horse up to heaven. Shak. 8. To transport in a pack, or in the manner of a pack (i. e., on the backs of men or beasts). [Western U.S.] 9. (Hydropathy) To envelop in a wet or dry sheet, within numerous coverings. See Pack, n., 5. 10. (Mech.) To render impervious, as by filling or surrounding with suitable material, or to fit or adjust so as to move without giving passage to air, water, or steam; as, to pack a joint; to pack the piston of a steam engine. Pack Pack, v. i. 1. To make up packs, bales, or bundles; to stow articles securely for transportation. 2. To admit of stowage, or of making up for transportation or storage; to become compressed or to settle together, so as to form a compact mass; as, the goods pack conveniently; wet snow packs well. 3. To gather in flocks or schools; as, the grouse or the perch begin to pack. [Eng.] 4. To depart in haste; -- generally with off or away. Poor Stella must pack off to town Swift. You shall pack, And never more darken my doors again. Tennyson. 5. To unite in bad measures; to confederate for ill purposes; to join in collusion. [Obs.] "Go pack with him." Shak. To send packing, to drive away; to send off roughly or in disgrace; to dismiss unceremoniously. "The parliament . . . presently sent him packing. South. Package Pack"age (?), n. 1. Act or process of packing. 2. A bundle made up for transportation; a packet; a bale; a parcel; as, a package of goods. 3. A charge made for packing goods. 4. A duty formerly charged in the port of London on goods imported or exported by aliens, or by denizens who were the sons of aliens. Packer Pack"er (?), n. A person whose business is to pack things; especially, one who packs food for preservation; as, a pork packer. Packet Pack"et (?), n. [F. paquet, dim. fr. LL. paccus, from the same source as E. pack. See Pack.] 1. A small pack or package; a little bundle or parcel; as, a packet of letters. Shak. 2. Originally, a vessel employed by government to convey dispatches or mails; hence, a vessel employed in conveying dispatches, mails, passengers, and goods, and having fixed days of sailing; a mail boat. Packet boat, ship, OR vessel. See Packet, n., 2. -- Packet day, the day for mailing letters to go by packet; or the sailing day. -- Packet note OR post. See under Paper. Packet Pack"et, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Packeted; p. pr. & vb. n. Packeting.] 1. To make up into a packet or bundle. 2. To send in a packet or dispatch vessel. Her husband Was packeted to France. Ford. Packet Pack"et, v. i. To ply with a packet or dispatch boat. Packfong Pack"fong` (?), n. [Chin. peh tung.] (Metal.) A Chinese alloy of nickel, zinc, and copper, resembling German silver. Pack herse Pack herse. See under 2d Pack. Packhouse Pack"house` (?), n. Warehouse for storing goods. Packing Pack"ing, n. 1. The act or process of one who packs. 2. Any material used to pack, fill up, or make close. Specifically (Mach.): A substance or piece used to make a joint impervious; as: (a) A thin layer, or sheet, of yielding or elastic material inserted between the surfaces of a flange joint. (b) The substance in a stuffing box, through which a piston rod slides. (c) A yielding ring, as of metal, which surrounds a piston and maintains a tight fit, as inside a cylinder, etc. 3. (Masonry) Same as Filling. [Rare in the U. S.] 4. A trick; collusion. [Obs.] Bale. Cherd packing (Bridge Building), the arrangement, side by side, of several parts, as bars, diagonals, a post, etc., on a pin at the bottom of a chord. Waddell. -- Packing box, a stuffing box. See under Stuffing. -- Packing press, a powerful press for baling cotton, wool, hay, etc. -- Packing ring. See Packing, 2 (c), and Illust. of Piston. -- Packing sheet. (a) A large cloth for packing goods. (b) A sheet prepared for packing hydropathic patients. Packman Pack"man (?), n.; pl. Packmen (. One who bears a pack; a peddler. Pack saddle, Pack thread Pack saddle, Pack thread. See under 2d Pack. Packwax Pack"wax` (?), n. (Anat.) Same as Paxwax. Packway Pack"way` (?), n. A path, as over mountains, followed by pack animals. Paco, Pacos Pa"co (?), Pa"cos (?), n. [Sp. paco, fr. Peruv. paco. Cf. Alpaca.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Alpaca. 2. [Peruv. paco, pacu, red, reddish, reddish ore containing silver; perh. a different word.] (Min.) An earthy-looking ore, consisting of brown oxide of iron with minute particles of native silver. Ure. Pact Pact (?), n. [L. pactum, fr. paciscere to make a bargain or contract, fr. pacere to settle, or agree upon; cf. pangere to fasten, Gr. p\'beca bond, and E. fang: cf. F. pacie. Cf. Peace, Fadge, v.] An agreement; a league; a compact; a covenant. Bacon. The engagement and pact of society whish goes by the name of the constitution. Burke. Paction Pac"tion (?), n. [L. pactio: cf. F. paction. See Pact.] An agreement; a compact; a bargain. [R.] Sir W. Scott. Pactional Pac"tion*al (?), a. Of the nature of, or by means of, a paction. Bp. Sanderson. Pactitious Pac*ti"tious (?), a. [L. pactitius, pacticius.] Setted by a pact, or agreement. [R.] Johnson. Pactolian Pac*to"li*an (?), a. Pertaining to the Pactolus, a river in ancient Lydia famous for its golden sands. Pacu Pa"cu (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A South American freah-water fish (Myleies pacu), of the family Characinid\'91. It is highly esteemed as food. Pad Pad (?), n. [D. pad. &root;21. See Path.] 1. A footpath; a road. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] 2. An easy-paced horse; a padnag. Addison An abbot on an ambling pad. Tennyson. 3. A robber that infests the road on foot; a highwayman; -- usually called a footpad. Gay. Byron. 4. The act of robbing on the highway. [Obs.] Pad Pad, v. t. To travel upon foot; to tread. [Obs.] Padding the streets for half a crown. Somerville. Pad Pad, v. i. 1. To travel heavily or slowly. Bunyan. 2. To rob on foot. [Obs.] Cotton Mather. 3. To wear a path by walking. [Prov. Eng.] Pad Pad, n. [Perh. akin to pod.] 1. A soft, or small, cushion; a mass of anything soft; stuffing. 2. A kind of cushion for writing upon, or for blotting; esp., one formed of many flat sheets of writing paper, or layers of blotting paper; a block of paper. 3. A cushion used as a saddle without a tree or frame. 4. A stuffed guard or protection; esp., one worn on the legs of horses to prevent bruising. 5. (Zo\'94l.) A cushionlike thickening of the skin one the under side of the toes of animals. 6. A floating leaf of a water lily or similar plant. 7. (Med.) A soft bag or cushion to relieve pressure, support a part, etc. 8. (Naut.) A piece of timber fixed on a beam to fit the curve of the deck. W. C. Russel. 9. A measure for fish; as, sixty mackerel go to a pad; a basket of soles. [Eng.] Simmonds. Pad cloth, a saddlecloth; a housing. -- Pad saddle. See def. 3, above. -- Pad tree (Harness Making), a piece of wood or metal which gives rigidity and shape to a harness pad. Knight. Pad Pad, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Padded; p. pr. & vb. n. Padding.] 1. To stuff; to furnish with a pad or padding. 2. (Calico Printing) To imbue uniformly with a mordant; as, to pad cloth. Ure. Padar Pad"ar (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] Groats; coarse flour or meal. [Obs.] Sir. H. Wotton. Padder Pad"der (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, pads. 2. A highwayman; a footpad. [Obs.] Padding Pad"ding, n. 1. The act or process of making a pad or of inserting stuffing. 2. The material with which anything is padded. 3. Material of inferior value, serving to extend a book, essay, etc. London Sat. Rev. 4. (Calico Printing) The uniform impregnation of cloth with a mordant. Paddle Pad"dle (?), v. i. [Prob. for pattle, and a dim. of pat, v.; cf. also E. pad to tread, Prov. G. paddeln, padden, to walk with short steps, to paddle, G. patschen to splash, dash, dabble, F. patouiller to dabble, splash, fr. patte a paw. 1. To use the hands or fingers in toying; to make caressing strokes. [Obs.] Shak. 2. To dabble in water with hands or feet; to use a paddle, or something which serves as a paddle, in swimming, in paddling a boat, etc. As the men were paddling for their lives. L'Estrange. While paddling ducks the standing lake desire. Gay. Paddle Pad"dle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paddled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paddling (?)] 1. To pat or stroke amorously, or gently. To be paddling palms and pinching fingers. Shak. 2. To propel with, or as with, a paddle or paddles. 3. To pad; to tread upon; to trample. [Prov. Eng.] Paddle Pad"dle, n. [See Paddle, v. i.] 1. An implement with a broad blade, which is used without a fixed fulcrum in propelling and steering canoes and boats. 2. The broad part of a paddle, with which the stroke is made; hence, any short, broad blade, resembling that of a paddle. Thou shalt have a paddle upon thy weapon. Deut. xxiii. 13. 3. One of the broad boards, or floats, at the circumference of a water wheel, or paddle wheel. 4. A small gate in sluices or lock gates to admit or let off water; -- also called clough. 5. (Zo\'94l.) A paddle-shaped foot, as of the sea turtle. 6. A paddle-shaped implement for string or mixing. 7. [In this sense prob. for older spaddle, a dim. of spade.] See Paddle staff (b), below. [Prov. Eng.] Paddle beam (Shipbuilding), one of two large timbers supporting the spring beam and paddle box of a steam vessel. -- Paddle board. See Paddle, n., 3. -- Paddle box, the structure inclosing the upper part of the paddle wheel of a steam vessel. -- Paddle shaft, the revolving shaft which carries the paddle wheel of a steam vessel. -- Paddle staff. (a) A staff tipped with a broad blade, used by mole catchers. [Prov. Eng.] (b) A long-handled spade used to clean a plowshare; -- called also plow staff. [Prov. Eng.] -- Paddle steamer, a steam vessel propelled by paddle wheels, in distinction from a screw propeller. -- Paddle wheel, the propelling wheel of a steam vessel, having paddles (or floats) on its circumference, and revolving in a vertical plane parallel to the vessel's length. Paddlecock Pad"dle*cock` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The lumpfish. [Prov. Eng.] Paddlefish Pad"dle*fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l) A large ganoid fish (Polyodon spathula) found in the rivers of the Mississippi Valley. It has a long spatula-shaped snout. Called also duck-billed cat, and spoonbill sturgeon. Padder Pad"der (?), n. One who, or that which, paddles. Paddlewood Pad"dle*wood` (?), n. (Bot.) The light elastic wood of the Aspidosperma excelsum, a tree of Guiana having a fluted trunk readily split into planks. Paddock Pad"dock (?), n. [OE. padde toad, frog + -ock; akin to D. pad, padde, toad, Icel. & Sw. padda, Dan. padde.] (Zo\'94l.) A toad or frog. Wyclif. "Loathed paddocks." Spenser Paddock pipe (Bot.), a hollow-stemmed plant of the genus Equisetum, especially E. limosum and the fruiting stems of E. arvense; -- called also padow pipe and toad pipe. See Equisetum. -- Paddock stone. See Toadstone. -- Paddock stool (Bot.),a toadstool. Paddock Pad"dock, n. [Corrupted fr. parrock. See Parrock.] 1. A small inclosure or park for sporting. [Obs.] 2. A small inclosure for pasture; esp., one adjoining a stable. Evelyn. Cowper. Paddy Pad"dy (?), a. [Prov. E. paddy worm-eaten.] Low; mean; boorish; vagabond. "Such pady persons." Digges (1585). "The paddy persons." Motley. Paddy Pad"dy, n.; pl. Paddies (#). [Corrupted fr. St. Patrick, the tutelar saint of Ireland.] A jocose or contemptuous name for an Irishman. Paddy Pad"dy, n. [Either fr. Canarese bhatta or Malay p\'bed\'c6.] (Bot.) Unhusked rice; -- commonly so called in the East Indies. Paddy bird. (Zo\'94l.) See Java sparrow, under Java. Padelion Pad`e*li"on (?), n. [F. pas de lionon's foot.] (Bot.) A plant with pedately lobed leaves; the lady's mantle. Padella Pa*del"la (?), n. [It., prop., a pan, a friing pan, fr. L. patella a pan.] A large cup or deep saucer, containing fatty matter in which a wick is placed, -- used for public illuminations, as at St. Peter's, in Rome. Called also padelle. Pademelon Pad`e*mel"on (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Wallaby. Padesoy Pad"e*soy` (?), n. See Paduasoy. Padge Padge, n. (Zo\'94l.) The barn owl; -- called also pudge, and pudge owl. [Prov. Eng.] Padishah Pa`di*shah" (?), n. [Per. p\'bedish\'beh. Cf. Pasha.] Chief ruler; monarch; sovereign; -- a title of the Sultan of Turkey, and of the Shah of Persia. Padlock Pad"lock` (?), n. [Perh. orig., a lock for a pad gate, or a gate opening to a path, or perh., a lock for a basket or pannier, and from Prov. E. pad a pannier. Cf. Pad a path, Paddler.] 1. A portable lock with a bow which is usually jointed or pivoted at one end so that it can be opened, the other end being fastened by the bolt, -- used for fastening by passing the bow through a staple over a hasp or through the links of a chain, etc. 2. Fig.: A curb; a restraint. Padlock Pad"lock`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Padlocked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Padlocking.] To fasten with, or as with, a padlock; to stop; to shut; to confine as by a padlock. Milton. Tennyson. Padnag Pad"nag` (?), n. [lst pad + nag.] An ambling nag. "An easy padnag." Macaulay. Padow Pad"ow (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A paddock, or toad. Padow pipe. (Bot.) See Paddock pipe, under Paddock. Padrone Pa*dro"ne (?), n.; pl. It. Padroni (#), E. Padrones. [It. See Patron.] 1. A patron; a protector. 2. The master of a small coaster in the Mediterranean. 3. A man who imports, and controls the earnings of, Italian laborers, street musicians, etc. Paduasoy Pad`u*a*soy" (?), n. [From Padua, in Italy + F. soie silk; or cf. F. pou-de-soie.] A rich and heavy silk stuff. [Written also padesoy.] Paducahs Pa*du"cahs (?), n. pl.; sing. Paducah (. (Ethnol.) See Comanches. P\'91an P\'91"an (?), n. [L. paean, Gr. P\'91on, Peony.] [Written also pean.] 1. An ancient Greek hymn in honor of Apollo as a healing deity, and, later, a song addressed to other deities. 2. Any loud and joyous song; a song of triumph. Dryden. "Public p\'91ans of congratulation." De Quincey. 3. See P\'91on. P\'91dobaptism P\'91`do*bap"tism (?), n. Pedobaptism. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1030 P\'91dogenesis P\'91`do*gen"esis (?), n. [Gr. , , child + E. genesis.] (Zo\'94l.) Reproduction by young or larval animals. P\'91dogenetic P\'91`do*ge*net"ic (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Producing young while in the immature or larval state; -- said of certain insects, etc. P\'91on P\'91"on (?), n. [L. paeon, Gr. a solemn song, also, a p\'91on, equiv. to P\'91an.] (Anc. Poet.) A foot of four syllables, one long and three short, admitting of four combinations, according to the place of the long syllable. [Written also, less correctly, p\'91an.] P\'91onine P\'91"o*nine (?), n. (Chem.) An artifical red nitrogenous dyestuff, called also red coralline. P\'91ony P\'91"o*ny (?), n. (Bot.) See Peony. Pagan Pa"gan (?), n. [L. paganus a countryman, peasant, villager, a pagan, fr. paganus of or pertaining to the country, rustic, also, pagan, fr. pagus a district, canton, the country, perh. orig., a district with fixed boundaries: cf. pangere to fasten. Cf. Painim, Peasant, and Pact, also Heathen.] One who worships false goods; an idolater; a heathen; one who is neither a Christian, a Mohammedan, nor a Jew. Neither having the accent of Christians, nor the gait of Christian, pagan, nor man. Shak. Syn. -- Gentile; heathen; idolater. -- Pagan, Gentile, Heathen. Gentile was applied to the other nations of the earth as distinguished from the Jews. Pagan was the name given to idolaters in the early Christian church, because the villagers, being most remote from the centers of instruction, remained for a long time unconverted. Heathen has the same origin. Pagan is now more properly applied to rude and uncivilized idolaters, while heathen embraces all who practice idolatry. Pagan Pa"gan, a. [L. paganus of or pertaining to the country, pagan. See Pagan, n.] Of or pertaining to pagans; relating to the worship or the worshipers of false goods; heathen; idolatrous, as, pagan tribes or superstitions. And all the rites of pagan honor paid. Dryden. Pagandom Pa"gan*dom (?), n. The pagan lands; pagans, collectively; paganism. [R.] Paganic, Paganical Pa*gan"ic (?), Pa*gan"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to pagans or paganism; heathenish; paganish. [R.] "The paganic fables of the goods." Cudworth. -- Pa*gan"ic*al*ly, adv. [R.] Paganish Pa"gan*ish (?), a. Of or pertaining to pagans; heathenish. "The old paganish idolatry." Sharp Paganism Pa"gan*ism (?), n. [L. paganismus: cf. F. paganisme. See Pagan, and cf. Painim.] The state of being pagan; pagan characteristics; esp., the worship of idols or false gods, or the system of religious opinions and worship maintained by pagans; heathenism. Paganity Pa*gan"i*ty (?), n. [L. Paganitas.] The state of being a pagan; paganism. [R.] Cudworth. Paganize Pa"gan*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paganized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paganizing (?).] To render pagan or heathenish; to convert to paganism. Hallywell. Paganize Pa"gan*ize, v. i. To behave like pagans. Milton. Paganly Pa"gan*ly, adv. In a pagan manner. Dr. H. More. Page Page (?), n. [F., fr. It. paggio, LL. pagius, fr. Gr. puer. Cf. Pedagogue, Puerile.] 1. A serving boy; formerly, a youth attending a person of high degree, especially at courts, as a position of honor and education; now commonly, in England, a youth employed for doin errands, waiting on the door, and similar service in households; in the United States, a boy emploed to wait upon the members of a legislative body. He had two pages of honor -- on either hand one. Bacon. 2. A boy child. [Obs.] Chaucer. 3. A contrivance, as a band, pin, snap, or the like, to hold the skirt of a woman's dress from the ground. 4. (Brickmaking.) A track along which pallets carrying newly molded bricks are conveyed to the hack. 5. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of beautiful South American moths of the genus Urania. Page Page, v. t. To attend (one) as a page. [Obs.] Shak. Page Page, n. [F., fr. L. pagina; prob. akin to pagere, pangere, to fasten, fix, make, the pages or leaves being fastened together. Cf. Pact, Pageant, Pagination.] 1. One side of a leaf of a book or manuscript. Such was the book from whose pages she sang. Longfellow. 2. Fig.: A record; a writing; as, the page of history. 3. (Print.) The type set up for printing a page. Page Page, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paging (?).] To mark or number the pages of, as a book or manuskript; to furnish with folios. Pageant Pag"eant (?), n. [OE. pagent, pagen, originally, a movable scaffold or stage, hence, what was exhibited on it, fr. LL. pagina, akin to pangere to fasten; cf. L. pagina page, leaf, slab, compaginare to join together, compages a joining together, structure. See Pact, Page of a book.] 1. A theatrical exhibition; a spectacle. "A pageant truly played." Shak. To see sad pageants of men's miseries. Spenser. 2. An elaborate exhibition devised for the entertainmeut of a distinguished personage, or of the public; a show, spectacle, or display. The gaze of fools, and pageant of a day ! Pope. We love the man, the paltry pageant you. Cowper. Pageant Pag"eant, a. Of the nature of a pageant; spectacular. "Pageant pomp." Dryden. Pageant Pag"eant, v. t. To exhibit in show; to represent; to mimic. [R.] "He pageants us." Shak. Pageantry Pag"eant*ry (?), n. Scenic shows or spectacles, taken collectivelly; spectacular guality; splendor. Such pageantry be to the people shown. Dryden. The pageantry of festival. J. A. Symonds. Syn. -- Pomp; parade; show; display; spectacle. Pagehood Page"hood (?), n. The state of being a page. Pagina Pag"i*na (?), n.; pl. Pagin\'91 (#). [L.] (Bot.) The surface of a leaf or of a flattened thallus. Paginal Pag"i*nal (?), a. [L. paginalis.] Consisting of pages. "Paginal books." Sir T. Browne. Pagination Pag`i*na"tion (?), n. The act or process of paging a book; also, the characters used in numbering the pages; page number. Lowndes. Paging Pa"ging (?), n. The marking or numbering of the pages of a book. Pagod Pa"god (?), n. [Cf. F. pagode. See Pagoda.] 1. A pagoda. [R.] "Or some queer pagod." Pope. 2. An idol. [Obs.] Bp. Stillingfleet. Pagoda Pa*go"da (?), n. [Pg. pagoda, pagode, fr.Hind. & Per. but-kadah a house of idols, or abode of God; Per. but an idol + kadah a house, a temple.] 1. A term by which Europeans designate religious temples and tower-like buildings of the Hindoos and Buddhists of India, Farther India, China, and Japan, -- usually but not always, devoted to idol worship. 2. An idol. [R.] Brande & C. 3. [Prob. so named from the image of a pagoda or a deity (cf. Skr. bhagavat holy, divine) stamped on it.] A gold or silver coin, of various kinds and values, formerly current in India. The Madras gold pagoda was worth about three and a half rupees. Pagodite Pa*go"dite (?), n. (Min.) Agalmatolite; -- so called because sometimes carved by the Chinese into the form of pagodas. See Agalmatolite. Paguma Pa*gu"ma (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of East Indian viverrine mammals of the genus Paguma. They resemble a weasel in form. Pagurian Pa*gu"ri*an (?), n. [L. pagurus a kind of crab, Gr. .] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of a tribe of anomuran crustaceans, of which Pagurus is a type; the hermit crab. See Hermit crab, under Hermit. Pah Pah (?), interj. An exclamation expressing disgust or contempt. See Bah. Fie! fie! fie! pah! pah! Give me an ounce of civet, good apothecary, to sweeten my imagination. Shak. Pah Pah (?), n. [From native name.] A kind of stockaded intrenchment. [New Zealand.] Farrow. Pahi Pa"hi (?), n. (Naut.) A large war canoe of the Society Islands. Pahlevi Pah"le*vi (?), n. Same as Pehlevi. Pahoehoe Pa*ho"e*ho`e (?), n. (Min.) A name given in the Sandwich Islands to lava having a relatively smooth surface, in distinction from the rough-surfaced lava, called a-a.<-- Sandwich islands = Hawaii --> PahUtes Pah"*Utes` (?), n. pl. (Ethnol.) See Utes. Paid Paid (?), imp., p. p., & a. of Pay. 1. Receiving pay; compensated; hired; as, a paid attorney. 2. Satisfied; contented. [Obs.] "Paid of his poverty." Chaucer. Paideutics Pai*deu"tics (?), n. [Gr. , fr. to teach, fr. ,, a boy.] The science or art of teaching. Paien Pai"en (?), n. & a. Pagan. [Obs.] Chaucer. Paigle Pai"gle (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Bot.) A species of Primula, either the cowslip or the primrose. [Written also pagle, pagil, peagle, and pygil.] Paijama Pai*ja"ma (?), n. Pyjama. Pail Pail (?), n. [OE. paile, AS. p\'91gel a wine vessel, a pail, akin to D. & G. pegel a watermark, a gauge rod, a measure of wine, Dan. p\'91gel half a pint.] A vessel of wood or tin, etc., usually cylindrical and having a bail, -- used esp. for carrying liquids, as water or milk, etc.; a bucket. It may, or may not, have a cover. Shak. Pailful Pail"ful (?), n.; pl. Pailfuls (. The quantity that a pail will hold. "By pailfuls." Shak. Paillasse Pail*lasse" (?; F. , n. [F., fr. paille straw. See Pallet a bed.] An under bed or mattress of straw. [Written also palliasse.] Pailmall Pail`mall" (?), n. & a. See Pall-mall. [Obs.] Pain Pain (?), n. [OE. peine, F. peine, fr. L. poena, penalty, punishment, torment, pain; akin to Gr. penalty. Cf. Penal, Pine to languish, Punish.] 1. Punishment suffered or denounced; suffering or evil inflicted as a punishment for crime, or connected with the commission of a crime; penalty. Chaucer. We will, by way of mulct or pain, lay it upon him. Bacon. Interpose, on pain of my displeasure. Dryden. None shall presume to fly, under pain of death. Addison. 2. Any uneasy sensation in animal bodies, from slight uneasiness to extreme distress or torture, proceeding from a derangement of functions, disease, or injury by violence; bodily distress; bodily suffering; an ache; a smart. "The pain of Jesus Christ." Chaucer. NOTE: &hand; Pa in ma y occur in any part of the body where sensory nerves are distributed, and it is always due to some kind of stimulation of them. The sensation is generally referred to the peripheral end of the nerve. 3. pl. Specifically, the throes or travail of childbirth. She bowed herself and travailed, for her pains came upon her. 1 Sam. iv. 19. 4. Uneasiness of mind; mental distress; disquietude; anxiety; grief; solicitude; anguish. Chaucer. In rapture as in pain. Keble. 5. See Pains, labor, effort. Bill of pains and penalties. See under Bill. -- To die in the pain, to be tortured to death. [Obs.] Chaucer. Pain Pain, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pained (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paining.] [OE. peinen, OF. pener, F. peiner to fatigue. See Pain, n.] 1. To inflict suffering upon as a penalty; to punish. [Obs.] Wyclif (Acts xxii. 5). 2. To put to bodily uneasiness or anguish; to afflict with uneasy sensations of any degree of intensity; to torment; to torture; as, his dinner or his wound pained him; his stomach pained him. Excess of cold, as well as heat, pains us. Lock 3. To render uneasy in mind; to disquiet; to distress; to grieve; as a child's faults pain his parents. I am pained at mJer. iv. 19. To pain one's self, to exert or trouble one's self; to take pains; to be solicitous. [Obs.] "She pained her to do all that she might." Chaucer. Syn. -- To disquiet; trouble; afflict; grieve; aggrieve; distress; agonize; torment; torture. Painable Pain"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. p\'82nible.] Causing pain; painful. [Obs.] The manacles of Astyages were not . . . the less weighty and painable for being composed of gold or silver. Evelyn. Painful Pain"ful (?), a. 1. Full of pain; causing uneasiness or distress, either physical or mental; afflictive; disquieting; distressing Addison. 2. Requiring labor or toil; difficult; executed with laborious effort; as a painful service; a painful march. 3. Painstaking; careful; industrious. [Obs.] Fuller. A very painful person, and a great clerk. Jer. Taylor. Nor must the painful husbandman be tired. Dryden. Syn. -- Disquieting; troublesome; afflictive; distressing; grievous; laborious; toilsome; difficult; arduous. -- Pain"ful*ly, adv. -- Pain"ful*ness, n. Painim Pai"nim (?), n.[OE. painime pagans, paganism, fr. OF. paienisme paganism, LL. paganismus. See Paganism, Pagan.] A pagan; an infidel; -- used also adjectively. [Written also panim and paynim.] Peacham. Painless Pain"less (?), a. Free from pain; without pain. -- Pain"less*ly, adv. -- Pain"less*ness, n. Pains Pains (?), n.Labor; toilsome effort; care or trouble taken; -- plural in form, but used with a singular or plural verb, commonly the former. And all my pains is sorted to no proof. Shak. The pains they had taken was very great. Clarendon. The labored earth your pains have sowed and tilled. Dryden. Painstaker Pains"tak`er (?), n. One who takes pains; one careful and faithful in all work. Gay. Painstaking Pains"tak`ing, a. Careful in doing; diligent; faithful; attentive. "Painstaking men." Harris. Painstaking Pains"tak`ing, n. The act of taking pains; carefulness and fidelity in performance. Beau. & Fl. Painsworthy Pains"wor`thy (?), a. Worth the pains o Paint Paint (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Painted; p. pr. & vb. n. Painting.] [OE. peinten, fr. F. peint, p. p. opeindre to paint, fr. L. pingere, pictum; cf. Gr. many-colored, Skr. pic to adorn. Cf. Depict, Picture, Pigment, Pint.] 1. To cover with coloring matter; to apply paint to; as, to paint a house, a signboard, etc. Jezebel painted her face and tired her head. 2 Kings ix. 30. 2. Fig.: To color, stain, or tinge; to adorn or beautify with colors; to diversify with colors. Not painted with the crimson spots of blood. Shak. Cuckoo buds of yellow hue Do paint the meadows with delight. Shak. 3. To form in colors a figure or likeness of on a flat surface, as upon canvas; to represent by means of colors or hues; to exhibit in a tinted image; to portray with paints; as, to paint a portrait or a landscape. 4. Fig.: To represent or exhibit to the mind; to describe vividly; to delineate; to image; to depict. Disloyal? The word is too good to paint out her wickedness. Shak. If folly grow romantic, I must paint it. Pope. Syn. -- To color; picture; depict; portray; delineate; sketch; draw; describe. Paint Paint, v. t. 1. To practice the art of painting; as, the artist paints well. 2. To color one's face by way of beautifying it. Let her paint an inch thick. Shak. Paint Paint, n. 1. (a) A pigment or coloring substance. (b) The same prepared with a vehicle, as oil, water with gum, or the like, for application to a surface. 2. A cosmetic; rouge. Praed. Painted Paint"ed, a. 1. Covered or adorned with paint; portrayed in colors. As idle as a painted ship Upon a painted ocean. Coleridge. 2. (Nat. Hist.) Marked with bright colors; as, the painted turtle; painted bunting. Painted beauty (Zo\'94l.), a handsome American butterfly (Vanessa Huntera), having a variety of bright colors, -- Painted cup (Bot.), any plant of an American genus of herbs (Castilleia) in which the bracts are usually bright-colored and more showy than the flowers. Castilleia coccinea has brilliantly scarlet bracts, and is common in meadows. -- Painted finch. See Nonpareil. -- Painted lady (Zo\'94l.), a bright-colored butterfly. See Thistle butterfly. -- Painted turtle (Zo\'94l.), a common American freshwater tortoise (Chrysemys picta), having bright red and yellow markings beneath. Painter Paint"er (?), n. [OE, pantere a noose, snare, F. panti\'8are, LL. panthera, L. panther a hunting net, fr. Gr. ; painteir a net, gin, snare, Gael. painntear.] (Naut.) A rope at the bow of a boat, used to fasten it to anything. Totten. Painter Paint"er, n. [Corrupt. of panther.] (Zo\'94l.) The panther, or puma. [A form representing an illiterate pronunciation, U. S.] J. F. Cooper. Painter Paint"er, n. [See lst Paint.] One whose occupation is to paint; esp.: (a) One who covers buildings, ships, ironwork, and the like, with paint. (b) An artist who represents objects or scenes in color on a flat surface, as canvas, plaster, or the like. Painter's colic. (Med.) See Lead colic, under Colic. -- Painter stainer. (a) A painter of coats of arms. Crabb. (b) A member of a livery company or guild in London, bearing this name. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1031 Painterly Paint"er*ly (?), a. Like a painter's work. [Obs.] "A painterly glose of a visage." Sir P. Sidney. Paintership Paint"er*ship, n. The state or position of being a painter. [R.] Br. Gardiner. Painting Paint"ing, n. 1. The act or employment of laying on, or adorning with, paints or colors. 2. (Fine Arts) The work of the painter; also, any work of art in which objects are represented in color on a flat surface; a colored representation of any object or scene; a picture. 3. Color laid on; paint. [R.] Shak. 4. A depicting by words; vivid representation in words. Syn. -- See Picture. Paintless Paint"less, a. Not capable of being painted or described. "In paintless patience." Savage. Painture Pain"ture (?), n. [F. peinture. See Paint, v. t., and cf. Picture.] The art of painting. [Obs.] Chaucer. Dryden. Painty Paint"y (?), a. Unskillfully painted, so that the painter's method of work is too obvious; also, having too much pigment applied to the surface. [Cant] Pair Pair (?), n. [F. paire, LL. paria, L. paria, pl. of par pair, fr. par, adj., equal. Cf. Apparel, Par equality, Peer an equal.] 1. A number of things resembling one another, or belonging together; a set; as, a pair or flight of stairs. "A pair of beads." Chaucer. Beau. & Fl. "Four pair of stairs." Macaulay. NOTE: [Now mostly or quite disused, except as to stairs.] Two crowns in my pocket, two pair of cards. Beau. & Fl. 2. Two things of a kind, similar in form, suited to each other, and intended to be used together; as, a pair of gloves or stockings; a pair of shoes. 3. Two of a sort; a span; a yoke; a couple; a brace; as, a pair of horses; a pair of oxen. 4. A married couple; a man and wife. "A happy pair." Dryden. "The hapless pair." Milton. 5. A single thing, composed of two pieces fitted to each other and used together; as, a pair of scissors; a pair of tongs; a pair of bellows. 6. Two members of opposite parties or opinion, as in a parliamentary body, who mutually agree not to vote on a given question, or on issues of a party nature during a specified time; as, there were two pairs on the final vote. [Parliamentary Cant] 7. (Kinematics) In a mechanism, two elements, or bodies, which are so applied to each other as to mutually constrain relative motion. NOTE: &hand; Pa irs are named in accordance with the kind of motion they permit; thus, a journal and its bearing form a turning pair, a cylinder and its piston a sliding pair, a screw and its nut a twisting pair, etc. Any pair in which the constraining contact is along lines or at points only (as a cam and roller acting together), is designated a higher pair; any pair having constraining surfaces which fit each other (as a cylindrical pin and eye, a screw and its nut, etc.), is called a lower pair. Pair royal (pl. Pairs Royal) three things of a sort; -- used especially of playing cards in some games, as cribbage; as three kings, three "eight spots" etc. Four of a kind are called a double pair royal. "Something in his face gave me as much pleasure as a pair royal of naturals in my own hand." Goldsmith. "That great pair royal of adamantine sisters [the Fates]." Quarles. [Written corruptly parial and prial.] Syn. -- Pair, Flight, Set. Originally, pair was not confined to two things, but was applied to any number of equal things (pares), that go together. Ben Jonson speaks of a pair (set) of chessmen; also, he and Lord Bacon speak of a pair (pack) of cards. A "pair of stairs" is still in popular use, as well as the later expression, "flight of stairs." Pair Pair, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Paired (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pairing.] 1. To be joined in paris; to couple; to mate, as for breeding. 2. To suit; to fit, as a counterpart. My heart was made to fit and pair with thine. Rowe. 3. Same as To pair off. See phrase below. To pair off, to separate from a company in pairs or couples; specif. (Parliamentary Cant), to agree with one of the opposite party or opinion to abstain from voting on specified questions or issues. See Pair, n., 6. Pair Pair, v. t. 1. To unite in couples; to form a pair of; to bring together, as things which belong together, or which complement, or are adapted to one another. Glossy jet is paired with shining white. Pope. 2. To engage (one's self) with another of opposite opinions not to vote on a particular question or class of questions. [Parliamentary Cant] Paired fins. (Zo\'94l.) See under Fin. Pair Pair, v. t. [See Impair.] To impair. [Obs.] Spenser. Pairer Pair"er (?), n. One who impairs. [Obs.] Wyclif. Pairing Pair"ing, n. [See Pair, v. i.] 1. The act or process of uniting or arranging in pairs or couples. 2. See To pair off, under Pair, v. i. Pairyng time, the time when birds or other animals pair. Pairment Pair"ment (?), n. Impairment. [Obs.] Wyclif. Pais Pa`is (?), n. [OF. pu\'8bs, F. pays, country.] (O. E. Law) The country; the people of the neighborhood. NOTE: &hand; A tr ial per pais is a trial by the country, that is, by a jury; and matter in pais is matter triable by the country, or jury. Paisano Pa`i*sa"no (?), n. [Sp., of the country, (Zo\'94l.) The chaparral cock. Paise Paise (?), n. [Obs.] See Poise. Chapman. Pajock Pa"jock (?), n. A peacock. [Obs.] Shak. Pakfong Pak"fong` (?), n. See Packfong. Pal Pal (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A mate; a partner; esp., an accomplice or confederate. [Slang] Palace Pal"ace (?), n. [OE. palais, F. palais, fr. L. palatium, fr. Palatium, one of the seven hills of Rome, Paladin.] 1. The residence of a sovereign, including the lodgings of high officers of state, and rooms for business, as well as halls for ceremony and reception. Chaucer. 2. The official residence of a bishop or other distinguished personage. 3. Loosely, any unusually magnificent or stately house. Palace car. See under Car. -- Palace court, a court having jurisdiction of personal actions arising within twelve miles of the palace at Whitehall. The court was abolished in 1849. [Eng.] Mozley & W. Palacious Pa*la"cious (?), a. Palatial. [Obs.] Graunt. Paladin Pal"a*din (?), n. [F., fr.It. paladino, fr. L. palatinus an officer of the palace. See Palatine.] A knight-errant; a distinguished champion; as, the paladins of Charlemagne. Sir W. Scott. Pal\'91o- Pa"l\'91*o- (?). See Paleo-. Pal\'91ographer, n., Pal\'91ographic Pa`l\'91*og"ra*pher (?), n., Pa`l\'91*o*graph"ic (, a., etc. See Paleographer, Paleographic, etc. Pal\'91otype Pa"l\'91*o*type (?), n. [Pal\'91o- + -type.] (Phon.) A system of representing all spoken sounds by means of the printing types in common use. Ellis. -- Pa`l\'91*o*typ"ic*al (#), a. -- Pa`l\'91*o*typ"ic*al*ly, adv. Pal\'91stra Pa*l\'91s"tra (?), n. See Palestra. Pal\'91stric Pa*l\'91s"tric (?), a. See Palestric. Pal\'91tiologist Pa*l\'91`ti*ol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in pal\'91tiology. Pal\'91tiology Pa*l\'91`ti*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Pal\'91o- + \'91tiology.] The science which explains, by the law of causation, the past condition and changes of the earth. -- Pa*l\'91`ti*o*log"ic*al (#), a. Palama Pal"a*ma (?), n.; pl. Palamme (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A membrane extending between the toes of a bird, and uniting them more or less closely together. Palamede\'91 Pal`a*me"de*\'91 (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) An order, or suborder, including the kamichi, and allied South American birds; -- called also screamers. In many anatomical characters they are allied to the Anseres, but they externally resemble the wading birds. Palampore Pal`am*pore" (?), n. See Palempore. Palanka Pa*lan"ka (?), n. [Cf. It., Pg., & Sp. palanca, fr.L. palanga, phalanga a pole, Gr. (Mil.) A camp permanently intrenched, attached to Turkish frontier fortresses. Palanquin Pal`an*quin" (?), n. [F. palanquin, Pg. palanquim, Javan. palangki, OJavan. palangkan, through Prakrit fr. Skr. parya, palya, bed, couch; pari around (akin to E. pref. peri-) + a a hook, flank, probably akin to E. angle fishing tackle. Cf. Palkee.] An inclosed carriage or litter, commonly about eight feet long, four feet wide, and four feet high, borne on the shoulders of men by means of two projecting poles, -- used in India, China, etc., for the conveyance of a single person from place to place. [Written also palankeen.] Palapteryx Pa*lap"te*ryx (?), n. [Paleo- + apteryx.] (Paleon.) A large extinct ostrichlike bird of New Zealand. Palatability Pal`a*ta*bil"i*ty (?), n. Palatableness. Palatable Pal"a*ta*ble (?), a. [From Palate.] Agreeable to the palate or taste; savory; hence, acceptable; pleasing; as, palatable food; palatable advice. Palatableness Pal"a*ta*ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being agreeable to the taste; relish; acceptableness. Palatably Pal"a*ta*bly, adv. In a palatable manner. Palatal Pal"a*tal (?), a. [Cf. F. palatal.] 1. Of or pertaining to the palate; palatine; as, the palatal bones. 2. (Phonetics) Uttered by the aid of the palate; -- said of certain sounds, as the sound of k in kirk. Palatal Pal"a*tal, n. (Phon.) A sound uttered, or a letter pronounced, by the aid of the palate, as the letters k and y. Palatalize Pal"a*tal*ize (?), v. t. (Phon.) To palatize. Palate Pal"ate (?), n. [L. palatum: cf. F. palais, Of. also palat.] 1. (Anat.) The roof of the mouth. NOTE: &hand; Th e fixed portion, or palate proper, supported by the maxillary and palatine bones, is called the hard palate to distinguish it from the membranous and muscular curtain which separates the cavity of the mouth from the pharynx and is called the soft palate, or velum. 2. Relish; taste; liking; -- a sense originating in the mistaken notion that the palate is the organ of taste. Hard task! to hit the palate of such guests. Pope. 3. Fig.: Mental relish; intellectual taste. T. Baker. 4. (Bot.) A projection in the throat of such flowers as the snapdragon. Palate Pal"ate, v. t. To perceive by the taste. [Obs.] Shak. Palatial Pa*la"tial (?), a. [L. palatium palace. See Palace.] Of or pertaining to a palace; suitable for a palace; resembling a palace; royal; magnificent; as, palatial structures. "Palatial style." A. Drummond. Palatial Pa*la"tial, a. [From Palate.] (Anat.) Palatal; palatine. [Obs.] Barrow. Palatial Pa*la"tial, n. A palatal letter. [Obs.] Sir W. Jones. Palatic Pa*lat"ic (?), a. (Anat.) Palatal; palatine. Palatic Pa*lat"ic, n. (Phon.) A palatal. [R.] Palatinate Pa*lat"i*nate (?), n. [F. palatinat. See Palatine.] The province or seigniory of a palatine; the dignity of a palatine. Howell. Palatinate Pa*lat"i*nate (?), v. t. To make a palatinate of. [Obs.] Fuller. Palatine Pal"a*tine (?), a. [F. palatin, L. palatinus, fr. palatium. See Palace, and cf. Paladin.] Of or pertaining to a palace, or to a high officer of a palace; hence, possessing royal privileges. Count palatine, County palatine. See under Count, and County. -- Palatine hill, OR The palatine, one of the seven hills of Rome, once occupied by the palace of the C\'91sars. See Palace. Palatine Pal"a*tine (?), n. 1. One invested with royal privileges and rights within his domains; a count palatine. See Count palatine, under 4th Count. 2. The Palatine hill in Rome. Palatine Pal"a*tine, a. [From Palate.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the palate. Palatine bones (Anat.), a pair of bones (often united in the adult) in the root of the mouth, back of and between the maxillaries. Palatine Pal"a*tine, (Anat.) A palatine bone. Palative Pal"a*tive (?), a. Pleasing to the taste; palatable. [Obs.] "Palative delights." Sir T. Browne. Palatize Pal"a*tize (?), v. t. To modify, as the tones of the voice, by means of the palate; as, to palatize a letter or sound. -- Pal`a*ti*za"tion (#), n. J. Peile. Palato- Pal"a*to- (?). [From Palate.] A combining form used in anatomy to indicate relation to, or connection with, the palate; as in palatolingual. Palatonares Pal`a*to*na"res (?), n. pl. [NL. See Palato-, and Nares.] (Anat.) The posterior nares. See Nares. Palatopterygoid Pal`a*top*ter"y*goid (?), a. [Palato- + pterygoid.] (Anat.) Pertaining to the palatine and pterygoid region of the skull; as, the palatopterygoid cartilage, or rod, from which the palatine and pterygoid bones are developed. Palaver Pa*la"ver (?), n. [Sp. palabra, or Pg. palavra, fr. L. parabola a comparison, a parable, LL., a word. See Parable.] 1. Talk; conversation; esp., idle or beguiling talk; talk intended to deceive; flattery. 2. In Africa, a parley with the natives; a talk; hence, a public conference and deliberation; a debate. This epoch of parliaments and eloquent palavers. Carlyle. Palaver Pa*la"ver, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Palavered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Palavering.] To make palaver with, or to; to used palaver;to talk idly or deceitfully; to employ flattery; to cajole; as, to palaver artfully. Palavering the little language for her benefit. C. Bront Palaverer Pa*la"ver*er (?), n. One who palavers; a flatterer. Pale Pale (?), a. [Compar. Paler (?); superl. Palest.] [F. p\'83le, fr. p\'83lir to turn pale, L. pallere to be oAppall, Fallow, pall, v. i., Pallid.] 1. Wanting in color; not ruddy; dusky white; pallid; wan; as, a pale face; a pale red; a pale blue. "Pale as a forpined ghost." Chaucer. Speechless he stood and pale. Milton. They are not of complexion red or pale. T. Randolph. 2. Not bright or brilliant; of a faint luster or hue; dim; as, the pale light of the moon. The night, methinks, is but the daylight sick; It looks a little paler. Shak. NOTE: &hand; Pale is often used in the formation of self-explaining compounds; as, pale-colored, pale-eyed, pale-faced, pale-looking, etc. Pale Pale, n. Paleness; pallor. [R.] Shak. Pale Pale, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Paled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paling.] To turn pale; to lose color or luster. Whittier. Apt to pale at a trodden worm. Mrs. Browning. Pale Pale, v. t. To make pale; to diminish the brightness of. The glowpale his uneffectual fire. Shak. Pale Pale, n. [F. pal, fr. L. palus: cf. D. paal. See Pol a stake, and lst Pallet.] 1. A pointed stake or slat, either driven into the ground, or fastened to a rail at the top and bottom, for fencing or inclosing; a picket. Deer creep through when a pale tumbles down. Mortimer. 2. That which incloses or fences in; a boundary; a limit; a fence; a palisade. "Within one pale or hedge." Robynson (More's Utopia). 3. A space or field having bounds or limits; a limited region or place; an inclosure; -- often used figuratively. "To walk the studious cloister's pale." Milton. "Out of the pale of civilization." Macaulay. 4. A stripe or band, as on a garment. Chaucer. 5. (Her.) One of the greater ordinaries, being a broad perpendicular stripe in an escutcheon, equally distant from the two edges, and occupying one third of it. 6. A cheese scoop. Simmonds. 7. (Shipbuilding) A shore for bracing a timber before it is fastened. English pale (Hist.), the limits or territory within which alone the English conquerors of Ireland held dominion for a long period after their invasion of the country in 1172. Spencer. Pale Pale, v. t. To inclose with pales, or as with pales; to encircle; to encompass; to fence off. [Your isle, which stands] ribbed and paled in With rocks unscalable and roaring waters. Shak. Palea Pa"le*a (?), n.; pl. Pale\'91 (-&emac;). [L., chaff.] 1. (Bot.) (a) The interior chaff or husk of grasses. (b) One of the chaffy scales or bractlets growing on the receptacle of many compound flowers, as the Coreopsis, the sunflower, etc. 2. (Zo\'94l.) A pendulous process of the skin on the throat of a bird, as in the turkey; a dewlap. Paleaceous Pa`le*a"ceous (?), a. [L. palea chaff.] (Bot.) Chaffy; resembling or consisting of pale\'91, or chaff; furnished with chaff; as, a paleaceous receptacle. Palearctic Pa`le*arc"tic (?), a. [Paleo- + arctic.] Belonging to a region of the earth's surface which includes all Europe to the Azores, Iceland, and all temperate Asia. Paled Paled (?), a. [See 5th Pale.] 1. Striped. [Obs.] "[Buskins] . . . paled part per part." Spenser. 2. Inclosed with a paling. "A paled green." Spenser. Pale\'89chinoidea Pa`le*\'89ch`i*noi"de*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Paleo-, and Echinoidea.] (Zo\'94l.) An extinct order of sea urchins found in the Paleozoic rocks. They had more than twenty vertical rows of plates. Called also Pal\'91echini. [Written also Pal\'91echinoidea.] _________________________________________________________________ Page 1032 Paleface Pale"face` (?), n. A white person; -- an appellation supposed to have been applied to the whites by the American Indians. J. F. Cooper. Paleichthyes Pa`le*ich"thy*es (?), n. pl. [NL. See Paleo-, and Ichthyology.] (Zo\'94l.) A comprehensive division of fishes which includes the elasmobranchs and ganoids. [Written also Pal\'91ichthyes.] Palely Pale"ly (?), adv. [From Pale, a.] In a pale manner; dimly; wanly; not freshly or ruddily. Thackeray. Palempore Pal`em*pore" (?), n. A superior kind of dimity made in India, -- used for bed coverings. [Written also palampore, palampoor, etc.] De Colange. Paleness Pale"ness (?), n. The quality or condition of being pale; want of freshness or ruddiness; a sickly whiteness; lack of color or luster; wanness. The blood the virgin's cheek forsook; A livid paleness spreads o'er all her look. Pope. Palenque Pa*len"que (?), n. pl. (Ethnol.) A collective name for the Indians of Nicaragua and Honduras. Paleo- Pa"le*o- (?). [Gr. , adj.] A combining form meaning old, ancient; as, palearctic, paleontology, paleothere, paleography. [Written also pal\'91o-.] Paleobotanist Pa`le*o*bot"a*nist (?), n. One versed in paleobotany. Paleobotany Pa`le*o*bot"a*ny (?), n. [Paleo- + botany.] That branch of paleontology which treats of fossil plants. Paleocarida Pa`le*o*car"ida (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ancient + , , , a kind of crustacean.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Merostomata. [Written also Pal\'91ocarida.] Paleocrinoidea Pa`le*o*cri*noi"de*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Paleo-, and Crinoidea.] (Zo\'94l.) A suborder of Crinoidea found chiefly in the Paleozoic rocks. Paleocrystic Pa`le*o*crys"tic (?), a. [Paleo- + Gr. ice.] Of, pertaining to, or derived from, a former glacial formation. Paleog\'91an Pa`le*o*g\'91"an (?), a. [Paleo- + Gr. the eart] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Eastern hemisphere. [Written also pal\'91og\'91an.] Paleograph Pa"le*o*graph (?), n. An ancient manuscript. Paleographer Pa`le*og"ra*pher (?), n. One skilled in paleography; a paleographist. Paleographic, Paleographical Pa`le*o*graph"ic (?), Pa`le*o*graph"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. pal\'82ographique.] Of or pertaining to paleography. Paleographist Pa`le*og"ra*phist (?), n. One versed in paleography; a paleographer. Paleography Pa`le*og"ra*phy, n. [Paleo- + -graphy: cf. F. pal\'82ographie.] 1. An ancient manner of writing; ancient writings, collectively; as, Punic paleography. 2. The study of ancient inscriptions and modes of writing; the art or science of deciphering ancient writings, and determining their origin, period, etc., from external characters; diplomatics. Paleola Pa*le"o*la (?), n.; pl. Paleol\'91 (#). [NL., dim. of L. palea.] (Bot.) A diminutive or secondary palea; a lodicule. Paleolith Pa"le*o*lith (?), n. [Paleo- + -lith.] (Geol.) A relic of the Paleolithic era. Paleolithic Pa`le*o*lith"ic (?), a. (Geol.) Of or pertaining to an era marked by early stone implements. The Paleolithic era (as proposed by Lubbock) includes the earlier half of the "Stone Age;" the remains belonging to it are for the most part of extinct animals, with relics of human beings. Paleologist Pa`le*ol"ogist (?), n. One versed in paleology; a student of antiquity. Paleology Pa`le*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Paleo- + -logy.] The study or knowledge of antiquities, esp. of prehistoric antiquities; a discourse or treatise on antiquities; arch\'91ology . Paleontographical Pa`le*on`to*graph"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to the description of fossil remains. Paleontography Pa`le*on*tog"ra*phy (?), n. [Paleo- + Gr. -graphy.] The description of fossil remains. Paleontological Pa`le*on`to*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to paleontology. -- Pa`le*on`to*log"ic*al*ly, adv. Paleontologist Pa`le*on*tol"o*gist (?), n. [Cf. F. pal\'82ontologiste.] One versed in paleontology. Paleontology Pa`le*on*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Paleo- + Gr. -logy. Cf. Ontology.] The science which treats of the ancient life of the earth, or of fossils which are the remains of such life. Paleophytologist Pa`le*o*phy*tol"o*gist (?), n. A paleobotanist. Paleophytology Pa`le*o*phy*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Paleo- + phytology.] Paleobotany. Paleornithology Pa`le*or`ni*thol"o*gy (?), n. [Paleo- + ornithology.] The branch of paleontology which treats of fossil birds. Paleosaurus Pa`le*o*sau"rus (?), n.[NL., fr. Gr. ancient + (Paleon.) A genus of fossil saurians found in the Permian formation. Paleotechnic Pa`le*o*tech"nic (?), a. [Paleo- + technic.] Belonging to, or connected with, ancient art. "The paleotechnic men of central France." D. Wilson. Paleothere Pa"le*o*there (?), n. [F. pal\'82oth\'8are.] (Paleon.) Any species of Paleotherium. Paleotherian Pa`le*o*the"ri*an (?), a. [F. pal\'82oth\'82rien.] (Paleon.) Of or pertaining to Paleotherium. Paleotherium Pa`le*o*the"ri*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.) An extinct genus of herbivorous Tertiary mammals, once supposed to have resembled the tapir in form, but now known to have had a more slender form, with a long neck like that of a llama. [Written also Pal\'91otherium.] Paleotheroid Pa`le*o*the"roid (?), [Paleothere + -oid.] (Paleon.) Resembling Paleotherium. -- n. An animal resembling, or allied to, the paleothere. Paleotype Pa"le*o*type (?), n. See Pal\'91otype. Paleous Pa"le*ous (?), a. [L. palea chaff.] Chaffy; like chaff; paleaceous. [R.] Sir T. Browne. Paleozoic Pa`le*o*zo"ic (?), a. [Paleo- + Gr. (Geol.) Of or pertaining to, or designating, the older division of geological time during which life is known to have existed, including the Silurian, Devonian, and Carboniferous ages, and also to the life or rocks of those ages. See Chart of Geology. Paleozo\'94logy Pa`le*o*zo*\'94l"o*gy (?), n. (Geol.) The Paleozoic time or strata. Paleozo\'94ogy Pa`le*o*zo*\'94"o*gy (?), n. [Paleo- + zo\'94logy.] The science of extinct animals, a branch of paleontology. Palesie, Palesy Pale"sie (?), Pale"sy, n. Palsy. [Obs.] Wyclif. Palestinian, Palestinean Pal`es*tin"i*an (?), Pal`es*tin"e*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Palestine. Palestra Pa*les"tra (?), n.; pl. L. Palestr\'91 (#), E. Palestras (#). [NL., fr. L. palaestra, Gr. [Written also pal\'91stra.] (Antiq.) (a) A wrestling school; hence, a gymnasium, or place for athletic exercise in general. (b) A wrestling; the exercise of wrestling. Palestrian, Palestric, Palestrical Pa*les"tri*an (?), Pa*les"tric (?), Pa*les"tric*al (?), a. [L. palaestricus, Gr. Of or pertaining to the palestra, or to wrestling. Palet Pal"et (?), n. [See Palea.] (Bot.) Same as Palea. Paletot Pal"e*tot (?), n. [F. paletot, OF. palletoc, prob. fr. L. palla (see Palla) + F. toque cap, and so lit., a frock with a cap or hood; cf. Sp. paletoque.] (a) An overcoat. Dickens. (b) A lady's outer garment, -- of varying fashion. Palette Pal"ette (?), n. [See Pallet a thin board.] 