I I (?). 1. I, the ninth letter of the English alphabet, takes its form from the Ph\'d2nician, through the Latin and the Greek. The Ph\'d2nician letter was probably of Egyptian origin. Its original value was nearly the same as that of the Italian I, or long e as in mete. Etymologically I is most closely related to e, y, j, g; as in dint, dent, beverage, L. bibere; E. kin, AS. cynn; E. thin, AS. y nne; E. dominion, donjon, dungeon. In English I has two principal vowel sounds: the long sound, as in p\'c6ne, \'c6ce; and the short sound, as in p&icr;n. It has also three other sounds: (a) That of e in term, as in thirst. (b) That of e in mete (in words of foreign origin), as in machine, pique, regime. (c) That of consonant y (in many words in which it precedes another vowel), as in bunion, million, filial, Christian, etc. It enters into several digraphs, as in fail, field, seize, feign. friend; and with o often forms a proper diphtong, as in oil, join, coin. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 98-106. NOTE: The do t wh ich we place over the small or lower case i dates only from the 14th century. The sounds of I and J were originally represented by the same character, and even after the introduction of the form J into English dictionaries, words containing these letters were, till a comparatively recent time, classed together. 2. In our old authors, I was often used for ay (or aye), yes, which is pronounced nearly like it. 3. As a numeral, I stands for 1, II for 2, etc. I- I- (?), prefix. See Y-. I I (?), pron. [poss. My (?) or Mine (; object. Me (?). pl. nom. We (; poss. Our (?) or Ours (; object. Us (?).] [OE. i, ich, ic, AS. ic; akin to OS. & D. ik, OHG. ih, G. ich, Icel. ek, Dan. jeg, Sw. jag, Goth. ik, OSlav. az', Russ. ia, W. i, L. ego, Gr. aham. &root;179. Cf. Egoism.] The nominative case of the pronoun of the first person; the word with which a speaker or writer denotes himself. Iamatology I*am`a*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] (Med.) Materia Medica; that branch of therapeutics which treats of remedies. Iamb I"amb (?), n. [Cf. F. iambe. See Lambus.] An iambus or iambic. [R.] Iambic I*am"bic (?), a. [L. iambicus, Gr. iambique.] 1. (Pros.) Consisting of a short syllable followed by a long one, or of an unaccented syllable followed by an accented; as, an iambic foot. 2. Pertaining to, or composed of, iambics; as, an iambic verse; iambic meter. See Lambus. Iambic I*am"bic, n. 1. (Pros.) (a) An iambic foot; an iambus. (b) A verse composed of iambic feet. NOTE: &hand; The following couplet consists of iambic verses. Thy gen- | ius calls | thee not | to pur- | chase fame In keen | iam- | bics, but | mild an- | agram. Dryden. 2. A satirical poem (such poems having been anciently written in iambic verse); a satire; a lampoon. Iambical I*am"bic*al (?), a. Iambic. [Obs. or R.] Iambically I*am"bic*al*ly, adv. In a iambic manner; after the manner of iambics. Iambize I*am"bize (?), v. t. [Gr. To satirize in iambics; to lampoon. [R.] Iambus I*am"bus (?), n.; pl. L. Iambi (#), E. Iambuses (#). [L. iambus, Gr. jacere to throw. Cf. Jet a shooting forth.] (Pros.) A foot consisting of a short syllable followed by a long one, as in &acr;m\'bens, or of an unaccented syllable followed by an accented one, as invent; an iambic. See the Couplet under Iambic, n. Ianthina I*an"thi*na (?), n.; pl. L. Ianthin\'91 (#), E. Ianthinas (#). [NL., fr. L. ianthinus violet-blue, Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any gastropod of the genus Ianthina, of which various species are found living in mid ocean; -- called also purple shell, and violet snail. [Written also janthina.] NOTE: &hand; It floats at the surface by means of a raft, which it constructs by forming and uniting together air bubbles of hardened mucus. The Tyrian purple of the ancients was obtained in part from mollusks of this genus. Iatraliptic I*a`tra*lip"tic (?), a. [Gr. iatraliptique.] Treating diseases by anointing and friction; as, the iatraliptic method. [Written also iatroleptic.] Iatric, Iatrical I*at"ric (?), I*at"ric*al (?), a. [Gr. Of or pertaining to medicine, or to medical men. Iatrochemical I*a`tro*chem"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to iatrochemistry, or to the iatrochemists. Iatrochemist I*a`tro*chem"ist (?), n. [Gr. chemist.] A physician who explained or treated diseases upon chemical principles; one who practiced iatrochemistry. Iatrochemistry I*a`tro*chem"is*try (?), n. Chemistry applied to, or used in, medicine; -- used especially with reference to the doctrines in the school of physicians in Flanders, in the 17th century, who held that health depends upon the proper chemical relations of the fluids of the body, and who endeavored to explain the conditions of health or disease by chemical principles. Iatromathematical I*a`tro*math`e*mat"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to iatromathematicians or their doctrine. Iatromathematician I*a`tro*math`e*ma*ti"cian (?), n. [Gr. mathematician.] (Hist. Med.) One of a school of physicians in Italy, about the middle of the 17th century, who tried to apply the laws of mechanics and mathematics to the human body, and hence were eager student of anatomy; -- opposed to the iatrochemists. Iberian I*be"ri*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Iberia. Ibex I"bex (?), n.; pl. E. Ibexes (#), L. Ibices (#). [L., a kind of goat, the chamois.] (Zo\'94l.) One of several species of wild goats having very large, recurved horns, transversely ridged in front; -- called also steinbok. NOTE: &hand; Th e Al pine ib ex (Capra ibex) is the best known. The Spanish, or Pyrenean, ibex (C. Hispanica) has smoother and more spreading horns. Ibidem I*bi"dem (?), adv. [L.] In the same place; -- abbreviated ibid. or ib. Ibis I"bis (?), n. [L. ibis, Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any bird of the genus Ibis and several allied genera, of the family Ibid\'91, inhabiting both the Old World and the New. Numerous species are known. They are large, wading birds, having a long, curved beak, and feed largely on reptiles. NOTE: &hand; Th e sa cred ib is of th e an cient Eg yptians (I bis \'92thiopica) has the head and neck black, without feathers. The plumage of the body and wings is white, except the tertiaries, which