1. (Paint.) A thin, oval or square board, or tablet, with a thumb hole at one end for holding it, on which a painter lays and mixes his pigments. [Written also pallet.] 2. (Anc. Armor) One of the plates covering the points of junction at the bend of the shoulders and elbows. Fairholt. 3. (Mech.) A breastplate for a breast drill. Palette knife, a knife with a very flexible steel blade and no cutting edge, rounded at the end, used by painters to mix colors on the grinding slab or palette. -- To set the palette (Paint.), to lay upon it the required pigments in a certain order, according to the intended use of them in a picture. Fairholt. Palewise Pale"wise` (?), adv. (Her.) In the manner of a pale or pales; by perpendicular lines or divisions; as, to divide an escutcheon palewise. Palfrey Pal"frey (?), n. [OE. palefrai, OF. palefrei, F. palefroi, LL. palafredus, parafredus, from L. paraveredus a horse for extraordinary occasions, an extra post horse; Gr. veredus a post horse.] 1. A saddle horse for the road, or for state occasions, as distinguished from a war horse. Chaucer. 2. A small saddle horse for ladies. Spenser. Call the host and bid him bring Charger and palfrey. Tennyson. Palfreyed Pal"freyed (?), a. Mounted on a palfrey. Tickell. Palgrave Pal"grave (?), n. See Palsgrave. Pali Pa"li (?), n., pl. of Palus. Pali Pa"li (?), n. [Ceylonese, fr. Skr. p\'beli row, line, series, applied to the series of Buddhist sacred texts.] A dialect descended from Sanskrit, and like that, a dead language, except when used as the sacred language of the Buddhist religion in Farther India, etc. Palification Pal`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. palus a stake + -ficare (in comp.) to make: cf. F. palification. See -fy.] The act or practice of driving piles or posts into the ground to make it firm. [R.] Sir H. Wotton. Paliform Pa"li*form (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Resembling a palus; as, the paliform lobes of the septa in corals. Palilogy Pa*lil"o*gy (?), n. [L. palilogia, Gr. (Rhet.) The repetition of a word, or part of a sentence, for the sake of greater emphasis; as, "The living, the living, he shall praise thee." Is. xxxviii. 19. Palimpsest Pal"imp*sest (?), n. [L. palimpsestus, Gr. palimpseste.] A parchment which has been written upon twice, the first writing having been erased to make place for the second. Longfellow. Palindrome Pal"in*drome (?), n. [Gr. palindrome.] A word, verse, or sentence, that is the same when read backward or forward; as, madam; Hannah; or Lewd did I live, & evil I did dwel. Palindromic, Palindromical Pal`in*drom"ic (?), Pal`in*drom"ic*al (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or like, a palindrome. Palindromist Pa*lin"dro*mist (?), n. A writer of palindromes. Paling Pal"ing (?), n. 1. Pales, in general; a fence formed with pales or pickets; a limit; an inclosure. They moved within the paling of order and decorum. De Quincey. 2. The act of placing pales or stripes on cloth; also, the stripes themselves. [Obs.] Chaucer. Paling board, one of the slabs sawed from the sides of a log to fit it to be sawed into boards. [Eng.] Palingenesia Pal`in*ge*ne"si*a (?), n.[NL.] See Palingenesis. Palingenesis, Palingenesy Pal`in*gen"e*sis (?), Pal`in*gen"e*sy (?), n. [Gr. paling\'82n\'82sie. See Genesis.] 1. A new birth; a re-creation; a regeneration; a continued existence in different manner or form. 2. (Biol.) That form of evolution in which the truly ancestral characters conserved by heredity are reproduced in development; original simple descent; -- distinguished from kenogenesis. Sometimes, in zo\'94logy, the abrupt metamorphosis of insects, crustaceans, etc. Palingenetic Pal`in*ge*net"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to palingenesis: as, a palingenetic process. -- Pal`in*ge*net"ic*al*ly (#), adv. Palinode Pal"i*node (?), n. [L. palinodia, from Gr. Ode.] 1. An ode recanting, or retracting, a former one; also, a repetition of an ode. 2. A retraction; esp., a formal retraction. Sandys. Palinodial Pal`i*no"di*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a palinode, or retraction. J. Q. Adams. Palinody Pal"i*no*dy (?), n. See Palinode. [Obs.] Wood. Palinurus Pal`inu"rus (?), n. [So called from L. Palinurus, the pilot of \'92neas.] (Naut.) An instrument for obtaining directly, without calculation, the true bearing of the sun, and thence the variation of the compass Palisade Pal`i*sade" (?), n. [F. palissade, cf. Sp. palizada, It. palizzata, palizzo, LL. palissata; all fr. L. palus a stake, pale. See Pale a stake.] 1. (Fort.) A strong, long stake, one end of which is set firmly in the ground, and the other is sharpened; also, a fence formed of such stakes set in the ground as a means of defense. 2. Any fence made of pales or sharp stakes. Palisade cells (Bot.), vertically elongated parenchyma cells, such as are seen beneath the epidermis of the upper surface of many leaves. -- Palisade worm (Zo\'94l.), a nematoid worm (Strongylus armatus), parasitic in the blood vessels of the horse, in which it produces aneurisms, often fatal. Palisade Pal`i*sade", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Palisaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Palisading.] [Cf. F. palissader.] To surround, inclose, or fortify, with palisades. Palisading Pal`i*sad"ing (?), n. Fort.) A row of palisades set in the ground. Palisado Pal`i*sa*"do (?), n.; pl. Palisadoes (. A palisade. [Obs.] Shak. Palisado Pal`i*sa"do, v. t. To palisade. [Obs.] Sterne. Palish Pal"ish (?), a. Somewhat pale or wan. Palissander Pal`is*san"der (?), n. [F. palissandre.] (Bot.) (a) Violet wood. (b) Rosewood. Palissy Pal"is*sy (?), a. Designating, or of the nature of, a kind of pottery made by Bernard Palissy, in France, in the 16th centry. Palissy ware, glazed pottery like that made by Bernard Palissy; especially, that having figures of fishes, reptiles, etc., in high relief. Palkee Pal"kee (?), n. [Hind. p\'belk\'c6; of the same origin as E. palanquin.] A palanquin. Malcom. Pall Pall (?), n. Same as Pawl. Pall Pall, n. [OE. pal, AS. p\'91l, from L. pallium cover, cloak, mantle, pall; cf. L. palla robe, mantle.] 1. An outer garment; a cloak mantle. His lion's skin changed to a pall of gold. Spenser. 2. A kind of rich stuff used for garments in the Middle Ages. [Obs.] Wyclif (Esther viii. 15). 3. (R. C. Ch.) Same as Pallium. About this time Pope Gregory sent two archbishop's palls into England, -- the one for London, the other for York. Fuller. 4. (Her.) A figure resembling the Roman Catholic pallium, or pall, and having the form of the letter Y. 5. A large cloth, esp., a heavy black cloth, thrown over a coffin at a funeral; sometimes, also, over a tomb. Warriors carry the warrior's pall. Tennyson. 6. (Eccl.) A piece of cardboard, covered with linen and embroidered on one side; -- used to put over the chalice. Pall Pall, v. t. To cloak. [R.] Shak Pall Pall, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Palled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Palling.] [Either shortened fr. appall, or fr. F. p\'83lir to grow pale. Cf. Appall, Pale, a.] To become vapid, tasteless, dull, or insipid; to lose strength, life, spirit, or taste; as, the liquor palls. Beauty soon grows familiar to the lover, Fades in the eye, and palls upon the sense. Addisin. Pall Pall, v. t. 1. To make vapid or insipid; to make lifeless or spiritless; to dull; to weaken. Chaucer. Reason and reflection . . . pall all his enjoyments. Atterbury. 2. To satiate; to cloy; as, to pall the appetite. Pall Pall, n. Nausea. [Obs.] Shaftesbury. Palla Pal"la (?), n. [L. See Pall a cloak.] (Rom. Antuq.) An oblong rectangular piece of cloth, worn by Roman ladies, and fastened with brooches. Palladian Pal*la"di*an (?), a. (Arch.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, a variety of the revived classic style of architecture, founded on the works of Andrea Palladio, an Italian architect of the 16th century. Palladic Pal*la"dic (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or derived from, palladium; -- used specifically to designate those compounds in which the element has a higher valence as contrasted with palladious compounds. Palladious Pal*la"di*ous (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or containing, palladium; -- used specifically to designate those compounds in which palladium has a lower valence as compared with palladic compounds. Palladium Pal*la"di*um (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. 1. (Gr. Antiq.) Any statue of the goddess Pallas; esp., the famous statue on the preservation of which depended the safety of ancient Troy. 2. Hence: That which affords effectual protection or security; a sateguard; as, the trial by jury is the palladium of our civil rights. Blackstone. Palladium Pal*la"di*um, n. [NL.] (Chem.) A rare metallic element of the light platinum group, found native, and also alloyed with platinum and gold. It is a silver-white metal resembling platinum, and like it permanent and untarnished in the air, but is more easily fusible. It is unique in its power of occluding hydrogen, which it does to the extent of nearly a thousand volumes, forming the alloy Pd2H. It is used for graduated circles and verniers, for plating certain silver goods, and somewhat in dentistry. It was so named in 1804 by Wollaston from the asteroid Pallas, which was discovered in 1802. Symbol Pd. Atomic weight, 106.2. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1033 Paladiumize Pala"di*um*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Palladiumized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Palladiumizing (?).] To cover or coat with palladium. [R.] Pallah Pal"lah (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A large South African antelope (\'92pyceros melampus). The male has long lyrate and annulated horns. The general color is bay, with a black crescent on the croup. Called also roodebok. Pallas Pal"las (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Gr. Myth.) Pallas Athene, the Grecian goddess of wisdom, called also Athene, and identified, at a later period, with the Roman Minerva.<-- usu. spelled Athena --> Pallbearer Pall"bear*er (?), n. One of those who attend the coffin at a funeral; -- so called from the pall being formerly carried by them. Pallet Pal"let (?), n. [OE. paillet, F. paillet a heap of straw, fr. paille straw, fr. L. palea chaff; cf. Gr. pala straw, pal\'beva chaff. Cf. Paillasse.] A small and mean bed; a bed of straw. Milton. Palet Pa"let, n. [Dim. of pale. See Pale a stake.] (Her.) A perpendicular band upon an escutcheon, one half the breadth of the pale. Pallet Pal"let, n. [F. palette: af. It. paletta; prop. and orig., a fire shovel, dim. of L. pala a shovel, spade. See Peel a shovel.] 1. (Paint.) Same as Palette. 2. (Pettery) (a) A wooden implement used by potters, crucible makers, etc., for forming, beating, and rounding their works. It is oval, round, and of other forms. (b) A potter's wheel. 3. (Gilding) (a) An instrument used to take up gold leaf from the pillow, and to apply it. (b) A tool for gilding the backs of books over the bands. 4. (Brickmaking) A board on which a newly molded brick is conveyed to the hack. Knight. 5. (Mach.) (a) A click or pawl for driving a ratchet wheel. (b) One of the series of disks or pistons in the chain pump. Knight. 6. (Horology) One of the pieces or levers connected with the pendulum of a clock, or the balance of a watch, which receive the immediate impulse of the scape-wheel, or balance wheel. Brande & C. 7. (Mus.) In the organ, a valve between the wind chest and the mouth of a pipe or row of pipes. 8. (Zo\'94l.) One of a pair of shelly plates that protect the siphon tubes of certain bivalves, as the Teredo. See Illust. of Teredo. 9. A cup containing three ounces, -- Pallial Pal"li*al (?), a. [L. pallium a mantle. See Pall.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pretaining to a mantle, especially to the mantle of mollusks; produced by the mantle; as, the pallial line, or impression, which marks the attachment of the mantle on the inner surface of a bivalve shell. See Illust. of Bivalve. Pallial chamber (Zo\'94l.), the cavity inclosed by the mantle. -- Pallial sinus (Zo\'94l.), an inward bending of the pallial line, near the posterior end of certain bivalve shells, to receive the siphon. See Illust. of Bivalve. Palliament Pal"li*a*ment (?), n. [LL. palliare to clothe, fr. L. pallium a manltle. See Pall the garment.] A dress; a robe. [Obs.] Shak. Palliard Pal"liard (?), n. [F. paillard, orig., one addicted to the couch, fr. paille straw. See Pallet a small bed.] 1. A born beggar; a vagabond. [Obs.] Halliwell. 2. A lecher; a lewd person. [Obs.] Dryden. Palliasse Pal*liasse" (?), n. See Paillasse. Palliate Pal"li*ate (?), a. [L. palliatus, fr. pallium a cloak. See Pall the garment.] 1. Covered with a mant [Obs.] Bp. Hall. 2. Eased; mitigated; alleviated. [Obs.] Bp. Fell. Palliate Pal"li*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Palliated(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Palliating(?).] 1. To cover with a mantle or cloak; to cover up; to hide. [Obs.] Being palliated with a pilgrim's coat. Sir T. Herbert. 2. To cover with excuses; to conceal the enormity of, by excuses and apologies; to extenuate; as, to palliate faults. They never hide or palliate their vices. Swift. 3. To reduce in violence; to lessen or abate; to mitigate; to ease withhout curing; as, to palliate a disease. To palliate dullness, and give time a shove. Cowper. Syn. -- To cover; cloak; hide; extenuate; conceal. -- To Palliate, Extenuate, Cloak. These words, as here compared, are used in a figurative sense in reference to our treatment of wrong action. We cloak in order to conceal completely. We extenuate a crime when we endeavor to show that it is less than has been supposed; we palliate a crime when we endeavor to cover or conceal its enormity, at least in part. This naturally leads us to soften some of its features, and thus palliate approaches extenuate till they have become nearly or quite identical. "To palliate is not now used, though it once was, in the sense of wholly cloaking or covering over, as it might be, our sins, but in that of extenuating; to palliate our faults is not to hide them altogether, but to seek to diminish their guilt in part." Trench. Palliation Pal`li*a"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. palliation.] 1. The act of palliating, or state of being palliated; extenuation; excuse; as, the palliation of faults, offenses, vices. 2. Mitigation; alleviation, as of a disease. Bacon. 3. That which cloaks or covers; disguise; also, the state of being covered or disguised. [Obs.] Palliative Pal"li*a*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. palliatif.] Serving to palliate; serving to extenuate or mitigate. Palliative Pal"li*a*tive (?), n. That which palliates; a palliative agent. Sir W. Scott. Palliatory Pal"li*a*to*ry (?), a. Palliative; extenuating. Pallid Pal"lid (?), a. [L. pallidus, fr. pallere to be or look pale. See pale, a.] Deficient in color; pale; wan; as, a pallid countenance; pallid blue. Spenser. Pallidity Pal*lid"i*ty (?), n. Pallidness; paleness. Pallidly Pal"lid*ly (?), adv. In a pallid manner. Pallidness Pal"lid*ness, n. The quality or state of being pallid; paleness; pallor; wanness. Palliobranchiata Pal`li*o*bran`chi*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Brachiopoda. Palliobranchiate Pal`li*o*bran"chi*ate (?), a. [See Pallium, and Branchia.] (Zo\'94l.) Having the pallium, or mantle, acting as a gill, as in brachiopods. Pallium Pal"li*um (?), n.; pl. L. Pallia(Palliums (#). [L. See Pall the garment.] 1. (Anc. Costume) A large, square, woolen cloak which enveloped the whole person, worn by the Greeks and by certain Romans. It is the Roman name of a Greek garment. 2. (R.C.Ch.) A band of white wool, worn on the shoulders, with four purple crosses worked on it; a pall. NOTE: &hand; Th e wo ol is ob tained from two lambs brought to the basilica of St. Agnes, Rome, and blessed. It is worn by the pope, and sent to patriarchs, primates, and archbishops, as a sign that they share in the plenitude of the episcopal office. Befoer it is sent, the pallium is laid on the tomb of St. Peter, where it remains all night. 3. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The mantle of a bivalve. See Mantle. (b) The mantle of a bird. Pall-mall Pall`-mall" (?), n. [OF. palemail, It. pallamagio; palla a ball (of German origin, akin to E. ball) + magio hammer, fr. L. malleus. See lst Ball, and Mall a beetle.] A game formerly common in England, in which a wooden ball was driven with a mallet through an elevated hoop or ring of iron. The name was also given to the mallet used, to the place where the game was played, and to the street, in London, still called Pall Mall. [Written also pail-mail and pell-mell.] Sir K. Digby. Evelyn. Pallone Pal*lo"ne (?), n. [It., a large ball, fr. palla ball. See Balloon.] An Italian game, played with a large leather ball. Pallor Pal"lor (?), n. [L., fr. pallere to be or look pale. See Pale, a.] Paleness; want of color; pallidity; as, pallor of the complexion. Jer. Taylor. Palm Palm (?), n. [OE. paume, F. paume, L. palma, Gr. p\'beni hand, and E. fumble. See Fumble, Feel, and cf. 2d Palm.] 1. (Anat.) The inner and somewhat concave part of the hand between the bases of the fingers and the wrist. Clench'd her fingers till they bit the palm. Tennyson. 2. A lineal measure equal either to the breadth of the hand or to its length from the wrist to the ends of the fingers; a hand; -- used in measuring a horse's height. NOTE: &hand; In Greece, the palm was reckoned at three inches. The Romans adopted two measures of this name, the lesser palm of 2.91 inches, and the greater palm of 8.73 inches. At the present day, this measure varies in the most arbitrary manner, being different in each country, and occasionally varying in the same. Internat. Cyc. 3. (Sailmaking) A metallic disk, attached to a strap, and worn the palm of the hand, -- used to push the needle through the canvas, in sewing sails, etc. 4. (Zo\'94l.) The broad flattened part of an antler, as of a full-grown fallow deer; -- so called as resembling the palm of the hand with its protruding fingers. 5. (Naut.) The flat inner face of an anchor fluke. Palm Palm, n. [AS. palm, L. palma; -- so named fr. the leaf resembling a hand. See lst Palm, and cf. Pam.] 1. (Bot.) Any endogenous tree of the order Palm\'91 or Palmace\'91; a palm tree. NOTE: &hand; Pa lms ar e pe rennial woody plants, often of majestic size. The trunk is usually erect and rarely branched, and has a roughened exterior composed of the persistent bases of the leaf stalks. The leaves are borne in a terminal crown, and are supported on stout, sheathing, often prickly, petioles. They are usually of great size, and are either pinnately or palmately many-cleft. There are about one thousand species known, nearly all of them growing in tropical or semitropical regions. The wood, petioles, leaves, sap, and fruit of many species are invaluable in the arts and in domestic economy. Among the best known are the date palm, the cocoa palm, the fan palm, the oil palm, the wax palm, the palmyra, and the various kinds called cabbage palm and palmetto. 2. A branch or leaf of the palm, anciently borne or worn as a symbol of victory or rejoicing. A great multitude . . . stood before the throne, and before the Lamb, clothed with white robes, and palme in their hands. Rev. vii. 9. 3. Hence: Any symbol or token of superiority, success, or triumph; also, victory; triumph; supremacy. "The palm of martyrdom." Chaucer. So get the start of the majestic world And bear the palm alone. Shak. Molucca palm (Bot.), a labiate herb from Asia (Molucella l\'91vis), having a curious cup-shaped calyx. -- Palm cabbage, the terminal bud of a cabbage palm, used as food. -- Palm cat (Zo\'94l.), the common paradoxure. -- Palm crab (Zo\'94l.), the purse crab. -- Palm oil, a vegetable oil, obtained from the fruit of several species of palms, as the African oil palm (El\'91is Guineensis), and used in the manufacture of soap and candles. See El\'91is. -- Palm swift (Zo\'94l.), a small swift (Cypselus Btassiensis) which frequents the palmyra and cocoanut palms in India. Its peculiar nest is attached to the leaf of the palmyra palm. -- Palm toddy. Same as Palm wine. -- Palm weevil (Zo\'94l.), any one of mumerous species of very large weevils of the genus Rhynchophorus. The larv\'91 bore into palm trees, and are called palm borers, and grugru worms. They are considered excellent food. -- Palm wine, the sap of several species of palms, especially, in India, of the wild date palm (Ph\'d2nix sylvestrix), the palmyra, and the Caryota urens. When fermented it yields by distillation arrack, and by evaporation jaggery. Called also palm toddy. -- Palm worm, OR Palmworm. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The larva of a palm weevil. (b) A centipede. Palm Palm (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Palmed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Palming.] 1. To handle. [Obs.] Prior. 2. To manipulate with, or conceal in, the palm of the hand; to juggle. They palmed the trick that lost the game. Prior. 3. To impose by frand, as by sleight of hand; to put by unfair means; -- usually with off. For you may palm upon us new for old. Dryden. Palmaceous Pal*ma"ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to palms; of the nature of, or resembling, palms. Palma Christi Pal"ma Chris"ti (?). [L., palm of Christ.] (Bot.) A plant (Ricinus communis) with ornamental peltate and palmately cleft foliage, growing as a woody perennial in the tropics, and cultivated as an herbaceous annual in temperate regions; -- called also castor-oil plant. [Sometimes corrupted into palmcrist.] Palmacite Pal"ma*cite (?), n. (Paleon.) A fossil palm. Palmar Pal"mar (?), a. [L. palmaris, fr. palma the palm of the hand: cf. F. palmaire.] 1. (Anat.) Pertaining to, or corresponding with, the palm of the hand. 2. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the under side of the wings of birds. Palmarium Pal*ma"ri*um (?), n.; pl. Palmaria (#). [NL. See Palmar.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the bifurcations of the brachial plates of a crinoid. Palmary Pal"ma*ry (?), a. (Anat.) Palmar. Palmary Pal"ma*ry, a. [L. palmarius, palmaris, belonging to palms, deserving the palm or prize, fr. palma a palm.] Worthy of the palm; palmy; pre\'89minent; superior; principal; chief; as, palmary work. Br. Horne. Palmate Pal"mate (?), n.(Chem.) A salt of palmic acid; a ricinoleate. [Obsoles.] Palmate, Palmated Pal"mate (?), Pal"ma*ted (?), a. [L. palmatus marked with the palm of a hand, from palma the palm of the hand.] 1. Having the shape of the hand; resembling a hand with the fingers spread. 2. (Bot.) Spreading from the apex of a petiole, as the divisions of a leaf, or leaflets, so as to resemble the hand with outspread fingers. Gray. 3. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Having the anterior toes united by a web, as in most swimming birds; webbed. See Illust. (i) under Aves. (b) Having the distal portion broad, flat, and more or less divided into lobes; -- said of certain corals, antlers, etc. Palmately Pal"mate*ly (?), adv. In a palmate manner. Palmatifid Pal*mat"i*fid (?), a. [L. palmatus palmate + root of findere to split.] (Bot.) Palmate, with the divisions separated but little more than halfway to the common center. Palmatilobed Pal*mat"i*lobed (?), a. [L. palmatus palmate + E. lobed.] (Bot.) Palmate, with the divisions separated less than halfway to the common center. Palmatisect, Palmatisected Pal*mat"i*sect (?), Pal*mat`i*sect"ed (?), a. [L. palmatus palmate + secare to cut.] (Bot.) Divided, as a palmate leaf, down to the midrib, so that the parenchyma is interrupted. Palmcrist Palm"crist (?), n. The palma Christi. (Jonah iv. 6, margin, and Douay version, note.) Palmed Palmed (?), a. Having or bearing a palm or palms. Paimed deer (Zo\'94l.), a stag of full growth, bearing palms. See lst Palm, 4. Palmer Palm"er (?), n. [From Palm, v. t.] One who palms or cheats, as at cards or dice. Palmer Palm"er, n.[From Palm the tree.] A wandering religious votary; especially, one who bore a branch of palm as a token that he had visited the Holy Land and its sacred places. Chaucer. Pilgrims and palmers plighted them together. P. Plowman. The pilgrim had some home or dwelling place, the palmer had none. The pilgrim traveled to some certain, designed place or places, but the palmer to all. T. Staveley. Palmerworm Palm"er*worm` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any hairy caterpillar which appears in great numbers, devouring herbage, and wandering about like a palmer. The name is applied also to other voracious insects. Joel. i. 4. (b) In America, the larva of any one of several moths, which destroys the foliage of fruit and forest trees, esp. the larva of Ypsolophus pometellus, which sometimes appears in vast numbers. Palmette Pal*mette" (?), n. [F., dim. of palme a palm.] A floral ornament, common in Greek and other ancient architecture; -- often called the honeysuckle ornament. Palmetto Pal*met"to (?), n. [Dim. of palm the tree: cf. Sp. palmito.] (Bot.) A name given to palms of several genera and species growing in the West Indies and the Southern United States. In the United States, the name is applied especially to the Cham\'91rops, OR Sabal, Palmetto, the cabbage tree of Florida and the Carolinas. See Cabbage tree, under Cabbage. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1034 Royal palmetto, the West Indian Sabal umbraculifera, the trunk of which, when hollowed, is used for water pipes, etc. The leaves are used for thatching, and for making hats, ropes, etc. -- Saw palmetto, Sabal serrulata, a native of Georgia, South Carolina, and Florida. The nearly impassable jungle which it forms is called palmetto scrub. Palmic Pal"mic (?), a. [Cf. F. palmique.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or derived from, the castor-oil plant (Ricinus communis, or Palma Christi); -- formerly used to designate an acid now called ricinoleic acid. [Obsoles.] Palmidactyles Pal`mi*dac"ty*les (?), n. pl. [NL. See Palm, and Dactyl.] (Zo\'94l.) A group of wading birds having the toes webbed, as the avocet. Palmiferous Pal*mif"er*ous (?), a.[L. palmifer; palma a palm + ferre to bear: cf. F. palmif\'8are.] Bearing palms. Palmigrade Pal"mi*grade (?), a. [L. palma palm of the hand + gradi to walk.] (Zo\'94l.) Putting the whole foot upon the ground in walking, as some mammals. Palmin Pal"min (?), n. [From palma Christi: cf. F. palmine.] (Chem.) (a) A white waxy or fatty substance obtained from castor oil. (b) Ricinolein. [Obs.] Palmiped Pal"mi*ped (?), a.[L. palmipes, -edis, broad-footed; palma the palm of the hand + pes a foot; cf. F. palmip\'8ade.] (Zo\'94l.) Web-footed, as a water fowl. -- n. A swimming bird; a bird having webbed feet. Palmipedes Pal*mip"e*des (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Natatores. Palmister Pal"mis*ter (?), n. [From Palm of the hand.] One who practices palmistry Bp. Hall. Palmistry Pal`mis*try (?), n.[See Palmister.] 1. The art or practice of divining or telling fortunes, or of judging of character, by the lines and marks in the palm of the hand; chiromancy. Ascham. Cowper. 2. A dexterous use or trick of the hand. Addison. Palmitate Pal"mi*tate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of palmitic acid. Palmite Pal"mite (?), n. [From Palm.] (Bot.) A South African plant (Prionium Palmita) of the Rush family, having long serrated leaves. The stems have been used for making brushes. Palmitic Pal*mit"ic (?), a. (Physiol. Chem.) Pertaining to, or obtained from, palmitin or palm oil; as, palmitic acid, a white crystalline body belonging to the fatty acid series. It is readily soluble in hot alcohol, and melts to a liquid oil at 62° C. Palmitin Pal"mi*tin (?), n. [So called because abundant in palm oil.] (Physiol. Chem.) A solid crystallizable fat, found abundantly in animals and in vegetables. It occurs mixed with stearin and olein in the fat of animal tissues, with olein and butyrin in butter, with olein in olive oil, etc. Chemically, it is a glyceride of palmitic acid, three molecules of palmitic acid being united to one molecule of glyceryl, and hence it is technically called tripalmitin, or glyceryl tripalmitate. Palmitolic Pal`mi*tol"ic (?), a. [Palmitic + -oleic + ic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an artificial acid of the oleic acid series, isomeric with linoleic acid. Palmitone Pal"mi*tone (?), n. (Chem.) The ketone of palmitic acid. Palm Sunday Palm" Sun`day (?). (Eccl.) The Sunday next before Easter; -- so called in commemoration of our Savior's triumphal entry into Jerusalem, when the multitude strewed palm branches in the way. Palmy Palm"y (?), a. 1. Bearing palms; abounding in palms; derived from palms; as, a palmy shore. Pope. His golden sands and palmy wine. Goldsmith. 2. Worthy of the palm; flourishing; prosperous. In the most high and palmy state of Rome. Shak. Palmyra Pal*my"ra (?), n. (Bot.) A species of palm (Borassus flabelliformis) having a straight, black, upright trunk, with palmate leaves. It is found native along the entire northern shores of the Indian Ocean, from the mouth of the Tigris to New Guinea. More than eight hundred uses to which it is put are enumerated by native writers. Its wood is largely used for building purposes; its fruit and roots serve for food, its sap for making toddy, and its leaves for thatching huts. Palola Pa*lo"la (?), n. [Fr. the native name.] (Zo\'94l.) An annelid (Palola viridis) which, at certain seasons of the year, swarms at the surface of the sea about some of the Pcific Islands, where it is collected for food. Pallometa Pal`lo*me"ta (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A pompano. Palp Palp (?), n. [Cf. F. palpe. See Palpable.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Palpus. Palp Palp, v. t. [L. palpare: cf. F. palper.] To have a distinct touch or feeling of; to feel. [Obs.] To bring a palp\'8ad darkness o'er the earth. Heywood. Palpability Pal`pa*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being palpable, or perceptible by the touch. Arbuthnot. Palpable Pal"pa*ble (?), a. [F. palpable, L. palpabilis, fr. palpare to feel, stroke; cf. palpus the soft palm of the hand.] 1. Capable of being touched and felt; perceptible by the touch; as, a palpable form. Shak. Darkness must overshadow all his bounds, Palpable darkness. Milton. 2. Easily perceptible; plain; distinct; obvious; readily perceived and detected; gross; as, palpable imposture; palpable absurdity; palpable errors. "Three persons palpable." P. Plowman. [Lies] gross as a mountain, open, palpable. Shak. -- Pal"pa*ble*ness, n. -- Pal"pa*bly, adv. Palpation Pal*pa"tion (?), n. [L. palpatio, fr. palpare. See Palpable.] 1. Act of touching or feeling. 2. (Med.) Examination of a patient by touch. Quain. Palpator Pal*pa"tor (?), n. [L., a stroker.] (Zo\'94l.) One of a family of clavicorn beetles, including those which have very long maxillary palpi. Palpebra Pal"pe*bra (?), n.; pl. Palpebr\'91 (#). [L.] (Zo\'94l.) The eyelid. Palpebral Pal"pe*bral (?), a. [L. palpebralis, fr. palpebra: cf. F. palp\'82bral.] Of or pertaining to the eyelids. Palprbrate Pal"pr*brate (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having eyelids. Palped Palped (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having a palpus. Palpi Pal"pi (?), n., pl. of Palpus. (Zo\'94l.) See Palpus. Palpicorn Pal"pi*corn (?), n. [See Palpus, and Cornu.] (Zo\'94l.) One of a group of aquatic beetles (Palpicornia) having short club-shaped antenn\'91, and long maxillary palpi. Palpifer Pal"pi*fer (?), n. [Palpus + L. ferre to bear.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Palpiger. Palpiform Pal"pi*form (?), a. [Palpus + -form: cf. F. palpiforme.] (Zo\'94l.) Having the form of a palpus. Palpiger Pal"pi*ger (?), n. [See Palpigerous.] (Zo\'94l.) That portion of the labium which bears the palpi in insects. Palpigerous Pal*pig"er*ous (?), a. [Palpus + -gerous.] (Zo\'94l.) Bearing a palpus. Kirby. Palpitant Pal"pi*tant (?), a. [L. palpitans, p. pr.] Palpitating; throbbing; trembling. Carlyle. Palpitate Pal"pi*tate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Palpitated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Palpitating(?).] [L. palpitare, palpitatum, v. intens. fr. pappare. See Palpable.] To beat rapidly and more strongly than usual; to throb; to bound with emotion or exertion; to pulsate violently; to flutter; -- said specifically of the heart when its action is abnormal, as from excitement. Palpitation Pal`pi*ta"tion (?), n. [L. palpitatio: cf. F. palpitation.] A rapid pulsation; a throbbing; esp., an abnormal, rapid beating of the heart as when excited by violent exertion, strong emotion, or by disease. Palpless Palp"less (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Without a palpus. Palpocil Pal"po*cil (?), n. [See Palpus, and Cilium.] (Zo\'94l.) A minute soft filamentary process springing from the surface of certain hydroids and sponges. Palpus Pal"pus (?), n.; pl. Palpi (#). [NL. See Palp.] (Zo\'94l.) A feeler; especially, one of the jointed sense organs attached to the mouth organs of insects, arachnids, crustaceans, and annelids; as, the mandibular palpi, maxillary palpi, and labial palpi. The palpi of male spiders serve as sexual organs. Called also palp. See Illust. of Arthrogastra and Orthoptera. Palsgrave Pals"grave` (?), n. [D. paltsgraaf; palts palace (l. palatium) + graaf count; cf. G. pfalzgraf. See Palace, and Landgrave.] (Ger. Hist.) A count or earl who presided in the domestic court, and had the superintendence, of a royal household in Germany. Palsgravine Pals"gra*vine` (?), n.[D. paltsgravin: cf. G. pfalzgrafin.] The consort or widow of a palsgrave. Palsical Pal"si*cal (?), a.[From Palsy.] Affected with palsy; palsied; paralytic. [R.] Johnson. Palsied Pal"sied (?), a. Affected with palsy; paralyzed. Palstave Pal"stave` (?), n. [Dan. paalstav.] A peculiar bronze adz, used in prehistoric Europe about the middle of the bronze age. Dawkins. Palster Pal"ster (?), n. [D. palsterstaf.] A pilgrim's staff. [Obs.] Halliwell. Palsy Pal"sy (?), n.; pl. Palsies (#). [OE. palesie, parlesy, OF. paralesie, F. paralysie, L. paralysis. See Paralysis.] (Med.) Paralysis, complete or partial. See Paralysis. "One sick of the palsy." Mark ii. 3. Bell's palsy, paralysis of the facial nerve, producing distortion of one side of the face; -- so called from Sir Charles Bell, an English surgeon who described it. -- Scrivener's palsy. See Writer's cramp, under Writer. -- Shaking palsy, paralysis agitans, a disease usually occurring in old people, characterized by muscular tremors and a peculiar shaking and tottering gait. Palsy Pal"sy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Palsied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Palsying.] To affect with palsy, or as with palsy; to deprive of action or energy; to paralyze. Palsywort Pal"sy*wort` (?), n. (Bot.) The cowslip (Primula veris); -- so called from its supposed remedial powers. Dr. Prior. Palter Pal"ter (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Paltered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paltering.] [See Paltry.] 1. To haggle. [Obs.] Cotgrave. 2. To act in insincere or deceitful manner; to play false; to equivocate; to shift; to dodge; to trifle. Romans, that have spoke the word, And will not palter. Shak. Who never sold the truth to serve the hour, Nor paltered with eternal God for power. Tennyson. 3. To babble; to chatter. [Obs.] Palter Pal"ter, v. t. To trifle with; to waste; to squander in paltry ways or on worthless things. [Obs.] "Palter out your time in the penal statutes." Beau. & Fl. Palterer Pal"ter*er (?), n. One who palters. Johnson. Palterly Pal"ter*ly, a. & adv. Paltry; shabby; shabbily; paltrily. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] "In palterly clothes." Pepys. Paltock Pal"tock (?), n. [See Paletot.] A kind of doublet; a jacket. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. Paltrily Pal"tri*ly (?), adv. In a paltry manner. Paltriness Pal"tri*ness, n. The state or quality of being paltry. Paltry Pal"try (?), a. [Compar. Paltrier (; superl. Paltriest.] [Cf. Prov. E. paltry refuse, rubbish, LG. paltering ragged, palte, palter, a rag, a tatter, Dan. pialt, Sw. palta, pl. paltor.] Mean; vile; worthless; despicable; contemptible; pitiful; trifling; as, a paltry excuse; paltry gold. Cowper. The paltry prize is hardly worth the cost. Byron. Syn. -- See Contemptible. Paludal Pa*lu"dal (?), a. [L. palus, -udis, a marsh.] Of or pertaining to marshes or fens; marshy. [R.] Paludal fever, malarial fever; -- so called because generated in marshy districts. Paludament Pa*lu"da*ment (?), n. See Paludamentum. Paludamentum Pa*lu`da*men*tum (?), n.; pl. Paladumenta ( (Rom. Antiq.) A military cloak worn by a general and his principal officers. Paludicol\'91 Pal`u*dic"o*l\'91 (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. palus, -udis, a marsh + colere to inhabit.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of birds, including the cranes, rails, etc. Paludicole Pa*lu"di*cole (?), a. [Cf. F. paludicole.] (Zo\'94l.) Marsh-inhabiting; belonging to the Paludicol\'91 Paludina Pal`u*di"na (?), n.; pl. L. Paludin\'91 (#), E. Paludinas (#). [NL., fr. L. palus, -udis, a marsh, pool.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of freshwater pectinibranchiate mollusks, belonging to Paludina, Melantho, and allied genera. They have an operculated shell which is usually green, often with brown bands. See Illust. of Pond snail, under Pond. Paludinal Pal`u*di"nal (?), a. Inhabiting ponds or swamps. Paludine Pal"u*dine (?), a. [L. palus, -udis, a marsh.] Of or pertaining to a marsh. Buckland. Paludinous Pa*lu"di*nous (?), a. 1. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Paludinal. (b) Like or pertaining to the genus Paludina. 2. Of or pertaining to a marsh or fen. [R.] Paludism Pa*lu"dism (?), n. (Med.) The morbid phenomena produced by dwelling among marshes; malarial disease or disposition. Paludose Pal"u*dose` (?), a.[L. paludosus marshy.] Growing or living in marshy places; marshy. Palule Pal"ule (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Palulus or Palus. Palulus Pal"u*lus (?), n.; pl. Paluli (#). [NL., dim. of L. palus a stake.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Palus. Palus Pa"lus (?), n.; pl. Pali (#). [L., a stake.] (Zo\'94l.) One of several upright slender calcareous processes which surround the central part of the calicle of certain corals. Palustral Pa*lus"tral (?), a. [L. paluster, -ustris.] Of or pertaining to a bog or marsh; boggy. [R.] Palustrine Pa*lus"trine (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or living in, a marsh or swamp; marshy. Paly Pal"y (?), a. [From Pale, a.] Pale; wanting color; dim. [Poetic] Shak. Whittier. Paly Pal"y, a. [Cf. F. pal\'82. See Pale a stake.] (Her.) Divided into four or more equal parts by perpendicular lines, and of two different tinctures disposed alternately. Pam Pam (?), n. [From Palm victory; cf. trump, fr. triumph.] The knave of clubs. [Obs.] Pope. Pament Pa"ment (?), n. A pavement. [Obs.] Chaucer. Pampano Pam"pa*no (?), n. [Sp.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Pompano. Pampas Pam"pas (?), n. pl. [Sp., fr. Peruv. pampa a field, plain.] Vast plains in the central and southern part of the Argentine Republic in South America. The term is sometimes used in a wider sense for the plains extending from Bolivia to Southern Patagonia. Pampas cat (Zo\'94l.), a South American wild cat (Felis pajeros). It has oblique transverse bands of yellow or brown. It is about three and a half feet long. Called also straw cat. -- Pampas deer (Zo\'94l.), a small, reddish-brown, South American deer (Cervus, OR Blastocerus, campestris). -- Pampas grass (Bot.), a very tall ornamental grass (Gynerium argenteum) with a silvery-white silky panicle. It is a native of the pampas of South America. Pamper Pam"per (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pampered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pampering.] [Cf. LG. pampen, slampampen, to live luxuriously, pampe thick pap, and E. pap.] 1. To feed to the full; to feed luxuriously; to glut; as, to pamper the body or the appetite. "A body . . . pampered for corruption." Dr. T. Dwight. 2. To gratify inordinately; to indulge to excess; as, to pamper pride; to pamper the imagination. South. Pampered Pam"pered (?), a. Fed luxuriously; indulged to the full; hence, luxuriant. "Pampered boughs." Milton. "Pampered insolence." Pope. -- Pam"pered*ness, n. Bp. Hall. Pamperer Pam"per*er (?), n. One who, or that which, pampers. Cowper. Pamperize Pam"per*ize (?), v. t. To pamper. [R.] Sydney Smith. Pampero Pam*pe"ro (?), n.[Sp., fr. pampa a plain.] A violent wind from the west or southwest, which sweeps over the pampas of South America and the adjacent seas, often doing great damage. Sir W. Parish. Pamperos Pam*pe"ros (?), n. pl.; sing. Pampero (. [Sp. American.] (Ethnol.) A tribe of Indians inhabiting the pampas of South America. Pamphlet Pam"phlet (?), n. [OE. pamflet, pamfilet, paunflet, possibly fr. OF. palme the palm of the hand, F. paume (see Palm) + OF. fueillet a leaf, dim. of fueil, m., F. feuille, f., fr. L. folium, pl. folia, thus meaning, a leaf to be held in the hand; or perh. through old French, fr. L. Pamphila, a female historian of the first century who wrote many epitomes; prob., however, fr. OF. Pamflette, the Old French name given to Pamphilus, a poem in Latin verse of the 12th century, pamphlets being named from the popularity of this poem.] 1. A writing; a book. Testament of love. Sir Thomas More in his pamphlet of Richard the Third. Ascham. 2. A small book consisting of a few sheets of printed paper, stitched together, often with a paper cover, but not bound; a short essay or written discussion, usually on a subject of current interest. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1035 Pamphlet Pam"phlet (?), v. i. To write a pamphlet or pamphlets. [R.] Howell. Pamphleteer Pam`phlet*eer" (?), n. A writer of pamphlets; a scribbler. Dryden. Macaulay. Pamphleteer Pam`phlet*eer", v. i. To write or publish pamphlets. By pamphleteering we shall not win. C. Kingsley. Pampiniform Pam*pin"i*form (?), a. [L. pampinus a tendril + -form.] (Anat.) In the form of tendrils; -- applied especially to the spermatic and ovarian veins. Pampre Pam"pre (?), n. [F. pampre a vine branch, L. pampinus.] (Sculp.) An ornament, composed of vine leaves and bunches of grapes, used for decorating spiral columns. Pamprodactylous Pam`pro*dac"tyl*ous (?), a. [Pan- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Having all the toes turned forward, as the colies. Pan-, Panta-, Panto- Pan- (?), Pan"ta- (?), Pan"to- (?). [Gr. Combining forms signifying all, every; as, panorama, pantheism, pantagraph, pantograph. Pan- becomes pam- before b or p, as pamprodactylous. Pan Pan, n. [OE. See 2d Pane.] 1. A part; a portion. 2. (Fort.) The distance comprised between the angle of the epaule and the flanked angle. 3. [Perh. a different word.] A leaf of gold or silver. Pan Pan, v. t. & i. [Cf. F. pan skirt, lappet, L. pannus a cloth, rag, W. panu to fur, to full.] To join or fit together; to unite. [Obs.] Halliwell. Pan Pan (?), n. [Hind. p\'ben, Skr. parna leaf.] The betel leaf; also, the masticatory made of the betel leaf, etc. See . Pan Pan (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Gr. Myth.) The god of shepherds, guardian of bees, and patron of fishing and hunting. He is usually represented as having the head and trunk of a man, with the legs, horns, and tail of a goat, and as playing on the shepherd's pipe, which he is said to have invented. Pan Pan, n. [OE. panne, AS. panne; cf. D. pan, G. pfanne, OHG. pfanna, Icel., Sw., LL., & Ir. panna, of uncertain origin; cf. L. patina, E. paten.] 1. A shallow, open dish or vessel, usually of metal, employed for many domestic uses, as for setting milk for cream, for frying or baking food, etc.; also employed for various uses in manufacturing. "A bowl or a pan." Chaucer. 2. (Manuf.) A closed vessel for boiling or evaporating. See Vacuum pan, under Vacuum. 3. The part of a flintlock which holds the priming. 4. The skull, considered as a vessel containing the brain; the upper part of the head; the brainpan; the cranium. Chaucer. 5. (C A recess, or bed, for the leaf of a hinge. 6. The hard stratum of earth that lies below the soil. See Hard pan, under Hard. 7. A natural basin, containing salt or fresh water, or mud. Flash in the pan. See under Flash. -- To savor of the pan, to suggest the process of cooking or burning; in a theological sense, to be heretical. Ridley. Southey. Pan Pan, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Panned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Panning.] (Mining) To separate, as gold, from dirt or sand, by washing in a kind of pan. [U. S.] We . . . witnessed the process of cleaning up and panning out, which is the last process of separating the pure gold from the fine dirt and black sand. Gen. W. T. Sherman. Pan Pan, v. i. 1. (Mining) To yield gold in, or as in, the process of panning; -- usually with out; as, the gravel panned out richly. 2. To turn out (profitably or unprofitably); to result; to develop; as, the investigation, or the speculation, panned out poorly. [Slang, U. S.] <-- Pan v.t. & i., to scan (a movie camera), usu. in a horizontal direction, to obtain a panoramic effect; also, to move the camera so as to keep the subject in view. 2. to criticise (a drama or literary work) harshly. --> Panabase Pan"a*base (?), n. [Pan- + base. So called in allusion to the number of metals contained in it.] (Min.) Same as Tetrahedrite. Panacea Pan`a*ce"a (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. 1. A remedy for all diseases; a universal medicine; a cure-all; catholicon; hence, a relief or solace for affliction. 2. (Bot.) The herb allheal. Panacean Pan`a*ce"an (?), a. Having the properties of a panacea. [R.] "Panacean dews." Whitehead. Panache Pa*nache" (?), n. [F., fr. L. penna a feather. See Pen a feather.] A plume or bunch of feathers, esp. such a bunch worn on the helmet; any military plume, or ornamental group of feathers. A panache of variegated plumes. Prescott. Panada, Panade Pa*na"da (?), Pa*nade" (?), n. [Sp. panada, fr. L. panis bread: cf. F. panade. See Pantry.] Bread boiled in water to the consistence of pulp, and sweetened or flavored. [Written also panado.] Panade Pa*nade" (?), n. A dagger. [Obs.] Chaucer. Panama hat Pan`a*ma" hat` (?). A fine plaited hat, made in Central America of the young leaves of a plant (Carludovica palmata). Pan-American Pan`-A*mer"i*can (?), a. [See Pan-.] Of or pertaining to both North and South America. Pan-Anglican Pan`-An"gli*can (?), a. [Pan- + Anglican.] (Eccl.) Belonging to, or representing, the whole Church of England; used less strictly, to include the Protestant Episcopal Church of the United States; as, the Pan-Anglican Conference at Lambeth, in 1888. Panary Pan"a*ry (?), a. [L. panis bread.] Of or pertaining to bread or to breadmaking. Panary Pan"a*ry, n. A storehouse for bread. Halliwell. Pancake Pan"cake` (?), n. A thin cake of batter fried in a pan or on a griddle; a griddlecake; a flapjack. "A pancake for Shrove Tuesday." Shak. Pancarte Pan"carte` (?), n. [F., fr. LL. pancharta. See Pan-, and Carte.] A royal charter confirming to a subject all his possessions. [Obs.] Holinshed. Pance Pance (?), n. (Bot.) The pansy. [Also paunce.] Panch Panch (?), n. (Naut.) See Paunch. Panchway Panch"way (?), n. [Hind. pan.] (Naut.) A Bengalese four-oared boat for passengers. [Written also panshway and paunchwas.] Malcom. Pancratian Pan*cra"tian (?), a. Pancratic; athletic. Pancratiast Pan*cra"ti*ast (?), n. One who engaged in the contests of the pancratium. Pancratiastic Pan*cra`ti*as"tic (?), a. Of or pertaining to the pancratium. G. West. Pancratic Pan*crat"ic (?), a. [Gr. (Opt.) Having all or many degrees of power; having a great range of power; -- said of an eyepiece made adjustable so as to give a varying magnifying power. Pancratic, Pancratical Pan*crat"ic (?), Pan*crat"ic*al (?), a. [See Pancratium.] Of or pertaining to the pancratium; athletic. Sir T. Browne Pancratist Pan"cra*tist (?), n. An athlete; a gymnast. Pancratium Pan*cra"ti*um (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. 1. (Gr. Antiq.) An athletic contest involving both boxing and wrestling. 2. (Bot.) A genus of Old World amaryllideous bulbous plants, having a funnel-shaped perianth with six narrow spreading lobes. The American species are now placed in the related genus Hymenocallis. Pancreas Pan"cre*as (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. pancr\'82as.] (Anat.) The sweetbread, a gland connected with the intestine of nearly all vertebrates. It is usually elongated and light-colored, and its secretion, called the pancreatic juice, is discharged, often together with the bile, into the upper part of the intestines, and is a powerful aid in digestion. See Illust. of Digestive apparatus. Pancreatic Pan`cre*at"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. pancr\'82atique.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the pancreas; as, the pancreatic secretion, digestion, ferments. Pancreatic juice (Physiol.), a colorless alkaline fluid secreted intermittently by the pancreatic gland. It is one of the most important of the digestive fluids, containing at least three distinct ferments, trypsin, steapsin and an amylolytic ferment, by which it acts upon all three classes of food stuffs. See Pancreas. Pancreatin Pan"cre*a*tin (?), n. [See Pancreas.] (Physiol. Chem.) One of the digestive ferments of the pancreatic juice; also, a preparation containing such a ferment, made from the pancreas of animals, and used in medicine as an aid to digestion. NOTE: &hand; By so me th e te rm pa ncreatin is restricted to the amylolytic ferment of the pancreatic juice, by others it is applied to trypsin, and by still others to steapsin. Pancy Pan"cy (?), n. See Pansy. [Obs.] Dryden. Panda Pan"da (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small Asiatic mammal (Ailurus fulgens) having fine soft fur. It is related to the bears, and inhabits the mountains of Northern India. Pandanus Pan*da"nus (?), n. [NL., fr. Malay pandan.] (Bot.) A genus of endogenous plants. See Screw pine. Pandar Pan"dar (?), n. Same as Pander. "Seized by the pandar of Appius." Macaulay. Pandarism Pan"dar*ism (?), n. Same as Panderism. Swift. Pandarize Pan"dar*ize (?), v. i. To pander. [Obs.] Pandarous Pan"dar*ous (?), a. Panderous. [Obs.] Pandean Pan*de"an, a. [From 4th Pan.] Of or relating to the god Pan. Pandean pipes, a primitive wind instrument, consisting of a series of short hollow reeds or pipes, graduated in length by the musical scale, and fastened together side by side; a syrinx; a mouth organ; -- said to have been invented by Pan. Called also Pan's pipes and Panpipes.<-- also, pipes of Pan --> Pandect Pan"dect (?), n. [L. pandecta, pandectes, Gr. pandectes, pl.] 1. A treatise which comprehends the whole of any science. [Thou] a pandect mak'st, and universal book. Donne. 2. pl. The digest, or abridgment, in fifty books, of the decisions, writings, and opinions of the old Roman jurists, made in the sixth century by direction of the emperor Justinian, and forming the leading compilation of the Roman civil law. Kent. Pandemic Pan*dem"ic (?), a. [L. pandemus, Gr. pand\'82mique.] Affecting a whole people or a number of countries; everywhere epidemic. -- n. A pandemic disease. Harvey. Pandemonium Pan`de*mo"ni*um (?), n. [NL., from Gr. 1. The great hall or council chamber of demons or evil spirits. Milton. 2. An utterly lawless, riotous place or assemblage. Pander Pan"der (?), n. [From Pandarus, a leader in the Trojan army, who is represented by Chaucer and Shakespeare as having procured for Troilus the possession of Cressida.] 