are lengthened and form a dark purple plume. In ancient times this bird was extensively domesticated in Egypt, but it is now seldom seen so far north. The glossy ibis (Plegadis autumnalis), which is widely distributed both in the Old World and the New, has the head and neck feathered, except between the eyes and bill; the scarlet ibis (Guara rubra) and the white ibis (G. alba) inhabit the West Indies and South America, and are rarely found in the United States. The wood ibis (Tantalus loculator) of America belongs to the Stork family (Ciconid\'91). See Wood ibis. -ible -i*ble (?). See -able. -ic -ic (?). [L. -icus, Gr. ique.] 1. A suffix signifying, in general, relating to, or characteristic of; as, historic, hygienic, telegraphic, etc. 2. (Chem.) A suffix, denoting that the element indicated enters into certain compounds with its highest valence, or with a valence relatively higher than in compounds where the name of the element ends in -ous; as, ferric, sulphuric. It is also used in the general sense of pertaining to; as, hydric, sodic, calcic. Icarian I*ca"ri*an (?), a. [L. Icarius, Gr. Soaring too high for safety, like Icarus; adventurous in flight. Ice Ice (?), n. [OE. is, iis, AS. \'c6s; aksin to D. ijs, G. eis, OHG. \'c6s, Icel. \'c6ss, Sw. is, Dan. iis, and perh. to E. iron.] 1. Water or other fluid frozen or reduced to the solid state by cold; frozen water. It is a white or transparent colorless substance, crystalline, brittle, and viscoidal. Its specific gravity (0.92, that of water at 4\'f8 C. being 1.0) being less than that of water, ice floats. NOTE: &hand; Wa ter fr eezes at 32 \'f8 F. or 0\'f8 Cent., and ice melts at the same temperature. Ice owes its cooling properties to the large amount of heat required to melt it. 2. Concreted sugar. Johnson. 3. Water, cream, custard, etc., sweetened, flavored, and artificially frozen. 4. Any substance having the appearance of ice; as, camphor ice. Anchor ice, ice which sometimes forms about stones and other objects at the bottom of running or other water, and is thus attached or anchored to the ground. -- Bay ice, ice formed in bays, fiords, etc., often in extensive fields which drift out to sea. -- Ground ice, anchor ice. -- Ice age (Geol.), the glacial epoch or period. See under Glacial. -- Ice anchor (Naut.), a grapnel for mooring a vessel to a field of ice. Kane. -- Ice blink [Dan. iisblink], a streak of whiteness of the horizon, caused by the reflection of light from ice not yet in sight. -- Ice boat. (a) A boat fitted with skates or runners, and propelled on ice by sails; an ice yacht. (b) A strong steamboat for breaking a channel through ice. -- Ice box OR chest, a box for holding ice; a box in which things are kept cool by means of ice; a refrigerator. -- Ice brook, a brook or stream as cold as ice. [Poetic] Shak. -- Ice cream [for iced cream], cream, milk, or custard, sweetened, flavored, and frozen. -- Ice field, an extensive sheet of ice. -- Ice float, Ice floe, a sheet of floating ice similar to an ice field, but smaller. -- Ice foot, shore ice in Arctic regions; an ice belt. Kane. -- Ice house, a close-covered pit or building for storing ice. -- Ice machine (Physics), a machine for making ice artificially, as by the production of a low temperature through the sudden expansion of a gas or vapor, or the rapid evaporation of a volatile liquid. -- Ice master. See Ice pilot (below). -- Ice pack, an irregular mass of broken and drifting ice. -- Ice paper, a transparent film of gelatin for copying or reproducing; papier glac\'82. -- Ice petrel (Zo\'94l.), a shearwater (Puffinus gelidus) of the Antarctic seas, abundant among floating ice. -- Ice pick, a sharp instrument for breaking ice into small pieces. -- Ice pilot, a pilot who has charge of a vessel where the course is obstructed by ice, as in polar seas; -- called also ice master. -- Ice pitcher, a pitcher adapted for ice water. -- Ice plow, a large tool for grooving and cutting ice. <-- ice sculpture = a sculpture carved from a block of ice, often used for decorating restaurants. ice show an entertainment consisting of ice skaters performing figure-skating on a sheet of ice, usually in an arena, often accompanied by music. --> -- Ice sludge, bay ice broken small by the wind or waves; sludge. -- Ice spar (Min.), a variety of feldspar, the crystals of which are very clear like ice; rhyacolite. -- Ice tongs, large iron nippers for handling ice. -- Ice water. (a) Water cooled by ice. (b) Water formed by the melting of ice. -- Ice yacht. See Ice boat (above). -- To break the ice. See under Break. -- Water ice, a confection consisting of water sweetened, flavored, and frozen.<-- also called Italian ice --> Ice Ice (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Iced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Icing (?).] 1. To cover with ice; to convert into ice, or into something resembling ice. 2. To cover with icing, or frosting made of sugar and milk or white of egg; to frost, as cakes, tarts, etc. 3. To chill or cool, as with ice; to freeze. Iceberg Ice"berg` (?), n. [Prob. of Scand. origin; cf. Dan. iisbierg, Sw. isberg, properly, a mountain of ice. See Ice, and Berg.] A large mass of ice, generally floating in the ocean. NOTE: &hand; Ic ebergs ar e la rge de tached po rtions of glaciers, which in cold regions often project into the sea. Icebird Ice"bird` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) An Arctic sea bird, as the Arctic fulmar. Icebound Ice"bound` (?), a. Totally surrounded with ice, so as to be incapable of advancing; as, an icebound vessel; also, surrounded by or fringed with ice so as to hinder easy access; as, an icebound coast. Ice-built Ice"-built` (?), a. 1. Composed of ice. 2. Loaded with ice. "Ice-built mountains." Gray. Iced Iced (?), a. 1. Covered with ice; chilled with ice; as, iced water. 