1. A male bawd; a pimp; a procurer. Thou art the pander to her dishonor. Shak. 2. Hence, one who ministers to the evil designs and passions of another. Those wicked panders to avarice and ambition. Burke. Pander Pan"der, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pandered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pandering.] To play the pander for. <-- pander to (base emotions), to achieve one's purpose by appealing to a person's base emotions (less noble desires), as lust, prejudice, hate; to exploit base emotions --> Pander Pan"der, v. i. To act the part of a pander. Panderage Pan"der*age (?), n. The act of pandering. Panderism Pan"der*ism (?), n. The employment, arts, or practices of a pander. Bp. Hall. Panderly Pan"der*ly, a. Having the quality of a pander. "O, you panderly rascals." Shak. Pandermite Pan*der"mite (?), n. [From Panderma, a port on the Black Sea from which it is exported.] (Min.) A hydrous borate of lime, near priceite. Panderous Pan"der*ous (?), Of or relating to a pander; characterizing a pander. Pandiculated Pan*dic"u*la`ted (?), a. [See Pandiculation.] Extended; spread out; stretched. Pandiculation Pan*dic`u*la"tion (?), n. [L. pandiculari to stretch one's self, fr. pandere to spread out.] A stretching and stiffening of the trunk and extremities, as when fatigued and drowsy. Pandit Pan"dit (?), n. See Pundit. Pandoor Pan"door (?) n. Same as Pandour. Pandora Pan*do"ra (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. Pandw`ra; pa^s, pa^n, all + dw^ron a gift.] 1. (Class. Myth.) A beautiful woman (all-gifted), whom Jupiter caused Vulcan to make out of clay in order to punish the human race, because Prometheus had stolen the fire from heaven. Jupiter gave Pandora a box containing all human ills, which, when the box was opened, escaped and spread over the earth. Hope alone remained in the box. Another version makes the box contain all the blessings of the gods, which were lost to men when Pandora opened it. 2. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of marine bivalves, in which one valve is flat, the other convex. Pandore Pan"dore (?), n. [F. See Bandore.] An ancient musical instrument, of the lute kind; a bandore. [Written also pandoran.]<-- a bandura? --> Pandour Pan"dour (?), n. One of a class of Hungarian mountaineers serving in the Austrian army; -- so called from Pandur, a principal town in the region from which they originally came. [Written also pandoor.] Her whiskered pandours and her fierce hussars. Campbell. Pandowdy Pan*dow"dy (?), n. A deep pie or pudding made of baked apples, or of sliced bread and apples baked together, with no bottom crust. Pandurate, Panduriform Pan"du*rate, Pan*du"ri*form (?), a. [L. pandura a pandore + -form: cf. F. panduriforme.] Obovate, with a concavity in each side, like the body of a violin; fiddle-shaped; as, a panduriform leaf; panduriform color markings of an animal. Pane Pane (?), n. [F. panne.] The narrow edge of a hammer head. See Peen. Pane Pane, n. [OE. pan part, portion of a thing, F. pan a skirt, lappet, part or piece of a wall, side, fr. L. pannus a cloth, fillet, rag; akin to E. vane. See Vane, and cf. Panel, Pawn pledge.] 1. A division; a distinct piece, limited part, or compartment of any surface; a patch; hence, a square of a checkered or plaided pattern. 2. One of the openings in a slashed garment, showing the bright colored silk, or the like, within; hence, the piece of colored or other stuff so shown. 3. (Arch.) (a) A compartment of a surface, or a flat space; hence, one side or face of a building; as, an octagonal tower is said to have eight panes. (b) Especially, in modern use, the glass in one compartment of a window sash. 4. In irrigating, a subdivision of an irrigated surface between a feeder and an outlet drain. 5. (a) One of the flat surfaces, or facets, of any object having several sides. (b) One of the eight facets surrounding the table of a brilliant cut diamond. Paned Paned (?), a. 1. Having panes; provided with panes; also, having openings; as, a paned window; paned window sash. "Paned hose." Massinger. 2. (Mach.) Having flat sides or surfaces; as, a sixpaned nut. Panegyric Pan`e*gyr"ic (?), n. [L. panegyricus, Gr. panhgyrico`s: cf. F. pan\'82gyrique. See Panegyric, a.] An oration or eulogy in praise of some person or achievement; a formal or elaborate encomium; a laudatory discourse; laudation. See Synonym of Eulogy. Panegyric, Panegyrical Pan`e*gyr"ic (?), Pan`e*gyr"ic*al (?), a. [L. panegyricus, Gr. panhgyrico`s, from pa^, pa^n all + Containing praise or eulogy; encomiastic; laudatory. "Panegyric strains." Pope. -- Pan`e*gyr"ic*al*ly, adv. Some of his odes are panegyrical. Dryden. Panegyris Pa*neg"y*ris (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Panegyric.] A festival; a public assembly. [Obs.] S. Harris. Panegyrist Pan"e*gyr`ist (?), n. [L. panegyrista, Gr. Panegyric.] One who delivers a panegyric; a eulogist; one who extols or praises, either by writing or speaking. If these panegyrists are in earnest. Burke. Panegyrize Pan"e*gy*rize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Panegyrized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Panegyrizing (?).] [Gr. Panegyrist.] To praise highly; to extol in a public speech; to write or deliver a panegyric upon; to eulogize. Panegyrize Pan"e*gy*rize, v. i. To indulge in panegyrics. Mitford. Panegyry Pan"e*gyr`y (?), n. A panegyric. [Obs.] Milton. Panel Pan"el (?), n. [Orig., a little piece; OF. panel, pannel, F. panneau, dim. of pan skirt, lappet, part or piece of a wall, side. See 2d Pane.] 1. (Arch.) A sunken compartment with raised margins, molded or otherwise, as in ceilings, wainscotings, etc. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1036 2. (Law) (a) A piece of parchment or a schedule, containing the names of persons summoned as jurors by the sheriff; hence, more generally, the whole jury. Blackstone. (b) (Scots Law) A prisoner arraigned for trial at the bar of a criminal court. Burrill. 3. Formerly, a piece of cloth serving as a saddle; hence, a soft pad beneath a saddletree to prevent chafing. 4. (Joinery) A board having its edges inserted in the groove of a surrounding frame; as, the panel of a door. 5. (Masonry) One of the faces of a hewn stone. Gwilt. 6. (Painting) A slab or plank of wood upon which, instead of canvas, a picture is painted. 7. (Mining) (a) A heap of dressed ore. (b) One of the districts divided by pillars of extra size, into which a mine is laid off in one system of extracting coal. 8. (Dressmaking) A plain strip or band, as of velvet or plush, placed at intervals lengthwise on the skirt of a dress, for ornament. 9. A portion of a framed structure between adjacent posts or struts, as in a bridge truss. Panel game, a method of stealing money in a panel house. -- Panel house, a house of prostitution in which the rooms have secret entrances to facilitate theft by accomplices of the inmates. -- Panel saw, handsaw with fine teeth, -- used for cutting out panels, etc. -- Panel thief, one who robs in a panel house. Panel Pan"el (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paneled (?) or Panelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Paneling or Panelling.] To form in or with panels; as, to panel a wainscot.<-- to put panels on (e.g. a wall) --> Paneled back (Arch.), the paneled work covering the window back. See Window back. Panelation Pan`el*a"tion (?), n. The act of impaneling a jury. [Obs.] [Written also panellation.] Wood. Paneless Pane"less (?), a. Without panes. To patch his paneless window. Shenstone. Paneling Pan"el*ing (?), n. A forming in panels; panelwork. [Written also panelling.] Panelwork Pan"el*work` (?), n. (Arch.) Wainscoting. Paneulogism Pan*eu"lo*gism (?), n. [See Pan-, Eulogy.] Eulogy of everything; indiscriminate praise. [R.] Her book has a trace of the cant of paneulogism. National Rev. Panful Pan"ful (?), n.; pl. Panfuls (#). [See 5th Pan.] Enough to fill a pan. Pang Pang (?), n. [Prob. for older prange. Cf. Prong.] A paroxysm of extreme pain or anguish; a sudden and transitory agony; a throe; as, the pangs of death. Syn. -- Agony; anguish; distress. See Agony. Pang Pang, v. t. To torture; to cause to have great pain or suffering; to torment. [R.] Shak. Pangenesis Pan*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Pan- + genesis.] (Biol.) An hypothesis advanced by Darwin in explanation of heredity. NOTE: &hand; Th e th eory re sts on the assumption, that the whole organization, in the sense of every separate atom or unit, reproduces itself, the cells throwing off minute granules called gemmules, which circulate freely throughout the system and multiply by subdivision. These gemmules collect in the reproductive organs and products, or in buds, so that the egg or bud contains gemmules from all parts of the parent or parents, which in development give rise to cells in the offspring similar to those from which they were given off in the parent. The hypothesis also assumes that these gemmules need not in all cases develop into cells, but may lie dormant, and be transmitted from generation to generation without producing a noticeable effect until a case of atavism occurs. <-- ingenious, but wrong. A hundred years later we are still only beginning to understand the development process. --> Pangenetic Pan`ge*net"ic (?), a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to pangenesis. Pangful Pang"ful (?), a. Full of pangs. Richardson. Pangless Pang"less, a. Without a pang; painless. Byron. Pangolin Pan"go*lin (?), n. [Malay pang.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of Manis, Pholidotus, and related genera, found in Africa and Asia. They are covered with imbricated scales, and feed upon ants. Called also scaly ant-eater. Pangothic Pan*goth"ic (?), a. [Pan- + Gothic.] Of, pertaining to, or including, all the Gothic races. "Ancestral Pangothic stock." Earle. Panhellenic Pan`hel*len"ic (?), a. [See Panhellenium.] Of or pertaining to all Greece, or to Panhellenism; including all Greece, or all the Greeks. Panhellenism Pan*hel"len*ism (?), n. A scheme to unite all the Greeks in one political body. Panhellenist Pan*hel"len*ist, n. An advocate of Panhellenism. Panhellenium Pan`hel*le"ni*um (?), n. [NL., from Gr. (Gr. Antiq.) An assembly or association of Greeks from all the states of Greece. Panic Pan"ic (?), n. [L. panicum.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus Panicum; panic grass; also, the edible grain of some species of panic grass. Panic grass (Bot.), any grass of the genus Panicum. Panic Pan"ic, a. [Gr. panique.] Extreme or sudden and causeless; unreasonable; -- said of fear or fright; as, panic fear, terror, alarm. "A panic fright." Dryden. Panic Pan"ic, n. [Gr. panigue. See Panic, a.] 1. A sudden, overpowering fright; esp., a sudden and groundless fright; terror inspired by a trifling cause or a misapprehension of danger; as, the troops were seized with a panic; they fled in a panic. 2. By extension: A sudden widespread fright or apprehension concerning financial affairs. Panical Pan"ic*al (?), a. See Panic, a. [Obs.] Camden. Panicle Pan"i*cle (?), n. [L. panicula a tuft on plants, dim. of panus the thread wound upon the bobbin in a shuttle; cf. Gr. pane: cf. F. panicule. See 2d Pane.] (Bot.) A pyramidal form of inflorescence, in which the cluster is loosely branched below and gradually simpler toward the end. <-- Illustr. of a panicle --> Panicled Pan"i*cled (?), a. (Bot.) Furnished with panicles; arranged in, or like, panicles; paniculate. Panic-stricken, Panic-struck Pan"ic-strick`en (?), Pan"ic-struck` (?), a. Struck with a panic, or sudden fear. Burke. Paniculate, Paniculated Pa*nic"u*late (?), Pa*nic"u*la`ted (?), a. [See Panicle.] (Bot) Same as Panicled. Panicum Pan"i*cum (?), n. [L., panic grass.] (Bot.) A genus of grasses, including several hundred species, some of which are valuable; panic grass. Panidiomorphic Pan*id`i*o*mor"phic (?), a. [Pan- + idiomorphic.] (Geol.) Having a completely idiomorphic structure; -- said of certain rocks. Panier Pan"ier (?), n. See Pannier, 3. [Obs.] Panification Pan`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. panis bread + -ficare (in comp.) to make: cf. F. panification.] The act or process of making bread. Ure. Panim Pa"nim (?), n. See Painim. [Obs.] Milton. Panislamism Pan*is"lam*ism (?), n. [Pan- + Islamism.] A desire or plan for the union of all Mohammedan nations for the conquest of the world. Panivorous Pa*niv"o*rous (?), a. [L. panis bread + vorare to devour.] Eating bread; subsisting on bread. Pannade Pan*nade" (?), n. The curvet of a horse. Pannage Pan"nage (?), n. [OF. pasnage, LL. pasnadium, pastinaticum, fr. pastionare to feed on mast, as swine, fr. L. pastio a pasturing, grazing. See Pastor.] (O. Eng. Law) (a) The food of swine in the woods, as beechnuts, acorns, etc.; -- called also pawns. (b) A tax paid for the privilege of feeding swine in the woods. Pannary Pan"na*ry (?), a. See Panary. Loudon. Pannel Pan"nel (?), n. [See Panel.] 1. A kind of rustic saddle. Tusser. 2. (Falconry) The stomach of a hawk. Ainsworth. 3. (Mil.) A carriage for conveying a mortar and its bed, on a march. Farrow. Pannier Pan"nier (?), n. [F. panier, fr. L. panarium a bread basket, fr. panis bread. Cf. Pantry.] 1. A bread basket; also, a wicker basket (used commonly in pairs) for carrying fruit or other things on a horse or an ass Hudibras. 2. (Mil. Antiq.) A shield of basket work formerly used by archers as a shelter from the enemy's missiles. 3. A table waiter at the Inns of Court, London. 4. A framework of steel or whalebone, worn by women to expand their dresses; a kind of bustle. Panniered Pan"niered (?), a. Bearing panniers. Wordsworth. Pannikel Pan"ni*kel (?), n. [See Pan a dish.] The brainpan, or skull; hence, the crest. [Obs.] Spenser. Pannikin Pan"ni*kin (?), n. [Dim. of pan a dish.] A small pan or cup. Marryat. Thackeray. Pannose Pan"nose` (?), a. [See Pannus.] (Bot.) Similar in texture or appearance to felt or woolen cloth. Pannus Pan"nus (?), n. [L., cloth. See 2d Pane.] (Med.) A very vascular superficial opacity of the cornea, usually caused by granulation of the eyelids. Foster. Panoistic Pan`o*is"tic (?), a. [Pan- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Producing ova only; -- said of the ovaries of certain insects which do not produce vitelligenous cells. Panomphean Pan`om*phe"an (?), a. [L. panomphaeus, Gr. Uttering ominous or prophetic voices; divining. [R.] We want no half gods, panomphean Joves. Mrs. Browning. Panoplied Pan"o*plied (?), a. Dressed in panoply. Panoply Pan"o*ply (?), n. [Gr. Defensive armor in general; a full suit of defensive armor. Milton. We had need to take the Christian panoply, to put on the whole armor of God. Ray. Panopticon Pa*nop"ti*con (?), n. [NL. See Pan-, and Optic.] 1. A prison so contructed that the inspector can see each of the prisoners at all times, without being seen. 2. A room for the exhibition of novelties. Panorama Pan`o*ra"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Pan-, and Wary.] 1. A complete view in every direction. 2. A picture presenting a view of objects in every direction, as from a central point. 3. A picture representing scenes too extended to be beheld at once, and so exhibited a part at a time, by being unrolled, and made to pass continuously before the spectator. Panoramic, Panoramical Pan`o*ram"ic (?), Pan`o*ram"ic*al (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or like, a panorama. Panoramic camera. See under Camera. Panorpian Pa*nor"pi*an (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Like, or pertaining to, the genus Panorpa. -- n. Same as Panorpid. Panorpid Pa*nor"pid (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any neuropterous insect of the genus Panorpa, and allied genera. The larv\'91 feed on plant lice. Panpharmacon Pan*phar"ma*con (?), n. [NL. See Pan-, and Pharmacon.] A medicine for all diseases; a panacea. [R.] Panpresbyterian Pan`pres`by*te"ri*an (?), a. [Pan- + Presbyterian.] Belonging to, or representative of, those who hold Presbyterian views in all parts of the world; as, a Panpresbyterian council. Pansclavic, Pansclavism, Pansclavist, Pansclavonian Pan`sclav"ic (?), Pan`sclav"ism (?), Pan`sclav"ist, Pan`scla*vo"ni*an (?). See Panslavic, Panslavism, etc. Panshon Pan"shon (?), n. An earthen vessel wider at the top than at the bottom, -- used for holding milk and for various other purposes. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Pansied Pan"sied (?), a. [From Pansy.] Covered or adorned with pansies. "The pansied grounds." Darwin. Panslavic Pan`slav"ic (?), a. [Pan- + Slavic.] Pertaining to all the Slavic races. Panslavism Pan`slav"ism (?), n. A scheme or desire to unite all the Slavic races into one confederacy. Panslavist Pan`slav"ist (?), n. One who favors Panslavism. Panslavonian Pan`sla*vo"ni*an (?), a. See Panslavic. Pansophical Pan*soph"ic*al (?), a. [See Pansophy.] All-wise; claiming universal knowledge; as, pansophical pretenders. [R.] John Worthington. Pansophy Pan"so*phy (?), n. [Pan- + Gr. pansophie.] Universal wisdom; esp., a system of universal knowledge proposed by Comenius (1592 -- 1671), a Moravian educator. [R.] Hartlib. Panspermatist, Panspermist Pan*sper"ma*tist (?), Pan"sper`mist (?), n. (Biol.) A believer in panspermy; one who rejects the theory of spontaneous generation; a biogenist. Panspermic Pan`sper"mic (?), a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to panspermy; as, the panspermic hypothesis. Panspermy Pan"sper`my (?), n. [Pan- + Gr. (Biol.) (a) The doctrine of the widespread distribution of germs, from which under favorable circumstances bacteria, vibrios, etc., may develop. (b) The doctrine that all organisms must come from living parents; biogenesis; -- the opposite of spontaneous generation. Panstereorama Pan*ste`re*o*ra"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. A model of a town or country, in relief, executed in wood, cork, pasteboard, or the like. Brande & C. Pansy Pan"sy (?), n.; pl. Pansies (#). [F. Pens\'82e thought, pansy, fr. penser to think, L. pensare to weigh, ponder. See Pensive.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus Viola (V. tricolor) and its blossom, originally purple and yellow. Cultivated varieties have very large flowers of a great diversity of colors. Called also heart's-ease, love-in-idleness, and many other quaint names. Pant Pant (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Panted; p. pr. & vb. n. Panting.] [Cf. F. panteler to gasp for breath, OF. panteisier to be breathless, F. pantois out of breath; perh. akin to E. phantom, the verb prob. orig. meaning, to have the nightmare.] 1. To breathe quickly or in a labored manner, as after exertion or from eagerness or excitement; to respire with heaving of the breast; to gasp. Pluto plants for breath from out his cell. Dryden. 2. Hence: To long eagerly; to desire earnestly. As the hart panteth after the water brooks. Ps. xlii. 1. Who pants for glory finds but short repose. Pope. 3. To beat with unnatural violence or rapidity; to palpitate, or throb; -- said of the heart. Spenser. 4. To sigh; to flutter; to languish. [Poetic] The whispering breeze Pants on the leaves, and dies upon the trees. Pope. Pant Pant, v. t. 1. To breathe forth quickly or in a labored manner; to gasp out. There is a cavern where my spirit Was panted forth in anguish. Shelley. 2. To long for; to be eager after. [R.] Then shall our hearts pant thee. Herbert. Pant Pant, n. 1. A quick breathing; a catching of the breath; a gasp. Drayton. 2. A violent palpitation of the heart. Shak. Panta- Pan"ta- (?). See Pan-. Pantable Pan"ta*ble (?), n. See Pantofle. [Obs.] Pantacosm Pan"ta*cosm (?), n. [Panta- + Gr. See Cosmolabe. Pantagraph Pan"ta*graph (?), n. See Pantograph. Pantagruelism Pan*tag"ru*el*ism (?), n. [From Pantagruel, one of the characters of Rabelais.] 1. The theory or practice of the medical profession; -- used in burlesque or ridicule. 2. An assumption of buffoonery to cover some serious purpose. [R.] Donaldson. Pantalet Pan`ta*let" (?), n. [Dim. of pantal.] One of the legs of the loose drawers worn by children and women; particularly, the lower part of such a garment, coming below the knee, often made in a separate piece; -- chiefly in the plural. Pantaloon Pan`ta*loon" (?), n. [F. pantalon, fr. It. pantalone, a masked character in the Italian comedy, who wore breeches and stockings that were all of one piece, from Pantaleone, the patron saint of Venice, which, as a baptismal name, is very frequent among the Venetians, and is applied to them by the other Italians as a nickname, fr. Gr. 1. Aridiculous character, or an old dotard, in the Italian comedy; also, a buffoon in pantomimes. Addison. The sixth age shifts Into the lean and slippered pantaloon. Shak. 2. pl. A bifurcated garment for a man, covering the body from the waist downwards, and consisting of breeches and stockings in one. 3. pl. In recent times, same as Trousers. Pantaloonery Pan`ta*loon"er*y (?), n. 1. The character or performances of a pantaloon; buffoonery. [R.] Lamb. 2. Materials for pantaloons. Pantamorph Pan"ta*morph (?), n. That which assumes, or exists in, all forms. Pantamorphic Pan`ta*mor"phic (?), a. [Panta- + Gr. Taking all forms. Pantascope Pan"ta*scope (?), n. [Panta- + -scope.] (Photog.) A pantascopic camera. Pantascopic Pan`ta*scop"ic (?), a. Viewing all; taking a view of the whole. See under Camera. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1037 Pantastomata Pan`ta*stom"a*ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) One of the divisions of Flagellata, including the monads and allied forms. Pantechnicon Pan*tech"ni*con (?), n. [NL. See Pan-, and Technic.] A depository or place where all sorts of manufactured articles are collected for sale. Pantelegraph Pan*tel"e*graph (?), n. [Pan- + telegraph.] See under Telegraph. Panter Pant"er (?), n. One who pants. Congreve. Panter Pan"ter (?), n.[F. panetier. See Pantry.] A keeper of the pantry; a pantler. [Obs.] Tyndale. Panter Pan"ter, n. [See Painter a rope.] A net; a noose. [Obs.] Chaucer. Panteutonic Pan`teu*ton"ic (?), a. [Pan- + Teutonic.] Of or pertaining to all the Teutonic races. Pantheism Pan"the*ism (?), n. [Pan- + theism.] The doctrine that the universe, taken or conceived of as a whole, is God; the doctrine that there is no God but the combined force and laws which are manifested in the existing universe; cosmotheism. Pantheist Pan"the*ist, n. One who holds to pantheism. Pantheistic, Pantheistical Pan`the*is"tic (?), Pan`the*is"tic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to pantheism; founded in, or leading to, pantheism. -- Pan`the*is"tic*al*ly, adv. Pantheologist Pan`the*ol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in pantheology. Pantheology Pan`the*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Pan- + theology.] A system of theology embracing all religions; a complete system of theology. Pantheon Pan*the"on (?), n. [L. pantheon, pantheum, Gr. panth\'82on. See Pan-, and Theism.] 1. A temple dedicated to all the gods; especially, the building so called at Rome. 2. The collective gods of a people, or a work treating of them; as, a divinity of the Greek pantheon. Panther Pan"ther (?), n. [OE. pantere, F. panth\'8are, L. panthera, Gr. pundr\'c6ka a tiger.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) A large dark-colored variety of the leopard, by some zo\'94logists considered a distinct species. It is marked with large ringlike spots, the centers of which are darker than the color of the body. 2. (Zo\'94l.) In America, the name is applied to the puma, or cougar, and sometimes to the jaguar. <-- Illustr. of Panther (Felis leopardus, or pardus) --> Panther cat (Zo\'94l.), the ocelot. -- Panther cowry (Zo\'94l.), a spotted East Indian cowry (Cypr\'91a pantherina); -- so called from its color. Pantheress Pan"ther*ess, n. (Zo\'94l.) A female panther. Pantherine Pan"ther*ine (?), a. Like a panther, esp. in color; as, the pantherine snake (Ptyas mucosus) of Brazil. Pantile Pan"tile` (?), n. [5th pan + tile.] (Arch.) A roofing tile, of peculiar form, having a transverse section resembling an elongated S laid on its side ( Pantingly Pant"ing*ly (?), adv. With palpitation or rapid breathing. Shak. Pantisocracy Pan`ti*soc"ra*cy (?), n. [Panto- + Gr. A Utopian community, in which all should rule equally, such as was devised by Coleridge, Lovell, and Southey, in their younger days. Pantisocrat Pan*tis"o*crat (?), n. A pantisocratist. Pantisocratic Pan`ti*so*crat"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to a pantisocracy. Pantisocratist Pan`ti*soc"ra*tist (?), n. One who favors or supports the theory of a pantisocracy. Macaulay. Pantler Pan"tler (?), n. [F. panetier. See Panter, Pantry.] The servant or officer, in a great family, who has charge of the bread and the pantry. [Obs.] Shak. Panto- Pan"to- (?). See Pan-. Pantochronometer Pan`to*chro*nom"e*ter (?), n. [Panto- + chronometer.] An instrument combining a compass, sundial, and universal time dial. Brande & C. Pantofle Pan*to"fle (?), n. [F. pantoufle.] A slipper for the foot. [Written also pantable and pantoble.] Pantograph Pan"to*graph (?), n. [Panto- + -graph: cf. F. pantographe.] An instrument for copying plans, maps, and other drawings, on the same, or on a reduced or an enlarged, scale. [Written also pantagraph, and incorrectly pentagraph.] <-- 2. an electrical trolley supported by a collapsible frame, resembling a pantograph (1). --> Skew pantograph, a kind of pantograph for drawing a copy which is inclined with respect to the original figure; -- also called plagiograph. Pantographic, Pantographical Pan`to*graph"ic (?), Pan`to*graph"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. pantographique.] Of or pertaining to a pantograph; relating to pantography. Pantography Pan*tog"ra*phy (?), n. [Cf. F. pantographie.] A general description; entire view of an object. Pantological Pan`to*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to pantology. Pantologist Pan*tol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in pantology; a writer of pantology. Pantology Pan*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Panto- + -logy.] A systematic view of all branches of human knowledge; a work of universal information. Pantometer Pan*tom"e*ter (?), n. [Panto- + -meter: cf. F. pantom\'8atre.] An instrument for measuring angles for determining elevations, distances, etc. Pantometry Pan*tom"e*try (?), n. Universal measurement. [R.] -- Pan`to*met"ric (#), a. [R.] Pantomime Pan"to*mime (?), n. [F., fr. L. pantomimus, Gr. pantomimo. See Mimic.] 1. A universal mimic; an actor who assumes many parts; also, any actor. [Obs.] 2. One who acts his part by gesticulation or dumb show only, without speaking; a pantomimist. [He] saw a pantomime perform so well that he could follow the performance from the action alone. Tylor. 3. A dramatic representation by actors who use only dumb show; hence, dumb show, generally. 4. A dramatic and spectacular entertainment of which dumb acting as well as burlesque dialogue, music, and dancing by Clown, Harlequin, etc., are features. Pantomime Pan"to*mime, a. Representing only in mute actions; pantomimic; as, a pantomime dance. Pantomimic, Pantomimical Pan`to*mim"ic (?), Pan`to*mim"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. pantomimique.] Of or pertaining to the pantomime; representing by dumb show. "Pantomimic gesture." Bp. Warburton. -- Pan`to*mim"ic*al*ly, adv. Pantomimist Pan"to*mi`mist (?), n. An actor in pantomime; also, a composer of pantomimes. Panton Pan"ton (?), n. [F. patin. See Patten.] (Far.) A horseshoe to correct a narrow, hoofbound heel. Pantophagist Pan*toph"a*gist (?), n. [See Pantophagous.] A person or an animal that has the habit of eating all kinds of food. Pantophagous Pan*toph"a*gous (?), a. [Gr. Eating all kinds of food. Pantophagy Pan*toph"a*gy (?), n. [Gr. The habit or power of eating all kinds of food. Pantopoda Pan*top"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL. See Panto-, & -poda.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Pycnogonida. Pantoscopic Pan`to*scop"ic (?), a. [Panto- + -scope + -ic.] Literally, seeing everything; -- a term applied to eyeglasses or spectacles divided into two segments, the upper being designed for distant vision, the lower for vision of near objects.<-- = bifocal --> Pantry Pan"try (?), n.; pl. Pantries (#). [OE. pantrie, F. paneterie, fr. panetier pantler, LL. panetarius baker, panetus small loaf of bread, L. panis bread. Cf. Company, Pannier, Pantler.] An apartment or closet in which bread and other provisions are kept. Panurgic Pan*ur"gic (?), a. [Cf. Gr. Skilled in all kinds of work. "The panurgic Diderot." J. Morley. Panurgy Pan"ur*gy (?), n. [Gr. Skill in all kinds of work or business; craft. [R.] Bailey. Panyard Pan"yard (?), n. See Pannier. [Obs.] Pepys. Panym Pa"nym (?), n. & a. See Panim. [Obs.] Panzoism Pan*zo"ism (?), n. [Pan- + Gr. (Biol.) A term used to denote all of the elements or factors which constitute vitality or vital energy. H. Spencer. Paolo Pa"o*lo (?), n. [It. Cf. Paul.] An old Italian silver coin, worth about ten cents. Pap Pap (?), n. [Cf. OSw. papp. Cf. Pap soft food.] 1. (Anat.) A nipple; a mammilla; a teat. Dryden. The paps which thou hast sucked. Luke xi. 27. 2. A rounded, nipplelike hill or peak; anything resembling a nipple in shape; a mamelon. Macaulay. Pap Pap, n. [Cf. D. pap, G. pappe, both perh. fr. L. papa, pappa, the word with which infants call for food: cf. It. pappa.] 1. A soft food for infants, made of bread boiled or softtened in milk or water. 2. Nourishment or support from official patronage; as, treasury pap. [Colloq. & Contemptuous] 3. The pulp of fruit. Ainsworth. Pap Pap, v. t. To feed with pap. Beau. & Fl. Papa Pa*pa" (?), n. [F. papa, L. papa; cf. Gr. Pope.] 1. A child's word for father. 2. A parish priest in the Greek Church. Shipley. Papabote Pa`pa*bo"te (?), n. [Probably of Creole origin.] (Zo\'94l.) The upland plover. [Local, U. S.] Papacy Pa"pa*cy (?), n. [LL. papatia, fr. L. papa a father, bishop. See Pope.] 1. The office and dignity of the pope, or pontiff, of Rome; papal jurisdiction. 2. The popes, collectively; the succession of popes. 3. The Roman Catholic religion; -- commonly used by the opponents of the Roman Catholics in disparagement or in an opprobrious sense. Papagay Pap"a*gay (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Popinjay, 1 (b). Papain Pa*pa"in (?), n. [From Papaw.] (Physiol. Chem.) A proteolytic ferment, like trypsin, present in the juice of the green fruit of the papaw (Carica Papaya) of tropical America. Papal Pa"pal (?), a. [F., fr. L. papa bishop. See Papacy.] 1. Of or pertaining to the pope of Rome; proceeding from the pope; ordered or pronounced by the pope; as, papal jurisdiction; a papal edict; the papal benediction. Milman. 2. Of or pertaining to the Roman Catholic Church. "Papal Christians." Bp. Burnet. Papal cross. See Illust. 3 of Cross. -- Papal crown, the tiara. Papalist Pa"pal*ist (?), n. A papist. [Obs.] Baxter. Papality Pa*pal"i*ty (?), n. [LL. papalitas: cf. F. papaut\'82.] The papacy. [Obs.] Ld. Berners. Milton. Papalize Pa"pal*ize (?), v. t. To make papal. [R.] Papalize Pa"pal*ize, v. i. To conform to popery. Cowper. Papally Pa"pal*ly, adv. In a papal manner; popishly Papalty Pa"pal*ty (?), n. The papacy. [Obs.] Milton. Papaphobia Pa`pa*pho"bi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. L. papa bishop + Gr. Intense fear or dread of the pope, or of the Roman Catholic Church. [R.] Paparchy Pa"par*chy (?), n. [L. papa bishop + -archy.] Government by a pope; papal rule. Papaver Pa*pa"ver (?), n. [L., poppy.] (Bot.) A genus of plants, including the poppy. Papaveraceous Pa*pav`er*a"ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a natural order of plants (Papaverace\'91) of which the poppy, the celandine, and the bloodroot are well-known examples. Papaverine Pa*pav"er*ine (?), n. (Chem.) An alkaloid found in opium. It has a weaker therapeutic action than morphine. Papaverous Pa*pav"er*ous (?), a. Of or pertaining to the poppy; of the nature of the poppy. Sir T. Browne. Papaw Pa*paw" (?), n. [Prob. from the native name in the West Indies; cf. Sp. papayo papaw, papaya the fruit of the papaw.] [Written also pawpaw.] 1. (Bot.) A tree (Carica Papaya) of tropical America, belonging to the order Passiflore\'91. It has a soft, spongy stem, eighteen or twenty feet high, crowned with a tuft of large, long-stalked, palmately lobed leaves. The milky juice of the plant is said to have the property of making meat tender. Also, its dull orange-colored, melon-shaped fruit, which is eaten both raw and cooked or pickled.<-- juice contains papain, a protease? --> 2. (Bot.) A tree of the genus Asimina (A. triloba), growing in the western and southern parts of the United States, and producing a sweet edible fruit; also, the fruit itself. Gray. Papboat Pap"boat` (?), n. 1. A kind of sauce boat or dish. 2. (Zo\'94l.) A large spiral East Indian marine shell (Turbinella rapha); -- so called because used by native priests to hold the oil for anointing. Pape Pape (?), n. [Cf. F. pape, fr. L. papa. See Pope.] A spiritual father; specifically, the pope. [Obs.] Papejay Pa"pe*jay (?), n. A popinjay. [Obs.] Chaucer. Paper Pa"per (?), n. [F. papier, fr. L. papyrus papyrus, from which the Egyptians made a kind of paper, Gr. Papyrus.] 1. A substance in the form of thin sheets or leaves intended to be written or printed on, or to be used in wrapping. It is made of rags, straw, bark, wood, or other fibrous material, which is first reduced to pulp, then molded, pressed, and dried. 2. A sheet, leaf, or piece of such substance. 3. A printed or written instrument; a document, essay, or the like; a writing; as, a paper read before a scientific society. They brought a paper to me to be signed. Dryden. 4. A printed sheet appearing periodically; a newspaper; a journal; as, a daily paper. 5. Negotiable evidences of indebtedness; notes; bills of exchange, and the like; as, the bank holds a large amount of his paper. 6. Decorated hangings or coverings for walls, made of paper. See Paper hangings, below. 7. A paper containing (usually) a definite quantity; as, a paper of pins, tacks, opium, etc. 8. A medicinal preparation spread upon paper, intended for external application; as, cantharides paper. NOTE: &hand; Pa per is ma nufactured in sheets, the trade names of which, together with the regular sizes in inches, are shown in the following table. But paper makers vary the size somewhat. <-- insert table of paper trade names and sizes --> NOTE: In th e manufacture of books, etc., a sheet, of whatever size originally, is termed, when folded once, a folio; folded twice, a quarto, or 4to; three times, an octavo, or 8vo; four times, a sextodecimo, or 16mo; five times, a 32mo; three times, with an offcut folded twice and set in, a duodecimo, or 12mo; four times, with an offcut folded three times and set in, a 24mo. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1038 NOTE: &hand; Pa per is of ten us ed adjectively or in combination, having commonly an obvious signification; as, paper cutter or paper-cutter; paper knife, paper-knife, or paperknife; paper maker, paper-maker, or papermaker; paper mill or paper-mill; paper weight, paper-weight, or paperweight, etc. Business paper, checks, notes, drafts, etc., given in payment of actual indebtedness; -- opposed to accommodation paper. -- Fly paper, paper covered with a sticky preparation, -- used for catching flies. -- Laid paper. See under Laid. -- Paper birch (Bot.), the canoe birch tree (Betula papyracea). -- Paper blockade, an ineffective blockade, as by a weak naval force. -- Paper boat (Naut.), a boat made of water-proof paper. -- Paper car wheel (Railroad), a car wheel having a steel tire, and a center formed of compressed paper held between two plate-iron disks. Forney. -- Paper credit, credit founded upon evidences of debt, such as promissory notes, duebills, etc. -- Paper hanger, one who covers walls with paper hangings. -- Paper hangings, paper printed with colored figures, or otherwise made ornamental, prepared to be pasted against the walls of apartments, etc.; wall paper. -- Paper house, an audience composed of people who have come in on free passes. [Cant] -- Paper money, notes or bills, usually issued by government or by a banking corporation, promising payment of money, and circulated as the representative of coin. -- Paper mulberry. (Bot.) See under Mulberry. -- Paper muslin, glazed muslin, used for linings, etc. -- Paper nautilus. (Zo\'94l.) See Argonauta. -- Paper reed (Bot.), the papyrus. -- Paper sailor. (Zo\'94l.) See Argonauta. -- Paper stainer, one who colors or stamps wall paper. De Colange. -- Paper wasp (Zo\'94l.), any wasp which makes a nest of paperlike material, as the yellow jacket. -- Paper weight, any object used as a weight to prevent loose papers from being displaced by wind, or otherwise. -- Parchment paper. See Papyrine. -- Tissue paper, thin, gauzelike paper, such as is used to protect engravings in books. -- Wall paper. Same as Paper hangings, above. -- Waste paper, paper thrown aside as worthless or useless, except for uses of little account. -- Wove paper, a writing paper with a uniform surface, not ribbed or watermarked.<-- paper tiger, a person or group that appears to be powerful and dangerous but is in fact weak and ineffectual --> Paper Pa"per (?), a. Of or pertaining to paper; made of paper; resembling paper; existing only on paper; unsubstantial; as, a paper box; a paper army. Paper Pa"per, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Papered(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Papering.] 1. To cover with paper; to furnish with paper hangings; as, to paper a room or a house. 2. To fold or inclose in paper. 3. To put on paper; to make a memorandum of. [Obs.] Paperweight Pa"per*weight` (?), n. See under Paper, n. Papery Pa"per*y (?), a. Like paper; having the thinness or consistence of paper. Gray. Papescent Pa*pes"cent (?), a. [From Pap soft food.] Containing or producing pap; like pap. [R.] Arbuthnot. Papess Pa"pess (?), n. [F. papesse.] A female pope; i. e., the fictitious pope Joan. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Papeterie Pa`pe*terie" (?), n. [F., paper manufacture, fr. papier paper.] A case or box containing paper and materials for writing. Paphian Pa"phi*an (?), a. [L. Paphius, Gr. Of or pertaining to Paphos, an ancient city of Cyprus, having a celebrated temple of Venus; hence, pertaining to Venus, or her rites. Paphian Pa"phi*an, n. A native or inhabitant of Paphos. Papier-mach\'82 Pa`pier"-ma`ch\'82" (?), n. [F. papier m\'83ch\'82, lit., chewed or mashed paper.] A hard and strong substance made of a pulp from paper, mixed with sise or glue, etc. It is formed into various articles, usually by means of molds. Papilio Pa*pil"i*o (?), n. [L., a butterfly.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of butterflies. NOTE: &hand; Fo rmerly it in cluded numerous species which are now placed in other genera. By many writers it is now restricted to the swallow-tailed butterflies, like Papilio polyxenes, or asterias, and related species. Papilionaceous Pa*pil`io*na"ceous (?), a. 1. Resembling the butterfly. 2. (Bot.) (a) Having a winged corolla somewhat resembling a butterfly, as in the blossoms of the bean and pea. (b) Belonging to that suborder of leguminous plants (Papilionace\'91) which includes the bean, pea, vetch, clover, and locust. Papiliones Pa*pil`i*o"nes (?), n. pl. [NL. See Papilio.] (Zo\'94l.) The division of Lepidoptera which includes the butterflies. Papilionides Pa*pil`i*on"i*des (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) The typical butterflies. Papilla Pa*pil"la (?), n.; pl. Papill\'91 (#). [L., a nipple, pimple.] Any minute nipplelike projection; as, the papill\'91 of the tongue. Papillar Pap"il*lar (?), a. [Cf. F. papillaire.] Same as Papillose. Papillary Pap"il*la*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. papillaire.] Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a papilla or papill\'91; bearing, or covered with, papill\'91; papillose. Papillate Pap"il*late (?), v. t. & i. To cover with papill\'91; to take the form of a papilla, or of papill\'91. Papillate Pap"il*late (?), a. Same as Papillose. Papilliform Pa*pil"li*form (?), a. [Papilla + -form.] Shaped like a papilla; mammilliform. Papilloma Pap`il*lo"ma (?), n.; pl. Papillomata (#). [NL. See Papilla, and -Oma.] (Med.) A tumor formed by hypertrophy of the papill\'91 of the skin or mucous membrane, as a corn or a wart. Quain. Papillomatous Pap`il*lo"ma*tous (?), a. (Med.) Of, pertaining to, or consisting of, papillomata. Papillose Pap"il*lose` (?), a. [Cf. F. papilleux.] Covered with, or bearing, papill\'91; resembling papill\'91; papillate; papillar; papillary. Papillote Pap"il*lote (?), n. [F., fr. papillon a butterfly.] a small piece of paper on which women roll up their hair to make it curl; a curl paper. Papillous Pap"il*lous (?), a. Papillary; papillose. Papillulate Pa*pil"lu*late (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having a minute papilla in the center of a larger elevation or depression. Papion Pa"pi*on (?), n. [Prob. from native name: cf. Sp. papion.] (Zo\'94l.) A West African baboon (Cynocephalus sphinx), allied to the chacma. Its color is generally chestnut, varying in tint. Papism Pa"pism (?), n. [F. papisme. See Pape, Pope.] Popery; -- an offensive term. Milton. Papist Pa"pist (?), n. [F. papiste. See Pape, Pope.] A Roman catholic; one who adheres to the Church of Rome and the authority of the pope; -- an offensive designation applied to Roman Catholics by their opponents. Papistic, Papistical Pa*pis"tic (?), Pa*pis"tic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. papistique.] Of or pertaining to the Church of Rome and its doctrines and ceremonies; pertaining to popery; popish; -- used disparagingly. "The old papistic worship." T. Warton. -- Pa*pis"tic*al*ly, adv. Papistry Pa"pist*ry (?), n. The doctrine and ceremonies of the Church of Rome; popery. [R.] Whitgift. Papized Pa"pized (?), a. [From Pape.] Conformed to popery. [Obs.] "Papized writers." Fuller. Papoose Pa*poose" (?), n. A babe or young child of Indian parentage in North America. Pappiform Pap"pi*form (?), a. (Bot.) Resembling the pappus of composite plants. Pappoose Pap*poose" (?), n. Same as Papoose. Pappoose root. (Bot.) See Cohosh. Pappose Pap*pose" (?) a. (Bot.) Furnished with a pappus; downy. Pappous Pap"pous (?), a. (Bot.) Pappose. Pappus Pap"pus (?), n. [L., an old man or grandfather; hence, a substance resembling gray hairs, Gr. (Bot.) The hairy or feathery appendage of the achenes of thistles, dandelions, and most other plants of the order Composit\'91; also, the scales, awns, or bristles which represent the calyx in other plants of the same order. Pappy Pap"py (?), a. [From Pap soft food.] Like pap; soft; succulent; tender. Ray. Papuan Pap"u*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Papua. Papuars Pap"u*ars (?), n. pl.; sing. Papuan (. (Ethnol.) The native black race of Papua or New Guinea, and the adjacent islands. Papula Pap"u*la (?), n.; pl. Papul\'91 (#). [L.] 1. (Med.) A pimple; a small, usually conical, elevation of the cuticle, produced by congestion, accumulated secretion, or hypertrophy of tissue; a papule. Quain. 2. (Zo\'94l.) One of the numerous small hollow processes of the integument between the plates of starfishes. Papular Pap"u*lar (?), a. 1. Covered with papules. 2. (Med.) Consisting of papules; characterized by the presence of papules; as, a papular eruption. Papule Pap"ule (?), n.; pl. Papules (. Same as Papula. Papulose Pap"u*lose` (?), a. (Biol.) Having papul\'91; papillose; as, a papulose leaf. Papulous Pap"u*lous (?), a. [Cf. F. pap.] Covered with, or characterized by, papul\'91; papulose. Papyraceous Pap`y*ra"ceous (?), a. [L. papyraceus made of papyrus.] Made of papyrus; of the consistency of paper; papery. Papyrean Pa*pyr"e*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to papyrus, or to paper; papyraceous. Papyrine Pap"y*rine (?), n. [Cf. F. papyrin made of paper. See Paper.] Imitation parchment, made by soaking unsized paper in dilute sulphuric acid. Papyrograph Pa*pyr"o*graph (?), n. [Papyrus + -graph.] An apparatus for multiplying writings, drawings, etc., in which a paper stencil, formed by writing or drawing with corrosive ink, is used. The word is also used of other means of multiplying copies of writings, drawings, etc. See Copygraph, Hectograph, Manifold. Papyrography Pap`y*rog"ra*phy (?), n. The process of multiplying copies of writings, etc., by means of the papyrograph. -- Pap`y*ro*graph"ic (#), a. Papyrus Pa*py"rus (?), n.; pl. Papyri (#). [L., fr. Gr. Paper.] 1. (Bot.) A tall rushlike plant (Cyperus Papyrus) of the Sedge family, formerly growing in Egypt, and now found in Abyssinia, Syria, Sicily, etc. The stem is triangular and about an inch thick. 2. The material upon which the ancient Egyptians wrote. It was formed by cutting the stem of the plant into thin longitudinal slices, which were gummed together and pressed. 3. A manuscript written on papyrus; esp., pl., written scrolls made of papyrus; as, the papyri of Egypt or Herculaneum. P\'83que P\'83que (?), n. [F. p\'83que.] See Pasch and Easter. Par Par (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Parr. Par Par, prep. [F., fr. L. per. See Per.] By; with; -- used frequently in Early English in phrases taken from the French, being sometimes written as a part of the word which it governs; as, par amour, or paramour; par cas, or parcase; par fay, or parfay. Par Par (?), n. [L. par, adj., equal. See Peer an equal.] 1. Equal value; equality of nominal and actual value; the value expressed on the face or in the words of a certificate of value, as a bond or other commercial paper. 2. Equality of condition or circumstances. At par, at the original price; neither at a discount nor at a premium. -- Above par, at a premium. -- Below par, at a discount. -- On a par, on a level; in the same condition, circumstances, position, rank, etc.; as, their pretensions are on a par; his ability is on a par with his ambition. -- Par of exchange. See under Exchange. -- Par value, nominal value; face value. Para- Par"a- (?). [Gr. for- in forgive. Cf. For-.] 1. A prefix signifying alongside of, beside, beyond, against, amiss; as parable, literally, a placing beside; paradox, that which is contrary to opinion; parachronism. 2. (Chem.) A prefix denoting: (a) Likeness, similarity, or connection, or that the substance resembles, but is distinct from, that to the name of which it is prefixed; as paraldehyde, paraconine, etc.; also, an isomeric modification. (b) Specifically: (Organ. Chem.) That two groups or radicals substituted in the benzene nucleus are opposite, or in the respective positions 1 and 4; 2 and 5; or 3 and 6, as paraxylene; paroxybenzoic acid. Cf. Ortho-, and Meta-. Also used adjectively. Para Pa*ra" (?), n. [Turk., fr. Per. p\'berah a piece.] A piece of Turkish money, usually copper, the fortieth part of a piaster, or about one ninth of a cent. Parabanic Par`a*ban"ic (?), a. [Gr. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, a nitrogenous acid which is obtained by the oxidation of uric acid, as a white crystalline substance (C3N2H2O3); -- also called oxalyl urea. Parablast Par"a*blast (?), n. [Cf. Gr. Para-, and -blast.] (Biol.) A portion of the mesoblast (of peripheral origin) of the developing embryo, the cells of which are especially concerned in forming the first blood and blood vessels. C. S. Minot. Parablastic Par`a*blas"tic (?), a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to the parablast; as, the parablastic cells. Parable Par"a*ble (?), a. [L. parabilis, fr. parare to provide.] Procurable. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Parable Par"a*ble, n. [F. parabole, L. parabola, fr. Gr. gal to drop. Cf. Emblem, Gland, Palaver, Parabola, Parley, Parabole, Symbol.] A comparison; a similitude; specifically, a short fictitious narrative of something which might really occur in life or nature, by means of which a moral is drawn; as, the parables of Christ. Chaucer. Declare unto us the parable of the tares. Matt. xiii. 36. Syn. -- See Allegory, and Note under Apologue. Parable Par"a*ble, v. t. To represent by parable. [R.] Which by the ancient sages was thus parabled. Milton. Parabola Pa*rab"o*la (?), n.; pl. Parabolas (#). [NL., fr. Gr. Parable, and cf. Parabole.] (Geom.) (a) A kind of curve; one of the conic sections formed by the intersection of the surface of a cone with a plane parallel to one of its sides. It is a curve, any point of which is equally distant from a fixed point, called the focus, and a fixed straight line, called the directrix. See Focus. (b) One of a group of curves defined by the equation y = axn where n is a positive whole number or a positive fraction. For the cubical parabola n = 3; for the semicubical parabola n = . See under Cubical, and Semicubical. The parabolas have infinite branches, but no rectilineal asymptotes. Parabole Pa*rab"o*le (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. Parable.] (Rhet.) Similitude; comparison. Parabolic, Parabolical Par`a*bol"ic (?), Par`a*bol"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. parabolique. See Parable.] 1. Of the nature of a parable; expressed by a parable or figure; allegorical; as, parabolical instruction. 2. [From Parabola.] (Geom.) (a) Having the form or nature of a parabola; pertaining to, or resembling, a parabola; as, a parabolic curve. (b) Generated by the revolution of a parabola, or by a line that moves on a parabola as a directing curve; as, a parabolic conoid. Parabolic conoid, a paraboloid; a conoid whose directing curve is a parabola. See Conoid. -- Parabolic mirror (Opt.), a mirror having a paraboloidal surface which gives for parallel rays (as those from very distant objects) images free from aberration. It is used in reflecting telescopes. -- Parabolic spindle, the solid generated by revolving the portion of a parabola cut off by a line drawn at right angles to the axis of the curve, about that line as an axis. -- Parabolic spiral, a spiral curve conceived to be formed by the periphery of a semiparabola when its axis is wrapped about a circle; also, any other spiral curve having an analogy to the parabola. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1039 Parabolically Par`a*bol"ic*al*ly (?), adv. 1. By way of parable; in a parabolic manner. 2. In the form of a parabola. Paraboliform Par`a*bol"i*form (?), a. [Parabola + -form.] Resembling a parabola in form. Parabolism Pa*rab"o*lism (?), n. [From Parabola.] (Alg.) The division of the terms of an equation by a known quantity that is involved in the first term. [Obs.] Parabolist Pa*rab"o*list (?), n. A narrator of parables. Paraboloid Pa*rab"o*loid (?), n. [Parabola + -oid: cf. F. parabolo\'8bde.] (Geom.) The solid generated by the rotation of a parabola about its axis; any surface of the second order whose sections by planes parallel to a given line are parabolas. NOTE: &hand; The term paraboloid has sometimes been applied also to the parabolas of the higher orders. Hutton. Paraboloidal Par`a*bo*loid"al (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a paraboloid. Parabronchium Par`a*bron"chi*um (?), n.; pl. Parabronchia (#). [NL. See Para-, Bronchia.] (Anat.) One of the branches of an ectobronchium or entobronchium. Paracelsian Par`a*cel"si*an (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or in conformity with, the practice of Paracelsus, a Swiss physician of the 15th century. Ferrand. Paracelsian Par`a*cel"si*an, n. A follower of Paracelsus or his practice or teachings. Hakewill. Paracelsist Par`a*cel"sist (?), n. A Paracelsian. Paracentesis Par`a*cen*te"sis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Med.) The perforation of a cavity of the body with a trocar, aspirator, or other suitable instrument, for the evacuation of effused fluid, pus, or gas; tapping. Paracentric, Paracentrical Par`a*cen"tric (?), Par`a*cen"tric*al (?), a. [Pref. para- + centric, -ical: cf. F. paracentrique.] Deviating from circularity; changing the distance from a center. Paracentric curve (Math.), a curve having the property that, when its plane is placed vertically, a body descending along it, by the force of gravity, will approach to, or recede from, a fixed point or center, by equal distances in equal times; -- called also a paracentric. -- Paracentric motton OR velocity, the motion or velocity of a revolving body, as a planet, by which it approaches to, or recedes from, the center, without reference to its motion in space, or to its motion as reckoned in any other direction. Parachordal Par`a*chor"dal (?), a. [Pref. para- + chordal.] (Anat.) Situated on either side of the notochord; -- applied especially to the cartilaginous rudiments of the skull on each side of the anterior part of the notochord. -- n. A parachordal cartilage. Parachronism Pa*rach"ro*nism (?), n. [Pref. para- + Gr. parachronisme.] An error in chronology, by which the date of an event is set later than the time of its occurrence. [R.] Parachrose Par"a*chrose (?), a. [Gr. (Min.) Changing color by exposure Mohs. Parachute Par"a*chute (?), n. [F., fr. paper to ward off, guard + chute a fall. See Parry, and Chute, Chance.] 1. A contrivance somewhat in the form of an umbrella, by means of which a descent may be made from a balloon, or any eminence.