2. Covered with something resembling ice, as sugar icing; frosted; as, iced cake. Iced cream. Same as Ice cream, under Ice. Icefall Ice"fall` (?), n. A frozen waterfall, or mass of ice resembling a frozen waterfall. Coleridge. Icelander Ice"land*er (?), n. A native, or one of the Scandinavian people, of Iceland. Icelandic Ice*lan"dic (?), a. Of or pertaining to Iceland; relating to, or resembling, the Icelanders. Icelandic Ice*lan"dic (?), n. The language of the Icelanders. It is one of the Scandinavian group, and is more nearly allied to the Old Norse than any other language now spoken. Iceland moss Ice"land moss` (?). (Bot.) A kind of lichen (Cetraria Icelandica) found from the Arctic regions to the North Temperate zone. It furnishes a nutritious jelly and other forms of food, and is used in pulmonary complaints as a demulcent. Iceland spar Ice"land spar` (?). (Min.) A transparent variety of calcite, the best of which is obtained in Iceland. It is used for the prisms of the polariscope, because of its strong double refraction. Cf. Calcite. Iceman Ice"man (?), n.; pl. Icemen (. 1. A man who is skilled in traveling upon ice, as among glaciers. 2. One who deals in ice; one who retails or delivers ice. <-- The Iceman Cometh (Title of a book) --> Ice plant Ice" plant` (?). (Bot.) A plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum), sprinkled with pellucid, watery vesicles, which glisten like ice. It is native along the Mediterranean, in the Canaries, and in South Africa. Its juice is said to be demulcent and diuretic; its ashes are used in Spain in making glass. <-- Ice skate = a shoe with a metal runner (called a blade) attached to permit the wearer to glide on ice --> Ice-skater = one who skates on ice wearing an ice skate; esp. an athlete who performs athletic or artistic movements on a sheet of ice, wearing ice skates; including speed skater and figure skater --> _________________________________________________________________ Page 724 Icequake Ice"quake` (?), n. The crash or concussion attending the breaking up of masses of ice, -- often due to contraction from extreme cold. Ich Ich (?), pron. I. [Obs.] Chaucer. NOTE: &hand; In th e Southern dialect of Early English this is the regular form. Cf. Ik. Ichneumon Ich*neu"mon (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. 1. (Zo\'94l.) Any carnivorous mammal of the genus Herpestes, and family Viverrid\'91. Numerous species are found in Asia and Africa. The Egyptian species(H. ichneumon), which ranges to Spain and Palestine, is noted for destroying the eggs and young of the crocodile as well as various snakes and lizards, and hence was considered sacred by the ancient Egyptians. The common species of India (H. griseus), known as the mongoose, has similar habits and is often domesticated. It is noted for killing the cobra. 2. (Zo\'94l.) Any hymenopterous insect of the family Ichneumonid\'91, of which several thousand species are known, belonging to numerous genera. NOTE: &hand; Th e fe male deposits her eggs upon, or in, the bodies of other insects, such as caterpillars, plant lice, etc. The larva lives upon the internal tissues of the insect in which it is parasitic, and finally kills it. Hence, many of the species are beneficial to agriculture by destroying noxious insects. Ichneumon fly. See Ichneumon, 2. Ichneumonidan Ich`neu*mon"i*dan (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Ichneumonid\'91, or ichneumon flies. -- n. One of the Ichneumonid\'91. Ichneumonides Ich`neu*mon"i*des (?), n. pl. [NL. See Ichneumon.] (Zo\'94l.) The ichneumon flies. Ichnite Ich"nite (?), n. [Gr. A fossil footprint; as, the ichnites in the Triassic sandstone. Page. Ichnographic, Ichnographical Ich`no*graph"ic (?), Ich`no*graph"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. ichonographique.] Of or pertaining to ichonography; describing a ground plot. Ichnography Ich*nog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. ichonographie.] (Drawing) A horizontal section of a building or other object, showing its true dimensions according to a geometric scale; a ground plan; a map; also, the art of making such plans. Ichnolite Ich"no*lite (?), n. [Gr. -lite.] A fossil footprint; an ichnite. Ichnolithology Ich`no*li*thol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -lith + -logy.] Same as Ichnology. Hitchcock. Ichnological Ich`no*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to ichnology. Ichnology Ich*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] (Geol.) The branch of science which treats of fossil footprints. Ichnoscopy Ich*nos"co*py (?), n. [Gr. -scopy.] The search for the traces of anything. [R.] Ichor I"chor (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ichor.] 1. (Class. Myth.) An ethereal fluid that supplied the place of blood in the veins of the gods. 2. A thin, acrid, watery discharge from an ulcer, wound, etc. Ichorh\'91mia I`chor*h\'91"mi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) Infection of the blood with ichorous or putrid substances. Ichorous I"chor*ous (?), a. [Cf. F. ichoreux.] Of or like ichor; thin; watery; serous; sanious. Ichthidin Ich"thi*din (?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) A substance from the egg yolk of osseous fishes. Ichthin Ich"thin (?), n. [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.) A nitrogenous substance resembling vitellin, present in the egg yolk of cartilaginous fishes. Ichthulin Ich"thu*lin (?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) A substance from the yolk of salmon's egg. Ichthus Ich"thus (?), n. [Gr. In early Christian and eccesiastical art, an emblematic fish, or the Greek word for fish, which combined the initials of the Greek words Ichthyic Ich"thy*ic (?), a. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Like, or pertaining to, fishes. Ichthyocol, Ichthyocolla Ich"thy*o*col (?), Ich`thy*o*col"la (?), n. [L. ichthyocolla, Gr. ichthyocolle.] Fish glue; isinglass; a glue prepared from the sounds of certain fishes. Ichthyocoprolite Ich`thy*o*cop"ro*lite (?), n. [Gr. coprolite.] (Geol.) Fossil dung of fishes. Ichthyodorulite Ich`thy*o*dor"u*lite (?), n. [Gr. -lite.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the spiny plates foundon the back and tail of certain skates. Ichthyography Ich`thy*og"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. graphy: cf. F. ichthyographie.] A treatise on fishes. Ichthyoid, Ichthyoidal Ich"thy*oid (?), Ich`thy*oid"al (?), a. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Somewhat like a fish; having some of the characteristics of fishes; -- said of some amphibians. Ichthyolatry Ich`thy*ol"a*try (?), n. [Gr. Worship of fishes, or of fish-shaped idols. Layard. Ichthyolite Ich"thy*o*lite (?), n. [Gr. -lite.] (Paleon.) A fossil fish, or fragment of a fish. Ichthyologic, Ichthyological Ich`thy*o*log"ic (?), Ich`thy*o*log"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. ichthyologique.] Of or pertaining to ichthyology. Ichthyologist Ich`thy*ol"o*gist (?), n. [Cf. F. ichthyologiste.] One versed in, or who studies, ichthyology. Ichthyology Ich`thy*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy: cf. F. ichthyologie.] The natural history of fishes; that branch of zo\'94logy which relates to fishes, including their structure, classification, and habits. Ichthyomancy Ich"thy*o*man`cy (?), n. [Gr. -mancy: cf. F. ichthyomancie.] Divination by the heads or the entrails of fishes. Ichthyomorpha Ich`thy*o*mor"pha (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The Urodela. Ichthyomorphic, Ichthyomorphous Ich`thy*o*mor"phic (?), Ich`thy*o*mor"phous (?), a. [See Ichthyomorpha.] Fish-shaped; as, the ichthyomorphic idols of ancient Assyria. Ichthyophagist Ich`thy*oph"a*gist (?), n. [See Ichthyophagous.] One who eats, or subsists on, fish. Ichthyophagous Ich`thy*oph"a*gous (?), a. [L. ichthyophagus, Gr. Eating, or subsisting on, fish. Ichthyohagy Ich`thy*oh"a*gy (?), n. [Gr. ichthyophagie.] The practice of eating, or living upon, fish. Ichthyophthalmite Ich`thy*oph*thal"mite (?), n. [Gr. See Apophyllite. [R.] Ichthyophthira Ich`thy*oph*thi"ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of copepod crustaceans, including numerous species parasitic on fishes. Ichthyopsida Ich`thy*op"si*da (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A grand division of the Vertebrata, including the Amphibia and Fishes. Ichthyopterygia Ich`thy*op`te*ryg"i*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Ichthyopterygium.] (Paleon.) See Ichthyosauria. Ichthyopterygium Ich`thy*op`te*ryg"i*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) The typical limb, or lateral fin, of fishes. Ichthyornis Ich`thy*or"nis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.) An extinct genus of toothed birds found in the American Cretaceous formation. It is remarkable for having biconcave vertebr\'91, and sharp, conical teeth set in sockets. Its wings were well developed. It is the type of the order Odontotorm\'91. Ichthyosaur Ich"thy*o*saur (?), n. [Cf. F. ichthyosaure.] (Paleon.) One of the Ichthyosaura. Ichthyosauria Ich`thy*o*sau"ri*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Ichthyosaurus.] (Paleon.) An extinct order of marine reptiles, including Ichthyosaurus and allied forms; -- called also Ichthyopterygia. They have not been found later than the Cretaceous period. Ichthyosaurian Ich`thy*o*sau"ri*an (?), a. (Paleon.) Of or pertaining to the Ichthyosauria. -- n. One of the Ichthyosauria. Ichthyosaurus Ich`thy*o*sau"rus (?), n.; pl. Ichthyosauri (#). [NL., fr. Gr. 'ichqy`s, -y`os, a fish + say^ros a lizard.] (Paleon.) An extinct genus of marine reptiles; -- so named from their short, biconcave vertebr\'91, resembling those of fishes. Several species, varying in length from ten to thirty feet, are known from the Liassic, O\'94litic, and Cretaceous formations. Ichthyosis Ich`thy*o"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A disease in which the skin is thick, rough, and scaly; -- called also fishskin. -- Ich`thy*ot"ic (#), a. Ichthyotomist Ich`thy*ot"o*mist (?), n. One skilled in ichthyotomy. Ichthyoomy Ich`thy*o"o*my (?), n. [Gr. The anatomy or dissection of fishes. [R.] Ichthys Ich"thys (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Same as Ichthus. Icicle I"ci*cle (?), n. [OE. isikel, AS. \'c6sgicel; \'c6s ice + gicel icicle; akin to Icel. j\'94kull; cf. Gael. eigh ice, Ir. aigh.] A pendent, and usually conical, mass of ice, formed by freezing of dripping water; as, the icicles on the eaves of a house. Icicled I"ci*cled (?), a. Having icicles attached. Icily I"ci*ly (?), adv. In an icy manner; coldly. Faultily faultless, icily regular, splendidly null, Dead perfection, no more. Tennyson. Iciness I"ci*ness (?), n. The state or quality of being icy or very cold; frigidity. Icing I"cing (?), n. A coating or covering resembling ice, as of sugar and milk or white of egg; frosting. Ickle Ic"kle (?), n. [OE. ikil. See Icicle.] An icicle. [Prov. Eng.] Icon I"con (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. An image or representation; a portrait or pretended portrait. Netherlands whose names and icons are published. Hakewill. Iconical I*con"ic*al (?), a. Pertaining to, or consisting of, images, pictures, or representations of any kind. Iconism I"con*ism (?), n. [L. iconismus, Gr. iconisme.] The formation of a figure, representation, or semblance; a delineation or description. Some kind of apish imitations, counterfeit iconisms. Cudworth. Iconize I"con*ize (?), v. t. [Gr. To form an image or likeness of. [R.] Cudworth. Iconoclasm I*con"o*clasm (?), n. [Cf. F. iconoclasme. See Iconoclast.] The doctrine or practice of the iconoclasts; image breaking. Iconoclast I*con"o*clast (?), n. [Gr. iconoclaste.] 1. A breaker or destroyer of images or idols; a determined enemy of idol worship. 2. One who exposes or destroys impositions or shams; one who attacks cherished beliefs; a radical. Iconoclastic I*con`o*clas"tic (?), a. Of or pertaining to the iconoclasts, or to image breaking. Milman. Iconodule, Iconodulist I*con"o*dule (?), I*con"o*du`list (?), n. [Gr. (Eccl. Hist.) One who serves images; -- opposed to an iconoclast. Schaff-Herzog Encyc. Iconographer I`co*nog"ra*pher (?), n. A maker of images. Fairholt. Iconographic I*con`o*graph"ic (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to iconography. 2. Representing by means of pictures or diagrams; as, an icongraphic encyclop\'91dia. Iconography I`co*nog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. iconographie.] 1. The art or representation by pictures or images; the description or study of portraiture or representation, as of persons; as, the iconography of the ancients. 