<-- usu used for descending to the ground from an airplane, for military operations (airborne troops), in an emergency, or for sport (sky diving) --> 2. (Zo\'94l.) A web or fold of skin which extends between the legs of certain mammals, as the flying squirrels, colugo, and phalangister. <-- parachutist; parachuting. parachute = verb --> Paraclete Par"a*clete (?), n. [L. paracletus, Gr. An advocate; one called to aid or support; hence, the Consoler, Comforter, or Intercessor; -- a term applied to the Holy Spirit. From which intercession especially I conceive he hath the name of the Paraclete given him by Christ. Bp. Pearson. Paraclose Par"a*close (?), n. (Arch.) See Parclose. Paracmastic Par`ac*mas"tic (?), a. [Gr. Para-, and Acme.] (Med.) Gradually decreasing; past the acme, or crisis, as a distemper. Dunglison. Paraconic Par`a*con"ic (?), a. [Pref. para- + aconitic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an organic acid obtained as a deliquescent white crystalline substance, and isomeric with itaconic, citraconic, and mesaconic acids. Paraconine Par`a*co"nine (?), n. [Pref. para- + conine.] (Chem.) A base resembling and isomeric with conine, and obtained as a colorless liquid from butyric aldehyde and ammonia. Paracorolla Par`a*co*rol"la (?), n. [Pref. para- + corolla.] (Bot.) A secondary or inner corolla; a corona, as of the Narcissus. Paracrostic Par`a*cros"tic (?), n. [Pref. para- + acrostic.] A poetical composition, in which the first verse contains, in order, the first letters of all the verses of the poem. Brande & C. Paracyanogen Par`a*cy*an"o*gen (?), n. [Pref. para- + cyanogen.] (Chem.) A polymeric modification of cyanogen, obtained as a brown or black amorphous residue by heating mercuric cyanide. Paracymene Par`a*cy"mene, n. [Pref. para- + cymene.] (Chem.) Same as Cymene. Paradactylum Par`a*dac"ty*lum, n.; pl. Paradactyla (#). [NL. See Para-, and Dactyl.] (Zo\'94l.) The side of a toe or finger. Parade Pa*rade" (?), n. [F., fr. Sp. parada a halt or stopping, an assembling for exercise, a place where troops are assembled to exercise, fr. parar to stop, to prepare. See Pare, v. t.] 1. The ground where a military display is held, or where troops are drilled. 2. (Mil.) An assembly and orderly arrangement or display of troops, in full equipments, for inspection or evolutions before some superior officer; a review of troops. Parades are general, regimental, or private (troop, battery, or company), according to the force assembled. 3. Pompous show; formal display or exhibition. Be rich, but of your wealth make no parade. Swift. 4. That which is displayed; a show; a spectacle; an imposing procession; the movement of any body marshaled in military order; as, a parade of firemen. In state returned the grand parade. Swift. 5. Posture of defense; guard. [A Gallicism.] When they are not in parade, and upon their guard. Locke. 6. A public walk; a promenade. Dress parade, Undress parade. See under Dress, and Undress. -- Parade rest, a position of rest for soldiers, in which, however, they are required to be silent and motionless. Wilhelm. Syn. -- Ostentation; display; show. -- Parade, Ostentation. Parade is a pompous exhibition of things for the purpose of display; ostentation now generally indicates a parade of virtues or other qualities for which one expects to be honored. "It was not in the mere parade of royalty that the Mexican potentates exhibited their power." Robertson. "We are dazzled with the splendor of titles, the ostentation of learning, and the noise of victories." Spectator. Parade Pa*rade" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paraded; p. pr. & vb. n. Parading.] [Cf. F. parader.] 1. To exhibit in a showy or ostentatious manner; to show off. Parading all her sensibility. Byron. 2. To assemble and form; to marshal; to cause to maneuver or march ceremoniously; as, to parade troops. Parade Pa*rade", v. i. 1. To make an exhibition or spectacle of one's self, as by walking in a public place. 2. To assemble in military order for evolutions and inspection; to form or march, as in review. Paradigm Par"a*digm (?), n. [F. paradigme, L. paradigma, fr. Gr. Para-, and Diction.] 1. An example; a model; a pattern. [R.] "The paradigms and patterns of all things." Cudworth. 2. (Gram.) An example of a conjugation or declension, showing a word in all its different forms of inflection. 3. (Rhet.) An illustration, as by a parable or fable. Paradigmatic, Paradigmatical Par`a*dig*mat"ic (?), Par`a*dig*mat"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. Exemplary. -- Par`a*dig*mat"ic*al*ly, adv. [Obs.] Paradigmatic Par`a*dig*mat"ic, n. (Eccl. Hist.) A writer of memoirs of religious persona, as examples of Christian excellence. Paradigmatize Par`a*dig"ma*tize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paradigmatized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paradigmatizing (?).] [Gr. Paradigm.] To set forth as a model or example. [Obs.] Hammond. Paradisaic, Paradisaical Par`a*di*sa"ic (?), Par`a*di*sa"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to, or resembling, paradise; paradisiacal. "Paradisaical pleasures." Gray. Paradisal Par"a*di`sal (?), a. Paradisiacal. Paradise Par"a*dise (?), n. [OE. & F. paradis, L. paradisus, fr. Gr. para`deisos park, paradise, fr. Zend pairida&emac;za an inclosure; pairi around (akin to Gr. diz to throw up, pile up; cf. Skr. dih to smear, and E. dough. Cf. Parvis.] 1. The garden of Eden, in which Adam and Eve were placed after their creation. 2. The abode of sanctified souls after death. To-day shalt thou be with me in paradise. Luke xxiii. 43. It sounds to him like her mother's voice, Singing in Paradise. Longfellow. 3. A place of bliss; a region of supreme felicity or delight; hence, a state of happiness. The earth Shall be all paradise. Milton. Wrapt in the very paradise of some creative vision. Beaconsfield. 4. (Arch.) An open space within a monastery or adjoining a church, as the space within a cloister, the open court before a basilica, etc. 5. A churchyard or cemetery. [Obs.] Oxf. Gloss. Fool's paradise. See under Fool, and Limbo. -- Grains of paradise. (Bot.) See Melequeta pepper, under Pepper. -- Paradise bird. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Bird of paradise. Among the most beautiful species are the superb (Lophorina superba); the magnificent (Diphyllodes magnifica); and the six-shafted paradise bird (Parotia sefilata). The long-billed paradise birds (Epimachin\'91) also include some highly ornamental species, as the twelve-wired paradise bird (Seleucides alba), which is black, yellow, and white, with six long breast feathers on each side, ending in long, slender filaments. See Bird of paradise in the Vocabulary. -- Paradise fish (Zo\'94l.), a beautiful fresh-water Asiatic fish (Macropodus viridiauratus) having very large fins. It is often kept alive as an ornamental fish. -- Paradise flycatcher (Zo\'94l.), any flycatcher of the genus Terpsiphone, having the middle tail feathers extremely elongated. The adult male of T. paradisi is white, with the head glossy dark green, and crested. -- Paradise grackle (Zo\'94l.), a very beautiful bird of New Guinea, of the genus Astrapia, having dark velvety plumage with brilliant metallic tints. -- Paradise nut (Bot.), the sapucaia nut. See Sapucaia nut. [Local, U. S.] -- Paradise whidah bird. (Zo\'94l.) See Whidah. Paradise Par"a*dise (?), v. t. To affect or exalt with visions of felicity; to entrance; to bewitch. [R.] Marston. Paradisean Par`a*dis"e*an (?), a. Paradisiacal. Paradised Par"a*dised (?), a. Placed in paradise; enjoying delights as of paradise. Paradisiac, Paradisiacal Par`a*dis"i*ac (?), Par`a*di*si"a*cal (?), a. [L. paradisiacus.] Of or pertaining to paradise; suitable to, or like, paradise. C. Kingsley. T. Burnet. "A paradisiacal scene." Pope. The valley . . . is of quite paradisiac beauty. G. Eliot. Paradisial, Paradisian Par`a*dis"i*al (?), Par`a*dis"i*an (?), a. Paradisiacal. [R.] Paradisic Par`a*dis"ic (?), a. Paradisiacal. [R.] Broome. Paradisical Par`a*dis"ic*al (?), a. Paradisiacal. [R.] Parados Par`a*dos (?), n.; pl. Paradoses (#). [F., fr. parer to defend + dos back, L. dorsum.] (Fort.) An intercepting mound, erected in any part of a fortification to protect the defenders from a rear or ricochet fire; a traverse. Farrow. Paradox Par`a*dox (?), n.; pl. Paradoxes (#). [F. paradoxe, L. paradoxum, fr. Gr. Para-, and Dogma.] A tenet or proposition contrary to received opinion; an assertion or sentiment seemingly contradictory, or opposed to common sense; that which in appearance or terms is absurd, but yet may be true in fact. A gloss there is to color that paradox, and make it appear in show not to be altogether unreasonable. Hooker. This was sometime a paradox, but now the time gives it proof. Shak. Hydrostatic paradox. See under Hydrostatic. Paradoxal Par"a*dox`al (?), a. Paradoxical. [Obs.] Paradoxical Par`a*dox"ic*al (?), a. 1. Of the nature of a paradox. 2. Inclined to paradoxes, or to tenets or notions contrary to received opinions. Southey. -- Par`a*dox"ic*al*ly, adv. -- Par`a*dox"ic*al*ness, n. Paradoxer, n., Paradoxist Par"a*dox`er (?), n., Par"a*dox`ist (, n. One who proposes a paradox. Paradoxides Par`a*dox"i*des (?), n. [NL.] (Paleon.) A genus of large trilobites characteristic of the primordial formations. Paradoxology Par`a*dox*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Paradox + -logy.] The use of paradoxes. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Paradoxure Par`a*dox"ure (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of Paradoxurus, a genus of Asiatic viverrine mammals allied to the civet, as the musang, and the luwack or palm cat (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus). See Musang. Paradoxy Par"a*dox`y (?), n. 1. A paradoxical statement; a paradox. 2. The quality or state of being paradoxical. Coleridge Paraffin, Paraffine Par"af*fin (?), Par"af*fine (?), n. [F. paraffine, fr. L. parum too little + affinis akin. So named in allusion to its chemical inactivity.] (Chem.) A white waxy substance, resembling spermaceti, tasteless and odorless, and obtained from coal tar, wood tar, petroleum, etc., by distillation. It is used as an illuminant and lubricant. It is very inert, not being acted upon by most of the strong chemical reagents. It was formerly regarded as a definite compound, but is now known to be a complex mixture of several higher hydrocarbons of the methane or marsh-gas series; hence, by extension, any substance, whether solid, liquid, or gaseous, of the same chemical series; thus coal gas and kerosene consist largely of paraffins. NOTE: &hand; In th e pr esent ch emical us age th is word is spelt paraffin, but in commerce it is commonly spelt paraffine. Native paraffin. See Ozocerite. -- Paraffin series. See Methane series, under Methane. Parage Par"age, n. [F., fr. L. par, adj., equal. Cf. Peerage, Peer an equal.] 1. (Old Eng. Law) Equality of condition, blood, or dignity; also, equality in the partition of an inheritance. Spelman. 2. (Feudal Law) Equality of condition between persons holding unequal portions of a fee. Burrill. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1040 3. Kindred; family; birth. [Obs.] Ld. Berners. We claim to be of high parage. Chaucer. Paragenesis Par`a*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Pref. para- + genesis.] (Min.) The science which treats of minerals with special reference to their origin. Paragenic Par`a*gen"ic (?), a. [Pref. para- the root of (Biol.) Originating in the character of the germ, or at the first commencement of an individual; -- said of peculiarities of structure, character, etc. Paraglobulin Par`a*glob"u*lin (?), n. [Pref. para- + globulin.] (Physiol. Chem.) An albuminous body in blood serum, belonging to the group of globulins. See Fibrinoplastin. Paraglossa Par`a*glos"sa (?), n.; pl. Paragloss\'91 (#). [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) One of a pair of small appendages of the lingua or labium of certain insects. See Illust. under Hymenoptera. Paragnath Par"ag*nath (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Paragnathus. Paragnathous Pa*rag"na*thous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having both mandibles of equal length, the tips meeting, as in certain birds. Paragnathus Pa*rag"na*thus (?), n.; pl. Paragnathi (#). [NL. See Para-, and Gnathic.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) One of the two lobes which form the lower lip, or metastome, of Crustacea. (b) One of the small, horny, toothlike jaws of certain annelids. Paragoge Par`a*go"ge (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. 1. (Gram.) The addition of a letter or syllable to the end of a word, as withouten for without. 2. (Med.) Coaptation. [Obs.] Dunglison. Paragogic, Paragogical Par`a*gog"ic (?), Par`a*gog"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. paragogique.] Of, pertaining to, or constituting, a paragoge; added to the end of, or serving to lengthen, a word. Paragogic letters, in the Semitic languages, letters which are added to the ordinary forms of words, to express additional emphasis, or some change in the sense. Paragon Par"a*gon (?), n. [OF. paragon, F. parangon; cf. It. paragone, Sp. paragon, parangon; prob. fr. Gr. 1. A companion; a match; an equal. [Obs.] Spenser. Philoclea, who indeed had no paragon but her sister. Sir P. Sidney. 2. Emulation; rivalry; competition. [Obs.] Full many feats adventurous Performed, in paragon of proudest men. Spenser. 3. A model or pattern; a pattern of excellence or perfection; as, a paragon of beauty or eloquence. Udall. Man, . . . the paragon of animals ! Shak. The riches of sweet Mary's son, Boy-rabbi, Israel's paragon. Emerson. 4. (Print.) A size of type between great primer and double pica. See the Note under Type. Paragon Par"a*gon, v. t. [Cf. OF. paragonner, F. parangonner.] 1. To compare; to parallel; to put in rivalry or emulation with. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney. 2. To compare with; to equal; to rival. [R.] Spenser. In arms anon to paragon the morn, The morn new rising. Glover. 3. To serve as a model for; to surpass. [Obs.] He hath achieved a maid That paragons description and wild fame. Shak. Paragon Par"a*gon, v. i. To be equal; to hold comparison. [R.] Few or none could . . . paragon with her. Shelton. Paragonite Pa*rag"o*nite (?), n. [From Gr. (Min.) A kind of mica related to muscovite, but containing soda instead of potash. It is characteristic of the paragonite schist of the Alps. Paragram Par"a*gram (?), n. [Gr. Paragraph.] A pun. Puns, which he calls paragrams. Addison. Paragrammatist Par`a*gram"ma*tist (?), n. A punster. Paragrandine Pa`ra*gran"di*ne (?), n. [It., from parare to parry + grandine hail.] An instrument to avert the occurrence of hailstorms. See Paragr. Knight. Paragraph Par"a*graph (?), n. [F. paragraphe, LL. paragraphus, fr. Gr. Para-, and Graphic, and cf. Paraph.] 1. Originally, a marginal mark or note, set in the margin to call attention to something in the text, e. g., a change of subject; now, the character NOTE: &hand; This character is merely a modification of a capital P (the initial of the word paragraph), the letter being reversed, and the black part made white and the white part black for the sake of distinctiveness. 2. A distinct part of a discourse or writing; any section or subdivision of a writing or chapter which relates to a particular point, whether consisting of one or many sentences. The division is sometimes noted by the mark 3. A brief composition complete in one typographical section or paragraph; an item, remark, or quotation comprised in a few lines forming one paragraph; as, a column of news paragraphs; an editorial paragraph. Paragraph Par"a*graph, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paragraphed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paragraphing.] 1. To divide into paragraphs; to mark with the character ¶. 2. To express in the compass of a paragraph; as, to paragraph an article. 3. To mention in a paragraph or paragraphs Paragrapher Par"a*graph`er (?), n. A writer of paragraphs; a paragraphist. Paragraphic, Paragraphical Par`a*graph"ic (?), Par`a*graph"ic*al (?), a. Pertaining to, or consisting of, a paragraph or paragraphs. -- Par`a*graph"ic*al*ly, adv. Paragraphist Par"a*graph`ist (?), n. A paragrapher. Paragraphistical Par`a*gra*phis"tic*al (?), a. Of or relating to a paragraphist. [R.] Beau. & Fl. Para grass Pa*ra" grass` (?). (Bot.) A valuable pasture grass (Panicum barbinode) introduced into the Southern United States from Brazil. Paragr\'88le Pa`ra`gr\'88le" (?), n. [F., fr. parer to guard + gr\'88le hail.] A lightning conductor erected, as in a vineyard, for drawing off the electricity in the atmosphere in order to prevent hailstorms. [France] Knight. Paraguayan Par`a*guay"an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Paraguay. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Paraguay. Paraguay tea Pa`ra*guay" tea" (?). See Mate, the leaf of the Brazilian holly. Parail Par"ail (?), n. See Apparel. [Obs.] "In the parail of a pilgrim." Piers Plowman. Parakeet Par"a*keet` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Parrakeet. Paralactic Par`a*lac"tic (?), a. [Pref. para- + lactic.] (Physiol. Chem.) Designating an acid called paralactic acid. See Lactic acid, under Lactic. Paralbumin Par`al*bu"min (?), n. [Pref. para- + albumin.] (Physiol. Chem.) A proteidlike body found in the fluid from ovarian cysts and elsewhere. It is generally associated with a substance related to, if not identical with, glycogen. Paraldehyde Par*al"de*hyde (?), n. [Pref. para- + aldehyde.] (Chem.) A polymeric modification of aldehyde obtained as a white crystalline substance. Paraleipsis Par`a*leip"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Rhet.) A pretended or apparent omission; a figure by which a speaker artfully pretends to pass by what he really mentions; as, for example, if an orator should say, "I do not speak of my adversary's scandalous venality and rapacity, his brutal conduct, his treachery and malice." [Written also paralepsis, paralepsy, paralipsis.] Paralepsis Par`a*lep"sis (?), n. [NL.] See Paraleipsis. Paralian Pa*ra"li*an (?), n. [Gr. A dweller by the sea. [R.] Paralipomenon Par`a*li*pom"e*non (?), n. pl. [L., fr. Gr. paraleipome`nwn of things omitted, pass. p. pr. (neuter genitive plural) fr. A title given in the Douay Bible to the Books of Chronicles. NOTE: &hand; In th e Se ptuagint th ese bo oks ar e ca lled Paraleipome`nwn prw^ton and dey`teron, which is understood, after Jerome's explanation, as meaning that they are supplementary to the Books of Kings W. Smith. Paralipsis Par`a*lip"sis (?), n. [NL.] See Paraleipsis. Parallactic, Parallactical Par`al*lac"tic (?), Par`al*lac"tic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. parallactique.] Of or pertaining to a parallax. Parallax Par"al*lax (?), n. [Gr. parallaxe. Cf. Parallel.] 1. The apparent displacement, or difference of position, of an object, as seen from two different stations, or points of view. 2. (Astron.) The apparent difference in position of a body (as the sun, or a star) as seen from some point on the earth's surface, and as seen from some other conventional point, as the earth's center or the sun. Annual parallax, the greatest value of the heliocentric parallax, or the greatest annual apparent change of place of a body as seen from the earth and sun; as, the annual parallax of a fixed star. -- Binocular parallax, the apparent difference in position of an object as seen separately by one eye, and then by the other, the head remaining unmoved. -- Diurnal, OR Geocentric, parallax, the parallax of a body with reference to the earth's center. This is the kind of parallax that is generally understood when the term is used without qualification. -- Heliocentric parallax, the parallax of a body with reference to the sun, or the angle subtended at the body by lines drawn from it to the earth and sun; as, the heliocentric parallax of a planet. -- Horizontal parallax, the geocentric parallx of a heavenly body when in the horizon, or the angle subtended at the body by the earth's radius. -- Optical parallax, the apparent displacement in position undergone by an object when viewed by either eye singly. Brande & C. -- Parallax of the cross wires (of an optical instrument), their apparent displacement when the eye changes its position, caused by their not being exactly in the focus of the object glass. -- Stellar parallax, the annual parallax of a fixed star. Parallel Par"al*lel (?), a. [F. parall\'8ale, L. parallelus, fr. Gr. alius. See Allien.] 1. (Geom.) Extended in the same direction, and in all parts equally distant; as, parallel lines; parallel planes. Revolutions . . . parallel to the equinoctial. Hakluyt. NOTE: &hand; Cu rved lines or curved planes are said to be parallel when they are in all parts equally distant. 2. Having the same direction or tendency; running side by side; being in accordance (with); tending to the same result; -- used with to and with. When honor runs parallel with the laws of God and our country, it can not be too much cherished. Addison. 3. Continuing a resemblance through many particulars; applicable in all essential parts; like; similar; as, a parallel case; a parallel passage. Addison. Parallel bar. (a) (Steam Eng.) A rod in a parallel motion which is parallel with the working beam. (b) One of a pair of bars raised about five feet above the floor or ground, and parallel to each other, -- used for gymnastic exercises. -- Parallel circles of a sphere, those circles of the sphere whose planes are parallel to each other. -- Parallel columns, OR Parallels (Printing), two or more passages of reading matter printed side by side, for the purpose of emphasizing the similarity or discrepancy between them. -- Parallel forces (Mech.), forces which act in directions parallel to each other. -- Parallel motion. (a) (Mach.) A jointed system of links, rods, or bars, by which the motion of a reciprocating piece, as a piston rod, may be guided, either approximately or exactly in a straight line. Rankine. (b) (Mus.) The ascending or descending of two or more parts at fixed intervals, as thirds or sixths. -- Parallel rod (Locomotive Eng.), a metal rod that connects the crank pins of two or more driving wheels; -- called also couping rod, in distinction from the connecting rod. See Illust. of Locomotive, in App. -- Parallel ruler, an instrument for drawing parallel lines, so constructed as to have the successive positions of the ruling edge parallel to each other; also, one consisting of two movable parts, the opposite edges of which are always parallel. -- Parallel sailing (Naut.), sailing on a parallel of latitude. -- Parallel sphere (Astron. & Geog.), that position of the sphere in which the circles of daily motion are parallel to the horizon, as to an observer at either pole. -- Parallel vise, a vise having jaws so guided as to remain parallel in all positions. Parallel Par"al*lel (?), n. 1. A line which, throughout its whole extent, is equidistant from another line; a parallel line, a parallel plane, etc. Who made the spider parallels design, Sure as De Moivre, without rule or line ? Pope. 2. Direction conformable to that of another line, Lines that from their parallel decline. Garth. 3. Conformity continued through many particulars or in all essential points; resemblance; similarity. Twixt earthly females and the moon All parallels exactly run. Swift. 4. A comparison made; elaborate tracing of similarity; as, Johnson's parallel between Dryden and Pope. 5. Anything equal to, or resembling, another in all essential particulars; a counterpart. None but thyself can be thy parallel. Pope. 6. (Geog.) One of the imaginary circles on the surface of the earth, parallel to the equator, marking the latitude; also, the corresponding line on a globe or map. 7. (Mil.) One of a series of long trenches constructed before a besieged fortress, by the besieging force, as a cover for troops supporting the attacking batteries. They are roughly parallel to the line of outer defenses of the fortress. 8. (Print.) A character consisting of two parallel vertical lines (thus, ) used in the text to direct attention to a similarly marked note in the margin or at the foot of a page. Limiting parallels. See under Limit, v. t. -- Parallel of altitude (Astron.), one of the small circles of the sphere, parallel to the horizon; an almucantar. -- Parallel of declination (Astron.), one of the small circles of the sphere, parallel to the equator. -- Parallel of latitude. (a) (Geog.) See def. 6. above. (b) (Astron.) One of the small circles of the sphere, parallel to the ecliptic. Parallel Par"al*lel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paralleled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paralleling (?).] 1. To place or set so as to be parallel; to place so as to be parallel to, or to conform in direction with, something else. The needle . . . doth parallel and place itself upon the true meridian. Sir T. Browne. 2. Fig.: To make to conform to something else in character, motive, aim, or the like. His life is paralleled Even with the stroke and line of his great justice. Shak. 3. To equal; to match; to correspond to. Shak. 4. To produce or adduce as a parallel. [R.] Locke. My young remembrance can not parallel A fellow to it. Shak. Parallel Par"al*lel, v. i. To be parallel; to correspond; to be like. [Obs.] Bacon. Parallelable Par"al*lel`a*ble (?), a. Capable of being paralleled, or equaled. [R.] Bp. Hall. Parallelism Par"al*lel*ism (?), n. [Gr. parall\'82lisme.] 1. The quality or state of being parallel. 2. Resemblance; correspondence; similarity. A close parallelism of thought and incident. T. Warton. 3. Similarity of construction or meaning of clauses placed side by side, especially clauses expressing the same sentiment with slight modifications, as is common in Hebrew poetry; e. g.: -- At her feet he bowed, he fell: Where he bowed, there he fell down dead. Judg. v. 27. Parallelistic Par`al*lel*is"tic (?), a. Of the nature of a parallelism; involving parallelism. The antithetic or parallelistic form of Hebrew poetry is entirely lost. Milman. Parallelize Par"al*lel*ize (?), v. t. To render parallel. [R.] Parallelless Par"al*lel*less, a. Matchless. [R.] Parallelly Par"al*lel*ly, adv. In a parallel manner; with parallelism. [R.] Dr. H. More. Parallelogram Par`al*lel"o*gram (?), n. [Gr. parall\'82logramme. See Parallel, and -gram.] (Geom.) A right-lined quadrilateral figure, whose opposite sides are parallel, and consequently equal; -- sometimes restricted in popular usage to a rectangle, or quadrilateral figure which is longer than it is broad, and with right angles. Parallelogram of velocities, forces, accelerations, momenta, etc. (Mech.), a parallelogram the diagonal of which represents the resultant of two velocities, forces, accelerations, momenta, etc., both in quantity and direction, when the velocities, forces, accelerations, momenta, etc., are represented in quantity and direction by the two adjacent sides of the parallelogram. Parallelogrammatic Par`al*lel`o*gram*mat"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to a parallelogram; parallelogrammic. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1041 Parallelogrammic, Parallelogrammical Par`al*lel`o*gram"mic (?), Par`al*lel`o*gram"mic*al (?), a. Having the properties of a parallelogram. [R.] Parallelopiped Par`al*lel`o*pi"ped (?), n. [Gr. parall\'82lopip\'8ade.] (Geom.) A solid, the faces of which are six parallelograms, the opposite pairs being parallel, and equal to each other; a prism whose base is a parallelogram. Parallelopipedon Par`al*lel`o*pip"e*don (?), n. [NL.] A parallelopiped. Hutton. Paralogical Par`a*log"ic*al (?), a. Containing paralogism; illogical. "Paralogical doubt." Sir T. Browne. Paralogism Pa*ral"o*gism (?), n. [Gr. paralogisme.] (Logic) A reasoning which is false in point of form, that is, which is contrary to logical rules or formul\'91; a formal fallacy, or pseudo-syllogism, in which the conclusion does not follow from the premises. Paralogize Pa*ral"o*gize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Paralogized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paralogizing (?).] [Gr. To reason falsely; to draw conclusions not warranted by the premises. [R.] Paralogy Pa*ral"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. False reasoning; paralogism. Paralyse Par"a*lyse (?), v. t. Same as Paralyze. Paralysis Pa*ral"y*sis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. Para-, and Loose, and cf. Palsy.] (Med.) Abolition of function, whether complete or partial; esp., the loss of the power of voluntary motion, with or without that of sensation, in any part of the body; palsy. See Hemiplegia, and Paraplegia. Also used figuratively. "Utter paralysis of memory." G. Eliot. Mischievous practices arising out of the paralysis of the powers of ownership. Duke of Argyll (1887). Paralytic Par`a*lyt"ic (?), a. [L. paralyticus, Gr. paralytique.] 1. Of or pertaining to paralysis; resembling paralysis. 2. Affected with paralysis, or palsy. The cold, shaking, paralytic hand. Prior. 3. Inclined or tending to paralysis. Paralytic secretion (Physiol.), the fluid, generally thin and watery, secreted from a gland after section or paralysis of its nerves, as the pralytic saliva. Paralytic Par`a*lyt"ic, n. A person affected with paralysis. Paralytical Par`a*lyt"ic*al (?), a. See Paralytic. Paralyzation Par`a*ly*za"tion (?), n. The act or process of paralyzing, or the state of being paralyzed. Paralyze Par"a*lyze (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paralyzed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paralyzing (?).] [F. paralyser. See Paralysis.] 1. To affect or strike with paralysis or palsy. 2. Fig.: To unnerve; to destroy or impair the energy of; to render ineffective; as, the occurrence paralyzed the community; despondency paralyzed his efforts. Param Par"am (?), n. (Chem.) A white crystalline nitrogenous substance (C2H4N4); -- called also dicyandiamide. Paramagnetic Par`a*mag*net"ic (?), a. [Pref. para- + magnetic.] Magnetic, as opposed to diamagnetic. -- n. A paramagnetic substance. Faraday. -- Par`a*mag*net"ic*al*ly (#), adv. Paramagnetism Par`a*mag"net*ism (?), n. Magnetism, as opposed to diamagnetism. Faraday. Paramaleic Par`a*ma*le"ic (?), a. [Pref. para- + maleic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained from malic acid, and now called fumaric acid. [Obs.] Paramalic Par`a*ma"lic (?), a. [Pref. para- + malic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an organic acid metameric with malic acid. Paramastoid Par`a*mas"toid (?), a. [Pref. para- + mastoid.] (Anat.) Situated beside, or near, the mastoid portion of the temporal bone; paroccipital; -- applied especially to a process of the skull in some animals. Paramatta Par`a*mat"ta (?), n. [So named from Paramatta, in Australia.] A light fabric of cotton and worsted, resembling bombazine or merino. Beck (Draper's Dict.) Parament Par"a*ment (?), n. [Sp. paramento, from parar to prepare, L. parare.] Ornamental hangings, furniture, etc., as of a state apartment; rich and elegant robes worn by men of rank; -- chiefly in the plural. [Obs.] Lords in paraments on their coursers. Chaucer. Chamber of paraments, presence chamber of a monarch. Paramento Pa`ra*men"to (?), n. [Sp.] Ornament; decoration. Beau. & Fl. Paramere Par"a*mere (?), n. [Pref. para- + -mere.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the symmetrical halves of any one of the radii, or spheromeres, of a radiate animal, as a starfish. Parameter Pa*ram"e*ter (?), n. [Pref. para- + -meter: cf. F. param\'8atre.] 1. (a) (Math.) A term applied to some characteristic magnitude whose value, invariable as long as one and the same function, curve, surface, etc., is considered, serves to distinguish that function, curve, surface, etc., from others of the same kind or family. Brande & C. (b) Specifically (Conic Sections), in the ellipse and hyperbola, a third proportional to any diameter and its conjugate, or in the parabola, to any abscissa and the corresponding ordinate. NOTE: &hand; The parameter of the principal axis of a conic section is called the latus rectum. 2. (Crystallog.) The ratio of the three crystallographic axes which determines the position of any plane; also, the fundamental axial ratio for a given species. Parametritis Par`a*me*tri"tis (?), n. [NL. See Para-, and Metritis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the cellular tissue in the vicinity of the uterus. Paramiographer Par`a*mi*og"ra*pher (?), n. [Gr. -graph + -er.] A collector or writer of proverbs. [R.] Paramitome Par`a*mi"tome (?), n. [Pref. para- + mitome.] (Biol.) The fluid portion of the protoplasm of a cell. Paramo Pa"ra*mo (?), n.; pl. Paramos (#). [Sp. p\'91ramo.] A high, bleak plateau or district, with stunted trees, and cold, damp atmosphere, as in the Andes, in South America. Paramorph Par"a*morph (?), n. [Pref. para- + Gr. (Min.) A kind of pseudomorph, in which there has been a change of physical characters without alteration of chemical composition, as the change of aragonite to calcite. Paramorphism Par`a*mor"phism (?), n. (Min.) The change of one mineral species to another, so as to involve a change in physical characters without alteration of chemical composition. Paramorphous Par`a*mor"phous (?), a. (Min.) Relating to paramorphism; exhibiting paramorphism. Paramount Par"a*mount (?), a. [OF. par amont above; par through, by (L. per) + amont above. See Amount.] Having the highest rank or jurisdiction; superior to all others; chief; supreme; pre\'89minent; as, a paramount duty. "A traitor paramount." Bacon. Lady paramount (Archery), the lady making the best score. -- Lord paramount, the king. Syn. Superior; principal; pre\'89minent; chief. Paramount Par"a*mount, n. The highest or chief. Milton. Paramountly Par"a*mount`ly, adv. In a paramount manner. Paramour Par"a*mour (?), n. [F. par amour, lit., by or with love. See 2d Par, and Amour.] 1. A lover, of either sex; a wooer or a mistress (formerly in a good sense, now only in a bad one); one who takes the place, without possessing the rights, of a husband or wife; -- used of a man or a woman. The seducer appeared with dauntless front, accompanied by his paramour Macaulay. 2. Love; gallantry. [Obs.] "For paramour and jollity." Chaucer. Paramour, Paramours Par"a*mour`, Par"a*mours` (?), adv. By or with love, esp. the love of the sexes; -- sometimes written as two words. [Obs.] For par amour, I loved her first ere thou. Chaucer. Paramylum Par*am"y*lum (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Chem.) A substance resembling starch, found in the green frothy scum formed on the surface of stagnant water. Paranaphthalene Par`a*naph"tha*lene (?), n. [Pref. para- + naphthalene.] (Chem.) Anthracene; -- called also paranaphthaline. [Obs.] Paranoia Par`a*noi"a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) Mental derangement; insanity. Paranthracene Par*an"thra*cene (?), n. [Pref. para- + anthracene.] (Chem.) An inert isomeric modification of anthracene. Paranucleus Par`a*nu"cle*us (?), n. [Pref. para- + nucleus.] (Biol.) Some as Nucleolus. Para nut Pa*ra" nut` (?). (Bot.) The Brazil nut. Paranymph Par"a*nymph (?), n. [L. paranymphus, Gr. paranymphe.] 1. (Gr. Antiq.) (a) A friend of the bridegroom who went with him in his chariot to fetch home the bride. Milton. (b) The bridesmaid who conducted the bride to the bridegroom. 2. Hence: An ally; a supporter or abettor. Jer. Taylor. Paranymphal Par`a*nym"phal (?), a. Bridal; nuptial. [R.] At some paranymphal feast. Ford. Parapectin Par`a*pec"tin (?), n. [Pref. para- + pectin.] (Chem.) A gelatinous modification of pectin. Parapegm Par"a*pegm (?), n. [L. parapegma, Gr. parapegme.] An engraved tablet, usually of brass, set up in a public place. NOTE: &hand; Pa rapegms we re us ed fo r th e pu blication of laws, proclamations, etc., and the recording of astronomical phenomena or calendar events. Parapeptone Par`a*pep"tone (?), n. [Pref. para- + peptone.] (Phisiol. Chem.) An albuminous body formed in small quantity by the peptic digestion of proteids. It can be converted into peptone by pancreatic juice, but not by gastric juice. Parapet Par"a*pet (?), n. [F., fr. It. parapetto, fr. parare to ward off, guard (L. parare to prepare, provide) + petto the breast, L. pectus. See Parry, and Pectoral.] 1. (Arch.) A low wall, especially one serving to protect the edge of a platform, roof, bridge, or the like. 2. (Fort.) A wall, rampart, or elevation of earth, for covering soldiers from an enemy's fire; a breastwork. See Illust. of Casemate. Parapetalous Par`a*pet"al*ous (?), a. [Pref. para- + petal.] (Bot.) Growing by the side of a petal, as a stamen. Parapeted Par"a*pet`ed, a. Having a parapet. Paraph Par"aph (?), n. [F. paraphe, parafe, contr. fr. paragraphe.] A flourish made with the pen at the end of a signature. In the Middle Ages, this formed a sort of rude safeguard against forgery. Brande & C. Paraph Par"aph, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paraphed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paraphing.] [Cf. F. parapher, parafer.] To add a paraph to; to sign, esp. with the initials. Parapherna Par`a*pher"na (?), n. pl. [L.] (Rom. Law) The property of a woman which, on her marriage, was not made a part of her dower, but remained her own. Paraphernal Par`a*pher"nal (?), a. [Cf. F. paraphernal.] Of or pertaining to paraphernalia; as, paraphernal property. Kent. Paraphernalia Par`a*pher*na"li*a (?), n. pl. [LL. paraphernalia bona, fr. L. parapherna, pl., parapherna, Gr. fe`rein to bring. See 1st Bear.] 1. (Law) Something reserved to a wife, over and above her dower, being chiefly apparel and ornaments suited to her degree. 2. Appendages; ornaments; finery; equipments. Paraphimosis Par`a*phi*mo"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A condition in which the prepuce, after being retracted behind the glans penis, is constricted there, and can not be brought forward into place again. Paraphosphoric Par`a*phos*phor"ic (?), a. [Pref. para- + phosphoric.] (Chem.) Pyrophosphoric. [Obs.] Paraphagma Par`a*phag"ma (?), n.; pl. Paraphragmata (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) One of the outer divisions of an endosternite of Crustacea. -- Par`a*phrag"mal (#), a. Paraphrase Par"a*phrase (?), n. [L. paraphrasis, Gr. paraphrase. See Para-, and Phrase.] A restatement of a text, passage, or work, expressing the meaning of the original in another form, generally for the sake of its clearer and fuller exposition; a setting forth the signification of a text in other and ampler terms; a free translation or rendering; -- opposed to metaphrase. In paraphrase, or translation with latitude, the author's words are not so strictly followed as his sense. Dryden. Excellent paraphrases of the Psalms of David. I. Disraeli. His sermons a living paraphrase upon his practice. Sowth. The Targums are also called the Chaldaic or Aramaic Paraphrases. Shipley. Paraphrase Par"a*phrase, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paraphrased (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paraphrasing (?).] To express, interpret, or translate with latitude; to give the meaning of a passage in other language. We are put to construe and paraphrase our own words. Bp. Stillingfleet. Paraphrase Par"a*phrase, v. i. To make a paraphrase. Paraphraser Par"a*phra`ser (?), n. One who paraphrases. Paraphrasian Par`a*phra"sian (?), n. A paraphraser. [R.] Paraphrast Par"a*phrast (?), n. [L. paraphrastes, Gr. paraphraste.] A paraphraser. T. Warton. Paraphrastic, Paraphrastical Par`a*phras"tic (?), Par`a*phras"tic*al (?), a. [Gr.paraphrastique.] Paraphrasing; of the nature of paraphrase; explaining, or translating in words more clear and ample than those of the author; not literal; free. -- Par`a*phras"tic*al*ly, adv. Paraphysis Pa*raph"y*sis (?), n.; pl. Paraphyses (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A minute jointed filament growing among the archegonia and antheridia of mosses, or with the spore cases, etc., of other flowerless plants. Paraplegia, Paraplegy Par`a*ple"gi*a (?), Par"a*ple`gy (?), n. [NL. paraplegia, fr. Gr. parapl\'82gie.] (Med.) Palsy of the lower half of the body on both sides, caused usually by disease of the spinal cord. -- Par`a*pleg"ic (#), a. Parapleura Par`a*pleu"ra (?), n.; pl. Parapleur\'91 (#). [NL. See Para-, and 2d Pleura.] (Zo\'94l.) A chitinous piece between the metasternum and the pleuron of certain insects. Parapodium Par`a*po"di*um (?), n.; pl. Parapodia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) One of the lateral appendages of an annelid; -- called also foot tubercle. NOTE: &hand; Th ey ma y se rve fo r lo comotion, re spiration, an d sensation, and often contain spines or set\'91. When well developed, a dorsal part, or notopodium, and a ventral part, or neuropodium, are distinguished. Parapophysis Par`a*poph"y*sis (?), n.; pl. Parapophyses (#). [NL. See Para-, and Apophysis.] (Anat.) The ventral transverse, or capitular, process of a vertebra. See Vertebra. -- Par*ap`o*phys"ic*al (#), a. Parapterum Pa*rap"te*rum (?), n.; pl. Paraptera (#). [NL. See Para-, and Pteron.] (Zo\'94l.) A special plate situated on the sides of the mesothorax and metathorax of certain insects. Paraquet, Paraquito Par`a*quet" (?), Par`a*qui"to (?), n. [See Paroquet.] (Zo\'94l.) See Parrakeet. Parasang Par"a*sang (?), n. [L. parasanga, Gr. farsang.] A Persian measure of length, which, according to Herodotus and Xenophon, was thirty stadia, or somewhat more than three and a half miles. The measure varied in different times and places, and, as now used, is estimated at from three and a half to four English miles. Parascenium Par`a*sce"ni*um (?), n.; pl. Parascenia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Greek & Rom. Antiq.) One of two apartments adjoining the stage, probably used as robing rooms. Parasceve Par`a*sce"ve (?), n. [L., from Gr. 1. Among the Jews, the evening before the Sabbath. [Obs.] Mark xv. 42 (Douay ver.) 2. A preparation. [R.] Donne. Paraschematic Par`a*sche*mat"ic (?), a. [Gr. Of or pertaining to a change from the right form, as in the formation of a word from another by a change of termination, gender, etc. Max M\'81ller. Paraselene Par`a*se*le"ne (?), n.; pl. Paraselen\'91 (#). [NL., from Gr. paras\'82l\'8ane.] (Meteor.) A mock moon; an image of the moon which sometimes appears at the point of intersection of two lunar halos. Cf. Parhelion. Parasita Par`a*si"ta (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) An artificial group formerly made for parasitic insects, as lice, ticks, mites, etc. (b) A division of copepod Crustacea, having a sucking mouth, as the lerneans. They are mostly parasites on fishes. Called also Siphonostomata. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1042 Parasital Par"a*si`tal (?), a. (Bot. & Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to parasites; parasitic. Parasite Par"a*site (?), n. [F., fr. L. parasitus, Gr. 1. One who frequents the tables of the rich, or who lives at another's expense, and earns his welcome by flattery; a hanger-on; a toady; a sycophant. Thou, with trembling fear, Or like a fawning parasite, obey'st. Milton. Parasites were called such smell-feasts as would seek to be free guests at rich men's tables. Udall. 2. (Bot.) (a) A plant obtaining nourishment immediately from other plants to which it attaches itself, and whose juices it absorbs; -- sometimes, but erroneously, called epiphyte. (b) A plant living on or within an animal, and supported at its expense, as many species of fungi of the genus Torrubia. 3. (Zo\'94l.) (a) An animal which lives during the whole or part of its existence on or in the body of some other animal, feeding upon its food, blood, or tissues, as lice, tapeworms, etc. (b) An animal which steals the food of another, as the parasitic jager. (c) An animal which habitually uses the nest of another, as the cowbird and the European cuckoo. Parasitic, Parasitical Par`a*sit"ic (?), Par`a*sit"ic*al (?), a. [L. parasiticus, Gr. parasitique.] 1. Of the nature of a parasite; fawning for food or favors; sycophantic. "Parasitic preachers." Milton. 2. (Bot. & Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to parasites; living on, or deriving nourishment from, some other living animal or plant. See Parasite, 2 & 3. Parasitic gull, Parasitic jager. (Zo\'94l.) See Jager. -- Par`a*sit"ic*al*ly, adv. -- Par`a*sit"ic*al*ness, n. Parasiticide Par`a*sit"i*cide (?), n. [Parasite + L. caedere to kill.] Anything used to destroy parasites. Quain. Parasitism Par"a*si`tism (?), n. [Cf. F. parasitisme.] 1. The state or behavior of a parasite; the act of a parasite. "Court parasitism." Milton. 2. (Bot. & Zo\'94l.)The state of being parasitic. Parasol Par"a*sol` (?), n. [F., fr. Sp. or Pg. parasol, or It. parasole; It. parare to ward off, Sp. & Pg. parar (L. parare to prepare) + It. sole sun, Sp. & Pg. sol (L. sol). See Parry, Solar.] A kind of small umbrella used by women as a protection from the sun. Parasol Par"a*sol`, v. t. To shade as with a parasol. [R.] Parasolette Par`a*sol*ette" (?), n. A small parasol. Parasphenoid Par`a*sphe"noid (?), a. [Pref. para- + sphenoid.] (Anat.) Near the sphenoid bone; -- applied especially to a bone situated immediately beneath the sphenoid in the base of the skull in many animals. -- n. The parasphenoid bone. Parastichy Pa*ras"ti*chy (?), n. [Pref. para- + Gr. (Bot.) A secondary spiral in phyllotaxy, as one of the evident spirals in a pine cone. Parasynaxis Par`a*syn*ax"is (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Civil Law) An unlawful meeting. Parasynthetic Par`a*syn*thet"ic (?), a. [Gr. Para-, and Synthetic.] Formed from a compound word. "Parasynthetic derivatives." Dr. Murray. Paratactic Par`a*tac"tic (?), a. (Gram.) Of pertaining to, or characterized by, parataxis. Parataxis Par`a*tax"is (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Gram.) The mere ranging of propositions one after another, without indicating their connection or interdependence; -- opposed to syntax. Brande & C. Parathesis Pa*rath"e*sis (?), n.; pl. Paratheses (#). [NL., from Gr. 1. (Gram.) The placing of two or more nouns in the same case; apposition. 2. (Rhet.) A parenthetical notice, usually of matter to be afterward expanded. Smart. 3. (Print.) The matter contained within brackets. 4. (Eccl.) A commendatory prayer. Shipley. Parathetic Par`a*thet"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to parathesis. Paratonnerre Pa`ra`ton`nerre" (?), n. [F., fr. parer to parry + tonnerre thunderbolt.] A conductor of lightning; a lightning rod. Paraunter Par*aun"ter (?), adv. [Par + aunter.] Peradventure. See Paraventure. [Obs.] Chaucer. Parauque Pa*rauque" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A bird (Nyctidromus albicollis) ranging from Texas to South America. It is allied to the night hawk and goatsucker. Paravail Par`a*vail" (?), a. [OF. par aval below; par through (L. per) + aval down; a- (L. ad) + val (L. vallis) a valley. Cf. Paramount.] (Eng. Law) At the bottom; lowest. Cowell. NOTE: &hand; In fe udal la w, th e te nant pa ravail is the lowest tenant of the fee, or he who is immediate tenant to one who holds over of another. Wharton. Paravant, Paravant Par"a*vant` (?), Par"a*vant` (?), adv. [OF. par avant. See Par, and lst Avaunt.] 1. In front; publicly. [Obs.] Spenser. 2. Beforehand; first. [Obs.] Spenser. Paraventure Par`a*ven"ture (?), adv. [Par + aventure.] Peradventure; perchance. [Obs.] Chaucer. Paraxanthin Par`a*xan"thin (?), n. [Pref. Para- + xanthin.] (Physiol. Chem.) A crystalline substance closely related to xanthin, present in small quantity in urine. Paraxial Par*ax"i*al (?), a. [Pref. para- + axial.] (Anat.) On either side of the axis of the skeleton. Paraxylene Par`a*xy"lene (?), n. (Chem.) A hydrocarbon of the aromatic series obtained as a colorless liquid by the distillation of camphor with zinc chloride. It is one of the three metamers of xylene. Cf. Metamer, and Xylene. Parboil Par"boil` (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Parboiled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Parboiling.] [OE. parboilen, OF. parbouillir to cook well; par through (see Par) + bouillir to boil, L. bullire. The sense has been influenced by E. part. See lst Boil.] 1. To boil or cook thoroughly. [Obs.] B. Jonson. 2. To boil in part; to cook partially by boiling.<-- the only def. in MW10. Also, used figuratively for "do (something) partly, incompletely" --> Parbreak Par"break` (?), v. i. & t. [Par + break.] To throw out; to vomit. [Obs.] Skelton. Parbreak Par"break`, n. Vomit. [Obs.] Spenser. Parbuckle Par"buc`kle (?), n. (a) A kind of purchase for hoisting or lowering a cylindrical burden, as a cask. The middle of a long rope is made fast aloft, and both parts are looped around the object, which rests in the loops, and rolls in them as the ends are hauled up or payed out. (b) A double sling made of a single rope, for slinging a cask, gun, etc. Parbuckle Par"buc`kle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Parbuckled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Parbuckling (?).] To hoist or lower by means of a parbuckle. Totten. Parc\'91 Par"c\'91 (?), n. pl. [L.] The Fates. See Fate, 4. Parcase Par*case" (?), adv. [Par + case.] Perchance; by chance. [Obs.] Chaucer. Parcel Par"cel (?), n. [F. parcelle a small part, fr. (assumed) LL. particella, dim. of L. pars. See Part, n., and cf. Particle.] 1. A portion of anything taken separately; a fragment of a whole; a part. [Archaic] "A parcel of her woe." Chaucer. Two parcels of the white of an egg. Arbuthnot. The parcels of the nation adopted different forms of self-government. J. A. Symonds. 2. (Law) A part; a portion; a piece; as, a certain piece of land is part and parcel of another piece. 3. An indiscriminate or indefinite number, measure, or quantity; a collection; a group. This youthful parcel Of noble bachelors stand at my disposing. Shak. 4. A number or quantity of things put up together; a bundle; a package; a packet. 'Tis like a parcel sent you by the stage. Cowper. Bill of parcels. See under 6th Bill. -- Parcel office, an office where parcels are received for keeping or forwarding and delivery. -- Parcel post, that department of the post office concerned with the collection and transmission of parcels. -- Part and parcel. See under Part. Parcel Par"cel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Parceled (?) or Parcelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Parceling or Parcelling.] 1. To divide and distribute by parts or portions; -- often with out or into. "Their woes are parceled, mine are general." Shak. These ghostly kings would parcel out my power. Dryden. The broad woodland parceled into farms. Tennyson. 2. To add a parcel or item to; to itemize. [R.] That mine own servant should Parcel the sum of my disgraces by Addition of his envy. Shak. 3. To make up into a parcel; as, to parcel a customer's purchases; the machine parcels yarn, wool, etc. To parcel a rope (Naut.), to wind strips of tarred canvas tightly arround it. Totten. -- To parcel a seam (Naut.), to cover it with a strip of tarred canvas. Parcel Par"cel, a. & adv. Part or half; in part; partially. Shak. [Sometimes hyphened with the word following.] The worthy dame was parcel-blind. Sir W. Scott. One that . . . was parcel-bearded [partially bearded]. Tennyson. Parcel poet, a half poet; a poor poet. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Parceling Par"cel*ing, n. [Written also parcelling.] 1. The act of dividing and distributing in portions or parts. 2. (Naut.) Long, narrow slips of canvas daubed with tar and wound about a rope like a bandage, before it is served; used, also, in mousing on the stayes, etc. Parcel-mele Par"cel-mele` (?), adv. [See Parcel, and Meal a part.] By parcels or parts. [Obs.] Chaucer. Parcenary Par"ce*na*ry (?), n. [See Parcener, partner.] (Law) The holding or occupation of an inheritable estate which descends from the ancestor to two or more persons; coheirship. NOTE: &hand; It differs in many respects from joint tenancy, which is created by deed or devise. In the United States there is no essential distinction between parcenary and tenancy in common. Wharton. Kent. Parcener Par"ce*ner (?), n. [Of. paronnier, parsonnier, fr. parzon, par, parcion, part, portion, fr. L. partitio a division. See Partition, and cf. Partner.] (Law) A coheir, or one of two or more persons to whom an estate of inheritance descends jointly, and by whom it is held as one estate. Parch Parch (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Parched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Parching.] [OE. perchen to pierce, hence used of a piercing heat or cold, OF. perchier, another form of percier, F. percer. See Pierce.] 1. To burn the surface of; to scorch; to roast over the fire, as dry grain; as, to parch the skin; to parch corn. Ye shall eat neither bread, nor parched corn. Lev. xxiii. 14. 2. To dry to extremity; to shrivel with heat; as, the mouth is parched from fever. The ground below is parched. Dryden. Parch Parch, v. i. To become scorched or superficially burnt; to be very dry. "Parch in Afric sun." Shak. Parchedness Parch"ed*ness, n. The state of being parched. Parchesi Par*che"si (?), n. See Pachisi. Parching Parch"ing (?), a. Scorching; burning; drying. "Summer's parching heat." Shak. -- Parch"ing*ly, adv. Parchment Parch"ment (?), n. [OE. parchemin, perchemin, F. parchemin, LL. pergamenum, L. pergamena, pergamina, fr. L. Pergamenus of or belonging to Pergamus an ancient city of Mysia in Asia Minor, where parchment was first used.] 1. The skin of a lamb, sheep, goat, young calf, or other animal, prepared for writing on. See Vellum. But here's a parchment with the seal of C\'91sar. Shak. 2. The envelope of the coffee grains, inside the pulp. Parchment paper. See Papyrine. Parcity Par"ci*ty (?), n. [L. parcitas, fr. parcus sparing.] Sparingless. [Obs.] Parclose Par"close (?), n. [OF. See Perclose.] (Eccl. Arch.) A screen separating a chapel from the body of the church. [Written also paraclose and perclose.] Hook. Pard Pard (?), n. [L. pardus, Gr. p tiger, panther.] (Zo\'94l.) A leopard; a panther. And more pinch-spotted make them Than pard or cat o'mountain. Shak. Pardale Par"dale (?), n. [L. pardalis, Gr. Pard.] (Zo\'94l.) A leopard. [Obs.] Spenser. Parde, Pardie Par*de" (?), Par*die" (?), adv. OR interj. [F. pardi, for par Dieu by God.] Certainly; surely; truly; verily; -- originally an oath. [Written also pardee, pardieux, perdie, etc.] [Obs.] He was, parde, an old fellow of yours. Chaucer. Pardine Par"dine (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Spotted like a pard. Pardine lynx (Zo\'94l.), a species of lynx (Felis pardina) inhabiting Southern Europe. Its color is rufous, spotted with black. Pardo Par"do (?), n. [Pg. pardao, fr. Skr. prat\'bepa splendor, majesty.] A money of account in Goa, India, equivalent to about 2s. 6d. sterling. or 60 cts. Pardon Par"don (?), n. [F., fr. pardonner to pardon. See Pardon, v. t.] 1. The act of pardoning; forgiveness, as of an offender, or of an offense; release from penalty; remission of punishment; absolution. Pardon, my lord, for me and for my tidings. Shak. But infinite in pardon was my judge. Milton. Used in expressing courteous denial or contradiction; as, I crave your pardon; or in indicating that one has not understood another; as, I beg pardon. 