2. The study of representative art in general. Christian iconography, the study of the representations in art of the Deity, the persons of the Trinity, angels, saints, virtues, vices, etc. Iconolater I`co*nol"a*ter (?), n. [Gr. iconol\'83tre.] One who worships images. Iconolatry I`co*nol"a*try (?), n. [See Iconolater.] The worship of images as symbols; -- distinguished from idolatry, the worship of images themselves. Iconology I`co*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. iconologie.] The discussion or description of portraiture or of representative images. Cf. Iconography. Iconomachy I`co*nom"a*chy (?), n. [Gr. Hostility to images as objects of worship. [R.] Iconomical I`co*nom"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. Opposed to pictures or images as objects of worship. [R.] Sir T. Browne. Iconophilist I`co*noph"i*list (?), n. [Gr. A student, or lover of the study, of iconography. Icosahedral I`co*sa*he"dral (?), a. [See Icosahedron.] (Geom.) Having twenty equal sides or faces. Icosahedron I`co*sa*he"dron (?), n. [Gr. (Geom.) A solid bounded by twenty sides or faces. Regular icosahedron, one of the five regular polyhedrons, bounded by twenty equilateral triangules. Five triangules meet to form each solid angle of the polyhedron. Icosandria I`co*san"dri*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. icosandrie.] (Bot.) A Linn\'91an class of plants, having twenty or more stamens inserted in the calyx. Icosandrian, Icosandrous I`co*san"dri*an (?), I`co*san"drous (?), a. (Bot.) Pertaining to the class Icosandria; having twenty or more stamens inserted in the calyx. Icositetrahedron I`co*si*tet`ra*he"dron (?), n. [Gr. (Crystallog.) A twenty-four-sided solid; a tetragonal trisoctahedron or trapezohedron. -ics -ics (?). A suffix used in forming the names of certain sciences, systems, etc., as acoustics, mathematics, dynamics, statistics, politics, athletics. NOTE: &hand; Th e na mes sc iences en ding in ics, as mathematics, mechanics, metaphysics, optics, etc., are, with respect to their form, nouns in the plural number. The plural form was probably introduced to mark the complex nature of such sciences; and it may have been in imitation of the use of the Greek plurals ics were construed with a verb or a pronoun in the plural; but it is now generally considered preferable to treat them as singular. In Greman we have die Mathematik, die Mechanik, etc., and in French la metaphysique, la optique, etc., corresponding to our mathematics, mechanics, metaphysics, optics, etc. Mathematics have for their object the consideration of whatever is capable of being numbered or measured. John Davidson. The citations subjoined will serve as examples of the best present usage. Ethics is the sciences of the laws which govern our actions as moral agents. Sir W. Hamilton. All parts of knowledge have their origin in metaphysics, and finally, perhaps, revolve into it. De Quincey. Mechanics, like pure mathematics, may be geometrical, or may be analytical; that is, it may treat space either by a direct consideration of its properties, or by a symbolical representation. Whewell. _________________________________________________________________ Page 725 Icteric Ic*ter"ic (?), n. A remedy for the jaundice. Icteric, Icterical Ic*ter"ic (?), Ic*ter"ic*al (?), a. [L. ictericus, Gr. ict\'82rique.] 1. Pertaining to, or affected with, jaundice. 2. Good against the jaundice. Johnson. Icteritious, Icteritous Ic`ter*i"tious (?), Ic*ter"i*tous (?), a. Yellow; of the color of the skin when it is affected by the jaundice. Icteroid Ic"ter*oid (?), a. [Gr. -oid.] Of a tint resembling that produced by jaundice; yellow; as, an icteroid tint or complexion. Icterus Ic"te*rus (?), n. [NL. See Icteric, a.] (Med.) The jaundice. Ictic Ic"tic (?), a. [L. ictus blow.] Pertaining to, or caused by, a blow; sudden; abrupt. [R.] H. Bushnell. Ictus Ic"tus (?), n. [L., fr. icere, ictum, to strike.] 1. (Pros.) The stress of voice laid upon accented syllable of a word. Cf. Arsis. 2. (Med.) A stroke or blow, as in a sunstroke, the sting of an insect, pulsation of an artery, etc. Icy I"cy (?), a. [Compar. Icier (?); superl. Iciest.] [AS. \'c6sig. See Ice.] 1. Pertaining to, resembling, or abounding in, ice; cold; frosty. "Icy chains." Shak. "Icy region." Boyle. "Icy seas." Pope. 2. Characterized by coldness, as of manner, influence, etc.; chilling; frigid; cold. Icy was the deportment with which Philip received these demonstrations of affection. Motley. Icy-pearled I"cy-pearl`ed (?), a. Spangled with ice. Mounting up in icy-pearled car. Milton. I'd I'd (?). A contraction from I would or I had. Id Id (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small fresh-water cyprinoid fish (Leuciscus idus or Idus idus) of Europe. A domesticated variety, colored like the goldfish, is called orfe in Germany. Idalian I*da"li*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Idalium, a mountain city in Cyprus, or to Venus, to whom it was sacred. "Idalian Aphrodit\'82." Tennyson. Ide Ide (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Id. -ide -ide (?). (Chem.) A suffix used to denote: (a) The nonmetallic, or negative, element or radical in a binary compound; as, oxide, sulphide, chloride. (b) A compound which is an anhydride; as, glycolide, phthalide. (c) Any one of a series of derivatives; as, indogenide, glucoside, etc. Idea I*de"a (?), n.; pl. Ideas (#). [L. idea, Gr. wit: cf. F. id\'82e. See Wit.] 1. The transcript, image, or picture of a visible object, that is formed by the mind; also, a similar image of any object whatever, whether sensible or spiritual. Her sweet idea wandered through his thoughts. Fairfax. Being the right idea of your father Both in your form and nobleness of mind. Shak. This representation or likeness of the object being transmitted from thence [the senses] to the imagination, and lodged there for the view and observation of the pure intellect, is aptly and properly called its idea. P. Browne. 2. A general notion, or a conception formed by generalization. Alice had not the slightest idea what latitude was. L. Caroll. 3. Hence: Any object apprehended, conceived, or thought of, by the mind; a notion, conception, or thought; the real object that is conceived or thought of. Whatsoever the mind perceives in itself, or as the immediate object of perception, thought, or undersanding, that I call idea. Locke. 4. A belief, option, or doctrine; a characteristic or controlling principle; as, an essential idea; the idea of development. That fellow seems to me to possess but one idea, and that is a wrong one. Johnson. What is now "idea" for us? How infinite the fall of this word, since the time where Milton sang of the Creator contemplating his newly-created world, - "how it showed . . . Answering his great idea," - to its present use, when this person "has an idea that the train has started," and the other "had no idea that the dinner would be so bad!" Trench. 5. A plan or purpose of action; intention; design. I shortly afterwards set off for that capital, with an idea of undertaking while there the translation of the work. W. Irving. 6. A rational conception; the complete conception of an object when thought of in all its essential elements or constituents; the necessary metaphysical or constituent attributes and relations, when conceived in the abstract. 7. A fiction object or picture created by the imagination; the same when proposed as a pattern to be copied, or a standard to be reached; one of the archetypes or patterns of created things, conceived by the Platonists to have excited objectively from eternity in the mind of the Deity. Thence to behold this new-created world, The addition of his empire, how it showed In prospect from his throne, how good, how fair, Answering his great idea. Milton. NOTE: &hand; "I n England, Locke may be said to have been the first who naturalized the term in its Cartesian universality. When, in common language, employed by Milton and Dryden, after Descartes, as before him by Sidney, Spenser, Shakespeare, Hooker, etc., the meaning is Platonic." Sir W. Hamilton. Abstract idea, Association of ideas, etc. See under Abstract, Association, etc. Syn. -- Notion; conception; thought; sentiment; fancy; image; perception; impression; opinion; belief; observation; judgment; consideration; view; design; intention; purpose; plan; model; pattern. There is scarcely any other word which is subjected to such abusive treatment as is the word idea, in the very general and indiscriminative way in which it is employed, as it is used variously to signify almost any act, state, or content of thought. Ideal I*de"al (?), a. [L. idealis: cf. F. id\'82al.] 1. Existing in idea or thought; conceptional; intellectual; mental; as, ideal knowledge. 2. Reaching an imaginary standard of excellence; fit for a model; faultless; as, ideal beauty. Byron. There will always be a wide interval between practical and ideal excellence. Rambler. 3. Existing in fancy or imagination only; visionary; unreal. "Planning ideal common wealth." Southey. 4. Teaching the doctrine of idealism; as, the ideal theory or philosophy. 5. (Math.) Imaginary. Syn. -- Intellectual; mental; visionary; fanciful; imaginary; unreal; impracticable; utopian. Ideal I*de"al (?), n. A mental conception regarded as a standard of perfection; a model of excellence, beauty, etc. The ideal is to be attained by selecting and assembling in one whole the beauties and perfections which are usually seen in different individuals, excluding everything defective or unseemly, so as to form a type or model of the species. Thus, the Apollo Belvedere is the ideal of the beauty and proportion of the human frame. Fleming. Beau ideal. See Beau ideal. Idealess I*de"a*less (?), a. Destitute of an idea. Idealism I*de"al*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. id\'82alisme.] 1. The quality or state of being ideal. 2. Conception of the ideal; imagery. 3. (Philos.) The system or theory that denies the existence of material bodies, and teaches that we have no rational grounds to believe in the reality of anything but ideas and their relations. Idealist I*de"al*ist, n. [Cf. F. id\'82aliste.] 1. One who idealizes; one who forms picturesque fancies; one given to romantic expectations. 2. One who holds the doctrine of idealism. Idealistic I*de`al*is"tic (?), a. Of or pertaining to idealists or their theories. Ideality I`de*al"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Idealities (. 1. The quality or state of being ideal. 2. The capacity to form ideals of beauty or perfection. 3. (Phren.) The conceptive faculty. Idealization I*de`al*i*za"tion (?), n. 1. The act or process of idealizing. 2. (Fine Arts) The representation of natural objects, scenes, etc., in such a way as to show their most important characteristics; the study of the ideal. Idealize I*de"al*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Idealized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Idealizing (?).] 1. To make ideal; to give an ideal form or value to; to attribute ideal characteristics and excellences to; as, to idealize real life. 2. (Fine Arts) To treat in an ideal manner. See Idealization, 2. Idealize I*de"al*ize, v. i. [Cf. F. id\'82aliser.] To form ideals. Idealizer I*de"al*i`zer (?), n. An idealist. Ideally I*de"al*ly, adv. In an ideal manner; by means of ideals; mentally. Idealogic I*de`a*log"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to an idealogue, or to idealization. Idealogue I*de"a*logue (?), n. [Idea + -logue, as in theologue: cf. F. id\'82ologue.] One given to fanciful ideas or theories; a theorist; a spectator. [R.] Mrs. Browning. Ideat, Ideate I*de"at (?), I*de"ate (?), n. [LL. ideatum. See Idea.] (Metaph.) The actual existence supposed to correspond with an idea; the correlate in real existence to the idea as a thought or existence. Ideate I*de"ate (?), v. t. 1. To form in idea; to fancy. [R.] The ideated man . . . as he stood in the intellect of God. Sir T. Browne. 2. To apprehend in thought so as to fix and hold in the mind; to memorize. [R.] Ideation I`de*a"tion (?), n. The faculty or capacity of the mind for forming ideas; the exercise of this capacity; the act of the mind by which objects of sense are apprehended and retained as objects of thought. The whole mass of residua which have been accumulated . . . all enter now into the process of ideation. J. D. Morell. Ideational I`de*a"tion*al (?), a. Pertaining to, or characterized by, ideation. Certain sensational or ideational stimuli. Blackw. Mag. Idem I"dem (?), pron. OR adj. [L.] The same; the same as above; -- often abbreviated id. Identic I*den"tic (?), a. Identical. [Obs.] Hudibras. Identical I*den"tic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. identique. See Identity.] 