2. An official warrant of remission of penalty. Sign me a present pardon for my brother. Shak. 3. The state of being forgiven. South. 4. (Law) A release, by a sovereign, or officer having jurisdiction, from the penalties of an offense, being distinguished from amenesty, which is a general obliteration and canceling of a particular line of past offenses. Syn. -- Forgiveness; remission. See Forgiveness. Pardon Par"don, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pardoned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pardoning.] [Either fr. pardon, n., or from F. pardonner, LL. perdonare; L. per through, thoroughly, perfectly + donare to give, to present. See Par-, and Donation.] 1. To absolve from the consequences of a fault or the punishment of crime; to free from penalty; -- applied to the offender. In this thing the Lord pardon thy servant. 2 Kings v. 18. I pray you, pardon me; pray heartily, pardom me. Shak. 2. To remit the penalty of; to suffer to pass without punishment; to forgive; -- applied to offenses. I pray thee, pardon my sin. 1 S Apollo, pardon My great profaneness 'gainst thine oracle Shak. 3. To refrain from exacting as a penalty. I pardon thee thy life before thou ask it. Shak. 4. To give leave (of departure) to. [Obs.] Even now about it! I will pardon you. Shak. Pardon me, forgive me; excuse me; -- a phrase used also to express courteous denial or contradiction. Syn. -- To forgive; absolve; excuse; overlook; remit; asquit. See Excuse. Pardonable Par"don*a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. pardonnable.] Admitting of pardon; not requiring the excution of penalty; venial; excusable; -- applied to the offense or to the offender; as, a pardonable fault, or culprit. Pardonableness Par"don*a*ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being pardonable; as, the pardonableness of sin. Bp. Hall. Pardonably Par"don*a*bly, adv. In a manner admitting of pardon; excusably. Dryden. Pardoner Par"don*er (?), n. 1. One who pardons. Shak. 2. A seller of indulgences. [Obs.] Chaucer. Pardoning Par"don*ing, a. Relating to pardon; having or exercising the right to pardon; willing to pardon; merciful; as, the pardoning power; a pardoning God. Pare Pare (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pared (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paring.] [F. parer to pare, as a horse's hoofs, to dress or curry, as, leather, to clear, as anchors or cables, to parry, ward off, fr. L. parare to prepare. Cf. Empire, Parade, Pardon, Parry, Prepare.] 1. To cut off, or shave off, the superficial substance or extremities of; as, to pare an apple; to pare a horse's hoof. 2. To remove; to separate; to cut or shave, as the skin, ring, or outside part, from anything; -- followed by off or away; as; to pare off the ring of fruit; to pare away redundancies. 3. Fig.: To diminish the bulk of; to reduce; to lessen. The king began to pare a little the privilege of clergy. Bacon. Paregoric Par`e*gor"ic (?) a. [L. paregoricus, Gr. par\'82gorique. See Allegory.] Mitigating; assuaging or soothing pain; as, paregoric elixir. Paregoric Par`e*gor"ic, n. (Med.) A medicine that mitigates pain; an anodyne; specifically, camphorated tincture of opium; -- called also paregoric elexir. Parelcon Pa*rel"con (?), n. [Gr. (Gram.) The addition of a syllable or particle to the end of a pronoun, verb, or adverb. Parelectronomic Par`e*lec`tro*nom"ic (?), a. (Physiol.) Of or relating to parelectronomy; as, the parelectronomic part of a muscle. Parelectronomy Par*e`lec*tron"o*my (?), n. [Pref. para- + electro- + Gr. (Physiol.) A condition of the muscles induced by exposure to severe cold, in which the electrical action of the muscle is reversed. Parella, Parelle Pa*rel"la (?), Pa`relle (?), n. [Cf. F. parelle.] (Bot.) (a) A name for two kinds of dock (Rumex Patientia and R. Hydrolapathum). (b) A kind of lichen (Lecanora parella) once used in dyeing and in the preparation of litmus. Parembole Pa*rem"bo*le (, n. [NL., from Gr. Para-, and Embolus.] (Rhet.) A kind of parenthesis. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1043 Parement Pare"ment (?), n. See Parament. [Obs.] Paremptosis Par`emp*to"sis (?), n. [NL., from Gr. Same as Parembole. Parenchyma Pa*ren"chy*ma (?), n. [NL., from Gr. parenchyme.] (Biol.) The soft celluar substance of the tissues of plants and animals, like the pulp of leaves, to soft tissue of glands, and the like. Parenchymal Pa*ren"chy*mal (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or consisting of, parenchyma. Parenchymatous, Parenchymous Par`en*chym"a*tous (?), Pa*ren"chy*mous (?), a. [Cf. F. parenchymateux.] Of, pertaining to, or connected with, the parenchyma of a tissue or an organ; as, parenchymatous degeneration. Parenesis Pa*ren"e*sis (?), n. [L. paraenesis, Gr. Exhortation. [R.] Parenetic, Parenetioal Par`e*net"ic (?), Par`e*net"io*al (?), a. [Gr. par\'82n\'82tique.] Hortatory; encouraging; persuasive. [R.] F. Potter. Parent Par"ent (?), n. [L. parens, -entis; akin to parere to bring forth; cf. Gr. parent. Cf. Part.] 1. One who begets, or brings forth, offspring; a father or a mother. Children, obey your parents in the Lord. Eph. vi. 1. 2. That which produces; cause; source; author; begetter; as, idleness is the parent of vice. Regular industry is the parent of sobriety. Channing. Parent cell. (Biol.) See Mother cell, under Mother, also Cytula. -- Parent nucleus (Biol.), a nucleus which, in cell division, divides, and gives rise to two or more daughter nuclei. See Karyokinesis, and Cell division, under Division. Parentage Par"ent*age (?), n. [Cf. F. parentage relationship.] Descent from parents or ancestors; parents or ancestors considered with respect to their rank or character; extraction; birth; as, a man of noble parentage. "Wilt thou deny thy parentage?" Shak. Though men esteem thee low of parentage. Milton. Parental Pa*ren"tal (?), a. [L. parentalis.] 1. Of or pertaining to a parent or to parents; as, parental authority; parental obligations. 2. Becoming to, or characteristic of, parents; tender; affectionate; devoted; as, parental care. The careful course and parental provision of nature. Sir T. Browne. Parentally Pa*ren"tal*ly, adv. In a parental manner. Parentation Par`en*ta"tion (?), n. [L. parentatio, fr. parentare to offer a solemn sacrifice in honor of deceased parents. See Parent.] Something done or said in honor of the dead; obsequies. [Obs.] Abp. Potter. Parentele Par"en`tele` (?), n. [F. parent\'8ale, L. parentela.] Kinship; parentage. [Obs.] Chaucer. Parenthesis Pa*ren"the*sis (?), n.; pl. Parentheses (#). [NL., fr. Gr. Para-, En-, 2, and Thesis.] 1. A word, phrase, or sentence, by way of comment or explanation, inserted in, or attached to, a sentence which would be grammatically complete without it. It is usually inclosed within curved lines (see def. 2 below), or dashes. "Seldom mentioned without a derogatory parenthesis." Sir T. Browne. Don't suffer every occasional thought to carry you away into a long parenthesis. Watts. 2. (Print.) One of the curved lines () which inclose a parenthetic word or phrase. NOTE: &hand; Pa renthesis, in technical grammar, is that part of a sentence which is inclosed within the recognized sign; but many phrases and sentences which are punctuated by commas are logically parenthetical. In def. 1, the phrase "by way of comment or explanation" is inserted for explanation, and the sentence would be grammatically complete without it. The present tendency is to avoid using the distinctive marks, except when confusion would arise from a less conspicuous separation. Parenthesize Pa*ren"the*size (?), v. t. To make a parenthesis of; to include within parenthetical marks. Lowell. Parenthetic, Patenthetical Par`en*thet"ic (?), Pat`en*thet"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. Gr. 1. Of the nature of a parenthesis; pertaining to, or expressed in, or as in, a parenthesis; as, a parenthetical clause; a parenthetic remark. A parenthetical observation of Moses himself. Hales. 2. Using or containing parentheses. Parenthetically Par`en*thet"ic*al*ly, adv. In a parenthetical manner; by way of parenthesis; by parentheses. Parenthood Par"ent*hood (?), n. The state of a parent; the office or character of a parent. Parentticide Pa*rent"ti*cide (?), n. [L. parenticida a parricide; parens parent + caedere to kill.] 1. The act of one who kills one's own parent. [R.] 2. One who kills one's own parent; a parricide. [R.] Parentless Par"ent*less (?), a. Deprived of parents. Parepididymis Par*ep`i*did"y*mis (?), n. [NL. See Para-, and Epididymis.] (Anat.) A small body containing convoluted tubules, situated near the epididymis in man and some other animals, and supposed to be a remnant of the anterior part of the Wolffian body. Parer Par"er (?), n. [From Pare, v. t.] One who, or that which, pares; an instrument for paring. Parergon Pa*rer"gon (?), n. [L.] See Parergy. Parergy Par"er*gy (?), n. [L. parergon, Gr. Something unimportant, incidental, or superfluous. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Paresis Par"e*sis (?), n. [NL., from Gr. (Med.) Incomplete paralysis, affecting motion but not sensation. Parethmoid Par*eth"moid (?), a. [Pref. para- + ethmoid.] (Anat.) Near or beside the ethmoid bone or cartilage; -- applied especially to a pair of bones in the nasal region of some fishes, and to the ethmoturbinals in some higher animals. -- n. A parethmoid bone. Paretic Pa*ret"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to paresis; affected with paresis. Parfay Par*fay" (?), interj. [Par + fay.] By my faith; verily. [Obs.] Chaucer. Parfit Par"fit (?), a. Perfect. [Obs.] Chaucer. Parfitly Par"fit*ly, adv. Perfectly. [Obs.] Chaucer. Parforn, Parfourn Par*forn" (?), Par*fourn" (?), v. t. To perform. [Obs.] Chaucer. Piers Plowman. Pargasite Par"gas*ite (?), n. [So called from Pargas, in Finland.] (Min.) A dark green aluminous variety of amphibole, or hornblende. Pargeboard Parge"board` (?), n. See Bargeboard. Parget Par"get (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pargeted; p. pr. & vb. n. Pargeting.] [OE. pargeten, also spargeten, sparchen; of uncertain origin.] 1. To coat with parget; to plaster, as walls, or the interior of flues; as, to parget the outside of their houses. Sir T. Herbert. The pargeted ceiling with pendants. R. L. Stevenson. 2. To paint; to cover over. [Obs.] Parget Par"get, v. i. 1. To lay on plaster. 2. To paint, as the face. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Parget Par"get, n. 1. Gypsum or plaster stone. 2. Plaster, as for lining the interior of flues, or for stuccowork. Knight. 3. Paint, especially for the face. [Obs.] Drayton. Pargeter Par"get*er (?), n. A plasterer. Johnson. Pargeting Par"get*ing, n. [Written also pargetting.] Plasterwork; esp.: (a) A kind of decorative plasterwork in raised ornamental figures, formerly used for the internal and external decoration of houses. (b) In modern architecture, the plastering of the inside of flues, intended to give a smooth surface and help the draught. Pargetory Par"get*o*ry (?), n. Something made of, or covered with, parget, or plaster. [Obs.] Milton. Parhelic Par*he"lic (?), a. Of or pertaining to parhelia. Parhelion Par*hel"ion (?), n.; pl. Parhelia (#). [L. parelion, Gr. A mock sun appearing in the form of a bright light, sometimes near the sun, and tinged with colors like the rainbow, and sometimes opposite to the sun. The latter is usually called an anthelion. Often several mock suns appear at the same time. Cf. Paraselene. Parhelium Par*he"li*um (?), n. See Parhelion. Pari- Par"i- (?). [L. par, paris, equal.] A combining form signifying equal; as, paridigitate, paripinnate. Pariah Pa"ri*ah (?), n. [From Tamil paraiyan, pl. paraiyar, one of the low caste, fr. parai a large drum, because they beat the drums at certain festivals.] 1. One of an aboriginal people of Southern India, regarded by the four castes of the Hindoos as of very low grade. They are usually the serfs of the Sudra agriculturalists. See Caste. Balfour (Cyc. of India). 2. An outcast; one despised by society. Pariah dog (Zo\'94l.), a mongrel race of half-wild dogs which act as scavengers in Oriental cities. -- Pariah kite (Zo\'94l.), a species of kite (Milvus govinda) which acts as a scavenger in India. Parial Pa*ri"al (?), n. See Pair royal, under Pair, n. Parian Pa"ri*an (?), a. [L. Parius.] Of or pertaining to Paros, an island in the \'92gean Sea noted for its excellent statuary marble; as, Parian marble. Parian chronicle, a most ancient chronicle of the city of Athens, engraved on marble in the Isle of Paros, now among the Arundelian marbles. Parian Pa"ri*an, n. 1. A native or inhabitant of Paros. 2. A ceramic ware, resembling unglazed porcelain biscuit, of which are made statuettes, ornaments, etc. Paridigitata Par`i*dig`i*ta"ta (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pari-, and Digitate.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Artiodactyla. Parjdigitate Par`j*dig"i*tate (?), a. (Anat.) Having an evennumber of digits on the hands or the feet. Qwen. Paries Pa"ri*es (?), n.; pl. Parietes (#). [See Parietes.] (Zo\'94l.) The triangular middle part of each segment of the shell of a barnacle. Parietal Pa*ri"e*tal (?), a. [L. parietalis, fr. paries, -ietis, a wall: cf. F. pari\'82tal. Cf. Parietary, Pellitory.] 1. Of or pertaining to a wall; hence, pertaining to buildings or the care of them. 2. Resident within the walls or buildings of a college. At Harvard College, the officers resident within the college walls constitute a permanent standing committee, called the Parietal Committee. B. H. Hall (1856). 3. (Anat.) (a) Of pertaining to the parietes. (b) Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the parietal bones, which form the upper and middle part of the cranium, between the frontals and occipitals. 4. (Bot.) Attached to the main wall of the ovary, and not to the axis; -- said of a placenta. Parietal Pa*ri"e*tal, n. 1. (Anat.) One of the parietal bones. 2. (Zo\'94l.) One of the special scales, or plates, covering the back of the head in certain reptiles and fishes. Parietary Pa*ri"e*ta*ry (?), a. See Parietal, 2. Parietary Pa*ri"e*ta*ry, n. [L. parietaria, fr. parietarius parietal. Cf. Pellitory, Parietal.] (Bot.) Any one of several species of Parietaria. See 1st Pellitory. Parietes Pa*ri"e*tes (?), n. pl. [L. paries a wall.] 1. (Anat.) The walls of a cavity or an organ; as, the abdominal parietes; the parietes of the cranium. 2. (Bot.) The sides of an ovary or of a capsule. Parietic Pa`ri*et"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid found in the lichen Parmelia parietina, and called also chrysophanic acid. Parietine Pa*ri"e*tine (?), n. [L. parietinus parietal: cf. parietinae ruined walls.] A piece of a fallen wall; a ruin. [Obs.] Burton. Parieto- Pa*ri"e*to- (. (Anat.) A combining form used to indicate connection with, or relation to, the parietal bones or the parietal segment of the skull; as, the parieto-mastoid suture. Parigenin Pa*rig"e*nin (?), n. [Parillin + -gen + -in.] (Chem.) A curdy white substance, obtained by the decomposition of parillin. Parillin Pa*ril"lin (?), n. [Shortened fr. sarsaparillin.] (Chem.) A glucoside resembling saponin, found in the root of sarsaparilla, smilax, etc., and extracted as a bitter white crystalline substance; -- called also smilacin, sarsaparilla saponin, and sarsaparillin. Paring Par"ing (?), n. [From Pare, v. t.] 1. The act of cutting off the surface or extremites of anything. 2. That which is pared off. Pope. Pare off the surface of the earth, and with the parings raise your hills. Mortimer. Paripinnate Par`i*pin"nate (?), a. [Pari- + pinnate.] (Bot.) Pinnate with an equal number of leaflets on each side; having no odd leaflet at the end. Paris Par"is (?), n. [From Paris, the son of Priam.] (Bot.) A plant common in Europe (Paris quadrifolia); herb Paris; truelove. It has been used as a narcotic. NOTE: &hand; It much resembles the American genus Trillium, but has usually four leaves and a tetramerous flower. Paris Par"is, n. The chief city of France. Paris green. See under Green, n. -- Paris white (Chem.), purified chalk used as a pigment; whiting; Spanish white. Parish Par"ish (?), n. [OE. parishe, paresche, parosche, OF. paroisse, parosse, paroiche, F. paroisse, L. parochia, corrupted fr. paroecia, Gr. vicus village. See Vicinity, and cf. Parochial.] 1. (Eccl. & Eng. Law) (a) That circuit of ground committed to the charge of one parson or vicar, or other minister having cure of souls therein. Cowell. (b) The same district, constituting a civil jurisdiction, with its own officers and regulations, as respects the poor, taxes, etc. NOTE: &hand; Populous and extensive parishes are now divided, under various parliamentary acts, into smaller ecclesiastical districts for spiritual purposes. Mozley & W. 2. An ecclesiastical society, usually not bounded by territorial limits, but composed of those persons who choose to unite under the charge of a particular priest, clergyman, or minister; also, loosely, the territory in which the members of a congregation live. [U. S.] 3. In Louisiana, a civil division corresponding to a county in other States. Parish Par"ish, a. Of or pertaining to a parish; parochial; as, a parish church; parish records; a parish priest; maintained by the parish; as, parish poor. Dryden. Parish clerk. (a) The clerk or recording officer of a parish. (b) A layman who leads in the responses and otherwise assists in the service of the Church of England. -- Parish court, in Louisiana, a court in each parish. Parishen Par"ish*en (?), n. A parishioner. [Obs.] Chaucer. Parishional Pa*rish"ion*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a parish; parochial. [R.] Bp. Hall. Parishioner Pa*rish"ion*er (?), n. [F. paroissien, LL. parochianus.] One who belongs to, or is connected with, a parish. Parisian Pa*ri"sian (?), n. [Cf. F. parisen.] A native or inhabitant of Paris, the capital of France. Parisian Pa*ri"sian, a. Of or pertaining to Paris. Parisienne Pa`ri`si`enne" (?), n. [F.] A female native or resident of Paris. Parisology Par`i*sol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] The use of equivocal or ambiguous words. [R.] Parisyllabic, Parisyllabical Par`i*syl*lab"ic (?), Par`i*syl*lab"ic*al (?), a. [Pari- + syllabic, -ical: cf. F. parisyllabique.] Having the same number of syllables in all its inflections. Paritor Par"i*tor (?), n. [Abbrev. fr. apparitor: cf. L. paritor a servant, attendant.] An apparitor. "Summoned by an host of paritors." Dryden. Paritory Par"i*to*ry (?), n. Pellitory. [Obs.] Chaucer. Parity Par"i*ty (?), n. [L. paritas, fr. par, paris, equal: cf. F. parit\'82. See Pair, Peer an equal.] The quality or condition of being equal or equivalent; A like state or degree; equality; close correspondence; analogy; as, parity of reasoning. "No parity of principle." De Quincey. Equality of length and parity of numeration. Sir T. Browne. Park Park (?), n. [AS. pearroc, or perh. rather fr. F. parc; both being of the same origin; cf. LL. parcus, parricus, Ir. & Gael. pairc, W. park, parwg. Cf. Paddock an inclosure, Parrock.] 1. (Eng. Law) A piece of ground inclosed, and stored with beasts of the chase, which a man may have by prescription, or the king's grant. Mozley & W. 2. A tract of ground kept in its natural state, about or adjacent to a residence, as for the preservation of game, for walking, riding, or the like. Chaucer. While in the park I sing, the listening deer Attend my passion, and forget to fear. Waller. 3. A piece of ground, in or near a city or town, inclosed and kept for ornament and recreation; as, Hyde Park in London; Central Park in New York. 4. (Mil.) A space occupied by the animals, wagons, pontoons, and materials of all kinds, as ammunition, ordnance stores, hospital stores, provisions, etc., when brought together; also, the objects themselves; as, a park of wagons; a park of artillery. 5. A partially inclosed basin in which oysters are grown. [Written also parc.] Park of artillery. See under Artillery. -- Park phaeton, a small, low carriage, for use in parks. Park Park, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Parked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Parking.] 1. To inclose in a park, or as in a park. How are we parked, and bounded in a pale. Shak. 2. (Mil.) To bring together in a park, or compact body; as, to park the artillery, the wagons, etc. Parker Park"er (?), n, The keeper of a park. Sir M. Hale. Parkeria Par*ke"ri*a (?), n. [NL. So named from W. K. Parker, a British zo\'94logist.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of large arenaceous fossil Foraminifera found in the Cretaceous rocks. The species are globular, or nearly so, and are of all sizes up to that of a tennis ball. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1044 Parkesine Parkes"ine (?), n. [So called from Mr. Parkes, the inventor.] A compound, originally made from gun cotton and castor oil, but later from different materials, and used as a substitute for vulcanized India rubber and for ivory; -- called also xylotile. Parkleaves Park"leaves` (?), n. (Bot.) A European species of Saint John's-wort; the tutsan. See Tutsan. Parlance Par"lance (?), n. [OF., fr. F. parler to speak. See Parley.] Conversation; discourse; talk; diction; phrase; as, in legal parlance; in common parlance. A hate of gossip parlance and of sway. Tennyson. Parlando, Parlante Par*lan"do (?), Par*lan"te (?), a. & adv. [It.] (Mus.) Speaking; in a speaking or declamatory manner; to be sung or played in the style of a recitative. Parle Parle (?), v. i. [F. parler. See Parley.] To talk; to converse; to parley. [Obs.] Shak. Finding himself too weak, began to parle. Milton. Parle Parle, n. Conversation; talk; parley. [Obs.] They ended parle, and both addressed for fight. Milton. Parley Par"ley (?), n.; pl. Parleys (#). [F. parler speech, talk, fr. parler to speak, LL. parabolare, fr. L. parabola a comparison, parable, in LL., a word. See Parable, and cf. Parliament, Parlor.] Mutual discourse or conversation; discussion; hence, an oral conference with an enemy, as with regard to a truce. We yield on parley, but are stormed in vain. Dryden. To beat a parley (Mil.), to beat a drum, or sound a trumpet, as a signal for holding a conference with the enemy. Parley Par"ley, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Parleyed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Parleying.] To speak with another; to confer on some point of mutual concern; to discuss orally; hence, specifically, to confer orally with an enemy; to treat with him by words, as on an exchange of prisoners, an armistice, or terms of peace. They are at hand, To parley or to fight; therefore prepare. Shak. Parliament Par"lia*ment (?), n. [OE. parlement, F. parlement, fr. parler to speak; cf. LL. parlamentum, parliamentum. See Parley.] 1. A parleying; a discussion; a conference. [Obs.] But first they held their parliament. Rom. of R. 2. A formal conference on public affairs; a general council; esp., an assembly of representatives of a nation or people having authority to make laws. They made request that it might be lawful for them to summon a parliament of Gauls. Golding. 3. The assembly of the three estates of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, viz., the lords spiritual, lords temporal, and the representatives of the commons, sitting in the House of Lords and the House of Commons, constituting the legislature, when summoned by the royal authority to consult on the affairs of the nation, and to enact and repeal laws. NOTE: &hand; Th ought th e so vereign is a constituting branch of Parliament, the word is generally used to denote the three estates named above. 4. In France, before the Revolution of 1789, one of the several principal judicial courts. Parliament heel, the inclination of a ship when made to careen by shifting her cargo or ballast. -- Parliament hinge (Arch.), a hinge with so great a projection from the wall or frame as to allow a door or shutter to swing back flat against the wall. -- Long Parliament, Rump Parliament. See under Long, and Rump. Parliamental Par`lia*men"tal (?), a. Parliamentary. [Obs.] Parliamentarian Par`lia*men*ta"ri*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Parliament. Wood. Parliamentarian Par`lia*men*ta"ri*an, n. 1. (Eng. Hist.) One who adhered to the Parliament, in opposition to King Charles I. Walpole. 2. One versed in the rules and usages of Parliament or similar deliberative assemblies; as, an accomplished parliamentarian. Parliamentarily Par`lia*men"ta*ri*ly (?), adv. In a parliamentary manner. Parliamentary Par`lia*men"ta*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. parlementaire.] 1. Of or pertaining to Parliament; as, parliamentary authority. Bacon. 2. Enacted or done by Parliament; as, a parliamentary act. Sir M. Hale. 3. According to the rules and usages of Parliament or of deliberative bodies; as, a parliamentary motion. Parliamentary agent, a person, usually a solicitor, professionally employed by private parties to explain and recommend claims, bills, etc., under consideration of Parliament. [Eng.] -- Parliamentary train, one of the trains which, by act of Parliament, railway companies are required to run for the conveyance of third-class passengers at a reduced rate. [Eng.] Parlor Par"lor (?), n. [OE. parlour, parlur, F. parloir, LL. parlatorium. See Parley.] [Written also parlour.] A room for business or social conversation, for the reception of guests, etc. Specifically: (a) The apartment in a monastery or nunnery where the inmates are permitted to meet and converse with each other, or with visitors and friends from without. Piers Plowman. (b) In large private houses, a sitting room for the family and for familiar guests, -- a room for less formal uses than the drawing-room. Esp., in modern times, the dining room of a house having few apartments, as a London house, where the dining parlor is usually on the ground floor. (c) Commonly, in the United States, a drawing-room, or the room where visitors are received and entertained. NOTE: &hand; "I n En gland people who have a drawing-room no longer call it a parlor, as they called it of old and till recently." Fitzed. Hall. Parior car. See Palace car, under Car. Parlous Par"lous (?), a. [For perlous, a contr. fr. perilous.] 1. Attended with peril; dangerous; as, a parlous cough. [Archaic] "A parlous snuffing." Beau. & Fl. 2. Venturesome; bold; mischievous; keen. [Obs.] "A parlous boy." Shak. "A parlous wit." Dryden. -- Par"lous*ly, adv. [Obs.] -- Par"lous*ness, n. [Obs.] Parmesan Par`me*san" (?), a. [F. parmesan, It. parmigiano.] Of or pertaining to Parma in Italy. Parmesan cheese, a kind of cheese of a rich flavor, though from skimmed milk, made in Parma, Italy. Parnassia Par*nas"si*a (?), n. [NL.] (Bot.) A genus of herbs growing in wet places, and having white flowers; grass of Parnassus. Parnassian Par*nas"sian (?), a. [L. Parnassius.] Of or pertaining to Parnassus. Parnassian Par*nas"sian, n. [See Parnassus.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of butterflies belonging to the genus Parnassius. They inhabit the mountains, both in the Old World and in America. Parnassus Par*nas"sus (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Anc. Geog. & Gr. Myth.) A mountain in Greece, sacred to Apollo and the Muses, and famous for a temple of Apollo and for the Castalian spring. Grass of Parnassus. (Bot.) See under Grass, and Parnassia. -- To climb Parnassus, to write poetry. [Colloq.] Paroccipital Par`oc*cip"i*tal (?), a. [Pref. para- + occipital.] (Anat.) Situated near or beside the occipital condyle or the occipital bone; paramastoid; -- applied especially to a process of the skull in some animals. Parochial Pa*ro"chi*al (?), a. [LL. parochialis, from L. parochia. See Parish.] Of or pertaining to a parish; restricted to a parish; as, parochial duties. "Parochial pastors." Bp. Atterbury. Hence, limited; narrow. "The parochial mind." W. Black. Parochialism Pa*ro"chi*al*ism (?), n. The quality or state of being parochial in form or nature; a system of management peculiar to parishes. Parochiality Pa*ro`chi*al"i*ty (?), n. The state of being parochial. [R.] Sir J. Marriot. Parochialize Pa*ro"chi*al*ize (?), v. t. To render parochial; to form into parishes. Parochially Pa*ro"chi*al*ly, adv. In a parochial manner; by the parish, or by parishes. Bp. Stillingfleet. Parochian Pa*ro"chi*an (?), a. [See Parochial, Parishioner.] Parochial. [Obs.] "Parochian churches." Bacon. Parochian Pa*ro"chi*an, n. [LL. parochianus.] A parishioner. [Obs.] Ld. Burleigh. Parodic, Parodical Pa*rod"ic (?), Pa*rod"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. parodique.] Having the character of parody. Very paraphrastic, and sometimes parodical. T. Warton. Parodist Par"o*dist (?), n. [Cf. F. parodiste.] One who writes a parody; one who parodies. Coleridge. Parody Par"o*dy (?), n.; pl. Parodies (#). [L. parodia, Gr. parodie. See Para-, and Ode.] 1. A writing in which the language or sentiment of an author is mimicked; especially, a kind of literary pleasantry, in which what is written on one subject is altered, and applied to another by way of burlesque; travesty. The lively parody which he wrote . . . on Dryden's "Hind and Panther" was received with great applause. Macaulay. 2. A popular maxim, adage, or proverb. [Obs.] Parody Par"o*dy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Parodied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Parodying.] [Cf. F. parodier.] To write a parody upon; to burlesque. I have translated, or rather parodied, a poem of Horace. Pope. Paroket Par"o*ket` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Paroquet. Parol Pa*rol" (?), n. [See Parole, the same word.] 1. A word; an oral utterance. [Obs.] 2. (Law) Oral declaration; word of mouth; also, a writing not under seal. Blackstone. Parol Pa*rol", a. Given or done by word of mouth; oral; also, given by a writing not under seal; as, parol evidence. Parol arrest (Law), an arrest in pursuance of a verbal order from a magistrate. -- Parol contract (Law), any contract not of record or under seal, whether oral or written; a simple contract. Chitty. Story. Parole Pa*role" (?), n. [F. parole. See Parley, and cf. Parol.] 1. A word; an oral utterance. [Obs.] 2. Word of promise; word of honor; plighted faith; especially (Mil.), promise, upon one's faith and honor, to fulfill stated conditions, as not to bear arms against one's captors, to return to custody, or the like. This man had forfeited his military parole. Macaulay. 3. (Mil.) A watchword given only to officers of guards; -- distinguished from countersign, which is given to all guards. 4. (Law) Oral declaration. See lst Parol, 2. Parole Pa*role", a. See 2d Parol. Parole Pa*role", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paroled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paroling.] (Mil.) To set at liberty on parole; as, to parole prisoners. Paromology Par`o*mol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. fr. Homologous.] (Rhet.) A concession to an adversary in order to strengthen one's own argument. Paronomasia Par`o*no*ma"si*a (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Rhet.) A play upon words; a figure by which the same word is used in different senses, or words similar in sound are set in opposition to each other, so as to give antithetical force to the sentence; punning. Dryden. Paronomastic, Paronomastical Par`o*no*mas"tic (?), Par`o*no*mas"tic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to paronomasia; consisting in a play upon words. Paronomasy Par`o*nom"a*sy (?), n. [Cf. F. paronomasie.] Paronomasia. [R.] B. Jonson. Paronychia Par`o*nych"i*a (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Med.) A whitlow, or felon. Quincy. Paronym Par"o*nym (?), n. A paronymous word. [Written also paronyme.] Paronymous Pa*ron"y*mous (?), a. [Gr. 1. Having the same derivation; allied radically; conjugate; -- said of certain words, as man, mankind, manhood, etc. 2. Having a similar sound, but different orthography and different meaning; -- said of certain words, as al and awl; hair and hare, etc. Paronymy Pa*ron"y*my, n. The quality of being paronymous; also, the use of paronymous words. Paro\'94phoron Par`o*\'94ph"o*ron (?), n. [NL., from Gr. Para-) + (Anat.) A small mass of tubules near the ovary in some animals, and corresponding with the parepididymis of the male. Paroquet Par"o*quet` (?), n. [F. perroquet, or Sp. periquito; both prob. orig. meaning, little Peter. See Parrot.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Parrakeet. [Written also paroket, parroquet, and perroquet.] Paroquet auk OR auklet (Zo\'94l.), a small auk (Cyclorrhynchus psittaculus) inhabiting the coast and islands of Alaska. The upper parts are dark slate, under parts white, bill orange red. Called also perroquet auk. Parorchis Pa*ror"chis (?), n. [NL. See Para-, and Orchis.] (Anat.) The part of the epididymis; or the corresponding part of the excretory duct of the testicle, which is derived from the Wolffian body. Parosteal Pa*ros"te*al (?), (Physiol.) Of or pertaining to parostosis; as, parosteal ossification. Parostosis Par`os*to"sis (?), n. [NL. See Para-, and Ostosis.] (Physiol.) Ossification which takes place in purely fibrous tracts; the formation of bone outside of the periosteum. Parostotic Par`os*tot"ic (?), a. Pertaining to parostosis. Parotic Pa*rot"ic (?), a. [See Parotid.] (Anat.) On the side of the auditory capsule; near the external ear. Parotic region (Zo\'94l.), the space around the ears. Parotid Pa*rot"id (?), a. [L. parotis, -idis, Gr. parotide. ] (Anat.) (a) Situated near the ear; -- applied especially to the salivary gland near the ear. (b) Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the parotid gland. Parotid gland (Anat.), one of the salivary glands situated just in front of or below the ear. It is the largest of the salivary glands in man, and its duct opens into the interior of the mouth opposite the second molar of the upper jaw. Parotid Pa*rot"id, n. (Anat.) The parotid gland. Parotitis Par`o*ti"tis (?), n. [NL. See Parotid, and -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the parotid glands. Epidemic, OR Infectious, parotitis, mumps. Parotoid Par"o*toid (?), a. [Parotid + -oid.] (Anat.) Resembling the parotid gland; -- applied especially to cutaneous glandular elevations above the ear in many toads and frogs. -- n. A parotoid gland. Parousia Pa*rou"si*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Parusia.] (a) The nativity of our Lord. (b) The last day. Shipley. Parovarium Par`o*va"ri*um (?), n. [NL. See Para-, and Ovarium.] (Anat.) A group of tubules, a remnant of the Wolffian body, often found near the ovary or oviduct; the epo\'94phoron. Paroxysm Par"ox*ysm (?), n. [F. paroxysme, Gr. 1. (Med.) The fit, attack, or exacerbation, of a disease that occurs at intervals, or has decided remissions or intermissions. Arbuthnot. 2. Any sudden and violent emotion; spasmodic passion or action; a convulsion; a fit. The returning paroxysms of diffidence and despair. South. Paroxysmal Par`ox*ys"mal (?), a. Of the nature of a paroxysm; characterized or accompanied by paroxysms; as, a paroxysmal pain; paroxysmal temper. -- Par`ox*ys"mal*ly, adv. Paroxytone Par*ox"y*tone (?), n. [Gr. a. See Para-, and Oxytone.] (Gr. Gram.) A word having an acute accent on the penultimate syllable. Parquet Par*quet" (?), n. [F. See Parquetry.] 1. A body of seats on the floor of a music hall or theater nearest the orchestra; but commonly applied to the whole lower floor of a theater, from the orchestra to the dress circle; the pit. 2. Same as Parquetry. Parquetage Par"quet*age (?), n. See Parquetry. Parqueted Par"quet*ed, a. Formed in parquetry; inlaid with wood in small and differently colored figures. One room parqueted with yew, which I liked well. Evelyn. Parquetry Par"quet*ry (?), n. [F. parqueterie, fr. parquet inlaid flooring, fr. parquet, dim. of parc an inclosure. See Park.] A species of joinery or cabinet-work consisting of an inlay of geometric or other patterns, generally of different colors, -- used especially for floors. Parquette Par*quette" (?), n. See Parquet. Parr Parr (?), n. [Cf. Gael. & Ir. bradan a salmon.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) A young salmon in the stage when it has dark transverse bands; -- called also samlet, skegger, and fingerling. (b) A young leveret. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1045 Parrakeet, Parakeet Par"ra*keet` (?), Par"a*keet`, n. [See Paroquet.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of small parrots having a graduated tail, which is frequently very long; -- called also paroquet and paraquet. NOTE: &hand; Ma ny of the Asiatic and Australian species belong to the genus Paleornis; others belong to Polytelis, Platycercus, Psephotus, Euphema, and allied genera. The American parrakeets mostly belong to the genus Conurus, as the Carolina parrakeet (C. Carolinensis). Parral, Parrel Par"ral (?), Par"rel (?), n. [F. appareil. See Apparel, n.] 1. (Naut.) The rope or collar by which a yard or spar is held to the mast in such a way that it may be hoisted or lowered at pleasure. Totten. 2. A chimney-piece. Halliwell. Parraqua Par*ra"qua (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A curassow of the genus Ortalida, allied to the guan. Parrhesia Par*rhe"si*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Rhet.) Boldness or freedom of speech. Parricidal Par"ri*ci`dal (?), a. [L. parricidalis, parricidialis. See Parricide.] Of or pertaining to parricide; guilty of parricide. Parricide Par"ri*cide (?), n. [F., fr. L. parricida; pater father + caedere to kill. See Father, Homicide, and cf. Patricide.] 1. Properly, one who murders one's own father; in a wider sense, one who murders one's father or mother or any ancestor. 2. [L. parricidium.] The act or crime of murdering one's own father or any ancestor. Parricidious Par`ri*cid"i*ous (?), a. Parricidal. [Obs.] Parrock Par"rock (?), n. [AS. pearruc, pearroc. See Park.] A croft, or small field; a paddock. [Prov. Eng.] Parrot Par"rot (?), n. [Prob. fr. F. Pierrot, dim. of Pierre Peter. F. pierrot is also the name of the sparrow. Cf. Paroquet, Petrel, Petrify.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) In a general sense, any bird of the order Psittaci. 2. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of Psittacus, Chrysotis, Pionus, and other genera of the family Psittacid\'91, as distinguished from the parrakeets, macaws, and lories. They have a short rounded or even tail, and often a naked space on the cheeks. The gray parrot, or jako (P. erithacus) of Africa (see Jako), and the species of Amazon, or green, parrots (Chrysotis) of America, are examples. Many species, as cage birds, readily learn to imitate sounds, and to repeat words and phrases. Carolina parrot (Zo\'94l.), the Carolina parrakeet. See Parrakeet. -- Night parrot, OR Owl parrot. (Zo\'94l.) See Kakapo. -- Parrot coal, cannel coal; -- so called from the crackling and chattering sound it makes in burning. [Eng. & Scot.] -- Parrot green. (Chem.) See Scheele's green, under Green, n. -- Parrot weed (Bot.), a suffrutescent plant (Bocconia frutescens) of the Poppy family, native of the warmer parts of America. It has very large, sinuate, pinnatifid leaves, and small, panicled, apetalous flowers. -- Parrot wrasse, Parrot fish (Zo\'94l.), any fish of the genus Scarus. One species (S. Cretensis), found in the Mediterranean, is esteemed by epicures, and was highly prized by the ancient Greeks and Romans. Parrot Par"rot, v. t. To repeat by rote, as a parrot. Parrot Par"rot, v. i. To chatter like a parrot. Parroter Par"rot*er (?), n. One who simply repeats what he has heard. [R.] J. S. Mill. Parrotry Par"rot*ry (?), n. Servile imitation or repetition. [R.] Coleridge. "The supine parrotry." Fitzed. Hall. Parrot's-bill Par"rot's-bill` (?), n. [So called from the resemblance of its curved superior petal to a parrot's bill.] (Bot.) The glory pea. See under Glory. Parry Par"ry (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Parried (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Parrying.] [F. par\'82, p. p. of parer. See Pare, v. t.] 1. To ward off; to stop, or to turn aside; as, to parry a thrust, a blow, or anything that means or threatens harm. Locke. Vice parries wide The undreaded volley with a sword of straw. Cowper. 2. To avoid; to shift or put off; to evade. The French government has parried the payment of our claims. E. Everett. Parry Par"ry, v. i. To ward off, evade, or turn aside something, as a blow, argument, etc. Locke. Parry Par"ry, n.; pl. Parries (. A warding off of a thrust or blow, as in sword and bayonet exercises or in boxing; hence, figuratively, a defensive movement in debate or other intellectual encounter. Parse Parse (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Parsed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Parsing.] [L. pars a part; pars orationis a part of speech. See Part, n.] (Gram.) To resolve into its elements, as a sentence, pointing out the several parts of speech, and their relation to each other by government or agreement; to analyze and describe grammatically. Let him construe the letter into English, and parse it over perfectly. Ascham. Parsee Par"see (?), n. [Hind. & Per. p\'bers\'c6 a Persian, a follower of Zoroaster, a fire worshiper. Cf. Persian.] 1. One of the adherents of the Zoroastrian or ancient Persian religion, descended from Persian refugees settled in India; a fire worshiper; a Gheber. 2. The Iranian dialect of much of the religious literature of the Parsees. Parseeism Par"see*ism (?), n. The religion and customs of the Parsees. Parser Pars"er (?), n. One who parses. Parsimonious Par`si*mo"ni*ous (?), a. [Cf. F. parcimonieux. See Parsimony.] Exhibiting parsimony; sparing in expenditure of money; frugal to excess; penurious; niggardly; stingy. -- Par`si*mo"ni*ous*ly, adv. -- Par`si*mo"ni*ous*ness, n. A prodigal king is nearer a tyrant than a parsimonious. Bacon. Extraordinary funds for one campaign may spare us the expense of many years; whereas a long, parsimonious war will drain us of more men and money. Addison. Syn. -- Covetous; niggardly; miserly; penurious; close; saving; mean; stingy; frugal. See Avaricious. Parsimony Par"si*mo*ny (?), n. [L. parsimonia, parcimonia; cf. parcere to spare, parsus sparing: cf. F. parcimonie.] Closeness or sparingness in the expenditure of money; -- generally in a bad sense; excessive frugality; niggardliness. Bacon. Awful parsimony presided generally at the table. Thackeray. Syn. -- Economy; frugality; illiberality; covetousness; closeness; stinginess. See Economy. Parsley Pars"ley (?), n. [OE. persely, persil, F. persil, L. petroselinum rock parsley, Gr. Celery.] (Bot.) An aromatic umbelliferous herb (Carum Petroselinum), having finely divided leaves which are used in cookery and as a garnish. As she went to the garden for parsley, to stuff a rabbit. Shak. Fool's parsley. See under Fool. -- Hedge parsley, Milk parsley, Stone parsley, names given to various weeds of similar appearance to the parsley. -- Parsley fern (Bot.), a small fern with leaves resembling parsley (Cryptogramme crispa). -- Parsley piert (Bot.), a small herb (Alchemilla arvensis) formerly used as a remedy for calculus. Parsnip Pars"nip (?), n. [OE. parsnepe, from a French form, fr. L. pastinaca; cf. pastinare to dig up, pastinum a kind of dibble; cf. OF. pastenade, pastenaque.] (Bot.) The aromatic and edible spindle-shaped root of the cultivated form of the Pastinaca sativa, a biennial umbelliferous plant which is very poisonous in its wild state; also, the plant itself. Cow parsnip. See Cow parsnip. -- Meadow parsnip, the European cow parsnip. -- Poison parsnip, the wild stock of the parsnip. -- Water parsnip, any plant of the umbelliferous genus Sium, the species of which are poisonous. Parson Par"son (?), n. [OE. persone person, parson, OF. persone, F. personne person, LL. persona (sc. ecclesiae), fr. L. persona a person. See Person.] 1. (Eng. Eccl. Law) A person who represents a parish in its ecclesiastical and corporate capacities; hence, the rector or incumbent of a parochial church, who has full possession of all the rights thereof, with the cure of souls. 2. Any clergyman having ecclesiastical preferment; one who is in orders, or is licensed to preach; a preacher. He hears the parson pray and preach. Longfellow. Parson bird (Zo\'94l.), a New Zealand bird (Prosthemadera Nov\'91seelandi\'91) remarkable for its powers of mimicry and its ability to articulate words. Its color is glossy black, with a curious tuft of long, curly, white feathers on each side of the throat. It is often kept as a cage bird. Parsonage Par"son*age (?), n. 1. (Eng. Eccl. Law) A certain portion of lands, tithes, and offerings, for the maintenance of the parson of a parish. 2. The glebe and house, or the house only, owned by a parish or ecclesiastical society, and appropriated to the maintenance or use of the incumbent or settled pastor. 3. Money paid for the support of a parson. [Scot.] What have I been paying stipend and teind, parsonage and vicarage, for? Sir W. Scott. Parsoned Par"soned (?), a. Furnished with a parson. Parsonic, Parsonical Par*son"ic (?), Par*son"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a parson; clerical. Vainglory glowed in his parsonic heart. Colman. -- Par*son"ic*al*ly, adv. Parsonish Par"son*ish (?), a. Appropriate to, or like, a parson; -- used in disparagement. [Colloq.] Part Part (?), n. [F. part, L. pars, gen. partis; cf. parere to bring forth, produce. Cf. Parent, Depart, Parcel, Partner, Party, Portion.] 1. One of the portions, equal or unequal, into which anything is divided, or regarded as divided; something less than a whole; a number, quantity, mass, or the like, regarded as going to make up, with others, a larger number, quantity, mass, etc., whether actually separate or not; a piece; a fragment; a fraction; a division; a member; a constituent. And kept back part of the price, . . . and brought a certain part and laid it at the apostles'feet. Acts v. 2. Our ideas of extension and number -- do they not contain a secret relation of the parts ? Locke. I am a part of all that I have met. Tennyson. 2. Hence, specifically: (a) An equal constituent portion; one of several or many like quantities, numbers, etc., into which anything is divided, or of which it is composed; proportional division or ingredient. An homer is the tenth part of an ephah. Ex. xvi. 36. A thought which, quartered, hath but one part wisdom, And ever three parts coward. Shak. (b) A constituent portion of a living or spiritual whole; a member; an organ; an essential element. All the parts were formed . . . into one harmonious body. Locke. The pulse, the glow of every part. Keble. (c) A constituent of character or capacity; quality; faculty; talent; -- usually in the plural with a collective sense. "Men of considerable parts." Burke. "Great quickness of parts." Macaulay. Which maintained so politic a state of evil, that they will not admit any good part to intermingle with them. Shak. (d) Quarter; region; district; -- usually in the plural. "The uttermost part of the heaven." Neh. i. 9. All parts resound with tumults, plaints, and fears. Dryden. (e) (Math.) Such portion of any quantity, as when taken a certain number of times, will exactly make that quantity; as, 3 is a part of 12; -- the opposite of multiple. Also, a line or other element of a geometrical figure. 3. That which belongs to one, or which is assumed by one, or which falls to one, in a division or apportionment; share; portion; lot; interest; concern; duty; office. We have no part in David. 2 Sam. xx. 1. Accuse not Nature! she hath done her part; Do thou but thine. Milton. Let me bear My part of danger with an equal share. Dryden. 4. Hence, specifically: (a) One of the opposing parties or sides in a conflict or a controversy; a faction. For he that is not against us is on our part. Mark ix. 40. Make whole kingdoms take her brother's part. Waller. (b) A particular character in a drama or a play; an assumed personification; also, the language, actions, and influence of a character or an actor in a play; or, figuratively, in real life. See To act a part, under Act. That part Was aptly fitted and naturally performed. Shak. It was a brute part of him to kill so capital a calf. Shak. Honor and shame from no condition rise; Act well your part, there all the honor lies. Pope. (c) (Mus.) One of the different melodies of a concerted composition, which heard in union compose its harmony; also, the music for each voice or instrument; as, the treble, tenor, or bass part; the violin part, etc. For my part, so far as concerns me; for my share. -- For the most part. See under Most, a. -- In good part, as well done; favorably; acceptably; in a friendly manner. Hooker. In ill part, unfavorably; with displeasure. -- In part, in some degree; partly. -- Part and parcel, an essential or constituent portion; -- a reduplicative phrase. Cf. might and main, kith and kin, etc. "She was . . . part and parcel of the race and place." Howitt. -- Part of speech (Gram.), a sort or class of words of a particular character; thus, the noun is a part of speech denoting the name of a thing; the verb is a part of speech which asserts something of the subject of a sentence. -- Part owner (Law), one of several owners or tenants in common. See Joint tenant, under Joint. -- Part singing, singing in which two or more of the harmonic parts are taken. -- Part song, a song in two or more (commonly four) distinct vocal parts. "A part song differs from a madrigal in its exclusion of contrapuntual devices; from a glee, in its being sung by many voices, instead of by one only, to each part." Stainer & Barrett. Syn. -- Portion; section; division; fraction; fragment; piece; share; constituent. See Portion, and Section. Part Part (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Parted; p. pr. & vb. n. Parting.] [F. partir, L. partire, partiri, p. p. partitus, fr. pars, gen. partis, a part. See Part, n.] 1. To divide; to separate into distinct parts; to break into two or more parts or pieces; to sever. "Thou shalt part it in pieces." Lev. ii. 6. There, [celestial love] parted into rainbow hues. Keble. 2. To divide into shares; to divide and distribute; to allot; to apportion; to share. To part his throne, and share his heaven with thee. Pope. They parted my raiment among them. John xix. 24. 3. To separate or disunite; to cause to go apart; to remove from contact or contiguity; to sunder. The Lord do so to me, and more also, if aught but death part thee and me. Ruth i. 17. While he blessed them, he was parted from them, and carried up into heaven. Luke xxiv. 51. The narrow seas that part The French and English. Shak. 4. Hence: To hold apart; to stand between; to intervene betwixt, as combatants. The stumbling night did part our weary powers. Shak. 5. To separate by a process of extraction, elimination, or secretion; as, to part gold from silver. The liver minds his own affair, . . . And parts and strains the vital juices. Prior. 6. To leave; to quit. [Obs.] Since presently your souls must part your bodies. Shak. To part a cable (Naut.), to break it. -- To part company, to separate, as travelers or companions. Part Part, v. i. 1. To be broken or divided into parts or pieces; to break; to become separated; to go asunder; as, rope parts; his hair parts in the middle. 2. To go away; to depart; to take leave; to quit each other; hence, to die; -- often with from. He wrung Bassanio's hand, and so they parted. Shak. He owned that he had parted from the duke only a few hours before. Macaulay. His precious bag, which he would by no means part from. G. Eliot. 3. To perform an act of parting; to relinquish a connection of any kind; -- followed by with or from. Celia, for thy sake, I part With all that grew so near my heart. Waller. Powerful hands . . . will not part Easily from possession won with arms. Milton. It was strange to him that a father should feel no tenderness at parting with an only son. A. Trollope. 4. To have a part or share; to partake. [Obs.] "They shall part alike." 1 Sam. xxx. 24. Part Part, adv. Partly; in a measure. [R.] Shak. Partable Part"a*ble (?), a. See Partible. Camden. Partage Part"age (?), n. [F. See Part, v. & n.] 1. Division; the act of dividing or sharing. [Obs.] Fuller. 