1. The same; the selfsame; the very same; not different; as, the identical person or thing. I can not remember a thing that happened a year ago, without a conviction . . . that I, the same identical person who now remember that event, did then exist. Reid. 2. Uttering sameness or the same truth; expressing in the predicate what is given, or obviously implied, in the subject; tautological. When you say body is solid, I say that you make an identical proposition, because it is impossible to have the idea of body without that of solidity. Fleming. Identical equation (Alg.), an equation which is true for all values of the algebraic symbols which enter into it. Identically I*den"tic*al*ly, adv. In an identical manner; with respect to identity. "Identically the same." Bp. Warburton. "Identically different." Ross. Identicalness I*den"tic*al*ness, n. The quality or state of being identical; sameness. Identifiable I*den"ti*fi`a*ble (?), a. Capable of being identified. Identification I*den`ti*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. identification.] The act of identifying, or proving to be the same; also, the state of being identified. Identify I*den"ti*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Identified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Identifying (?).] [Cf. F. identifier. See Identity, and -fy.] 1. To make to be the same; to unite or combine in such a manner as to make one; to treat as being one or having the same purpose or effect; to consider as the same in any relation. Every precaution is taken to identify the interests of the people and of the rulers. D. Ramsay. Let us identify, let us incorporate ourselves with the people. Burke. 2. To establish the identity of; to prove to be the same with something described, claimed, or asserted; as, to identify stolen property. Identify I*den"ti*fy (?), v. i. To become the same; to coalesce in interest, purpose, use, effect, etc. [Obs. or R.] An enlightened self-interest, which, when well understood, they tell us will identify with an interest more enlarged and public. Burke. Identism I*den"tism (?), n. [See Identity.] (Metaph.) The doctrine taught by Schelling, that matter and mind, and subject and object, are identical in the Absolute; -- called also the system OR doctrine of identity. Identity I*den"ti*ty (?), n.; pl. Identities (#). [F. identit\'82, LL. identitas, fr. L. idem the same, from the root of is he, that; cf. Skr. idam this. Cf. Item.] 1. The state or quality of being identical, or the same; sameness. Identity is a relation between our cognitions of a thing, not between things themselves. Sir W. Hamilton. 2. The condition of being the same with something described or asserted, or of possessing a character claimed; as, to establish the identity of stolen goods. 3. (Math.) An identical equation. Ideo- I"de*o- (?). A combining form from the Gr. idea. Ideogenical I`de*o*gen"ic*al (?), a. Of or relating to ideology. Ideogeny I`de*og"e*ny (?), n. [Ideo- + -geny, from the same root as Gr. id\'82og\'82nie.] The science which treats of the origin of ideas. Ideogram I*de"o*gram (?), n. [Ideo- + -gram; cf. F. id\'82ograme.] 1. An original, pictorial element of writing; a kind of hieroglyph expressing no sound, but only an idea. Ideograms may be defined to be pictures intended to represent either things or thoughts. I. Taylor (The Alphabet). You might even have a history without language written or spoken, by means of ideograms and gesture. J. Peile. 2. A symbol used for convenience, or for abbreviation; as, 1, 2, 3, +, -, 3. A phonetic symbol; a letter. Ideograph I*de"o*graph (?), n. Same as Ideogram. Ideographic, Ideographical I`de*o*graph"ic (?), I`de*o*graph"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. id\'82ographique.] Of or pertaining to an ideogram; representing ideas by symbols, independently of sounds; as, 9 represents not the word "nine," but the idea of the number itself. -- I`de*o*graph"ic*al*ly, adv. Ideographics I`de*o*graph"ics (?), n. The system of writing in ideographic characters; also, anything so written. Ideography I`de*og"ra*phy (?), n. The representation of ideas independently of sounds, or in an ideographic manner, as sometimes is done in shorthand writing, etc. Ideological I`de*o*log"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. id\'82ologique.] Of or pertaining to ideology. Ideologist I`de*ol"o*gist (?), n. One who treats of ideas; one who theorizes or idealizes; one versed in the science of ideas, or who advocates the doctrines of ideology. <-- idealogue n. one who adheres to an ideology --> Ideology I`de*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Ideo- + -logy: cf. F. id\'82ologie.] 1. The science of ideas. Stewart. 2. (Metaph.) A theory of the origin of ideas which derives them exclusively from sensation. NOTE: &hand; By a do uble bl under in ph ilosophy an d Gr eek, id\'82ologie . . . has in France become the name peculiarly distinctive of that philosophy of mind which exclusively derives our knowledge from sensation. Sir W. Hamilton. <-- a set of theories and beliefs about sociopolitical goals and methods to attain them; in common usage, such a set of beliefs so strongly held by their adherents as to cause them to ignore evidence against such beliefs, and thus fall into error -- hence a negative trait; contrasted to pragmatism, and distinct from idealism --> Ideo-motion I`de*o-mo"tion (?), n. (Physiol.) An ideo-motor movement. Ideo-motor I`de*o-mo"tor (?), a. [Ideo- + motor.] (Physiol.) Applied to those actions, or muscular movements, which are automatic expressions of dominant ideas, rather than the result of distinct volitional efforts, as the act of expressing the thoughts in speech, or in writing, while the mind is occupied in the composition of the sentence. Carpenter. Ides Ides (?), n. pl. [L. idus: cf. F. ides.] (Anc. Rom. Calendar) The fifteenth day of March, May, July, and October, and the thirteenth day of the other months. The ides of March remember. Shak. NOTE: &hand; Ei ght days in each month often pass by this name, but only one strictly receives it, the others being called respectively the day before the ides, and so on, backward, to the eightth from the ides. Idio- Id"i*o- (?). A combining form from the Greek private, personal, peculiar, distinct. Idioblast Id"i*o*blast (?), n. [Ideo- + -blast.] (Bot.) An individual cell, differing greatly from its neighbours