2. Part; portion; share. [Obs.] Ford. Partake Par*take" (?), v. i. [imp. Partook (?); p. p. Partaken (; p. pr. & vb. n. Partaking.] [Part + take.] 1. To take a part, portion, lot, or share, in common with others; to have a share or part; to participate; to share; as, to partake of a feast with others. "Brutes partake in this faculty." Locke. When I against myself with thee partake. Shak. 2. To have something of the properties, character, or office; -- usually followed by of. The attorney of the Duchy of Lancaster partakes partly of a judge, and partly of an attorney-general. Bacon. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1046 Partake Par*take" (?), v. t. 1. To partake of; to have a part or share in; to share. Let every one partake the general joy. Driden. 2. To admit to a share; to cause to participate; to give a part to. [Obs.] Spencer. 3. To distribute; to communicate. [Obs.] Shak. Partaker Par*tak"er (?), n. 1. One who partakes; a sharer; a participator. Partakers of their spiritual things. Rom. xv. 27. Wish me partaker in my happiness. Shark. 2. An accomplice; an associate; a partner. [Obs.] Partakers wish them in the blood of the prophets. Matt. xxiii. 30. Partan Par"tan (?), n. [Cf. Ir. & Gael. partan.] (Zo\'94l.) An edible British crab. [Prov. Eng.] Parted Part"ed (?), a. 1. Separated; devided. 2. Endowed with parts or abilities. [Obs.] B. Jonson. 3. (Bot.) Cleft so that the divisions reach nearly, but not quite, to the midrib, or the base of the blade; -- said of a leaf, and used chiefly in composition; as, three-parted, five-parted, etc. Gray. Parter Part"er (?), n. One who, or which, parts or separates. Sir P. Sidney. Parterre Par*terre" (?), n. [F., fr. par on, by (L. per)+terre earth, ground, L. terra. See Terrace.] 1. (Hort.) An ornamental and diversified arrangement of beds or plots, in which flowers are cultivated, with intervening spaces of gravel or turf for walking on. 2. The pit of a theater; the parquet. [France] Partheniad Par*the"ni*ad (?), n. [See Parthenic.] A poem in honor of a virgin. [Obs.] Parthenic Par*then"ic (?), a. [Gr. Of or pertaining to the Spartan Partheni\'91, or sons of unmarried women. Parthenogenesis Par`the*no*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Gr. parqe`nos a virgin + E. genesis.] 1. (Biol.) The production of new individuals from virgin females by means of ova which have the power of developing without the intervention of the male element; the production, without fertilization, of cells capable of germination. It is one of the phenomena of alternate generation. Cf. Heterogamy, and Metagenesis. 2. (Bot.) The production of seed without fertilization, believed to occur through the nonsexual formation of an embryo extraneous to the embrionic vesicle. Parthenogenetic Par`the*no*ge*net"ic, a. (Biol.) Of, pertaining to, or produced by, parthenogenesis; as, parthenogenetic forms. -- Par`the*no*ge*net"ic*al*ly, adv. Parthenogenitive Par`the*no*gen"i*tive (?), a. (Biol.) Parthenogenetic. Parthenogeny Par`the*nog"e*ny (?), n. (Biol.) Same as Parthenogenesis. Parthenon Par"the*non (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. Parqenw`n, fr.parqe`nos a virgin, i. e., Athene, the Greek goddess called also Pallas.] A celebrated marble temple of Athene, on the Acropolis at Athens. It was of the pure Doric order, and has had an important influence on art. Partenope Par*ten"o*pe (?), n. [L., the name of a Siren, fr. Gr. 1. (Gr. Myth.) One of the Sirens, who threw herself into the sea, in despair at not being able to beguile Ulysses by her songs. 2. One of the asteroids between Mars and Jupiter, descovered by M. de Gasparis in 1850. Parthian Par"thi*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to ancient Parthia, in Asia. -- n. A native Parthia. Parthian arrow, an arrow discharged at an enemy when retreating from him, as was the custom of the ancient Parthians; hence, a parting shot. Partial Par"tial (?), a. [F., fr. LL. partials, fr. L. pars, gen. partis, a part; cf. (for sense 1) F. partiel. See Part, n.] 1. Of, pertaining to, or affecting, a part only; not general or universal; not total or entire; as, a partial eclipse of the moon. "Partial dissolutions of the earth." T. Burnet. 2. Inclined to favor one party in a cause, or one side of a question, more then the other; baised; not indifferent; as, a judge should not be partial. Ye have been partial in the law. Mal. ii. 9. 3. Having a predelection for; inclined to favor unreasonably; foolishly fond. "A partial parent." Pope. Not partial to an ostentatious display. Sir W. Scott. 4. (Bot.) Pertaining to a subordinate portion; as, a compound umbel is made up of a several partial umbels; a leaflet is often supported by a partial petiole. Partial differentials, Partial differential coefficients, Partial differentiation, etc. (of a function of two or more variables), the differentials, differential coefficients, differentiation etc., of the function, upon the hypothesis that some of the variables are for the time constant. -- Partial fractions (Alg.), fractions whose sum equals a given fraction. -- Partial tones (Music), the simple tones which in combination form an ordinary tone; the overtones, or harmonics, which, blending with a fundamental tone, cause its special quality of sound, or timbre, or tone color. See, also, Tone. Partialism Par"tial*ism (?), n. Partiality; specifically (Theol.), the doctrine of the Partialists. Partialist Par"tial*ist n. 1. One who is partial. [R.] 2. (Theol.) One who holds that the atonement was made only for a part of mankind, that is, for the elect. Partiality Par`ti*al"i*ty (?; 277), n. [Cf. F. partialit\'82.] 1. The quality or state of being partial; inclination to favor one party, or one side of a question, more than the other; undue bias of mind. 2. A predilection or inclination to one thing rather than to others; special taste or liking; as, a partiality for poetry or painting. Roget. Partialize Par"tial*ize (?), v. t. & i. To make or be partial. [R.] Partially Par"tial*ly adv. 1. In part; not totally; as, partially true; the sun partially eclipsed. Sir T. Browne. 2. In a partial manner; with undue bias of mind; with unjust favor or dislike; as, to judge partially. Shak. Partibility Part`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. [From Partible.] The quality or state of being partible; divisibility; separability; as, the partibility of an inherttance. Partible Part"i*ble (?), a. [L. partibilis, fr. partire to part, divide, fr. L. pars: cf. F. partible. See Part.] Admitting of being parted; divisible; separable; susceptible of severance or partition; as, an estate of inheritance may be partible. "Make the molds partible." Bacon. Participable Par*tic"i*pa*ble (?), a. Capable of being participated or shared. [R.] Norris. Participant Par*tic"i*pant (?), a. [L. participans, p.pr. of participare: cf. F. participant. See Participate.] Sharing; participating; having a share of part. Bacon. Participant Par*tic"i*pant, n. A participator; a partaker. Participants in their . . . mysterious rites. Bp. Warburton. Participantly Par*tic"i*pant*ly, adv. In a participant manner. Participate Par*tic"i*pate (?), a. [L. participatus, p.p. of participare to participate; pars, partis, part + capere to take. See Part, and Capacious.] Acting in common; participating. [R.] Shak. Participate Par*tic"i*pate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Participated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Participating.] Tj have a share in common with others; to take a part; to partake; -- followed by in, formely by of; as, to participate in a debate. Shak. So would he participateof their wants. Hayward. Mine may come when men With angels may participate. Milton. Participate Par*tic"i*pate, v. t. 1. To partake of; to share in; to receive a part of. [R.] Fit to participate all rational delight. Milton. 2. To impart, or give, or share of. [Obs.] Drayton. Participation Par*tic`i*pa"tion (?), n. [F. participation, L. participatio.] 1. The act or state of participating, or sharing in common with others; as, a participation in joy or sorrows. These deities are so by participation. Bp. Stillingfleet. What an honor, that God should admit us into such a blessed participation of himself! Atterbury. 2. Distribution; division into shares. [Obs.] Raleigh. 3. community; fellowship; association. [Obs.] Shak. Participative Par*tic"i*pa*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. participatif.] Capable of participating. Participator Par*tic"i*pa`tor (?), n. [L.] One who participates, or shares with another; a partaker. Participial Par`ti*cip"i*al (?), a. [L. participialis: cf. E. participal. See Participle.] Having, or partaking of, the nature and use of a participle; formed from a participle; as, a participial noun. Lowth. Participial Par`ti*cip"i*al, n. A participial word. Participialize Par`ti*cip"i*al*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p.p Participialized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Participializing.] To form into, or put in the form of, a participle. [R.] Participially Par`ti*cip"i*al*ly, adv. In the sense or manner of a participle. Participle Par"ti*ci*ple (?), n. [F. participe, L. participium, fr. particeps sharing, participant; pars, gen. partis, a part + capere to take. See Participate.] 1. (Gram.) A part of speech partaking of the nature both verb and adjective; a form of a verb, or verbal adjective, modifying a noun, but taking the adjuncts of the verb from which it is derived. In the sentences: a letter is written; being asleep he did not hear; exhausted by toil he will sleep soundly, -- written, being, and exhaustedare participles. By a participle, [I understand] a verb in an adjectival aspect. Earle. NOTE: &hand; Pr esent pa rticiples, ca lled al so im perfect, or incomplete, participles, end in -ing. Past participles, called also perfect, or complete, participles, for the most part end in -ed, -d, -t, -en, or -n. A participle when used merely as an attribute of a noun, without reference to time, is called an adjective, or a participial adjective; as, a written constitution; a rolling stone; the exhausted army. The verbal noun in -ing has the form of the present participle. See Verbal noun, under Verbal, a. 2. Anything that partakes of the nature of different things. [Obs.] The participles or confines between plants and living creatures. Bacon. Particle Par"ti*cle (?), n. [L. particula, dim of pars, gen partis, a part: cf. F. particule. See Part, and cf. Parcel.] 1. A minute part or portion of matter; a morsel; a little bit; an atom; a jot; as, a particle of sand, of wood, of dust. The small size of atoms which unite To make the smallest particle of light. Blackmore. 2. Any very small portion or part; the smallest portion; as, he has not a particle of patriotism or virtue. The houses had not given their commissioners authority in the least particle to recede. Clarendon. 3. (R. C. Ch.) (a) A crumb or little piece of concecrated host. (b) The smaller hosts distributed in the communion of the laity. Bp. Fitzpatrick. 4. (Gram.) A subordinate word that is never inflected (a preposition, conjunction, interjection); or a word that can not be used except in compositions; as, ward in backward, ly in lovely. <-- elementary particle (Physics) --> Particolored Par"ti*col`ored, a. Same as Party-colored. Particular Par*tic"u*lar (?), a. [OE. particuler, F. particulier, L. particularis. See Particle.] 1. Relating to a part or portion of anything; concerning a part separated from the whole or from others of the class; separate; sole; single; individual; specific; as, the particular stars of a constellation. Shak. [/Make] each particular hair to stand an end, Like quills upon the fretful porpentine. Shak. Seken in every halk and every herne Particular sciences for to lerne. Chaucer. 2. Of or pertaining to a single person, class, or thing; belonging to one only; not general; not common; hence, personal; peculiar; singular. "Thine own particular wrongs." Shak. Wheresoever one plant draweth such a particular juice out of the earth. Bacon. 3. Separate or distinct by reason of superiority; distinguished; important; noteworthy; unusual; special; as, he brought no particular news; she was the particular belle of the party. 4. Concerned with, or attentive to, details; minute; circumstantial; precise; as, a full and particular account of an accident; hence, nice; fastidious; as, a man particular in his dress. 5. (Law) (a) Containing a part only; limited; as, a particular estate, or one precedent to an estate in remainder. (b) Holding a particular estate; as, a particular tenant. Blackstone. 6. (Logic) Forming a part of a genus; relatively limited in extension; affirmed or denied of a part of a subject; as, a particular proposition; -- opposed to universal: e. g. (particular affirmative) Some men are wise; (particular negative) Some men are not wise. Particular average. See under Average. -- Particular Baptist, one of a branch of the Baptist denomination the members of which hold the doctrine of a particular or individual election and reprobation. -- Particular lien (Law), a lien, or a right to retain a thing, for some charge or claim growing out of, or connected with, that particular thing. -- Particular redemption, the doctrine that the purpose, act, and provisions of redemption are restricted to a limited number of the human race. See Calvinism. Syn. -- Minute; individual; respective; appropriate; peculiar; especial; exact; specific; precise; critical; circumstantial. See Minute. Particular Par*tic"u*lar (?), n. 1. A separate or distinct member of a class, or part of a whole; an individual fact, point, circumstance, detail, or item, which may be considered separately; as, the particulars of a story. Particulars which it is not lawful for me to reveal. Bacon. It is the greatest interest of particulars to advance the good of the community. L'Estrange. 2. Special or personal peculiarity, trait, or character; individuality; interest, etc. [Obs.] For his particular I'll receive him gladly. Shak. If the particulars of each person be considered. Milton. Temporal blessings, whether such as concern the public . . . or such as concern our particular. Whole Duty of Man. 3. (Law) One of the details or items of grounds of claim; -- usually in the pl.; also, a bill of particulars; a minute account; as, a particular of premises. The reader has a particular of the books wherein this law was written. Ayliffe. Bill of particulars. See under Bill. -- In particular, specially; peculiarly. "This, in particular, happens to the lungs." Blackmore. -- To go into particulars, to relate or describe in detail or minutely. Particularism Par*tic"u*lar*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. particularisme.] 1. A minute description; a detailed statement. [R.] 2. (Theol.) The doctrine of particular election. 3. (German Politics) Devotion to the interests of one's own kingdom or province rather than to those of the empire. Particularist Par*tic"u*lar*ist, n. [Cf. F. particulariste.] One who holds to particularism. -- Par*tic`u*lar*is"tic, a. Particularity Par*tic`u*lar"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Particularities (#). [Cf. F. particularit\'82.] 1. The state or quality of being particular; distinctiveness; circumstantiality; minuteness in detail. 2. That which is particular; as: (a) Peculiar quality; individual characteristic; peculiarity. "An old heathen altar with this particularity." Addison. (b) Special circumstance; minute detail; particular. "Even descending to particularities." Sir P. Sidney. (c) Something of special or private concern or interest. Let the general trumpet blow his blast, Particularities and petty sounds To cease! Shak . Particularization Par*tic`u*lar*i*za"tion (?), n. The act of particularizing. Coleridge. Particularize Par*tic"u*lar*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Particularized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Particularizing (?).] [Cf. F. particulariser.] To give as a particular, or as the particulars; to mention particularly; to give the particulars of; to enumerate or specify in detail. He not only boasts of his parentage as an Israelite, but particularizes his descent from Benjamin. Atterbury. Particularize Par*tic"u*lar*ize, v. i. To mention or attend to particulars; to give minute details; to be circumstantial; as, to particularize in a narrative. Particularly Par*tic"u*lar*ly, adv. 1. In a particular manner; expressly; with a specific reference or interest; in particular; distinctly. 2. In an especial manner; in a high degree; as, a particularly fortunate man; a particularly bad failure. The exact propriety of Virgil I particularly regarded as a great part of his character. Dryden. Particularment Par*tic"u*lar*ment (?), n. A particular; a detail. [Obs.] Particulate Par*tic"u*late (?), v. t. & i. [See Particle.] To particularize. [Obs.] Particulate Par*tic"u*late (?), a. 1. Having the form of a particle. 2. Referring to, or produced by, particles, such as dust, minute germs, etc. [R.] The smallpox is a particulate disease. Tyndall. Parting Par"ting (?), a. [From Part, v.] 1. Serving to part; dividing; separating. 2. Given when departing; as, a parting shot; a parting salute. "Give him that parting kiss." Shak. 3. Departing. "Speed the parting guest." Pope. 4. Admitting of being parted; partible. Parting fellow, a partner. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- Parting pulley. See under Pulley. -- Parting sand (Founding), dry, nonadhesive sand, sprinkled upon the partings of a mold to facilitate the separation. -- Parting strip (Arch.), in a sash window, one of the thin strips of wood let into the pulley stile to keep the sashes apart; also, the thin piece inserted in the window box to separate the weights. -- Parting tool (Mach.), a thin tool, used in turning or planing, for cutting a piece in two. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1047 Parting Par"ting (?), n. 1. The act of parting or dividing; the state of being parted; division; separation. "The parting of the way." Ezek. xxi. 21. 2. A separation; a leave-taking. Shak. And there were sudden partings, such as press The life from out young hearts. Byron. 3. A surface or line of separation where a division occurs. 4. (Founding) The surface of the sand of one section of a mold where it meets that of another section. 5. (Chem.) The separation and determination of alloys; esp., the separation, as by acids, of gold from silver in the assay button. 6. (Geol.) A joint or fissure, as in a coal seam. 7. (Naut.) The breaking, as of a cable, by violence. 8. (Min.) Lamellar separation in a crystallized mineral, due to some other cause than cleavage, as to the presence of twinning lamell\'91. Partisan Par"ti*san (?), n. [F., fr. It. partigiano. See Party, and cf. Partisan a truncheon.] [Written also partizan.] 1. An adherent to a party or faction; esp., one who is strongly and passionately devoted to a party or an interest. "The violence of a partisan." Macaulay. Both sides had their partisans in the colony. Jefferson. 2. (Mil.) (a) The commander of a body of detached light troops engaged in making forays and harassing an enemy. (b) Any member of such a corps. Partisan Par"ti*san, a. [Written also partizan.] 1. Adherent to a party or faction; especially, having the character of blind, passionate, or unreasonable adherence to a party; as, blinded by partisan zeal. 2. (Mil.) Serving as a partisan in a detached command; as, a partisan officer or corps. Partisan ranger (Mil.), a member of a partisan corps. Partisan Par"ti*san, n. [F. pertuisane, prob. fr. It. partigiana, influenced in French by OF. pertuisier to pierce. It was prob. so named as the weapon of some partisans, or party men. Cf. Partisan one of a corps of light troops.] A kind of halberd or pike; also, a truncheon; a staff. And make him with our pikes and partisans a grave. Shak. Partisanship Par"ti*san*ship, n. The state of being a partisan, or adherent to a party; feelings or conduct appropriate to a partisan. Partita Par*ti"ta (?), n. [It.] (Mus.) A suite; a set of variations. Partite Par"tite (?), a. [L. partitus, p.p. of partire to part, divide, from pars. See Part, and cf. Party, a.] (Bot.) Divided nearly to the base; as, a partite leaf is a simple separated down nearly to the base. Partition Par*ti"tion (?), n. [F. partition, L. partitio. See Part, v.] 1. The act of parting or dividing; the state of being parted; separation; division; distribution; as, the partition of a kingdom. And good from bad find no partition. Shak. 2. That which divides or separates; that by which different things, or distinct parts of the same thing, are separated; separating boundary; dividing line or space; specifically, an interior wall dividing one part or apartment of a house, an inclosure, or the like, from another; as, a brick partition; lath and plaster partitions. No sight could pass Betwixt the nice partitions of the grass. Dryden. 3. A part divided off by walls; an apartment; a compartment. [R.] "Lodged in a small partition." Milton. 4. (Law.) The servance of common or undivided interests, particularly in real estate. It may be effected by consent of parties, or by compulsion of law. 5. (Mus.) A score. Partition of numbers (Math.), the resolution of integers into parts subject to given conditions. Brande & C. Partition Par*ti"tion (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Partitioned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Partitioning.] 1. To divide into parts or shares; to divide and distribute; as, to partition an estate among various heirs. 2. To divide into distinct parts by lines, walls, etc.; as, to partition a house. Uniform without, though severally partitioned within. Bacon. Partitionment Par*ti"tion*ment (?), n. The act of partitioning. Partitive Par"ti*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. partitif.] (Gram.) Denoting a part; as, a partitive genitive. Partitive Par"ti*tive, n. (Gram.) A word expressing partition, or denoting a part. Partitively Par"ti*tive*ly, adv. In a partitive manner. Partlet Part"let (?), n. [Dim. of part.] 1. A covering for the neck, and sometimes for the shoulders and breast; originally worn by both sexes, but laterby women alone; a ruff. [Obs.] Fuller. 2. A hen; -- so called from the ruffing of her neck feathers. "Dame Partlett, the hen." Shak. Partly Part"ly, adv. In part; in some measure of degree; not wholly. "I partly believe it." 1 Cor. xi. 18. Partner Part"ner (?), n. [For parcener, influenced by part.] 1. One who has a part in anything with an other; a partaker; an associate; a sharer. "Partner of his fortune." Shak. Hence: (a) A husband or a wife. (b) Either one of a couple who dance together. (c) One who shares as a member of a partnership in the management, or in the gains and losses, of a business. My other self, the partner of my life. Milton. 2. (Law) An associate in any business or occupation; a member of a partnership. See Partnership. 3. pl. (Naut.) A framework of heavy timber surrounding an opening in a deck, to strengthen it for the support of a mast, pump, capstan, or the like. Dormant, OR Silent, partner. See under Dormant, a. Syn. -- Associate; colleague; coadjutor; confederate; partaker; participator; companion; comrade; mate. Partner Part"ner, v. t. To associate, to join. [Obs.] Shak. Partnership Part"ner*ship, n. 1. The state or condition of being a partner; as, to be in partnership with another; to have partnership in the fortunes of a family or a state. 2. A division or sharing among partners; joint possession or interest. Rome, that ne'er knew three lordly heads before, First fell by fatal partnership of power. Rowe. He does possession keep, And is too wise to hazard partnership. Dryden. 3. An alliance or association of persons for the prosecution of an undertaking or a business on joint account; a company; a firm; a house; as, to form a partnership. 4. (Law) A contract between two or more competent persons for joining together their money, goods, labor, and skill, or any or all of them, under an understanding that there shall be a communion of profit between them, and for the purpose of carrying on a legal trade, business, or adventure. Kent. Story. NOTE: &hand; Community of profit is absolutely essential to, though not necessary the test of, a partnership. 5. (Arith.) See Fellowship, n., 6. Limited partnership, a form of partnership in which the firm consists of one or more general partners, jointly and severally responsible as ordinary partners, and one or more special partners, who are not liable for the debts of the partnership beyond the amount of cash they contribute as capital. -- Partnership in commendam, the title given to the limited partnership (F. soci\'82t\'82 en commandit\'82) of the French law, introduced into the code of Louisiana. Burrill. -- Silent partnership, the relation of partnership sustained by a person who furnishes capital only. Partook Par*took" (?), imp. of Partake. Partridge Par"tridge (?), n. [OE. partriche, pertriche, OF. pertris, perdriz, F. perdrix, L. perdix, -icis, fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) 1. Any one of numerous species of small gallinaceous birds of the genus Perdix and several related genera of the family Perdicid\'91, of the Old World. The partridge is noted as a game bird. Full many a fat partrich had he in mew. Chaucer. NOTE: &hand; Th e co mmon Eu ropean, or gr ay, pa rtridge (P erdix cinerea) and the red-legged partridge (Caccabis rubra) of Southern Europe and Asia are well-known species. 2. Any one of several species of quail-like birds belonging to Colinus, and allied genera. [U.S.] NOTE: &hand; Am ong th em are the bobwhite (Colinus Virginianus) of the Eastern States; the plumed, or mountain, partridge (Oreortyx pictus) of California; the Massena partridge (Cyrtonyx Montezum\'91); and the California partridge (Callipepla Californica). 3. The ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus). [New Eng.] Bamboo partridge (Zo\'94l.), a spurred partridge of the genus Bambusicola. Several species are found in China and the East Indies. -- Night partridge (Zo\'94l.), the woodcock. [Local, U.S.] -- Painted partridge (Zo\'94l.), a francolin of South Africa (Francolinus pictus). -- Partridge berry. (Bot.) (a) The scarlet berry of a trailing american plant (Mitchella repens) of the order Rubiace\'91, having roundish evergreen leaves, and white fragrant flowers sometimes tinged with purple, growing in pairs with the ovaries united, and producing the berries which remain over winter; also, the plant itself. (b) The fruit of the creeping wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens); also, the plant itself. -- Partridge dove (Zo\'94l.) Same as Mountain witch, under Mountain. -- Partridge pea (Bot.), a yellow-flowered leguminous herb (Cassia Cham\'91crista), common in sandy fields in the Eastern United States. -- Partridge shell (Zo\'94l.), a large marine univalve shell (Dolium perdix), having colors variegated like those of the partridge. -- Partridge wood (a) A variegated wood, much esteemed for cabinetwork. It is obtained from tropical America, and one source of it is said to be the leguminous tree Andira inermis. Called also pheasant wood. (b) A name sometimes given to the dark-colored and striated wood of some kind of palm, which is used for walking sticks and umbrella handles. -- Sea partridge (Zo\'94l.), an Asiatic sand partridge (Ammoperdix Bonhami); -- so called from its note. -- Snow partridge (Zo\'94l.), a large spurred partridge (Lerwa nivicola) which inhabits the high mountains of Asia. -- Spruce partridge. See under Spruce. -- Wood partridge, OR Hill partridge (Zo\'94l.), any small Asiatic partridge of the genus Arboricola. Parture Par"ture (?), n. Departure. [Obs.] Spenser. Parturiate Par*tu"ri*ate (?), v. i. [See Parturient.] To bring forth young. [Obs.] Parturiency Par*tu"ri*en*cy (?), n. Parturition. Parturient Par*tu"ri*ent (?), a. [L. parturiens, p.pr. of parturire to desire to bring forth, fr. parere, partum, to bring forth. See Parent.] Bringing forth, or about to bring forth, young; fruitful. Jer. Tailor. Parturifacient Par*tu`ri*fa"cient (?), n. [L. parturire to desire to bring forth + facere to make.] (Med.) A medicine tending to cause parturition, or to give relief in childbearing. Dunglison. Parturious Par*tu"ri*ous (?), a. Parturient. [Obs.] Drayton. Parturition Par`tu*ri"tion (?), n. [L. parturitio, fr. parturire: cf. F. parturition. See Parturient.] 1. The act of bringing forth, or being delivered of, young; the act of giving birth; delivery; childbirth. 2. That which is brought forth; a birth. [Obs.] Parturitive Par*tu"ri*tive (?), a. Pertaining to parturition; obstetric. [R.] Party Par"ty (?), n.; pl. Parties (#). [F. parti and partie, fr. F. partir to part, divide, L. partire, partiri. See Part, v.] 1. A part or portion. [Obs.] "The most party of the time." Chaucer. 2. A number of persons united in opinion or action, as distinguished from, or opposed to, the rest of a community or association; esp., one of the parts into which a people is divided on questions of public policy. Win the noble Brutus to our party. Shak. The peace both parties want is like to last. Dryden. 3. A part of a larger body of company; a detachment; especially (Mil.), a small body of troops dispatched on special service. 4. A number of persons invited to a social entertainment; a select company; as, a dinner party; also, the entertainment itself; as, to give a party. 5. One concerned or interested in an affair; one who takes part with others; a participator; as, he was a party to the plot; a party to the contract. 6. The plaintiff or the defendant in a lawsuit, whether an individual, a firm, or corporation; a litigant. The cause of both parties shall come before the judges. Ex. xxii. 9. 7. Hence, any certain person who is regarded as being opposed or antagonistic to another. It the jury found that the party slain was of English race, it had been adjudged felony. Sir J. Davies. 8. Cause; side; interest. Have you nothing said Upon this Party 'gainst the Duke of Albany? Shak. 9. A person; as, he is a queer party. [Now accounted a vulgarism.] NOTE: "For se veral ge nerations, ou r an cestors la rgely employed party for person; but this use of the word, when it appeared to be reviving, happened to strike, more particularly, the fancy of the vulgar; and the consequence has been, that the polite have chosen to leave it in their undisputed possession." Fitzed. Hall. Party jury (Law), a jury composed of different parties, as one which is half natives and half foreigners. -- Party man, a partisan. Swift. -- Party spirit, a factious and unreasonable temper, not uncommonly shown by party men. Whately. -- Party verdict, a joint verdict. Shak. -- Party wall. (a) (Arch.) A wall built upon the dividing line between two adjoining properties, usually having half its thickness on each property. (b) (Law) A wall that separates adjoining houses, as in a block or row. Party Par"ty, a. [F. parti divided, fr. partir to divide. See Part, v., and cf. Partite.] 1. (Her.) Parted or divided, as in the direction or form of one of the ordinaries; as, an escutcheon party per pale. 2. Partial; favoring one party.<-- partisan --> I will be true judge, and not party. Chaucer. Charter party. See under Charter. Party Par"ty, adv. Partly. [Obs.] Chaucer. Party-coated Par"ty-coat`ed (?), a. Having a motley coat, or coat of divers colors. Shak. Party-colored, Parti-colored Par"ty-col`ored, Par"ti-col`ored (?), a. Colored with different tints; variegated; as, a party-colored flower. "Parti-colored lambs." Shak. Partyism Par"ty*ism (?), n. Devotion to party. Parumbilical Par`um*bil"ic*al (?), a. [Pref. para- + umbilical.] (Anat.) Near the umbilicus; -- applied especially to one or more small veins which, in man, connect the portal vein with the epigastric veins in the front wall of the abdomen. Parusia Pa*ru"si*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Rhet.) A figure of speech by which the present tense is used instead of the past or the future, as in the animated narration of past, or in the prediction of future, events. Parvanimity Par`va*nim"i*ty (?), n. [L. parvus little + animus mind.] The state or quality of having a little or ignoble mind; pettiness; meanness; -- opposed to magnanimity. De Quincey. Parvenu Par"ve*nu` (?), n. [F., prop. p.p. of parvenir to attain to, to succeed, to rise to high station, L. pervenire to come to; per through + venire to come. See Par, prep., and Come.] An upstart; a man newly risen into notice. Parvis, Parvise Par"vis, Par"vise (?), n. [F. parvis, fr. LL. paravisus, fr. L. paradisus. See Paradise.] a court of entrance to, or an inclosed space before, a church; hence, a church porch; -- sometimes formerly used as place of meeting, as for lawyers. Chaucer. Parvitude, Parvity Par"vi*tude (?), Par"vi*ty (?), n. [L. parvitas, fr. parvus little: cf. OF. parvit\'82.] Littleness. [Obs.] Glanvill. Ray. Parvolin Par"vo*lin (?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) A nonoxygenous ptomaine, formed in the putrefaction of albuminous matters, especially of horseflesh and mackerel. Parvoline Par"vo*line (?), n. (Chem.) A liquid base, C Pas Pas (?), n. [F. See Pace.] 1. A pace; a step, as in a dance. Chaucer. 2. Right of going foremost; precedence. Arbuthnot. Pasan Pa"san (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The gemsbok. Pasch, Pascha Pasch (?), Pas"cha (?), n. [AS. pascha, L. pascha, Gr. pesach, fr. p\'besach to pass over: cf. OF. pasque, F. p\'83que. Cf. Paschal, Paas, Paque.] The passover; the feast of Easter. Pasch egg. See Easter egg, under Easter. -- Pasch flower. See Pasque flower, under Pasque. Paschal Pas"chal (?), a. [L. paschalis: cf. F. pascal. See Pasch.] Of or pertaining to the passover, or to Easter; as, a paschal lamb; paschal eggs. Longfellow. Paschal candle (R. C. Ch.), a large wax candle, blessed and placed on the altar on Holy Saturday, or the day before Easter. -- Paschal flower. See Pasque flower, under Pasque. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1048 Paseng Pa*seng" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The wild or bezoar goat. See Goat. Pash Pash (?), v. t. [Prob. of imitative origin, or possibly akin to box to fight with the fists.] To strike; to crush; to smash; to dash in pieces. [Obs.] P. Plowman. "I'll pash him o'er the face." Shak. Pash Pash, n. [Scot., the pate. Cf. Pash, v. t.] 1. The head; the poll. [R.] "A rough pash." Shak. 2. A crushing blow. [Obs.] 3. A heavy fall of rain or snow. [Prov. Eng.] Pasha Pa*sha" (?), n. [Turk. p\'besh\'be, b\'besh\'be; cf. Per. b\'besh\'be, b\'bedsh\'beh; perh. a corruption of Per. p\'bedish\'beh. Cf. Bashaw, Padishah, Shah.] An honorary title given to officers of high rank in Turkey, as to governers of provinces, military commanders, etc. The earlier form was bashaw. [Written also pacha.] NOTE: &hand; Th ere ar e th ree cl asses of pa shas, whose rank is distinguished by the number of the horsetails borne on their standards, being one, two, or three, a pasha of three tails being the highest. Pashalic Pa*sha"lic (?), n. [Written also pachalic.] [Turk.] The jurisdiction of a pasha. Pashaw Pa*shaw" (?), n. See Pasha. Pasigraphic, Pasigraphical Pas`i*graph"ic (?), Pas`i*graph"ic*al (?) a. Of or pertaining to pasigraphy. Pasigraphy Pa*sig"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. -graphy.] A system of universal writing, or a manner of writing that may be understood and used by all nations. Good. Pasilaly Pas"i*la`ly (?), n. [Gr. A form of speech adapted to be used by all mankind; universal language. Pask Pask (?), n. [See Pasque.] See Pasch. Paspy Pas"py (?), n. [F. passe-pied.] A kind of minuet, in triple time, of French origin, popular in the reign of Queen Elizabeth and for some time after; -- called also passing measure, and passymeasure. Percy Smith. Pasque Pasque (?), n. [OF. pasque.] See Pasch. Pasque flower (Bot.), a name of several plants of the genus Anemone, section Pulsatilla. They are perennial herbs with rather large purplish blossoms, which appear in early spring, or about Easter, whence the common name. Called also campana. Pasquil Pas"quil (?), n. [It. pasquillo.] See Pasquin. [R.] Pasquil Pas"quil, v. t. [R.] See Pasquin. Pasquilant Pas"quil*ant (?), n. A lampooner; a pasquiler. [R.] Coleridge. Pasquiler Pas"quil*er (?), n. A lampooner. [R.] Burton. Pasquin Pas"quin (?), n. [It. pasquino a mutilated statue at Rome, set up against the wall of the place of the Orsini; -- so called from a witty cobbler or tailor, near whose shop the statue was dug up. On this statue it was customary to paste satiric papers.] A lampooner; also, a lampoon. See Pasquinade. The Grecian wits, who satire first began, Were pleasant pasquins on the life of man. Dryden. Pasquin Pas"quin, v. t. To lampoon; to satiraze. [R.] To see himself pasquined and affronted. Dryden. Pasquinade Pas`quin*ade" (?), n. [F. pasquinade, It. pasquinata.] A lampoon or satirical writing. Macaulay. Pasquinade Pas`quin*ade", v. t. To lampoon, to satirize. Pass Pass (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Passed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Passing.] [F. passer, LL. passare, fr. L. passus step, or from pandere, passum, to spread out, lay open. See Pace.] 1. To go; to move; to proceed; to be moved or transferred from one point to another; to make a transit; -- usually with a following adverb or adverbal phrase defining the kind or manner of motion; as, to pass on, by, out, in, etc.; to pass swiftly, directly, smoothly, etc.; to pass to the rear, under the yoke, over the bridge, across the field, beyond the border, etc. "But now pass over [i.e., pass on]." Chaucer. On high behests his angels to and fro Passed frequent. Milton. Sweet sounds rose slowly through their mouths, And from their bodies passed. Coleridge. 2. To move or be transferred from one state or condition to another; to change possession, condition, or circumstances; to undergo transition; as, the business has passed into other hands. Others, dissatisfied with what they have, . . . pass from just to unjust. Sir W. Temple. 3. To move beyond the range of the senses or of knowledge; to pass away; hence, to disappear; to vanish; to depart; specifically, to depart from life; to die. Disturb him not, let him pass paceably. Shak. Beauty is a charm, but soon the charm will pass. Dryden. The passing of the sweetest soul That ever looked with human eyes. Tennyson. 4. To move or to come into being or under notice; to come and go in consciousness; hence, to take place; to occur; to happen; to come; to occur progressively or in succession; to be present transitorly. So death passed upon all men. Rom. v. 12. Our own consciousness of what passes within our own mind. I. Watts. 5. To go by or glide by, as time; to elapse; to be spent; as, their vacation passed pleasantly. Now the time is far passed. Mark vi. 35 6. To go from one person to another; hence, to be given and taken freely; as, clipped coin will not pass; to obtain general acceptance; to be held or regarded; to circulate; to be current; -- followed by for before a word denoting value or estimation. "Let him pass for a man." Shak. False eloquence passeth only where true is not understood. Felton. This will not pass for a fault in him. Atterbury. 7. To advance through all the steps or stages necessary to validity or effectiveness; to be carried through a body that has power to sanction or reject; to receive legislative sanction; to be enacted; as, the resolution passed; the bill passed both houses of Congress. 8. To go through any inspection or test successfully; to be approved or accepted; as, he attempted the examination, but did not expect to pass. 9. To be suffered to go on; to be tolerated; hence, to continue; to live alogn. "The play may pass." Shak. 10. To go unheeded or neglected; to proceed without hindrance or opposition; as, we let this act pass. 11. To go beyond bounds; to surpass; to be in excess. [Obs.] "This passes, Master Ford." Shak. 12. To take heed; to care. [Obs.] As for these silken-coated slaves, I pass not. Shak. 13. To go through the intestines. Arbuthnot. 14. (Law) To be conveyed or transferred by will, deed, or other instrument of conveyance; as, an estate passes by a certain clause in a deed. Mozley & W. 15. (Fencing) To make a lunge or pass; to thrust. 16. (Card Playing) To decline to play in one's turn; in euchre, to decline to make the trump. She would not play, yet must not pass. Prior. To bring to pass, To come to pass. See under Bring, and Come. -- To pass away, to disappear; to die; to vanish. "The heavens shall pass away." 2 Pet. iii. 10. "I thought to pass away before, but yet alive I am." Tennyson. -- To pass by, to go near and beyond a certain person or place; as, he passed by as we stood there. -- To pass into, to change by a gradual transmission; to blend or unite with. -- To pass on, to proceed. -- To pass on OR upon. (a) To happen to; to come upon; to affect. "So death passed upon all men." Rom. v. 12. "Provided no indirect act pass upon our prayers to define them." Jer. Taylor. (b) To determine concerning; to give judgment or sentence upon. "We may not pass upon his life." Shak. -- To pass off, to go away; to cease; to disappear; as, an agitation passes off. -- To pass over, to go from one side or end to the other; to cross, as a river, road, or bridge. Pass Pass (?), v. t. 1. In simple, transitive senses; as: (a) To go by, beyond, over, through, or the like; to proceed from one side to the other of; as, to pass a house, a stream, a boundary, etc. (b) Hence: To go from one limit to the other of; to spend; to live through; to have experience of; to undergo; to suffer. "To pass commodiously this life." Milton. She loved me for the dangers I had passed. Shak. (c) To go by without noticing; to omit attention to; to take no note of; to disregard. Please you that I may pass This doing. Shak. I pass their warlike pomp, their proud array. Dryden. (d) To transcend; to surpass; to excel; to exceed. And strive to pass . . . Their native music by her skillful art. Spenser. Whose tender power Passes the strength of storms in their most desolate hour. Byron. (e) To go successfully through, as an examination, trail, test, etc.; to obtain the formal sanction of, as a legislative body; as, he passed his examination; the bill passed the senate. 2. In causative senses: as: (a) To cause to move or go; to send; to transfer from one person, place, or condition to another; to transmit; to deliver; to hand; to make over; as, the waiter passed bisquit and cheese; the torch was passed from hand to hand. I had only time to pass my eye over the medals. Addison. Waller passed over five thousand horse and foot by Newbridge. Clarendon. (b) To cause to pass the lips; to utter; to pronounce; hence, to promise; to pledge; as, to pass sentence. Shak. Father, thy word is passed. Milton. (c) To cause to advance by stages of progress; to carry on with success through an ordeal, examination, or action; specifically, to give legal or official sanction to; to ratify; to enact; to approve as valid and just; as, he passed the bill through the committee; the senate passed the law. (e) To put in circulation; to give currency to; as, to pass counterfeit money. "Pass the happy news." Tennyson. (f) To cause to obtain entrance, admission, or conveyance; as, to pass a person into a theater, or over a railroad. 3. To emit from the bowels; to evacuate. 4. (Naut.) To take a turn with (a line, gasket, etc.), as around a sail in furling, and make secure. 5. (Fencing) To make, as a thrust, punto, etc. Shak. Passed midshipman. See under Midshipman. -- To pass a dividend, to omit the declaration and payment of a dividend at the time when due. -- To pass away, to spend; to waste. "Lest she pass away the flower of her age." Ecclus. xlii. 9.<-- (b) to die --> -- To pass by. (a) To disregard; to neglect. (b) To excuse; to spare; to overlook. -- To pass off, to impose fraudulently; to palm off. "Passed himself off as a bishop." Macaulay. -- To pass (something) on OR upon (some one), to put upon as a trick or cheat; to palm off. "She passed the child on her husband for a boy." Dryden. -- To pass over, to overlook; not to note or resent; as, to pass over an affront. Pass Pass, n. [Cf. F. pas (for sense 1), and passe, fr. passer to pass. See Pass, v. i.] 1. An opening, road, or track, available for passing; especially, one through or over some dangerous or otherwise impracticable barrier; a passageway; a defile; a ford; as, a mountain pass. "Try not the pass!" the old man said. Longfellow. 2. (Fencing) A thrust or push; an attempt to stab or strike an adversary. Shak. 3. A movement of the hand over or along anything; the manipulation of a mesmerist. 4. (Rolling Metals) A single passage of a bar, rail, sheet, etc., between the rolls. 5. State of things; condition; predicament. Have his daughters brought him to this pass. Shak. Matters have been brought to this pass. South. 6. Permission or license to pass, or to go and come; a psssport; a ticket permitting free transit or admission; as, a railroad or theater pass; a military pass. A ship sailing under the flag and pass of an enemy. Kent. 7. Fig.: a thrust; a sally of wit. Shak. 8. Estimation; character. [Obs.] Common speech gives him a worthy pass. Shak. 9. [Cf. Passus.] A part; a division. [Obs.] Chaucer. Pass boat (Naut.), a punt, or similar boat. -- Pass book. (a) A book in which a trader enters articles bought on credit, and then passes or sends it to the purchaser. (b) See Bank book. -- Pass box (Mil.), a wooden or metallic box, used to carry cartridges from the service magazine to the piece. -- Pass check, a ticket of admission to a place of entertainment, or of readmission for one who goes away in expectation of returning. Passable Pass"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. passable.] 1. Capable of being passed, traveled, navigated, traversed, penetrated, or the like; as, the roads are not passable; the stream is passablein boats. His body's a passable carcass if it be not hurt; it is a throughfare for steel. Shak. 2. Capable of being freely circulated or disseminated; acceptable; generally receivable; current. With men as with false money -- one piece is more or less passable than another. L'Estrange. Could they have made this slander passable. Collier. 3. Such as may be allowed to pass without serious objection; tolerable; admissable; moderate; mediocre. My version will appear a passable beauty when the original muse is absent. Dryden. Passableness Pass"a*ble*ness, n. The quality of being passable. Passably Pass"a*bly, adv. Tolerably; moderately. Passacaglia, Passacaglio Pas`sa*ca*glia (?), Pas`sa*ca*glio (?), n. [Sp. pasacalle a certain tune on the guitar, prop., a tune played in passing through the streets.] (Mus.) An old Italian or Spanish dance tune, in slow three-four measure, with divisions on a ground bass, resembling a chaconne. Passade, Passado Pas*sade" (?), Pas*sa"do (?), n. [F. passade; cf. Sp. pasada. See Pass, v. i.] 1. (Fencing) A pass or thrust. Shak. 2. (Man.) A turn or course of a horse backward or forward on the same spot of ground. Passage Pas"sage (?), n. [F. passage. See Pass, v. i.] 1. The act of passing; transit from one place to another; movement from point to point; a going by, over, across, or through; as, the passage of a man or a carriage; the passage of a ship or a bird; the passage of light; the passage of fluids through the pores or channels of the body. What! are my doors opposed against my passage! Shak. 2. Transit by means of conveyance; journey, as by water, carriage, car, or the like; travel; right, liberty, or means, of passing; conveyance. The ship in which he had taken passage. Macaulay. 3. Price paid for the liberty to pass; fare; as, to pay one's passage. 4. Removal from life; decease; departure; death. [R.] "Endure thy mortal passage." Milton. When he is fit and season'd for his passage. Shak. 5. Way; road; path; channel or course through or by which one passes; way of exit or entrance; way of access or transit. Hence, a common avenue to various apartments in a building; a hall; a corridor. And with his pointed dart Explores the nearest passage to his heart. Dryden. The Persian army had advanced into the . . . passages of Cilicia. South. 6. A continuous course, process, or progress; a connected or continuous series; as, the passage of time. The conduct and passage of affairs. Sir J. Davies. The passage and whole carriage of this action. Shak. 7. A separate part of a course, process, or series; an occurrence; an incident; an act or deed. "In thy passages of life." Shak. The . . . almost incredible passage of their unbelief. South. 8. A particular portion constituting a part of something continuous; esp., a portion of a book, speech, or musical composition; a paragraph; a clause. How commentators each dark passage shun. Young. 9. Reception; currency. [Obs.] Sir K. Digby. 10. A pass or en encounter; as, a passage at arms. No passages of love Betwixt us twain henceforward evermore. Tennyson. 11. A movement or an evacuation of the bowels. 12. In parliamentary proceedings: (a) The course of a proposition (bill, resolution, etc.) through the several stages of consideration and action; as, during its passage through Congress the bill was amended in both Houses. (b) The advancement of a bill or other proposition from one stage to another by an affirmative vote; esp., the final affirmative action of the body upon a proposition; hence, adoption; enactment; as, the passage of the bill to its third reading was delayed. "The passage of the Stamp Act." D. Hosack. The final question was then put upon its passage. Cushing. In passage, in passing; cursorily. "These . . . have been studied but in passage." Bacon. -- Middle passage, Northeast passage, Northwest passage. See under Middle, Northeast, etc. -- Of passage, passing from one place, region, or climate, to another; migratory; -- said especially of birds "Birds of passage." Longfellow. -- Passage hawk, a hawk taken on its passage or migration. -- Passage money, money paid for conveyance of a passenger, -- usually for carrying passengers by water. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1049 Syn. -- Vestibule; hall; corridor. See Vestibule. Passager Pas"sa*ger (?), n. [See Passenger.] A passenger; a bird or boat of passage. [Obs.] Ld. Berners. Passageway Pas"sage*way` (?), n. A way for passage; a hall. See Passage, 5. Passant Pas"sant (?), a. [F., p.pr. of passer. See Pass, v. i.] 1. Passing from one to another; in circulation; current. [Obs.] Many opinions are passant. Sir T. Browne. 2. Curs [Obs.] On a passant rewiew of what I wrote to the bishop. Sir P. Pett. 3. Surpassing; excelling. [Obs.] Chaucer. 4. (Her.) Walking; -- said of any animal on an escutcheon, which is represented as walking with the dexter paw raised. Pass\'82, masc. Pass\'82e Pas`s\'82", masc. Pas`s\'82"e, fem. (?), a. [F.] Past; gone by; hence, past one's prime; worn; faded; as, a pass\'82e belle. Ld. Lytton. Passegarde Passe"garde` (?), n. [F.] (Anc. Armor) A ridge or projecting edge on a shoulder piece to turn the blow of a lance or other weapon from the joint of the armor. Passement Passe"ment (?), n. [F.] Lace, gimp, braid etc., sewed on a garment. Sir W. Scott. Passementerie Passe*men"terie (?), n. [F.] Beaded embroidery for women's dresses. Passenger Pas"sen*ger (?), n. [OE. & F. passager. See Passage, and cf. Messenger.] 1. A passer or passer-by; a wayfarer. Shak. 2. A traveler by some established conveyance, as a coach, steamboat, railroad train, etc. Passenger falcon (Zo\'94l.), a migratory hawk. Ainsworth. -- Passenger pigeon (Zo\'94l.), the common wild pigeon of North America (Ectopistes migratorius), so called on account of its extensive migrations.<-- now extinct! --> Passe partout Passe" par`tout" (?), n. [F., from passer to pass + partout everywhere.] 1. That by which one can pass anywhere; a safe-conduct. [Obs.] Dryden. 2. A master key; a latchkey. 3. A light picture frame or mat of cardboard, wood, or the like, usually put between the picture and the glass, and sometimes serving for several pictures. Passer Pass"er (?), n. One who passes; a passenger. Passer-by Pass`er-by" (?), n. One who goes by; a passer. Passeres Pas"se*res (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. passer a sparrow.] (Zo\'94l.) An order, or suborder, of birds, including more that half of all the known species. It embraces all singing birds (Oscines), together with many other small perching birds. Passeriform Pas*ser"i*form (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Like or belonging to the Passeres. Passerine Pas"ser*ine (?), a. [L. passerinus, fr. passer a sparrow.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Passeres. The columbine, gallinaceous, and passerine tribes people the fruit trees. Sydney Smith. Passerine Pas"ser*ine, n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Passeres. Passibility Pas`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L. passibilitas: cf. F. passibilit\'82.] The quality or state of being passible; aptness to feel or suffer; sensibility. Hakewill. Passible Pas"si*ble (?), a. [L. passibilis, fr. pati, to suffer: cf. F. passible. See Passion.] Susceptible of feeling or suffering, or of impressions from external agents. Apolinarius, which held even deity itself passible. Hooker. Passibleness Pas"si*ble*ness, n. Passibility. Brerewood. Passiflora Pas"si*flo"ra (?), n. [NL., from L. passio passion (fr. pati, passus, to suffer) + flos, floris, flower.] (Bot.) A genus of plants, including the passion flower. It is the type of the order Passiflore\'91, which includes about nineteen genera and two hundred and fifty species. Passim Pas"sim (?), adv. [L.] Here and there; everywhere; as, this word occurs passim in the poem. Passing Pass"ing (?), n. The act of one who, or that which, passes; the act of going by or away. Passing bell, a tolling of a bell to announce that a soul is passing, or has passed, from its body (formerly done to invoke prayers for the dying); also, a tolling during the passing of a funeral procession to the grave, or during funeral ceremonies. Sir W. Scott. Longfellow. Passing Pass"ing, a. 1. Relating to the act of passing or going; going by, beyond, through, or away; departing. 2. Exceeding; surpassing, eminent. Chaucer. "Her passing deformity." Shak. Passing note (Mus.), a character including a passing tone. -- Passing tone (Mus.), a tone introduced between two other tones, on an unaccented portion of a measure, for the sake of smoother melody, but forming no essential part of the harmony. Passing Pass"ing, adv. Exceedingly; excessively; surpassingly; as, passing fair; passing strange. "You apprehend passing shrewdly." Shak. Passingly Pass"ing*ly, adv. Exceedingly. Wyclif. Passion Pas"sion (?), n. [F., fr. L. passio, fr. pati, passus, to suffer. See Patient.] 1. A suffering or enduring of imposed or inflicted pain; any suffering or distress (as, a cardiac passion); specifically, the suffering of Christ between the time of the last supper and his death, esp. in the garden upon the cross. "The passions of this time." Wyclif (Rom. viii. 18). To whom also he showed himself alive after his passion, by many infallible proofs. Acts i. 3. 2. The state of being acted upon; subjection to an external agent or influence; a passive condition; -- opposed to action. A body at rest affords us no idea of any active power to move, and, when set is motion, it is rather a passion than an action in it. Locke. 3. Capacity of being affected by external agents; susceptibility of impressions from external agents. [R.] Moldable and not moldable, scissible and not scissible, and many other passions of matter. Bacon. 4. The state of the mind when it is powerfully acted upon and influenced by something external to itself; the state of any particular faculty which, under such conditions, becomes extremely sensitive or uncontrollably excited; any emotion or sentiment (specifically, love or anger) in a state of abnormal or controlling activity; an extreme or inordinate desire; also, the capacity or susceptibility of being so affected; as, to be in a passion; the passions of love, hate, jealously, wrath, ambition, avarice, fear, etc.; a passion for war, or for drink; an orator should have passion as well as rhetorical skill. "A passion fond even to idolatry." Macaulay. "Her passion is to seek roses." Lady M. W. Montagu. We also are men of like passions with you. Acts xiv. 15. The nature of the human mind can not be sufficiently understood, without considering the affections and passions, or those modifications or actions of the mind consequent upon the apprehension of certain objects or events in which the mind generally conceives good or evil. Hutcheson. The term passion, and its adverb passionately, often express a very strong predilection for any pursuit, or object of taste -- a kind of enthusiastic fondness for anything. Cogan. The bravery of his grief did put me Into a towering passion. Shak. The ruling passion, be it what it will, The ruling passion conquers reason still. Pope. Who walked in every path of human life, Felt every passion. Akenside. When statesmen are ruled by faction and interest, they can have no passion for the glory of their country. Addison. 5. Disorder of the mind; madness. [Obs.] Shak. 6. Passion week. See Passion week, below. R. of Gl. Passion flower (Bot.), any flower or plant of the genus Passiflora; -- so named from a fancied resemblance of parts of the flower to the instruments of our Savior's crucifixion. NOTE: &hand; Th e fl owers ar e sh owy, an d the fruit is sometimes highly esteemed (see Granadilla, and Maypop). The roots and leaves are generally more or less noxious, and are used in medicine. The plants are mostly tendril climbers, and are commonest in the warmer parts of America, though a few species are Asiatic or Australian. Passion music (Mus.), originally, music set to the gospel narrative of the passion of our Lord; after the Reformation, a kind of oratorio, with narrative, chorals, airs, and choruses, having for its theme the passion and crucifixion of Christ. -- Passion play, a mystery play, in which the scenes connected with the passion of our Savior are represented dramatically. -- Passion Sunday (Eccl.), the fifth Sunday in Lent, or the second before Easter. -- Passion Week, the last week but one in Lent, or the second week preceding Easter. "The name of Passion week is frequently, but improperly, applied to Holy Week." Shipley. Syn. -- Passion, Feeling, Emotion. When any feeling or emotion completely masters the mind, we call it a passion; as, a passion for music, dress, etc.; especially is anger (when thus extreme) called passion. The mind, in such cases, is considered as having lost its self-control, and become the passive instrument of the feeling in question. Passion Pas"sion (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Passioned (?); p.pr & vb. n. Passioning.] To give a passionate character to. [R.] Keats. Passion Pas"sion, v. i. To suffer pain or sorrow; to experience a passion; to be extremely agitated. [Obs.] "Dumbly she passions, frantically she doteth." Shak. Passional Pas"sion*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to passion or the passions; exciting, influenced by, or ministering to, the passions. -- n. A passionary. Passionary Pas"sion*a*ry (?), n. [L. passionarius: cf. F. passionaire.] A book in which are described the sufferings of saints and martyrs. T. Warton. Passionate Pas"sion*ate (?), a. [LL. passionatus: cf. F. passionn\'82.] 1. Capable or susceptible of passion, or of different passions; easily moved, excited or agitated; specifically, easily moved to anger; irascible; quick-tempered; as, a passionate nature. Homer's Achilles is haughty and passionate. Prior. 2. Characterized by passion; expressing passion; ardent in feeling or desire; vehement; warm; as, a passionate friendship. "The passionate Pilgrim." Shak. 3. Suffering; sorrowful. [Obs.] Shak. Passionate Pas"sion*ate (?), v. i. 1. To affect with passion; to impassion. [Obs.] Great pleasure, mixed with pitiful regard, The godly kind and queen did passionate. Spenser. 2. To express feelingly or sorrowfully. [Obs.] Shak. Passionately Pas"sion*ate*ly (?), adv. 1. In a passionate manner; with strong feeling; ardently. Sorrow expresses itself . . . loudly and passionately. South. 2. Angrily; irascibly. Locke. Passionateness Pas"sion*ate*ness, n. The state or quality of being passionate. Passionist Pas"sion*ist, n. (R. C. Ch.) A member of a religious order founded in Italy in 1737, and introduced into the United States in 1852. The members of the order unite the austerities of the Trappists with the activity and zeal of the Jesuits and Lazarists. Called also Barefooted Clerks of the Most Holy Cross. Passionless Pas"sion*less (?), a. Void of passion; without anger or emotion; not easily excited; calm. "Self-contained and passionless." Tennyson. Passiontide Pas"sion*tide` (?), n. [Passion + tide time.] The last fortnight of Lent. Passive Pas"sive (?), a. [L. passivus: cf. F. passif. See Passion.] 1. Not active, but acted upon; suffering or receiving impressions or influences; as, they were passive spectators, not actors in the scene. The passive air Upbore their nimble tread. Milton. The mind is wholly passive in the reception of all its simple ideas. Locke. 2. Receiving or enduring without either active sympathy or active resistance; without emotion or excitement; patient; not opposing; unresisting; as, passive obedience; passive submission. The best virtue, passive fortitude. Massinger. 3. (Chem.) Inactive; inert; not showing strong affinity; as, red phosphorus is comparatively passive. 4. (Med.) Designating certain morbid conditions, as hemorrhage or dropsy, characterized by relaxation of the vessels and tissues, with deficient vitality and lack of reaction in the affected tissues. Passive congestion (Med.), congestion due to obstruction to the return of the blood from the affected part. -- Passive iron (Chem.), iron which has been subjected to the action of heat, of strong nitric acid, chlorine, etc. It is then not easily acted upon by acids. -- Passive movement (Med.), a movement of a part, in order to exercise it, made without the assistance of the muscles which ordinarily move the part. -- Passive obedience (as used by writers on government), obedience or submission of the subject or citizen as a duty in all cases to the existing government. -- Passive prayer, among mystic divines, a suspension of the activity of the soul or intellectual faculties, the soul remaining quiet, and yielding only to the impulses of grace. -- Passive verb, OR Passive voice (Gram.), a verb, or form of a verb, which expresses the effect of the action of some agent; as, in Latin, doceor, I am taught; in English, she is loved; the picture is admired by all; he is assailed by slander. Syn. -- Inactive; inert; quiescent; unresisting; unopposing; suffering; enduring; submissive; patient. Passively Pas"sive*ly, adv. 1. In a passive manner; inertly; unresistingly. 2. As a passive verb; in the passive voice. Passiveness Pas"sive*ness, n. The quality or state of being passive; unresisting submission. To be an effect implies passiveness, or the being subject to the power and action of its cause. J. Edwards. Passivity Pas*siv"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. passivit\'82.] 1. Passiveness; -- opposed to activity. Jer. Taylor. 2. (Physics) The tendency of a body to remain in a given state, either of motion or rest, till disturbed by another body; inertia. Cheyne. 3. (Chem.) The quality or condition of any substance which has no inclination to chemical activity; inactivity. Pass-key Pass"-key` (?), n. A key for opening more locks than one; a master key. Passless Pass"less, a. Having no pass; impassable. Cowley. Passman Pass"man (?), n.; pl. Passmen (. One who passes for a degree, without honors. See Classman, 2. [Eng. Univ.] Passover Pass"o`ver (?), n. [Pass + over. See Pasch.] (Jewish Antiq.) (a) A feast of the Jews, instituted to commemorate the sparing of the Hebrews in Egypt, when God, smiting the firstborn of the Egyptians, passed over the houses of the Israelites which were marked with the blood of a lamb. (b) The sacrifice offered at the feast of the passover; the paschal lamb. Ex. xii. Pass-parole Pass`-pa*role" (?), n. [F. passe-parole.] (Mil.) An order passed from front to rear by word of mouth. Passport Pass"port (, n. [F. passeport, orig., a permission to leave a port or to sail into it; passer to pass + port a port, harbor. See Pass, and Port a harbor.] 1. Permission to pass; a document given by the competent officer of a state, permitting the person therein named to pass or travel from place to place, without molestation, by land or by water. Caution in granting passports to Ireland. Clarendon. 2. A document carried by neutral merchant vessels in time of war, to certify their nationality and protect them from belligerents; a sea letter. 3. A license granted in time of war for the removal of persons and effects from a hostile country; a safe-conduct. Burrill. 4. Figuratively: Anything which secures advancement and general acceptance. Sir P. Sidney. His passport is his innocence and grace. Dryden. Passus Pas"sus (?), n.; pl. L. Passus, E. Passuses (. [L., a step, a pace. See Pace.] A division or part; a canto; as, the passus of Piers Plowman. See 2d Fit. Password Pass"word` (?), n. A word to be given before a person is allowed to pass; a watchword; a countersign. Macaulay. Passymeasure Pas"sy*meas`ure (?), n. [Corrupted fr. It. passamezzo.] [Obs.] See Paspy. Shak. Past Past (?), a. [From Pass, v.] Of or pertaining to a former time or state; neither present nor future; gone by; elapsed; ended; spent; as, past troubles; past offences. "Past ages." Milton. Past master. See under Master. Past Past, n. A former time or state; a state of things gone by. "The past, at least, is secure." D. Webster. The present is only intelligible in the light of the past, often a very remote past indeed. Trench. Past Past, prep. 1. Beyond, in position, or degree; further than; beyond the reach or influence of. "Who being past feeling." Eph. iv. 19. "Galled past endurance." Macaulay. Until we be past thy borders. Num. xxi. 22. Love, when once past government, is consequently past shame. L'Estrange. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1050 2. Beyond, in time; after; as, past the hour. Is it not past two o'clock? Shak. 3. Above; exceeding; more than. [R.] Not past three quarters of a mile. Shak. Bows not past three quarters of a yard long. Spenser. Past Past (?), adv. By; beyond; as, he ran past. The alarum of drums swept past. Longfellow. Paste Paste (?), n. [OF. paste, F. p\'83te, L. pasta, fr. Gr. Pasty, n., Patty.] 1. A soft composition, as of flour moistened with water or milk, or of earth moistened to the consistence of dough, as in making potter's ware. 2. Specifically, in cookery, a dough prepared for the crust of pies and the like; pastry dough. 3. A kind of cement made of flour and water, starch and water, or the like, -- used for uniting paper or other substances, as in bookbinding, etc., -- also used in calico printing as a vehicle for mordant or color. 4. A highly refractive vitreous composition, variously colored, used in making imitations of precious stones or gems. See Strass. 5. A soft confection made of the inspissated juice of fruit, licorice, or the like, with sugar, etc. 6. (Min.) The mineral substance in which other minerals are imbedded. Paste eel (Zo\'94l.), the vinegar eel. See under Vinegar. Paste Paste, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pasted; p. pr. & vb. n. Pasting.] To unite with paste; to fasten or join by means of paste. Pasteboard Paste"board` (?), n. 1. A stiff thick kind of paper board, formed of several single sheets pasted one upon another, or of paper macerated and pressed into molds, etc. 2. (Cookery) A board on which pastry dough is rolled; a molding board. Pastel Pas"tel (?), n. [F.; cf. It. pastello. Cf. Pastil.] 1. A crayon made of a paste composed of a color ground with gum water. [Sometimes incorrectly written pastil.] "Charming heads in pastel." W. Black. 2. (Bot.) A plant affording a blue dye; the woad (Isatis tinctoria); also, the dye itself. <--3. a drawing using pastel, or of a pastel shade. 4. the art or process of drawing with pastels. 5. any of various light or pale colors. 6. a light literary work, as a sketch. --> Paster Past"er (?), n. 1. One who pastes; as, a paster in a government department. 2. A slip of paper, usually bearing a name, intended to be pasted by the voter, as a substitute, over another name on a printed ballot. [Cant, U.S.] Pastern Pas"tern (?), n. [Of. pasturon, F. p\'83turon, fr. OF. pasture a tether, for beasts while pasturing; prop., a pasturing. See Pasture.] 1. The part of the foot of the horse, and allied animals, between the fetlock and the coffin joint. See Illust. of Horse. NOTE: &hand; Th e upper bone, or phalanx, of the foot is called the great pastern bone; the second, the small pastern bone; and the third, in the hoof, the coffin bone. Pastern joint, the joint in the hoof of the horse, and allied animals, between the great and small pastern bones. 2. A shackle for horses while pasturing. Knight. 3. A patten. [Obs.] Dryden. Pasteurism Pas*teur"ism (?), n. [Fr. Pasteur, a French scientist.] 1. A method of treatment, devised by Pasteur, for preventing certain diseases, as hydrophobia, by successive inoculations with an attenuated virus of gradually increasing strength. 2. Pasteurization. Pasteurization Pas*teur`i*za"tion (?), n. A process devised by Pasteur for preventing or checking fermentation in fluids, such as wines, milk, etc., by exposure to a temperature of 140° F., thus destroying the vitality of the contained germs or ferments. Pasteurize Pas*teur"ize (?), v. t. 1. To subject to pasteurization. 2. To treat by pasteurizm. Pasticcio Pas*tic"ci*o (?), n. [It., fr. pasta. See Paste.] 1. A medley; an olio. [R.] H. Swinburne. 2. (Fine Arts) (a) A work of art imitating directly the work of another artist, or of more artists than one. (b) A falsified work of art, as a vase or statue made up of parts of original works, with missing parts supplied. Pastil, Pastille Pas"til (?), Pas*tille" (?), n. [F. pastille, L. pastillusa pastus food. See Pasture, and cf. Pastel.] 1. (Pharmacy) A small cone or mass made of paste of gum, benzoin, cinnamon, and other aromatics, -- used for fumigating or scenting the air of a room. 2. An aromatic or medicated lozenge; a troche. 3. See Pastel, a crayon. Pastime Pas"time` (?), n. [Pass + time: cf. F. passetemps.] That which amuses, and serves to make time pass agreeably; sport; amusement; diversion. Pastime Pas"time`, v. i. To sport; to amuse one's self. [R.] Pastor Pas"tor (?), n. [L., fr. pascere, pastum, to pasture, to feed. Cf. Pabulum, Pasture, Food.] 1. A shepherd; one who has the care of flocks and herds. 2. A guardian; a keeper; specifically (Eccl.), a minister having the charge of a church and parish. 3. (Zo\'94l.) A species of starling (Pastor roseus), native of the plains of Western Asia and Eastern Europe. Its head is crested and glossy greenish black, and its back is rosy. It feeds largely upon locusts. Pastorage Pas"tor*age (?), n. The office, jurisdiction, or duty, of a pastor; pastorate. Pastoral Pas"tor*al (?), a. [L. pastoralis: cf. F. pastoral. See Pastor.] 1. Of or pertaining to shepherds; hence, relating to rural life and scenes; as, a pastoral life. 2. Relating to the care of souls, or to the pastor of a church; as, pastoral duties; a pastoral letter. Pastoral staff (Eccl.), a staff, usually of the form of a shepherd's crook, borne as an official emblem by a bishop, abbot, abbess, or other prelate privileged to carry it. See Crook, and Crosier. -- Pastoral Theology, that part of theology which treats of the duties of pastors. Pastoral Pas"tor*al (?), n. 1. A poem describing the life and manners of shepherds; a poem in which the speakers assume the character of shepherds; an idyl; a bucolic. A pastoral is a poem in which any action or passion is represented by its effects on a country life. Rambler. 2. (Mus.) A cantata relating to rural life; a composition for instruments characterized by simplicity and sweetness; a lyrical composition the subject of which is taken from rural life. Moore (Encyc. of Music). 3. (Eccl.) A letter of a pastor to his charge; specifically, a letter addressed by a bishop to his diocese; also (Prot. Epis. Ch.), a letter of the House of Bishops, to be read in each parish. Pastorale Pas`to*ra"le (?), n. [It.] 1. (Mus.) A composition in a soft, rural style, generally in 6-8 or 12-8 time. 2. A kind of dance; a kind of figure used in a dance. Pastorally Pas"tor*al*ly (?), adv. 1. In a pastoral or rural manner. 2. In the manner of a pastor. Pastorate Pas"tor*ate (?), n. [Cf. F. pastorat. See Pastor.] The office, state, or jurisdiction of a pastor. Pastorless Pas"tor*less, a. Having no pastor. Pastorling Pas"tor*ling (?), n. An insignificant pastor. [R.] Pastorly Pas"tor*ly, a. Appropriate to a pastor. Milton. Pastorship Pas"tor*ship, n. Pastorate. Bp. Bull. Pastry Pas"try (?), n.; pl. Pastries (. 1. The place where pastry is made. [Obs.] Shak. 2. Articles of food made of paste, or having a crust made of paste, as pies, tarts, etc. Pastry cook, one whose occupation is to make pastry; as, the pastry cook of a hotel. Pasturable Pas"tur*a*ble (?), a. Fit for pasture. Pasturage Pas"tur*age (?), n. [OF. pasturage, F. p\'83turage. See Pasture.] 1. Grazing ground; grass land used for pasturing; pasture. 2. Grass growing for feed; grazing. 3. The business of feeding or grazing cattle. Pasture Pas"ture (?), n. [OF. pasture, F. p\'83ture, L. pastura, fr. pascere, pastum, to pasture, to feed. See Pastor.] 1. Food; nourishment. [Obs.] Toads and frogs his pasture poisonous. Spenser. 2. Specifically: Grass growing for the food of cattle; the food of cattle taken by grazing. 3. Grass land for cattle, horses, etc.; pasturage. He maketh me to lie down in green pastures. Ps. xxiii. 2. So graze as you find pasture. Shak. Pasture Pas"ture, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pastured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pasturing.] To feed, esp. to feed on growing grass; to supply grass as food for; as, the farmer pastures fifty oxen; the land will pasture forty cows. Pasture Pas"ture, v. i. To feed on growing grass; to graze. Pastureless Pas"ture*less, a. Destitute of pasture. Milton. Pasturer Pas"tur*er (?), n. One who pastures; one who takes cattle to graze. See Agister. Pasty Pas"ty (?), a. Like paste, as in color, softness, stickness. "A pasty complexion." G. Eliot. Pasty Pas"ty, n.; pl. Pasties (#). [OF. past\'82, F. p\'83t\'82. See Paste, and cf. Patty.] A pie consisting usually of meat wholly surrounded with a crust made of a sheet of paste, and often baked without a dish; a meat pie. "If ye pinch me like a pasty." Shak. "Apple pasties." Dickens. A large pasty baked in a pewter platter. Sir W. Scott. Pat Pat (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Patted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Patting.] [Cf. G. patschen, Prov. G. patzen, to strike, tap.] To strike gently with the fingers or hand; to stroke lightly; to tap; as, to pat a dog. Gay pats my shoulder, and you vanish quite. Pope. Pat Pat, n. 1. A light, quik blow or stroke with the fingers or hand; a tap. 2. A small mass, as of butter, shaped by pats. It looked like a tessellated work of pats of butter. Dickens. Pat Pat, a. [Cf. pat a light blow, D. te pas convenient, pat, where pas is fr. F. passer to pass.] Exactly suitable; fit; convenient; timely. "Pat allusion." Barrow. Pat Pat, adv. In a pat manner. I foresaw then 't would come in pat hereafter. Sterne. Pataca Pa*ta"ca (?), n. [Sp.] The Spanish dollar; -- called also patacoon. [Obs.] Patache Pa`tache" (?), n. [F. & Sp. patache, P. patacho.] (Naut.) A tender to a fleet, formerly used for conveying men, orders, or treasure. [Spain & Portugal] Patacoon Pa`ta*coon" (?), n. [Sp.] See Pataca. Patagium Pa*ta"gi*um (?), n.; pl. Patagia (#). [L., an edge or border.] 1. (Anat.) In bats, an expansion of the integument uniting the fore limb with the body and extending between the elongated fingers to form the wing; in birds, the similar fold of integument uniting the fore limb with the body. 2. (Zo\'94l.) One of a pair of small vesicular organs situated at the bases of the anterior wings of lepidopterous insects. See Illust. of Butterfly. Patagonian Pat`a*go"ni*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Patagonia. -- n. A native of Patagonia. Patamar Pat"a*mar (?), n. [From the native name.] (Naut.) A vessel resembling a grab, used in the coasting trade of Bombay and Ceylon. [Written also pattemar.] Patas Pa*tas" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A West African long-tailed monkey (Cercopithecus ruber); the red monkey. Patavinity Pat`a*vin"i*ty (?), n. [L. patavinitas, fr. Patavium: cf. F. patavinit\'82] The use of local or provincial words, as in the peculiar style or diction of Livy, the Roman historian; -- so called from Patavium, now Padua, the place of Livy's nativity. Patch Patch (?), n. [OE. pacche; of uncertain origin, perh. for placche; cf. Prov. E. platch patch, LG. plakk, plakke.] 1. A piece of cloth, or other suitable material, sewed or otherwise fixed upon a garment to repair or strengthen it, esp. upon an old garment to cover a hole. Patches set upon a little breach. Shak. 2. Hence: A small piece of anything used to repair a breach; as, a patch on a kettle, a roof, etc. 3. A small piece of black silk stuck on the face, or neck, to hide a defect, or to heighten beauty. Your black patches you wear variously. Beau. & Fl. 4. (Gun.) A piece of greased cloth or leather used as wrapping for a rifle ball, to make it fit the bore. 5. Fig.: Anything regarded as a patch; a small piece of ground; a tract; a plot; as, scattered patches of trees or growing corn. Employed about this patch of ground. Bunyan. 6. (Mil.) A block on the muzzle of a gun, to do away with the effect of dispart, in sighting. 7. A paltry fellow; a rogue; a ninny; a fool. [Obs. or Colloq.] "Thou scurvy patch." Shak. Patch ice, ice in overlapping pieces in the sea. -- Soft patch, a patch for covering a crack in a metallic vessel, as a steam boiler, consisting of soft material, as putty, covered and held in place by a plate bolted or riveted fast. Patch Patch (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Patched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Patching.] 1. To mend by sewing on a piece or pieces of cloth, leather, or the like; as, to patch a coat. 2. To mend with pieces; to repair with pieces festened on; to repair clumsily; as, to patch the roof of a house. 3. To adorn, as the face, with a patch or patches. Ladies who patched both sides of their faces. Spectator. 4. To make of pieces or patches; to repair as with patches; to arrange in a hasty or clumsy manner; -- generally with up; as, to patch up a truce. "If you'll patch a quarrel." Shak. Patcher Patch"er (?), n. One who patches or botches. Foxe. Patchery Patch"er*y (?), n. Botchery; covering of defects; bungling; hypocrisy. [R.] Shak. Patchingly Patch"ing*ly (?), adv. Knavishy; deceitfully. [Obs.] Patchouli, Patchouly Pa*tchou"li, Pa*tchou"ly (?), n. [CF. F. patchouli; prob. of East Indian origin.] 1. (Bot.) A mintlike plant (Pogostemon Patchouli) of the East Indies, yielding an essential oil from which a highly valued perfume is made. 2. The perfume made from this plant. Patchouly camphor (Chem.), a substance homologous with and resembling borneol, found in patchouly oil. Patchwork Patch"work` (?), n. Work composed of pieces sewed together, esp. pieces of various colors and figures; hence, anything put together of incongruous or ill-adapted parts; something irregularly clumsily composed; a thing putched up. Swift. Patchy Patch"y (?), a. Full of, or covered with, patches; abounding in patches. Pat\'82 Pa`t\'82" (?), a. (Her.) See Patt\'82. Pat\'82 Pa`t\'82" (?), n. [F. p\'83t\'82.] 1. A pie. See Patty. 2. (Fort.) A kind of platform with a parapet, usually of an oval form, and generally erected in marshy grounds to cover a gate of a fortified place. [R.] Pate Pate (?), n. [Cf. LG. & Prov. G. pattkopf, patzkopf, scabby head; patt, patz, scab + kopf head.] 1. The head of a person; the top, or crown, of the head. [Now generally used in contempt or ridicule.]<-- esp., bald pate --> His mischief shall return upon his own head, and his violent dealing shall come down upon his own pate. Ps. vii. 16. Fat paunches have lean pate. Shak. 2. The skin of a calf's head. Pated Pat"ed (?), a. Having a pate; -- used only in composition; as, long-pated; shallow-pated. Patee Pa*tee" (?), n. See Pattee. Patefaction Pat`e*fac"tion (?), n. [L. patefactio, fr. patefacere to open; patere to lie open + facere to make.] The act of opening, disclosing, or manifesting; open declaration. Jer. Taylor. Patela Pat"e*la (?), n. [Hind. patel\'be.] A large flat-bottomed trading boat peculiar to the river Ganges; -- called also puteli. Patella Pa*tel"la (?), n.; pl. Patell\'91 (#). [L., a small pan, the kneepan, dim. of patina, patena, a pan, dish.] 1. A small dish, pan, or vase. 2. (Anat.) The kneepan; the cap of the knee.<-- kneecap --> 3. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of marine gastropods, including many species of limpets. The shell has the form of a flattened cone. The common European limpet (Patella vulgata) is largely used for food. 4. (Bot.) A kind of apothecium in lichens, which is orbicular, flat, and sessile, and has a special rim not a part of the thallus. Patellar Pa*tel"lar (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the patella, or kneepan. <-- patellar tendon --> Patelliform Pa*tel"li*form (?), a. [Patella + form: cf. F. pattelliforme.] 1. Having the form of a patella. 2. (Zo\'94l.) Resembling a limpet of the genus Patella. Patellula Pa*tel"lu*la (?), n.; pl. Patellul\'91 (#). [NL., dim. of L. patella. See Patella.] (Zo\'94l.) A cuplike sucker on the feet of certain insects. Paten Pat"en (?), n. [LL. patina, patena, fr. L. patina, patena, a pan; cf. L. patere to be open, E. patent, and Gr. pat\'8ane. Cf. Patina.] 1. A plate. [Obs.] 2. (Eccl.) The place on which the consecrated bread is placed in the Eucharist, or on which the host is placed during the Mass. It is usually small, and formed as to fit the chalice, or cup, as a cover. [Written also patin, patine.] Patena Pat"e*na (?), n. [LL.] (Eccl.) A paten. Patena Pa*te"na (?), n. [Cf. Pg. patena a paten.] A grassy expanse in the hill region of Ceylon. Patency Pa"ten*cy (?), n. [See Patent.] 1. The condition of being open, enlarged, or spread. 2. The state of being patent or evident. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1051 Patent Pat"ent (p&acr;t"ent OR p&amac;t"ent), a. [L. patens, -entis, p.pr. of patere to be open: cf. F. patent. Cf. Fathom.] 1. NOTE: (Oftener pronounced p&amac;t"ent in this sense) Open; expanded; evident; apparent; unconcealed; manifest; public; conspicuous. He had received instructions, both patent and secret. Motley. 2. Open to public perusal; -- said of a document conferring some right or privilege; as, letters patent. See Letters patent, under 3d Letter. 3. Appropriated or protected by letters patent; secured by official authority to the exclusive possession, control, and disposal of some person or party; patented; as, a patent right; patent medicines. Madder . . . in King Charles the First's time, was made a patent commodity. Mortimer. 4. (Bot.) Spreading; forming a nearly right angle with the steam or branch; as, a patent leaf. Patent leather, a varnished or lacquered leather, used for boots and shoes, and in carriage and harness work. -- Patent office, a government bureau for the examination of inventions and the granting of patents. -- Patent right. (a) The exclusive right to an invention, and the control of its manufacture. (b) (Law) The right, granted by the sovereign, of exclusive control of some business of manufacture, or of the sale of certain articles, or of certain offices or prerogatives. -- Patent rolls, the registers, or records, of patents. Patent Pat"ent, n. [Cf. F. patente. See Patent, a.] 1. A letter patent, or letters patent; an official document, issued by a sovereign power, conferring a right or privilege on some person or party. Specifically: (a) A writing securing to an invention. (b) A document making a grant and conveyance of public lands. Four other gentlemen of quality remained mentioned in that patent. Fuller. NOTE: &hand; In the United States, by the act of 1870, patents for inventions are issued for seventeen years, without the privilege of renewal except by act of Congress. 2. The right or privilege conferred by such a document; hence, figuratively, a right, privilege, or license of the nature of a patent. If you are so fond over her iniquity, give her patent to offend. Shak. Patent Pat"ent, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Patented; p. pr. & vb. n. Patenting.] To grant by patent; to make the subject of a patent; to secure or protect by patent; as, to patent an invention; to patent public lands. Patentable Pat"ent*a*ble (?), a. Suitable to be patented; capable of being patented. Patentee Pat`ent*ee" (?), n. One to whom a grant is made, or a privilege secured, by patent. Bacon. Patent-hammered Pat"ent-ham"mered (?), a. (Stone Cutting) Having a surface dressed by cutting with a hammer the head of which consists of broad thin chisels clamped together. Patently Pat"ent*ly (?; see Patent, a.), adv. Openly; evidently. Patera Pat"e*ra (?), n.; pl. Pater\'91(. [ L., fr. patere to lie open.] 1. A saucerlike vessel of earthenware or metal, used by the Greeks and Romans in libations and sacrificies. 2. (Arch.) A circular ornament, resembling a dish, often worked in relief on friezes, and the like. Paterero Pat`e*re"ro (?), n. See Pederero. [Obs.] Paterfamilias Pa`ter*fa*mil`i*as (?), n.; pl. Pateresfamilias (#). [L., fr. pater father + familias, gen. of familia family.] (Rom. Law) The head of a family; in a large sense, the proprietor of an estate; one who is his own master. Paternal Pa*ter"nal (?), a. [L. paternus, fr. pater a father: cf. F. paternel. See Father.] 1. Of or pertaining to a father; fatherly; showing the disposition of a father; guiding or instructing as a father; as, paternal care. "Under paternal rule." Milton. 2. Received or derived from a father; hereditary; as, a paternal estate. Their small paternal field of corn. Dryden. Paternal government (Polit. Science), the assumption by the governing power of a quasi-fatherly relation to the people, involving strict and intimate supervision of their business and social concerns, upon the theory that they are incapable of managing their own afffairs. Paternalism Pa*ter"nal*ism (?), n. (Polit. Science) The theory or practice of paternal government. See Paternal government, under Paternal. London Times. <-- paternalistic, = relating to paternalism --> Paternally Pa*ter"nal*ly, adv. In a paternal manner. Paternity Pa*ter"ni*ty (?), n. [L. paternitas: cf. F. paternit\'82. See Paternal.] 1. The relation of a father to his child; fathership; fatherhood; family headship; as, the divine paternity. The world, while it had scarcity of people, underwent no other dominion than paternity and eldership. Sir W. Raleigh. 2. Derivation or descent from a father; male parentage; as, the paternity of a child. 3. Origin; authorship. The paternity of these novels was . . . disputed. Sir W. Scott. Paternoster Pa"ter*nos`ter (?), n. [L., Our Father.] 1. The Lord's prayer, so called from the first two words of the Latin version. 2. (Arch.) A beadlike ornament in moldings. 3. (Angling) A line with a row of hooks and bead Paternoster pump, Paternoster wheel, a chain pump; a noria. -- Paternoster while, the space of time required for repeating a paternoster. Udall. Path Path (?), n.; pl. Paths (#). [As. pad, G. pfad, of uncertain origin; cf. Gr. patha, path. &root;21.] 1. A trodden way; a footway. The dewy paths of meadows we will tread. Dryden. 2. A way, course, or track, in which anything moves or has moved; route; passage; an established way; as, the path of a meteor, of a caravan, of a storm, of a pestilence. Also used figuratively, of a course of life or action. All the paths of the Lord are mercy and truth. Ps. xxv. 10. The paths of glory lead but to the grave. Gray. Path Path (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pathed (?); pr.p. & vb. n. Pathing.] To make a path in, or on (something), or for (some one). [R.] "Pathing young Henry's unadvised ways." Drayton. Path Path, v. i. To walk or go. [R.] Shak. Pathematic Path`e*mat"ic (?), a. [Gr. Of, pertaining to, or designating, emotion or suffering. [R.] Chalmers. Pathetic Pa*thet"ic (?), a. [L. patheticus, Gr. path\'82tique. See Pathos.] 1. Expressing or showing anger; passionate. [Obs.] 2. Affecting or moving the tender emotions, esp. pity or grief; full of pathos; as, a pathetic song or story. "Pathetic action." Macaulay. No theory of the passions can teach a man to be pathetic. E. Porter. Pathetic muscle (Anat.), the superior oblique muscle of the eye. -- Pathetic nerve (Anat.), the fourth cranial, or trochlear, nerve, which supplies the superior oblique, or pathetic, muscle of the eye. -- The pathetic, a style or manner adapted to arouse the tender emotions. Pathetical Pa*thet"ic*al (?), a. Pathetic. [R.] -- Pa*thet"ic*al*ly, adv. -- Pa*thet"ic*al*ness, n. Pathetism Path"e*tism (?), n. [Cf. F. path\'82tisme.] See Mesmerism. L. Sunderland. Pathfinder Path"find`er (?), n. One who discovers a way or path; one who explores untraversed regions. The cow is the true pathfinder and pathmaker. J. Burroughs. Pathic Path"ic (?), n. [L. pathicus, Gr. A male who submits to the crime against nature; a catamite. [R.] B. Jonson. Pathic Path"ic, a. [Gr. Passive; suffering. Pathless Path"less (?), a. Having no beaten path or way; untrodden; impenetrable; as, pathless woods. Trough the heavens' wide, pathless way. Milton. Pathmaker Path"mak`er (?), n. One who, or that which, makes a way or path. Pathogene Path"o*gene (?), n. [See Pathogenic.] (Biol.) One of a class of virulent micro\'94rganisms or bacteria found in the tissues and fluids in infectious diseases, and supposed to be the cause of the disease; a pathogenic organism; a pathogenic bacterium; -- opposed to zymogene. Pathogenesis Path`o*gen"e*sis (?), n. (Med.) Pathogeny. Pathogenetic Path`o*ge*net"ic (?), a. (Med.) Pathogenic. Pathogenic Path`o*gen"ic (?), a. [Gr. (Med. & Biol.) Of or pertaining to pathogeny; producting disease; as, a pathogenic organism; a pathogenic bacterium. Pathogeny Pa*thog"e*ny (?), n. (Med.) (a) The generation, and method of development, of disease; as, the pathogeny of yellow fever is unsettled. (b) That branch of pathology which treats of the generation and development of disease. Pathognomonic Pa*thog`no*mon"ic (?), a. [Gr. pathognomonique. See Gnomic.] (Med.) Specially or decisively characteristic of a disease; indicating with certainty a disease; as, a pathognomonic symptom. The true pathognomonic sign of love jealousy. Arbuthnot. Pathognomy Pa*thog"no*my (?), n. [Gr. Expression of the passions; the science of the signs by which human passions are indicated. Pathologic, Pathological Path`o*log"ic (?), Path`o*log"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. pathologique.] Of or pertaining to pathology. -- Path`o*log"ic*al*ly, adv. <-- caused by disease --> Pathologist Pa*thol"o*gist (?), n. [Cf. F. pathologiste.] One skilled in pathology; an investigator in pathology; as, the pathologist of a hospital, whose duty it is to determine the causes of the diseases. Pathology Pa*thol"o*gy (?), n.; pl. Pathologies (#). [Gr. -logy: cf. F. pathologie.] (Med.) The science which treats of diseases, their nature, causes, progress, symptoms, etc. NOTE: &hand; Pa thology is ge neral or sp ecial, ac cording as it treats of disease or morbid processes in general, or of particular diseases; it is also subdivided into internal and external, or medical and surgical pathology. Its departments are nosology, \'91tiology, morbid anatomy, symptomatology, and therapeutics, which treat respectively of the classification, causation, organic changes, symptoms, and cure of diseases. Celluar pathology, a theory that gives prominence to the vital action of cells in the healthy and diseased function of the body. Virchow. Pathop\'d2la Path`o*p\'d2"la (?), n.; pl. -ias (#). [NL., from Gr. (Rhet.) A speech, or figure of speech, designed to move the passion. Smart. Pathos Pa"thos (?), n. [L., from Gr. pati to suffer, E. patient.] That quality or property of anything which touches the feelings or excites emotions and passions, esp., that which awakens tender emotions, such as pity, sorrow, and the like; contagious warmth of feeling, action, or expression; pathetic quality; as, the pathos of a picture, of a poem, or of a cry. The combination of incident, and the pathos of catastrophe. T. Warton. Pathway Path"way (?) n. A footpath; a beaten track; any path or course. Also used figuratively. Shak. In the way of righteousness is life; and in the pathway thereof is no death. Prov. xii. 28. We tread the pathway arm in arm. Sir W. Scott. Patible Pat"i*ble (?), a. [L. patibilis, fr. pati to suffer.] Sufferable; tolerable; endurable. [Obs.] Bailey. Patibulary Pa*tib"u*la*ry (?), a. [L. patibulum a gallows: cf. F. patibulaire.] Of or pertaining to the gallows, or to execution. [R.] Carlyle. Patibulated Pa*tib"u*la`ted, a. Hanged on a gallows. [R.] Patience Pa"tience (?), n. [F. patience, fr. L. patientia. See Patient.] 1. The state or quality of being patient; the power of suffering with fortitude; uncomplaining endurance of evils or wrongs, as toil, pain, poverty, insult, oppression, calamity, etc. Strenthened with all might, . . . unto all patience and long-suffering. Col. i. 11. I must have patience to endure the load. Shak. Who hath learned lowliness From his Lord's cradle, patience from his cross. Keble. 2. The act or power of calmly or contentedly waiting for something due or hoped for; forbearance. Have patience with me, and I will pay thee all. Matt. xviii. 29. 3. Constancy in labor or application; perseverance. He learned with patience, and with meekness taught. Harte. 4. Sufferance; permission. [Obs.] Hooker. They stay upon your patience. Shak. 5. (Bot.) A kind of dock (Rumex Patientia), less common in America than in Europe; monk's rhubarb. 6. (Card Playing) Solitaire. Syn. -- Patience, Resignation. Patience implies the quietness or self-possession of one's own spirit under sufferings, provocations, etc.; resignation implies submission to the will of another. The Stoic may have patience; the Christian should have both patience and resignation. Patient Pa"tient (?), a. [F., fr. L. patiens, -entis, p.pr. of pati to suffer. Cf. Pathos, Passion.] 1. Having the quality of enduring; physically able to suffer or bear. Patient of severest toil and hardship. Bp. Fell. 2. Undergoing pains, trails, or the like, without murmuring or fretfulness; bearing up with equanimity against trouble; long-suffering. 3. Constant in pursuit or exertion; persevering; calmly diligent; as, patient endeavor. Whatever I have done is due to patient thought. Sir I. Newton. 4. Expectant with calmness, or without discontent; not hasty; not overeager; composed. Not patient to expect the turns of fate. Prior. 5. Forbearing; long-suffering. Be patient toward all men. 1 Thess. v. 14. Patient Pa"tient, n. 1. ONe who, or that which, is passively affected; a passive recipient. Malice is a passion so impetuous and precipitate that often involves the agent and the patient. Gov. of Tongue. 2. A person under medical or surgical treatment; -- correlative to physician or nurse. Like a physician, . . . seeing his patient in a pestilent fever. Sir P. Sidney. In patient, a patient who receives lodging and food, as treatment, in a hospital or an infirmary. -- Out patient, one who receives advice and medicine, or treatment, from an infirmary. Patient Pa"tient, v. t. To compose, to calm. [Obs.] "Patient yourself, madam." Shak. Patiently Pa"tient*ly, adv. In a patient manner. Cowper. Patin, Patine Pat"in (?), Pat"ine, n. A plate. See Paten. "Inlaid with patines of bright gold." Shak. Patina Pat"ina (?), n. [It., fr. L. patina a dish, a pan, a kind of cake. Cf. Paten.] 1. A dish or plate of metal or earthenware; a patella. 2. (Fine Arts) The color or incrustation which age gives to works of art; especially, the green rust which covers ancient bronzes, coins, and medals. Fairholt. Patio Pa"ti*o (?), n. [Sp., a court] (Metal) A paved yard or floor where ores are cleaned and sorted, or where ore, salt, mercury, etc., are trampled by horses, to effect intermixture and amalgamation. NOTE: &hand; Th e pa tioprocess is us ed to reduce silver ores by amalgamation. Patly Pat"ly (?), adv. Fitly; seasonably. Barrow. Patness Pat"ness, n. Fitness or appropriateness; striking suitableness; convenience. The description with equal patness may suit both. Barrow. Patois Pa`tois" (?), n. [F.] A dialect peculiar to the illiterate classes; a provincial form of speech. The jargon and patois of several provinces. Sir T. Browne. Patonce Pa*tonce" (?), a. [Cf. F. patte d'once paw of an ounce.] (Her.) Having the arms growing broader and floriated toward the end; -- said of a cross. See Illust. 9 of Cross. Patrial Pa"tri*al (?), a. [L. patria fatherland, country, fr. pater father.] (Lat. Gram.) Derived from the name of a country, and designating an inhabitant of the country; gentile; -- said of a noun. -- n. A patrial noun. Thus Romanus, a Roman, and Troas, a woman of Troy, are patrial nouns, or patrials. Andrews. Patriarch Pa"tri*arch (?), n. [F. patriarche, L. patriarcha, Gr. Father, Archaic.] 1. The father and ruler of a family; one who governs his family or descendants by paternal right; -- usually applied to heads of families in ancient history, especially in Biblical and Jewish history to those who lived before the time of Moses. 2. (R. C. Ch. & Gr. Ch.) A dignitary superior to the order of archbishops; as, the patriarch of Constantinople, of Alexandria, or of Antioch. 3. A venerable old man; an elder. Also used figuratively. The patriarch hoary, the sage of his kith and the hamlet. Longfellow. The monarch oak, the partiarch of trees. Dryde. Patriarchal Pa`tri*ar"chal (?), a. [Cf. F. patriarcal.] 1. Of or pertaining to a patriarch or to patriarchs; possessed by, or subject to, patriarchs; as, patriarchal authority or jurisdiction; a patriarchal see; a patriarchal church. 2. Characteristic of a patriarch; venerable. About whose patriarchal knee Late the little children clung. Tennyson. 3. (Ethnol.) Having an organization of society and government in which the head of the family exercises authority over all its generations. Patriarchal cross (Her.), a cross, the shaft of which is intersected by two transverse beams, the upper one being the smaller. See Illust. (2) of Cross. -- Patriarchal dispensation, the divine dispensation under which the patriarchs lived before the law given by Moses. Patriarchate Pa`tri*ar"chate (?), n. [Cf. F. patriarcat.] 1. The office, dignity, or jurisdiction of a patriarch. Jer. Taylor. 2. The residence of an ecclesiastic patriarch. 3. (Ethnol.) A patriarchal form of government or society. See Patriarchal, a., 3. Patriarchdom Pa"tri*arch*dom (?), n. The office or jurisdiction of a patriarch; patriarchate. [R.] Patriarchic Pa`tri*ar"chic (?), a. [L. patriarchicus, Gr. Patriarchal. Patriarchism Pa"tri*arch*ism (?), n. Government by a patriarch, or the head of a family. Patriarchship Pa"tri*arch*ship, n. A patriarchate. Ayliffe. Patriarchy Pa"tri*arch`y (?), n. [Gr. 1. The jurisdiction of a patriarch; patriarchship. Brerewood. 2. Government by a patriarch; patriarchism. Patrician Pa*tri"cian (?), a. [L. patricius, fr. patres fathers or senators, pl. of pater: cf. F. patricien. See Paternal.] 1. (Rom. Antiq.) Of or pertaining to the Roman patres (fathers) or senators, or patricians. 2. Of, pertaining to, or appropriate to, a person of high birth; noble; not plebeian. Born in the patrician file of society. Sir W. Scott. His horse's hoofs wet with patrician blood. Addison. Patrician Pa*tri"cian, n. [L. patricius: cf. F. patricien.] 1. (Rom. Antiq.) Originally, a member of any of the families constituting the populus Romanus, or body of Roman citizens, before the development of the plebeian order; later, one who, by right of birth or by special privilege conferred, belonged to the nobility. 2. A person of high birth; a nobleman. 3. One familiar with the works of the Christian Fathers; one versed in patristic lore. [R.] Colridge. Patricianism Pa*tri"cian*ism (?), n. The rank or character of patricians. Patriciate Pa*tri"ci*ate (?), n. The patrician class; the aristocracy; also, the office of patriarch. Milman. Patricidal Pat*ri"ci`dal (?), a. Of or pertaining to patricide; parricidal. Patricide Pat*ri"cide (?), n. [L. pater father + caedere to kill. Cf. Parricide.] 1. The murderer of his father. 2. The crime of one who murders his father. Same as Parricide. Patrimonial Pat`ri*mo"ni*al (?), a. [L.patrimonialis: cf. F. patrimonial.] Of or pertaining to a patrimony; inherited from ancestors; as, a patrimonial estate. Patrimonially Pat`ri*mo"ni*al*ly, adv. By inheritance. Patrimony Pat"ri*mo*ny (?), n.; pl. Patrimonies (#). [L. patrimonium, fr. pater father: cf. F. patrimoine. See Paternal.] 1. A right or estate inherited from one's father; or, in a larger sense, from any ancestor. "'Reave the orphan of his patrimony." Shak. 2. Formerly, a church estate or endowment. Shipley. Patriot Pa"tri*ot (?), n. [F. patriote; cf. Sp. patriota, It. patriotto; all fr. Gr. Father.] One who loves his country, and zealously supports its authority and interests. Bp. Hall. Such tears as patriots shaed for dying laws. Pope. Patriot Pa"tri*ot, a. Becoming to a patriot; patriotic. Patriotic Pa`tri*ot"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. patriotique, Gr. Inspired by patriotism; actuated by love of one's country; zealously and unselfishly devoted to the service of one's country; as, a patriotic statesman, vigilance. Patriotical Pa`tri*ot"ic*al (?), a. Patriotic; that pertains to a patriot. -- Pa`tri*ot"ic*al*ly, adv. Patriotism Pa"tri*ot*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. patriotisme.] Love of country; devotion to the welfare of one's country; the virtues and actions of a patriot; the passion which inspires one to serve one's country. Berkley. Patripassian Pa`tri*pas"sian (?), n. [LL. Patripassiani, pl.; L. pater father + pati, passus, to suffer: cf. F. patripassiens.] (Eccl. Hist.) One of a body of believers in the early church who denied the independent pre\'89xistent personality of Christ, and who, accordingly, held that the Father suffered in the Son; a monarchian. -- Pa`tri*pas"sian*ism (#), n. Patrist Pa"trist (?), n. One versed in patristics. Patristic, Patristical Pa*tris"tic (?), Pa*tris"tic*al (?), a. [F. patristique. See Paternal.] Of or pertaining to the Fathers of the Christian church. The voluminous editor of Jerome anf of tons of patristic theology. I. Taylor. Patristics Pa*tris"tics (?), n. That departnent of historical theology which treats of the lives and doctrines of the Fathers of the church. Patrizate Pa"tri*zate (?), v. i. [L. patrissare, patrizare;cf. Gr. To imitate one's father. [R.] Patrocinate Pa*troc"i*nate (?), v. t. [L. patrocinatus, p.p. of patrocinari to patronize, fr. patronus patron.] To support; to patronize. [Obs.] Urquhart. Patrocination Pa*troc`i*na"tion (?), n. The act of patrocinating or patronizing. [Obs.] "Patrocinations of treason." Bp. Hall. Patrociny Pa*troc"i*ny (?), n. [L. patrocinium.] [Obs.] See Patrocination. Patrol Pa*trol" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Patrolled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Patrolling.] [F. patrouiller, O. & Prov. F. patrouiller to paddle, paw about, patrol, fr. patte a paw; cf. D. poot paw, G. pfote, and E. pat, v.] To go the rounds along a chain of sentinels; to traverse a police district or beat. Patrol Pa*trol" (?), v.t To go the rounds of, as a sentry, guard, or policeman; as, to patrol a frontier; to patrol a beat. Patrol Pa*trol", n. [F. patrouille, OF. patouille. See Patrol, v. i.] 1. (Mil.) (a) A going of the rounds along the chain of sentinels and between the posts, by a guard, usually consisting of three or four men, to insure greater security from attacks on the outposts. (b) A movement, by a small body of troops beyond the line of outposts, to explore the country and gain intelligence of the enemy's whereabouts. (c) The guard or men who go the rounds for observation; a detachment whose duty it is to patrol. 2. Any perambulation of a particular line or district to guard it; also, the men thus guarding; as, a customs patrol; a fire patrol. In France there is an army of patrols to secure her fiscal regulations. A. Hamilton. Patrole Pa*trole" (?), n. & v. See Patrol, n. & v. Patrolman Pa*trol"man (?), n.; pl. Patrolmen (. One who patrols; a watchman; especially, a policeman who patrols a particular precinct of a town or city. Patron Pa"tron (?), n. [F., fr. L. patronus, fr. pater a father. See Paternal, and cf. Patroon, Padrone, Pattern.] 1. One who protects, supports, or countenances; a defender. "Patron of my life and liberty." Shak. "The patron of true holiness." Spenser. 2. (Rom. Antiq.) (a) A master who had freed his slave, but still retained some paternal rights over him. (b) A man of distinction under whose protection another person placed himself. (c) An advocate or pleader. Let him who works the client wrong Beware the patron's ire. Macaulay. 3. One who encourages or helps a person, a cause, or a work; a furtherer; a promoter; as, a patron of art. 4. (Eccl. Law) One who has gift and disposition of a benefice. [Eng.] 5. A guardian saint. -- called also patron saint. 6. (Naut.) See Padrone, 2. Patrons of Husbandry, the grangers. See Granger, 2. Patron Pa"tron, v. t. To be a patron of; to patronize; to favor. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Patron Pa"tron, a. Doing the duty of a patron; giving aid or protection; tutelary. Dryden. Patron saint (R. C. Ch.), a saint regarded as the peculiar protector of a country, community, church, profession, etc., or of an individual. Patronage Pa"tron*age (?), n. [F. patronage. Cf. LL. patronaticum, and L. patronatus.] 1. Special countenance or support; favor, encouragement, or aid, afforded to a person or a work; as, the patronage of letters; patronage given to an author. 2. Business custom. [Commercial Cant] 3. Guardianship, as of a saint; tutelary care. Addison. 4. The right of nomination to political office; also, the offices, contracts, honors, etc., which a public officer may bestow by favor. 5. (Eng. Law) The right of presentation to church or ecclesiastical benefice; advowson. Blackstone. Patronage Pa"tron*age, v. t. To act as a patron of; to maintain; to defend. [Obs.] Shak. Patronal Pa"tron*al (?), a. [L. patronalis; cf. F. patronal.] Patron; protecting; favoring. [R.] Sir T. Browne. Patronate Pa"tron*ate (?), n. [L. patronatus.] The right or duty of a patron; patronage. [R.] Westm. Rev. Patroness Pa"tron*ess (?), n. [Cf. F. patronnesse.] A female patron or helper. Spenser. Night, best patroness of grief. Milton. Patronization Pa`tron*i*za"tion (?), n. The act of patronizing; patronage; support. [R.] Patronize Pa"tron*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Patronized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Patronizing (?).] 1. To act as patron toward; to support; to countenance; to favor; to aid. The idea has been patronized by two States only. A. Hamilton. 2. To trade with customarily; to frequent as a customer. [Commercial Cant] 3. To assume the air of a patron, or of a superior and protector, toward; -- used in an unfavorable sense; as, to patronize one's equals. Patronizer Pa"tron*i`zer (?), n. One who patronizes. Patronizing Pa"tron*i`zing (?), a. Showing condescending favor; assuming the manner of airs of a superior toward another. -- Pat"ron*i`zing*ly, adv. Thackeray. Patronless Pa"tron*less (?), a. Destitute of a patron. Patronomayology Pa`tro*nom`a*yol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. onomatology.] That branch of knowledge which deals with personal names and their origin; the study of patronymics. Patronymic Pa`tro*nym"ic (?), a. [L. patronymicus, Gr. patronymique.] Derived from ancestors; as, a patronymic denomination. Patronymic Pa`tro*nym"ic, n. [Gr. A modification of the father's name borne by the son; a name derived from that of a parent or ancestor; as, Pelides, the son of Peleus; Johnson, the son of John; Macdonald, the son of Donald; Paulowitz, the son of Paul; also, the surname of a family; the family name. M. A. Lower. Patronymical Pa`tro*nym"ic*al (?), a. Same as Patronymic. Patroon Pa*troon" (?), n. [D. patroon a patron, a protector. See Patron.] One of the proprietors of certain tracts of land with manorial privileges and right of entail, under the old Dutch governments of New York and New Jersey. Patroonship Pa*troon"ship, n. The office of a patroon. Irving. Patt\'82, Pattee Pat`t\'82" (?), Pat*tee" (?), a. [F. patt\'82, fem. patt\'82e, fr. patte paw, foot. Cf. Patten.] (Her.) Narrow at the inner, and very broad at the other, end, or having its arms of that shape; -- said of a cross. See Illust. (8) of Cross. [Written also pat\'82, patee.] Pattemar Pat"te*mar (?), n. See Patamar. Patten Pat"ten (?), n. [F. patin a high-heeled shoe, fr. patte paw, foot. Cf. Panton, Patt\'82.] 1. A clog or sole of wood, usually supported by an iron ring, worn to raise the feet from the wet or the mud. The patten now supports each frugal dame. Gay. 2. A stilt. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Pattened Pat"ten*ed (?), a. Wearing pattens. "Some pattened girl." Jane Austen. Patter Pat"ter (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pattered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pattering.] [Freq. of pat to strike gently.] 1. To strike with a quick succession of slight, sharp sounds; as, pattering rain or hail; pattering feet. The stealing shower is scarce to patter heard. Thomson. 2. To mutter; to mumble; as, to patter with the lips. Tyndale. [In this sense, and in the following, perh. from paternoster.] 3. To talk glibly; to chatter; to harangue. [Colloq.] I've gone out and pattered to get money. Mayhew. Patter Pat"ter, v. t. 1. To spatter; to sprinkle. [R.] "And patter the water about the boat." J. R. Drake. 2. [See Patter, v. i., 2.] To mutter; as prayers. [The hooded clouds] patter their doleful prayers. Longfellow. To patter flash, to talk in thieves' cant. [Slang] Patter Pat"ter, n. 1. A quick succession of slight sounds; as, the patter of rain; the patter of little feet. 2. Glib and rapid speech; a voluble harangue. 3. The cant of a class; patois; as, thieves's patter; gypsies' patter. Patterer Pat"ter*er (?), n. One who patters, or talks glibly; specifically, a street peddler. [Cant, Eng.] Pattern Pat"tern (?), n. [OE. patron, F. patron, a patron, also, a pattern. See Patron.] 1. Anything proposed for imitation; an archetype; an exemplar; that which is to be, or is worthy to be, copied or imitated; as, a pattern of a machine. I will be the pattern of all patience. Shak. 2. A part showing the figure or quality of the whole; a specimen; a sample; an example; an instance. He compares the pattern with the whole piece. Swift. 3. Stuff sufficient for a garment; as, a dress pattern. 4. Figure or style of decoration; design; as, wall paper of a beautiful pattern. 5. Something made after a model; a copy. Shak. The patterns of things in the heavens. Heb. ix. 23. 6. Anything cut or formed to serve as a guide to cutting or forming objects; as, a dressmaker's pattern. 7. (Founding) A full-sized model around which a mold of sand is made, to receive the melted metal. It is usually made of wood and in several parts, so as to be removed from the mold without injuring it. <-- a definable characteristic relationship between the members of any set of objects or actions; also, the set having a definable relationship between its members. Thus: the distribution of bomb or shell impacts on a target area, or of bullet holes in a target; a set of traits or actions that appear to be consistent throughout the members of a group or over time within a group, as behavioral pattern, traffic pattern, dress pattern --> Pattern box, chain, OR cylinder (Figure Weaving), devices, in a loom, for presenting several shuttles to the picker in the proper succession for forming the figure. -- Pattern card. (a) A set of samples on a card. (b) (Weaving) One of the perforated cards in a Jacquard apparatus. -- Pattern reader, one who arranges textile patterns. -- Pattern wheel (Horology), a count-wheel. Pattern Pat"tern, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Patterned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Patterning.] 1. To make or design (anything) by, from, or after, something that serves as a pattern; to copy; to model; to imitate. Milton. [A temple] patterned from that which Adam reared in Paradise. Sir T. Herbert. 2. To serve as an example for; also, to parallel. To pattern after, to imitate; to follow. Patty Pat"ty (?), n.; pl. Patties (#). [F. p\'83t\'82. See Pasty.] A little pie. Pattypan Pat"ty*pan` (?), n. 1. A pan for baking patties. 2. A patty. [Obs.] Patulous Pat"u*lous (?), a. [L. patulus, fr. patere to be open, extend.] Open; expanded; slightly spreading; having the parts loose or dispersed; as, a patulous calyx; a patulous cluster of flowers. The eyes are large and patulous. Sir J. Hill. Pau Pau (?), n. See Pah. Pauciloquent Pau*cil"o*quent (?), a. Uttering few words; brief in speech. [R.] Pauciloquy Pau*cil"o*quy (?), n. [L. pauciloquium; paucus little + loqui to speak.] Brevity in speech. [R.] Paucispiral Pau`ci*spi"ral (?), a. [L. paucus few + E. spiral.] (Zo\'94l.) Having few spirals, or whorls; as, a paucispiral operculum or shell. Paucity Pau"ci*ty (?), n. [L. paucitas, fr. paucus few, little: cf. F. paucit\'82 See Few.] 1. Fewness; smallness of number; scarcity. Hooker. Revelation denies it by the stern reserve, the paucity, and the incompleteness, of its communications. I. Taylor. 2. Smallnes of quantity; exiguity; insufficiency; as, paucity of blood. Sir T. Browne. Paugie, Paugy Pau"gie, Pau"gy (?), n.; pl. Paugies (#). [Corrupted from Amer. Indian mishcuppauog. See Scup.] (Zo\'94l.) The scup. See Porgy, and Scup. Pauhaugen Pau*hau"gen (?), n. [North Amer. Indian.] (Zo\'94l.) The menhaden; -- called also poghaden. Paul Paul (?), n. See Pawl. Paul Paul, n. An Italian silver coin. See Paolo. Pauldron Paul"dron (?), n. [See Powldron.] (Mil. Antiq.) A piece of armor covering the shoulder at the junction of the body piece and arm piece. Paulian, Paulianist Pau"li*an (?), Pau"li*an*ist (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) A follower of Paul of Samosata, a bishop of Antioch in the third century, who was deposed for denying the divinity of Christ. Paulician Pau"li*cian (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Eccl. Hist.) One of a sect of Christian dualists originating in Armenia in the seventh century. They rejected the Old Testament and the part of the New. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1053 Paulin Pau"lin (?), n. (Naut.) See Tarpaulin. Pauline Pau"line (?), a. [L. Paulinus, fr. Paulus Paul.] Of or pertaining to the apostle Paul, or his writings; resembling, or conforming to, the writings of Paul; as, the Pauline epistles; Pauline doctrine. My religion had always been Pauline. J. H. Newman. Paulist Paul"ist (?), n. (R. C. Ch.) A member of The Institute of the Missionary Priests of St. Paul the Apostle, founded in 1858 by the Rev. I. T. Hecker of New York. The majority of the members were formerly Protestants. Paulownia Pau*low"ni*a (?), n. [NL. So named from the Russian princess Anna Pavlovna.] (Bot.) A genus of trees of the order Scrophulariace\'91, consisting of one species, Paulownia imperialis. NOTE: &hand; Th e tr ee is na tive to Ja pan, an d ha s im mense heart-shaped leaves, and large purplish flowers in panicles. The capsules contain many little winged seeds, which are beautiful microscopic objects. The tree is hardy in America as far north as Connecticut. Paum Paum (?), v. t. & i. [See Palm to cheat.] To palm off by fraud; to cheat at cards. [Obs.] Swift. Paunce Paunce (?), n. [See Pansy.] (Bot.) The pansy. "The pretty paunce." Spenser. Paunch Paunch (?), n. [OF. panch, pance, F. panse, L. pantex, panticis.] 1. (Anat.) The belly and its contents; the abdomen; also, the first stomach, or rumen, of ruminants. See Rumen. 2. (Naut.) A paunch mat; -- called also panch. 3. The thickened rim of a bell, struck by the clapper. Paunch mat (Naut.), a thick mat made of strands of rope, used to prevent the yard or rigging from chafing. Paunch Paunch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paunched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paunching.] 1. To pierce or rip the belly of; to eviscerate; to disembowel. Shak. 2. To stuff with food. [Obs.] Udall. Paunchy Paunch"y (?), a. Pot-bellied. [R.] Dickens. Paune Paune (?), n. A kind of bread. See Pone. Pauper Pau"per (?), n. [L. See Poor.] A poor person; especially, one development on private or public charity. Also used adjectively; as, pouper immigrants, pouper labor. Pauperism Pau"per*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. paup\'82risme.] The state of being a pauper; the state of indigent persons requiring support from the community. Whatly. Syn. -- Poverty; indigence; penury; want; need; destitution. See Poverty. Pauperization Pau`per*i*za"tion (?), n. The act or process of reducing to pauperism. C. Kingsley. Pauperize Pau"per*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pauperized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pauperizing (?).] To reduce to pauperism; as, to pauperize the peasantry. Pauropoda Pau*rop"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. -poda.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of small myriapods having only nine pairs of legs and destitute of trache\'91. Pause Pause (?), n. [F., fr. L. pausa. See Pose.] 1. A temporary stop or rest; an intermission of action; interruption; suspension; cessation. 2. Temporary inaction or waiting; hesitation; suspence; doubt. I stand in pause where I shall first begin. Shak. 3. In speaking or reading aloud, a brief arrest or suspension of voice, to indicate the limits and relations of sentences and their parts. 4. In writing and printing, a mark indicating the place and nature of an arrest of voice in reading; a punctuation point; as, teach the pupil to mind the pauses. 5. A break or paragraph in writing. He writes with warmth, which usually neglects method, and those partitions and pauses which men educated in schools observe. Locke. 6. (Mus.) A hold. See 4th Hold, 7. Syn. -- Stop; cessation; suspension. Pause Pause, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Paused (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pausing.] [Cf. F. pauser, L. pausare. See Pause, n., Pose.] 1. To make a short stop; to cease for a time; to intermit speaking or acting; to stop; to wait; to rest. "Tarry, pause a day or two." Shak. Pausing while, thus to herself she mused. Milton. 2. To be intermitted; to cease; as, the music pauses. 3. To hesitate; to hold back; to delay. [R.] Why doth the Jew pause? Take thy forfeiture. Shak. <-- is this anti-semitic or what? --> 4. To stop in order to consider; hence, to consider; to reflect. [R.] "Take time to pause." Shak. To pause upon, to deliberate concerning. Shak. Syn. -- To intermit; stop; stay; wait; delay; tarry; hesitate; demur. Pause Pause, v. t. To cause to stop or rest; -- used reflexively. [R.] Shak. Pauser Paus"er (?), n. One who pauses. Shak. Pausingly Paus"ing*ly, adv. With pauses; haltingly. Shak. Pauxi Paux"i (?), n. [From the native name: cf. Sp. pauji.] (Zo\'94l.) A curassow (Ourax pauxi), which, in South America, is often domesticated. Pavage Pav"age (?), n. [Cf. F. pavage.] See Pavage. [R.] Pavan Pav"an (?), n. [F. pavane; cf. It. & Sp. pavana, and Sp. pavon, pavo, a peacock, L. pavo.] A stately and formal Spanish dance for which full state costume is worn; -- so called from the resemblance of its movements to those of the peacock. [Written also pavane, paven, pavian, and pavin.] Pav\'82 Pa`v\'82" (?), n. [F., from paver to pave. See Pave.] The pavement. Nymphe du pav\'82 ([A low euphemism.] Pave Pave (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paving.] [F. paver to pave, LL. pavare, from L. pavire to beat, ram, or tread down; cf. Gr. 1. To lay or cover with stone, brick, or other material, so as to make a firm, level, or convenient surface for horses, carriages, or persons on foot, to travel on; to floor with brick, stone, or other solid material; as, to pave a street; to pave a court.<-- for vehicles --> With silver paved, and all divine with gold. Dryden. To pave thy realm, and smooth the broken ways. Gay. 2. Fig.: To make smooth, easy, and safe; to prepare, as a path or way; as, to pave the way to promotion; to pave the way for an enterprise. It might open and pave a prepared way to his own title. Bacon. Pavement Pave"ment (?), n. [F., fr. LL. pavamentum, L. pavimentum. See Pave.] That with which anythingis paved; a floor or covering of solid material, laid so as to make a hard and convenient surface for travel; a paved road or sidewalk; a decorative interior floor of tiles or colored bricks. The riches of heaven's pavement, trodden gold. Milton. Pavement teeth (Zo\'94l.), flattened teeth which in certain fishes, as the skates and cestracionts, are arranged side by side, like tiles in a pavement. Pavement Pave"ment, v. t. To furnish with a pavement; to pave. [Obs.] "How richly pavemented!" Bp. Hall. Paven Pav"en (?), n. See Pavan. Paver Pav"er (?), n. One who paves; one who lays a pavement. [Written also pavier and pavior.] Pavesade Pav`e*sade" (?), n. [F. See Pavise.] A canvas screen, formerly sometimes extended along the side of a vessel in a naval engagement, to conceal from the enemy the operations on board. Pavese, Pavesse Pa*vese" (?), Pa*vesse" (?), n. Pavise. [Obs.] Paviage Pa"vi*age (?), n. (Law) A contribution or a tax for paving streets or highways. Bouvier. Pavian Pav"i*an (?), n. See Pavan. Pavid Pav"id (?), a. [L. pavidus, from pavere to be afraid.] Timid; fearful. [R.] Thackeray. Pavidity Pa*vid"i*ty (?), n. Timidity. [R.] Pavier Pav"ier (?), n. A paver. Paviiv Pa"vi*iv (?), n. (Chem.) A glucoside found in species of the genus Pavia of the Horse-chestnut family. Pavilion Pa*vil"ion (?), n. [F. pavillon, fr. L. pavilio a butterfly, also, a tent, because spread out like a butterfly's wings.] 1. A temporary movable habitation; a large tent; a marquee; esp., a tent raised on posts. "[The] Greeks do pitch their brave pavilions." Shak. 2. (Arch.) A single body or mass of building, contained within simple walls and a single roof, whether insulated, as in the park or garden of a larger edifice, or united with other parts, and forming an angle or central feature of a large pile. 3. (Mil.) A flag, colors, ensign, or banner. 4. (Her.) Same as Tent (Her.) 5. That part of a brilliant which lies between the girdle and collet. See Illust. of Brilliant. 6. (Anat.) The auricle of the ear; also, the fimbriated extremity of the Fallopian tube. 7. A covering; a canopy; figuratively, the sky. The pavilion of heaven is bare. Shelley. Pavilion Pa*vil"ion, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pavilioned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pavilioning.] To furnish or cover with, or shelter in, a tent or tents. The field pavilioned with his guardians bright. Milton. Pavin Pav"in (?), n. See Pavan. Paving Pav"ing (?), n. 1. The act or process of laying a pavement, or covering some place with a pavement. 2. A pavement. Pavior Pav"ior (?), n. 1. One who paves; a paver. 2. A rammer for driving paving stones. 3. A brick or slab used for paving. Pavise Pa*vise (?), n. [OF. pavaix, F. pavois; cf. It. pavese, LL. pavense; perh. named from Pavia in Italy.] (Mil. Antiq.) A large shield covering the whole body, carried by a pavisor, who sometimes screened also an archer with it. [Written also pavais, pavese, and pavesse.] Fairholt. Pavisor Pa*vis"or (?), n. (Mil. Antiq.) A soldier who carried a pavise. Pavo Pa"vo (?), n. [L., a peacock. See Peacock.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of birds, including the peacocks. 2. (Astron.) The Peacock, a constellation of the southern hemisphere. Pavon Pa"von (?), n. A small triangular flag, esp. one attached to a knight's lance; a pennon. Pavone Pa*vone" (?), n. [Cf. It. pavone, Sp. pavon, fr. L. pavo.] (Zo\'94l.) A peacock. [Obs.] Spenser. Pavonian Pa*vo"ni*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to a peacock. [R.] Southey. Pavonine Pav"o*nine (?), a. [L. pavoninus, fr. pavo a peacock. See Peacock.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) Like, or pertaining to, the genus Pavo. 2. Characteristic of a peacock; resembling the tail of a peacock, as in colors; iridescent. P. Cleaveland. Paw Paw (?), n. [OE. pawe, poue, OF. poe: cf. patte, LG. pote, D. poot, G. pfote.] 1. The foot of a quadruped having claws, as the lion, dog, cat, etc. 2. The hand. [Jocose] Dryden. Paw clam (Zo\'94l.), the tridacna; -- so called because shaped like an animal's paw. Paw Paw, v. i. To draw the forefoot along the ground; to beat or scrape with the forefoot. Job xxxix. 21. Paw Paw, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pawed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pawing.] 1. To pass the paw over; to stroke or handle with the paws; hence, to handle fondly or rudely. 2. To scrape or beat with the forefoot. His hot courser pawed the Hungarian plane. Tickell. Pawk Pawk (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small lobster. Travis. Pawky Paw"ky (?), a. [Cf. AS. p\'91cean to deceive.] Arch; cunning; sly. [Scot.] Jamieson. Pawl Pawl (?), n. [W. pawl a pole, a stake. Cf. Pole a stake.] (Mach.) A pivoted tongue, or sliding bolt, on one part of a machine, adapted to fall into notches, or interdental spaces, on another part, as a ratchet wheel, in such a manner as to permit motion in one direction and prevent it in the reverse, as in a windlass; a catch, click, or detent. See Illust. of Ratchet Wheel. [Written also paul, or pall.] Pawl bitt (Naut.), a heavy timber, set abaft the windlass, to receive the strain of the pawls. -- Pawl rim OR ring (Naut.), a stationary metallic ring surrounding the base of a capstan, having notches for the pawls to catch in. Pawl Pawl, v. t. To stop with a pawl; to drop the pawls off. To pawl the capstan. See under Capstan. Pawn Pawn (?), n. See Pan, the masticatory. Pawn Pawn, n. [OE. paune, poun, OF. peon, poon, F. pion, LL. pedo a foot soldier, fr. L. pes, pedis, foot. See Foot, and cf. Pioneer, Peon.] (Chess) A man or piece of the lowest rank. Pawn Pawn, n. [OF. pan pledge, assurance, skirt, piece, F. pan skirt, lappet, piece, from L. pannus. See Pane.] 1. Anything delivered or deposited as security, as for the payment of money borrowed, or of a debt; a pledge. See Pledge, n., 1. As for mortgaging or pawning, . . . men will not take pawns without use [i.e., interest]. Bacon. 2. State of being pledged; a pledge for the fulfillment of a promise. [R.] Redeem from broking pawn the blemish'd crown. Shak. As the morning dew is a pawn of the evening fatness. Donne. 3. A stake hazarded in a wager. [Poetic] My life I never held but as a pawn To wage against thy enemies. Shak. In pawn, At pawn, in the state of being pledged. "Sweet wife, my honor is at pawn." Shak. -- Pawn ticket, a receipt given by the pawnbroker for an article pledged. Pawn Pawn, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pawned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pawning.] 1. To give or deposit in pledge, or as security for the payment of money borrowed; to put in pawn; to pledge; as, to pawn one's watch.<-- = to hock (colloq.) --> And pawned the last remaining piece of plate. Dryden. 2. To pledge for the fulfillment of a promise; to stake; to risk; to wager; to hazard. Pawning his honor to obtain his lust. Shak. Pawnable Pawna*ble (?), a. Capable of being pawned. Pawnbroker Pawn"bro`ker (?), n. One who makes a business of lending money on the security of personal property pledged or deposited in his keeping. Pawnbroking Pawn"bro`king, n. The business of a pawnbroker. Pawnee Pawn*ee" (?), n. (Law) One or two whom a pledge is delivered as security; one who takes anything in pawn. Pawnees Paw`nees" (?), n. pl.; sing. Pawnee (. (Ethnol.) A tribe of Indians (called also Loups) who formerly occupied the region of the Platte river, but now live mostly in the Indian Territory. The term is often used in a wider sense to include also the related tribes of Rickarees and Wichitas. Called also Pani. Pawner, Pawnor Pawn"er (?), Pawn*or" (?), n. (Law) One who pawns or pledges anything as security for the payment of borrowed money or of a debt. Pawpaw Paw`paw" (?), n. (Bot.) See Papaw. Pax Pax (?), n. [L. pax peace. See Peace.] 1. (Eccl.) The kiss of peace; also, the embrace in the sanctuary now substituted for it at High Mass in Roman Catholic churches. 2. (R. C. Ch.) A tablet or board, on which is a representation of Christ, of the Virgin Mary, or of some saint and which, in the Mass, was kissed by the priest and then by the people, in medi\'91val times; an osculatory. It is still used in communities, confraternities, etc. Kiss the pax, and be quiet like your neighbors. Chapman. Paxillose Pax"il*lose` (?), a. [L. paxillus a small stake.] (Geol.) Resembling a little stake. Paxillus Pax*il"lus (?), n.; pl. Paxilli (#). [L., a peg.] (Zo\'94l.) One of a peculiar kind of spines covering the surface of certain starfishes. They are pillarlike, with a flattened summit which is covered with minute spinules or granules. See Illustration in Appendix. Paxwax Pax"wax` (?), n. [For faxvax, fr. AS. fea hair (akin to OHG. fahs) + weaxan to grow. See Wax to grow, and cf. Faxed, Pectinate.] (Anat.) The strong ligament of the back of the neck in quadrupeds. It connects the back of the skull with dorsal spines of the cervical vertebr\'91, and helps to support the head. Called also paxywaxy and packwax. Paxywaxy Pax"y*wax`y (?), n. (Anat.) See Paxwax. Pay Pay (?), v. t. [OF. peier, fr. L. picare to pitch, i pitch: cf. OF. peiz pitch, F. poix. See Pitch a black substance.] (Naut.) To cover, as bottom of a vessel, a seam, a spar, etc., with tar or pitch, or waterproof composition of tallow, resin, etc.; to smear. Pay Pay, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paid (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paying.] [OE. paien, F. payer, fr. L. pacare to pacify, appease, fr. pax, pacis, peace. See Peace.] 1. To satisfy, or content; specifically, to satisfy (another person) for service rendered, property delivered, etc.; to discharge one's obligation to; to make due return to; to compensate; to remunerate; to recompense; to requite; as, to pay workmen or servants. May no penny ale them pay [i. e., satisfy]. P. Plowman. [She] pays me with disdain. Dryden. 2. Hence, figuratively: To compensate justly; to requite according to merit; to reward; to punish; to retort or retaliate upon. For which, or pay me quickly, or I'll pay you. B. Jonson. 3. To discharge, as a debt, demand, or obligation, by giving or doing what is due or required; to deliver the amount or value of to the person to whom it is owing; to discharge a debt by delivering (money owed). "Pay me that thou owest." Matt. xviii. 28. Have patience with me, and I will pay thee all. Matt. xviii. 26. If they pay this tax, they starve. Tennyson. 4. To discharge or fulfill, as a duy; to perform or render duty, as that which has been promised. This day have I paid my vows. Prov. vii. 14. 5. To give or offer, without an implied obligation; as, to pay attention; to pay a visit. Not paying me a welcome. Shak. To pay off. (a) To make compensation to and discharge; as, to pay off the crew of a ship. (b) To allow (a thread, cord, etc.) to run off; to unwind. -- To pay one's duty, to render homage, as to a sovereign or other superior. -- To pay out (Naut.), to pass out; hence, to slacken; to allow to run out; as, to pay out more cable. See under Cable. -- To pay the piper, to bear the cost, expense, or trouble. [Colloq.] Pay Pay (?), v. i. To give a recompense; to make payment, requital, or satisfaction; to discharge a debt. The wicked borroweth, and payeth not again. Ps. xxxvii. 21. 2. Hence, to make or secure suitable return for expense or trouble; to be remunerative or profitable; to be worth the effort or pains required; as, it will pay to ride; it will pay to wait; politeness always pays. To pay for. (a) To make amends for; to atone for; as, men often pay for their mistakes with loss of property or reputation, sometimes with life. (b) To give an equivalent for; to bear the expense of; to be mulcted on account of. 'T was I paid for your sleeps; I watched your wakings. Beau. & Fl. -- To pay off. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Naut.) To fall to leeward, as the head of a vessel under sail. -- To pay on. [Etymol. uncertain.] To beat with vigor; to redouble blows. [Colloq.] -- To pay round [Etymol. uncertain.] (Naut.) To turn the ship's head. Pay Pay, n. 1. Satisfaction; content. Chaucer. 2. An equivalent or return for money due, goods purchased, or services performed; salary or wages for work or service; compensation; recompense; payment; hire; as, the pay of a clerk; the pay of a soldier. Where only merit constant pay receives. Pope. There is neither pay nor plunder to be got. L'Estrange. Full pay, the whole amount of wages or salary; maximum pay; especially, the highest pay or allowance to civil or military officers of a certain rank, without deductions. -- Half pay. See under Half. -- Pay day, the day of settlement of accounts. -- Pay dirt (Mining), earth which yields a profit to the miner. [Western U.S.] -- Pay office, a place where payment is made. -- Pay roll, a roll or list of persons entitled to payment, with the amounts due.<-- (b) the total sum of money which is paid to all employees on payday --> Payable Pay"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. payable. Cf. Pacable.] 1. That may, can, or should be paid; suitable to be paid; justly due. Drayton. Thanks are a tribute payable by the poorest. South. 2. (Law) (a) That may be discharged or settled by delivery of value. (b) Matured; now due. Payee Pay*ee" (?), n. The person to whom money is to be, or has been, paid; the person named in a bill or note, to whom, or to whose order, the amount is promised or directed to be paid. See Bill of exchange, under Bill. Payen Pay"en (?), n. & a. Pagan. [F.] [Obs.] Chaucer. Payer Pay"er (?), n. One who pays; specifically, the person by whom a bill or note has been, or should be, paid. Paymaster Pay"mas`ter (?), n. One who pays; one who compensates, rewards, or requites; specifically, an officer or agent of a government, a corporation, or an employer, whose duty it is to pay salaries, wages, etc., and keep account of the same. Payment Pay"ment (?), n. [F. payment, paiement. See Pay to requite.] 1. The act of paying, or giving compensation; the discharge of a debt or an obligation. No man envieth the payment of a debt. Bacon. 2. That which is paid; the thing given in discharge of a debt, or an obligation, or in fulfillment of a promise; reward; recompense; requital; return. Shak. 3. Punishment; chastisement. [R.] Payn Payn (?), n. [OF. & F. pain, fr. L. panis bread.] Bread. Having Piers Plowman. Payndemain Payn`de*main" (?), n. [OF. pain bread + demaine manorial, lordly, own, private. See Payn, and Demesne. Said to be so called from the figure of our Lord impressed upon it.] The finest and whitest bread made in the Middle Ages; -- called also paynemain, payman. [Obs.] Paynim Pay"nim (?), n & a. See Painim. Paynize Payn"ize (?), v. t. [From Mr. Payne, the inventor.] To treat or preserve, as wood, by a process resembling kyanizing. Payor Pay*or" (?), n. (Law) See Payer. [R.] Payse Payse (?), v. t. To poise. [Obs.] Spenser. Paytine Pay"tine (?), n. (Chem.) An alkaloid obtained from a white bark resembling that of the cinchona, first brought from Payta, in Peru. Pea Pea (?), n. [OF. peis. See Poise.] The sliding weight on a steelyard. [Written also pee.] Pea Pea, n. (Naut.) See Peak, n., 3. Pea Pea, n.; pl. Peas (#) or Pease (#). [OE. pese, fr. AS. pisa, or OF. peis, F. pois; both fr. L. pisum; cf. Gr. s was misunderstood in English as a plural ending. Cf. Pease.] 1. (Bot.) A plant, and its fruit, of the genus Pisum, of many varieties, much cultivated for food. It has a papilionaceous flower, and the pericarp is a legume, popularly called a pod. NOTE: &hand; Wh en a definite number, more than one, is spoken of, the plural form peas is used; as, the pod contained nine peas; but, in a collective sense, the form pease is preferred; as, a bushel of pease; they had pease at dinner. This distinction is not always preserved, the form peas being used in both senses. 2. A name given, especially in the Southern States, to the seed of several leguminous plants (species of Dolichos, Cicer, Abrus, etc.) esp. those having a scar (hilum) of a different color from the rest of the seed. NOTE: &hand; Th e na me pea is given to many leguminous plants more or less closely related to the common pea. See the Phrases, below. Beach pea (Bot.), a seashore plant, Lathyrus maritimus. -- Black-eyed pea, a West Indian name for Dolichos sph\'91rospermus and its seed. -- Butterfly pea, the American plant Clitoria Mariana, having showy blossoms. -- Chick pea. See Chick-pea. -- Egyptian pea. Same as Chick-pea. -- Everlasting pea. See under Everlasting. -- Glory pea. See under Glory, n. -- Hoary pea, any plant of the genus Tephrosia; goat's rue. -- Issue pea, Orris pea. (Med.) See under Issue, and Orris. -- Milk pea. (Bot.) See under Milk. -- Pea berry, a kind of a coffee bean or grain which grows single, and is round or pea-shaped; often used adjectively; as, pea-berry coffee. -- Pea bug. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Pea weevil. -- Pea coal, a size of coal smaller than nut coal. -- Pea crab (Zo\'94l.), any small crab of the genus Pinnotheres, living as a commensal in bivalves; esp., the European species (P. pisum) which lives in the common mussel and the cockle. -- Pea dove (Zo\'94l.), the American ground dove. -- Pea-flower tribe (Bot.), a suborder (Papilionace\'91) of leguminous plants having blossoms essentially like that of the pea. G. Bentham. -- Pea maggot (Zo\'94l.), the larva of a European moth (Tortrix pisi), which is very destructive to peas. -- Pea ore (Min.), argillaceous oxide of iron, occurring in round grains of a size of a pea; pisolitic ore. -- Pea starch, the starch or flour of the common pea, which is sometimes used in adulterating wheat flour, pepper, etc. -- Pea tree (Bot.), the name of several leguminous shrubs of the genus Caragana, natives of Siberia and China. -- Pea vine. (Bot.) (a) Any plant which bears peas. (b) A kind of vetch or tare, common in the United States (Lathyrus Americana, and other similar species). -- Pea weevil (Zo\'94l.), a small weevil (Bruchus pisi) which destroys peas by eating out the interior. -- Pigeon pea. (Bot.) See Pigeon pea. -- Sweet pea (Bot.), the annual plant Lathyrus odoratus; also, its many-colored, sweet-scented blossoms. Peabird Pea"bird` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The wryneck; -- so called from its note. [Prov. Eng.] Peabody bird Pea"bod*y bird` (?). (Zo\'94l.) An American sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis) having a conspicuous white throat. The name is imitative of its note. Called also White-throated sparrow. Peace Peace (?), n. [OE. pees, pais, OF. pais, paiz, pes, F. paix, L. pax, pacis, akin to pacere, paciscere, pacisci, to make an agreement, and prob. also pangere to fasten. Cf. Appease, Fair, a., Fay, v., Fang, Pacify, Pact, Pay to requite.] A state of quiet or tranquillity; freedom from disturbance or agitation; calm; repose; specifically: (a) Exemption from, or cessation of, war with public enemies. (b) Public quiet, order, and contentment in obedience to law. (c) Exemption from, or subjection of, agitating passions; tranquillity of mind or conscience. (d) Reconciliation; agreement after variance; harmony; concord. "The eternal love and pees." Chaucer. NOTE: &hand; Pe ace is so metimes us ed as an ex clamation in commanding silence, quiet, or order. "Peace! foolish woman." Shak. At peace, in a state of peace. -- Breach of the peace. See under Breach. -- Justice of the peace. See under Justice. -- Peace of God. (Law) (a) A term used in wills, indictments, etc., as denoting a state of peace and good conduct. (b) (Theol.) The peace of heart which is the gift of God. -- Peace offering. (a) (Jewish Antiq.) A voluntary offering to God in token of devout homage and of a sense of friendly communion with Him. (b) A gift or service offered as satisfaction to an offended person. -- Peace officer, a civil officer whose duty it is to preserve the public peace, to prevent riots, etc., as a sheriff or constable. -- To hold one's peace, to be silent; to refrain from speaking. -- To make one's peace with, to reconcile one with, to plead one's cause with, or to become reconciled with, another. "I will make your peace with him." Shak. Peace Peace, v. t. & i. To make or become quiet; to be silent; to stop. [R.] "Peace your tattlings." Shak. When the thunder would not peace at my bidding. Shak. Peaceable Peace"a*ble (?), a. [OE. peisible, F. paisible.] Begin in or at peace; tranquil; quiet; free from, or not disposed to, war, disorder, or excitement; not quarrelsome. -- Peace"a*ble*ness, n. -- Peace"a*bly, adv. Syn. -- Peaceful; pacific; tranquil; quiet; mild; undisturbed; serene; still. -- Peaceable, Peaceful. Peaceable describes the state of an individual, nation, etc., in reference to external hostility, attack, etc.; peaceful, in respect to internal disturbance. The former denotes "in the spirit of peace;" latter; "in the possession or enjoyment of peace." A peaceable adjustment of difficulties; a peaceful life, scene. Peacebreaker Peace"break`er (?), n. One who disturbs the public peace. -- Peace"break`ing, n. Peaceful Peace"ful (?), a. 1. Possessing or enjoying peace; not disturbed by war, tumult, agitation, anxiety, or commotion; quiet; tranquil; as, a peaceful time; a peaceful country; a peaceful end. 2. Not disposed or tending to war, tumult or agitation; pacific; mild; calm; peaceable; as, peaceful words. Syn. -- See Peaceable. --Peace"ful*ly, adv.. -- Peace"ful*ness, n. Peaceless Peace"less, a. Without peace; disturbed. Sandys. Peacemaker Peace"mak`er (?), n. One who makes peace by reconciling parties that are at variance. Matt. v. 9. --Peace"mak`ing, n. Peach Peach (?), v. t. [See Appeach, Impeach.] To accuse of crime; to inform against. [Obs.] Foxe. Peach Peach, v. i. To turn informer; to betray one's accomplice. [Obs. or Colloq.] If I be ta'en, I'll peach for this. Shak. Peach Peach (?), n. [OE. peche, peshe, OF. pesche, F. p\'88che, fr. LL. persia, L. Persicum (sc. malum) a Persian apple, a peach. Cf. Persian, and Parsee.] (Bot.) A well-known high-flavored juicy fruit, containing one or two seeds in a hard almond-like endocarp or stone; also, the tree which bears it (Prunus, OR Amygdalus Persica). In the wild stock the fruit is hard and inedible. Guinea, OR Sierra Leone, peach, the large edible berry of the Sarcocephalus esculentus, a rubiaceous climbing shrub of west tropical Africa. -- Palm peach, the fruit of a Venezuelan palm tree (Bactris speciosa). -- Peach color, the pale red color of the peach blossom. -- Peach-tree borer (Zo\'94l.), the larva of a clearwing moth (\'92geria, OR Sannina, exitiosa) of the family \'92geriid\'91, which is very destructive to peach trees by boring in the wood, usually near the ground; also, the moth itself. See Illust. under Borer. Peach-colored Peach"-col`ored (?), a. Of the color of a peach blossom. "Peach-colored satin." Shak. Peacher Peach"er (?), n. One who peaches. [Low] Foxe. Peachick Pea"chick` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The chicken of the peacock. Peachy Peach"y (?), a. Resembling a peach or peaches. Peacock Pea"cock` (?), n. [OE. pecok. Pea- in this word is from AS. pe\'a0, p\'bewa, peacock, fr. L. pavo, prob. of Oriental origin; cf. Gr. t\'beus, t\'bewus, Ar. t\'bewu. See Cock the bird.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) The male of any pheasant of the genus Pavo, of which at least two species are known, native of Southern Asia and the East Indies. NOTE: &hand; Th e upper tail coverts, which are long and capable of erection, are each marked with a black spot bordered by concentric bands of brilliant blue, green, and golden colors. The common domesticated species is Pavo cristatus. The Javan peacock (P. muticus) is more brilliantly colored than the common species. 2. In common usage, the species in general or collectively; a peafowl. Peacock butterfly (Zo\'94l.), a handsome European butterfly (Hamadryas Io) having ocelli like those of peacock. -- Peacock fish (Zo\'94l.), the European blue-striped wrasse (Labrus variegatus); -- so called on account of its brilliant colors. Called also cook wrasse and cook. -- Peacock pheasant (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of handsome Asiatic pheasants of the genus Polyplectron. They resemble the peacock in color. Peafowl Pea"fowl` (?), n. [See Peacock.] (Zo\'94l.) The peacock or peahen; any species of Pavo. Peage Pe"age (?), n. See Paage. Peagrit Pea"grit` (?), n. (Min.) A coarse pisolitic limestone. See Pisolite. Peahen Pea"hen` (?), n. [See Peacock.] (Zo\'94l.) The hen or female peafowl. Pea-jacket Pea"-jack`et (?), n. [Prob. fr. D. pij, pije, a coat of a coarse woolen stuff.] A thick loose woolen jacket, or coat, much worn by sailors in cold weather. Peak Peak (?), n. [OE. pek, AS. peac, perh of Celtic origin; cf. Ir. peac a sharp-pointed thing. Cf. Pike.] 1. A point; the sharp end or top of anything that terminates in a point; as, the peak, or front, of a cap. "Run your beard into a peak." Beau. & Fl. 2. The top, or one of the tops, of a hill, mountain, or range, ending in a point; often, the whole hill or mountain, esp. when isolated; as, the Peak of Teneriffe. Silent upon a peak in Darien. Keats. 3. (Naut.) (a) The upper aftermost corner of a fore-and-aft sail; -- used in many combinations; as, peak-halyards, peak-brails, etc. (b) The narrow part of a vessel's bow, or the hold within it. (c) The extremity of an anchor fluke; the bill. [In the last sense written also pea and pee.] Fore peak. (Naut.) See under Fore. Peak Peak, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Peaked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Peaking.] 1. To rise or extend into a peak or point; to form, or appear as, a peak. There peaketh up a mighty high mount. Holand. 2. To acquire sharpness of figure or features; hence, to look thin or sicky. "Dwindle, peak, and pine." Shak. 3. [Cf. Peek.] To pry; to peep slyly. Shak. Peak arch (Arch.), a pointed or Gothic arch. Peak Peak, v. t. (Naut.) To raise to a position perpendicular, or more nearly so; as, to peak oars, to hold them upright; to peak a gaff or yard, to set it nearer the perpendicular. Peaked Peaked (?), a. 1. Pointed; ending in a point; as, a peaked roof. 2. (Oftener Sickly; not robust. [Colloq.] _________________________________________________________________ Page 1055 Peaking Peak"ing (?), a. 1. Mean; sneaking. [Vulgar] 2. Pining; sickly; peakish. [Colloq.] Peakish Peak"ish, a. 1. Of or relating to a peak; or to peaks; belonging to a mountainous region. "Her peakish spring." Drayton. "His peakish dialect." Bp. Hall. 2. Having peaks; peaked. 3. Having features thin or sharp, as from sickness; hence, sickly. [Colloq.] Peaky Peak"y (?), a. 1. Having a peak or peaks. Tennyson. 2. Sickly; peaked. [Colloq.] Peal Peal (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zo\'94l.) A small salmon; a grilse; a sewin. [Prov. Eng.] Peal Peal, v. i. To appeal. [Obs.] Spencer. Peal Peal, n. [An abbrev. of F. appel a call, appeal, ruffle of a drum, fr. appeller to call, L. appellare. See Appeal.] 1. A loud sound, or a succession of loud sounds, as of bells, thunder, cannon, shouts, of a multitude, etc. "A fair peal of artillery." Hayward. Whether those peals of praise be his or no. Shak. And a deep thunder, peal on peal, afar. Byron. 2. A set of bells tuned to each other according to the diatonic scale; also, the changes rung on a set of bells. To ring a peal. See under Ring. Peal Peal, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pealed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pealing.] 1. To utter or give out loud sounds. There let the pealing organ blow. Milton. 2. To resound; to echo. And the whole air pealed With the cheers of our men. Longfellow. Peal Peal, v. t. 1. To utter or give forth loudly; to cause to give out loud sounds; to noise abroad. The warrior's name, Though pealed and chimed on all the tongues of fame. J. Barlow. 2. To assail with noise or loud sounds. Nor was his ear less pealed. Milton. 3. To pour out. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Pean Pean (?), n. [OF. pene, F. panne.] (Her.) One of the furs, the ground being sable, and the spots or tufts or. Pean Pe"an (?), n. A song of praise and triumph. See P\'91an. Peanism Pe"an*ism (?), n. [Gr. The song or shout of praise, of battle, or of triumph. [R.] Peanut Pea"nut (?), n. (Bot.) The fruit of a trailing leguminous plant (Arachis hypog\'91a); also, the plant itself, which is widely cultivated for its fruit. NOTE: &hand; Th e fr uit is a hard pod, usually containing two or three seeds, sometimes but one, which ripen beneath the soil. Called also earthnut, groundnut, and goober. Pear Pear (?), n. [OE. pere, AS. peru, L. pirum: cf. F. poire. Cf. Perry.] (Bot.) The fleshy pome, or fruit, of a rosaceous tree (Pyrus communis), cultivated in many varieties in temperate climates; also, the tree which bears this fruit. See Pear family, below. Pear blight. (a) (Bot.) A name of two distinct diseases of pear trees, both causing a destruction of the branches, viz., that caused by a minute insect (Xyleborus pyri), and that caused by the freezing of the sap in winter. A. J. Downing. (b) (Zo\'94l.) A very small beetle (Xyleborus pyri) whose larv\'91 bore in the twigs of pear trees and cause them to wither. -- Pear family (Bot.), a suborder of rosaceous plants (Pome\'91), characterized by the calyx tube becoming fleshy in fruit, and, combined with the ovaries, forming a pome. It includes the apple, pear, quince, service berry, and hewthorn. -- Pear gauge (Physics), a kind of gauge for measuring the exhaustion of an air-pump receiver; -- so called because consisting in part of a pear-shaped glass vessel. Pear shell (Zo\'94l.), any marine gastropod shell of the genus Pyrula, native of tropical seas; -- so called from the shape. -- Pear slug (Zo\'94l.), the larva of a sawfly which is very injurious to the foliage of the pear tree. <-- Illustr. of pear slug (Celandria cerasi) --> Pearch Pearch (?), n. [Obs.] See Perch. Pearl Pearl (?), n. A fringe or border. [Obs.] -- v. t. To fringe; to border. [Obs.] See Purl. Pearl stitch. See Purl stitch, under Purl. Pearl Pearl, n. [OE. perle, F. perle, LL. perla, perula, probably fr. (assumed) L. pirulo, dim. of L. pirum a pear. See Pear, and cf. Purl to mantle.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) A shelly concretion, usually rounded, and having a brilliant luster, with varying tints, found in the mantle, or between the mantle and shell, of certain bivalve mollusks, especially in the pearl oysters and river mussels, and sometimes in certain univalves. It is usually due to a secretion of shelly substance around some irritating foreign particle. Its substance is the same as nacre, or mother-of-pearl. Pearls which are round, or nearly round, and of fine luster, are highly esteemed as jewels, and compare in value with the precious stones. 2. Hence, figuratively, something resembling a pearl; something very precious. I see thee compassed with thy kingdom's pearl. Shak. And those pearls of dew she wears. Milton. 3. Nacre, or mother-of-pearl. 4. (Zo\'94l.) A fish allied to the turbot; the brill. 5. (Zo\'94l.) A light-colored tern. 6. (Zo\'94l.) One of the circle of tubercles which form the bur on a deer's antler. 7. A whitish speck or film on the eye. [Obs.] Milton. 8. A capsule of gelatin or similar substance containing some liquid for medicinal application, as ether. 9. (Print.) A size of type, between agate and diamond. \'b5 This line is printed in the type called pearl. Ground pearl. (Zo\'94l.) See under Ground. -- Pearl barley, kernels of barley, ground so as to form small, round grains. -- Pearl diver, one who dives for pearl oysters. -- Pearl edge, an edge of small loops on the side of some kinds of ribbon; also, a narrow kind of thread edging to be sewed on lace. -- Pearl eye, cataract. [R.] -- Pearl gray, a very pale and delicate blue-gray color. -- Pearl millet, Egyptian millet (Penicillaria spicata). -- Pearl moss. See Carrageen. -- Pearl moth (Zo\'94l.), any moth of the genus Margaritia; -- so called on account of its pearly color. -- Pearl oyster (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of large tropical marine bivalve mollusks of the genus Meleagrina, or Margaritifera, found in the East Indies (especially at Ceylon), in the Persian Gulf, on the coast of Australia, and on the Pacific coast of America. Called also pearl shell, and pearl mussel. -- Pearl powder. See Pearl white, below. -- Pearl sago, sago in the form of small pearly grains. -- Pearl sinter (Min.), fiorite. -- Pearl spar (Min.), a crystallized variety of dolomite, having a pearly luster. -- Pearl white. (a) Basic bismuth nitrate, or bismuth subchloride; -- used chiefly as a cosmetic. (b) A variety of white lead blued with indigo or Berlin blue.<-- cultured pearl, a pearl grown by a pearl oyster into which a round pellet has been placed, to serve as the seed for more predictable growth of the pearl. The pellet is usually made from mother-of-pearl, and additional layers of nacre are deposited onto the seed by the oyster. Such pearls, being more easily obtained than natural pearls, are less expensive. --> Pearl Pearl (?), a. Of or pertaining to pearl or pearls; made of pearls, or of mother-of-pearl. Pearl Pearl, v. t. 1. To set or adorn with pearls, or with mother-of-pearl. Used also figuratively. 2. To cause to resemble pearls; to make into small round grains; as, to pearl barley. Pearl Pearl, v. i. 1. To resemble pearl or pearls. 2. To give or hunt for pearls; as, to go pearling. Pearlaceous Pearl*a"ceous (?), a. Resembling pearl or mother-of-pearl; pearly in quality or appearance. Pearlash Pearl"ash` (?), n. (Chem.) A white amorphous or granular substance which consists principally of potassium carbonate, and has a strong alkaline reaction. It is obtained by lixiviating wood ashes, and evaporating the lye, and has been an important source of potassium compounds. It is used in making soap, glass, etc. Pearl-eyed Pearl"-eyed` (?), a. Having a pearly speck in the eye; afflicted with the cataract. Pearlfish Pearl"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any fish whose scales yield a pearl-like pigment used in manufacturing artificial pearls, as the bleak, and whitebait. Pearlins, Pearlings Pearl"ins (?), Pearl"ings (?), n. pl. [Prob. a corruption of purflings. See Purfle.] A kind of lace of silk or thread. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott. Pearlite, Pearlstone Pearl"ite (?), Pearl"stone` (?), n. (Min.) A glassy volcanic rock of a grayish color and pearly luster, often having a spherulitic concretionary structure due to the curved cracks produced by contraction in cooling. See Illust. under Perlitic. Pearlwort Pearl"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) A name given to several species of Sagina, low and inconspicuous herbs of the Chickweed family. Pearly Pearl"y (?), a. 1. Containing pearls; abounding with, or yielding, pearls; as, pearly shells. Milton. 2. Resembling pearl or pearls; clear; pure; transparent; iridescent; as, the pearly dew or flood. Pearmain Pear"main (?), n. (Bot.) The name of several kinds of apples; as, the blue pearmain, winter pearmain, and red pearmain. Pear-shaped Pear"-shaped` (?), a. Of the form of a pear. Peart Peart (?), a. [A variant of pert, a.] Active; lively; brisk; smart; -- often applied to convalescents; as, she is quite peart to-day. [O. Eng. & Colloq. U. S.] There was a tricksy girl, I wot, albeit clad in gray, As peart as bird, as straight as bolt, as fresh as flowers in May. Warner (1592). Peasant Peas"ant (?), n. [OF. pa\'8bsant (the i being perh. due to confusion with the p.pr. of verbs), pa\'8bsan, F. paysan, fr. OF. & F. pays country, fr. L. pagus the country. See Pagan.] A countryman; a rustic; especially, one of the lowest class of tillers of the soil in European countries. Syn. -- Countryman; rustic; swain; hind. Peasant Peas"ant, a. Rustic, rural. Spenser. Peasantlike Peas"ant*like` (?), a. Rude; clownish; illiterate. Peasantly Peas"ant*ly, a. Peasantlike. [Obs.] Milton. Peasantry Peas"ant*ry (?), n. 1. Peasants, collectively; the body of rustics. "A bold peasantry." Goldsmith. 2. Rusticity; coarseness. [Obs.] p. Butler. Peascod Peas"cod` (?), n. The legume or pericarp, or the pod, of the pea. Pease Pease (?), n.; obs.pl. Peases (#), Peasen (#). [See Pea.] 1. A pea. [Obs.] "A peose." "Bread . . . of beans and of peses." Piers Plowman. 2. A plural form of Pea. See the Note under Pea. Peastone Pea"stone` (?), n. (Min.) Pisolite. Peasweep Peas"weep` (?), n. [So called from its note.] [Prov. Eng.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) The pewit, or lapwing. (b) The greenfinch. Peat Peat (?), n. [Cf. Pet a fondling.] A small person; a pet; -- sometimes used contemptuously. [Obs.] Shak. Peat Peat, n. [Prob. for beat, prop., material used to make the fire burn better, fr. AS. b to better, mend (a fire), b advantage. See Better, Boot advantage.] A substance of vegetable origin, consisting of roots and fibers, moss, etc., in various stages of decomposition, and found, as a kind of turf or bog, usually in low situations, where it is always more or less saturated with water. It is often dried and used for fuel. Peat bog, a bog containing peat; also, peat as it occurs in such places; peat moss. -- Peat moss. (a) The plants which, when decomposed, become peat. (b) A fen producing peat. (c) (Bot.) Moss of the genus Sphagnum, which often grows abundantly in boggy or peaty places. -- Peat reek, the reek or smoke of peat; hence, also, the peculiar flavor given to whisky by being distilled with peat as fuel. [Scot.] Peaty Peat"y (?), a. Composed of peat; abounding in peat; resembling peat. Peba Pe"ba (?), n. [Cf. Pg. peba.] (Zo\'94l.) An armadillo (Tatusia novemcincta) which is found from Texas to Paraguay; -- called also tatouhou. Pebble Peb"ble (?), n. [AS. papolst\'ben; cf. L. papula pimple, mote. See Stone.] 1. A small roundish stone or bowlder; especially, a stone worn and rounded by the action of water; a pebblestone. "The pebbles on the hungry beach." Shak. As children gathering pebbles on the shore. Milton. 2. Transparent and colorless rock crystal; as, Brazilian pebble; -- so called by opticians. Pebble powder, slow-burning gunpowder, in large cubical grains. -- Scotch pebble, varieties of quartz, as agate, chalcedony, etc., obtained from cavities in amygdaloid. Pebble Peb"ble, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pebbled; p. pr. & vb. n. Pebbling.] To grain (leather) so as to produce a surface covered with small rounded prominences. Pebbled Peb"bled (?), a. Abounding in pebbles. Thomson. Pebblestone Peb"ble*stone` (?). A pebble; also, pebbles collectively. "Chains of pebblestone." Marlowe. Pebbly Peb"bly (?), a. Full of pebbles; pebbled. "A hard, pebbly bottom." Johnson. Pebrine Pe`brine" (?), n. [F.] An epidemic disease of the silkworm, characterized by the presence of minute vibratory corpuscles in the blood.