in regard to size, structure, or contents. Idiocrasis Id`i*o*cra"sis (?), n. [NL.] Idiocracy. Idiocracy Id`i*oc"ra*cy (?), n.; pl. Idiocrasies (#). [Idio- + Gr. idiocrasie.] Peculiarity of constitution; that temperament, or state of constitution, which is peculiar to a person; idiosyncrasy. Idiocratic, Idiocratical Id`i*o*crat"ic (?), Id`i*o*crat"ic*al (?), a. Peculiar in constitution or temperament; idiosyncratic. Idiocy Id"i*o*cy (?), n. [From idiot; cf. Gr. Idiot, and cf. Idiotcy.] The condition or quality of being an idiot; absence, or marked deficiency, of sense and intelligence. I will undertake to convict a man of idiocy, if he can not see the proof that three angles of a triangle are equal to two right angles. F. W. Robertson. Idiocyclophanous Id`i*o*cy*cloph"a*nous (?), a. [Idio- + Gr. (Crystallog.) Same as Idiophanous. Idioelectric Id`i*o*e*lec"tric (?), a. [Idio- + electric: cf. F. idio\'82lectrique.] (Physics) Electric by virtue of its own peculiar properties; capable of becoming electrified by friction; -- opposed to anelectric. -- n. An idioelectric substance. Idiograph Id"i*o*graph (?), n. [Gr. A mark or signature peculiar to an individual; a trade-mark. _________________________________________________________________ Page 726 Idiographic, Idiographical Id`i*o*graph"ic (?), Id`i*o*graph"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to an idiograph. Idiolatry Id`i*ol"a*try (?), n. [Idio- + Gr. Self-worship; excessive self-esteem. Idiom Id"i*om (?), n. [F. idiome, L. idioma, fr. Gr. suus, and to E. so.] 1. The syntactical or structural form peculiar to any language; the genius or cast of a language. Idiom may be employed loosely and figuratively as a synonym of language or dialect, but in its proper sense it signifies the totality of the general rules of construction which characterize the syntax of a particular language and distinguish it from other tongues. G. P. Marsh. By idiom is meant the use of words which is peculiar to a particular language. J. H. Newman. He followed their language [the Latin], but did not comply with the idiom of ours. Dryden. 2. An expression conforming or appropriate to the peculiar structural form of a language; in extend use, an expression sanctioned by usage, having a sense peculiar to itself and not agreeing with the logical sense of its structural form; also, the phrase forms peculiar to a particular author. Some that with care true eloquence shall teach, And to just idioms fix our doubtful speech. Prior. Sometimes we identify the words with the object -- though be courtesy of idiom rather than in strict propriety of language. Coleridge. Every good writer has much idiom. Landor. It is not by means of rules that such idioms as the following are made current: "I can make nothing of it." "He treats his subject home." Dryden. "It is that within us that makes for righteousness." M.Arnold. Gostwick (Eng. Gram. ) 3. Dialect; a variant form of a language. Syn. -- Dialect. -- Idiom, Dialect. The idioms of a language belong to its very structure; its dialects are varieties of expression ingrafted upon it in different localities or by different professions. Each county of England has some peculiarities of dialect, and so have most of the professions, while the great idioms of the language are everywhere the same. See Language. Idiomatic, Idiomatical Id`i*o*mat"ic (?), Id`i*o*mat"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. Of or pertaining to, or conforming to, the mode of expression peculiar to a language; as, an idiomatic meaning; an idiomatic phrase. -- Id`i*o*mat"ic*al*ly, adv. Idiomorphic Id`i*o*morph"ic (?), a. Idiomorphous. Idiomorphous Id`i*o*morph"ous (?), a. [Gr. 1. Having a form of its own. 2. (Crystallog.) Apperaing in distinct crystals; -- said of the mineral constituents of a rock. Idiomuscular Id`i*o*mus"cu*lar (?), a. [Idio- + muscular.] (Physiol.) Applied to a semipermanent contraction of a muscle, produced by a mechanical irritant. Idiopathetic Id`i*o*pa*thet"ic (?), a. Idiopathic. [R.] Idiopathic, Idiopathical Id`i*o*path"ic (?), Id`i*o*path"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. idiopathique.] (Med.) Pertaining to idiopathy; characterizing a disease arising primarily, and not in consequence of some other disease or injury; -- opposed to symptomatic, sympathetic, and traumatic. -- Id`i*o*path"ic*al*ly, adv. Idiopathy Id`i*op"a*thy (?), n.; pl. Idiopathies (#). [Gr. idiopathie.] 1. A peculiar, or individual, characteristic or affection. All men are so full of their own fancies and idiopathies, that they scarce have the civility to interchange any words with a stranger. Dr. H. More. 2. (Med.) A morbid state or condition not preceded or occasioned by any other disease; a primary disease. Idiophanous Id`i*oph"a*nous (?), a. [Idio- + (Crystallog.) Exhibiting interference figures without the aid of a polariscope, as certain crystals. Idioplasm Id"i*o*plasm (?), n. (Biol.) Same as Idioplasma. Idioplasma Id`i*o*plas"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.) That portion of the cell protoplasm which is the seat of all active changes, and which carries on the function of hereditary transmission; -- distinguished from the other portion, which is termed nutritive plasma. See Hygroplasm. <-- any modern equivalent? The chromosome/ Genome? --> Idiorepulsive Id`i*o*re*pul"sive (?), a. [Idio- + repulsive.] Repulsive by itself; as, the idiorepulsive power of heat. Idiosyncrasy Id`i*o*syn"cra*sy (?), n.; pl. Idiosyncrasies (#). [Gr. idiosyncrasie. See Idiom, and Crasis.] A peculiarity of physical or mental constitution or temperament; a characteristic belonging to, and distinguishing, an individual; characteristic susceptibility; idiocrasy; eccentricity. The individual mind . . . takes its tone from the idiosyncrasies of the body. I. Taylor. Idiosyncratic, Idiosyncratical Id`i*o*syn*crat"ic (?), Id`i*o*syn*crat"ic*al (?), a. Of peculiar temper or disposition; belonging to one's peculiar and individual character. Idiot Id"i*ot (?), n. [F. idiot, L. idiota an uneducated, ignorant, ill-informed person, Gr. Idiom.] 1. A man in private station, as distinguished from one holding a public office. [Obs.] St. Austin affirmed that the plain places of Scripture are sufficient to all laics, and all idiots or private persons. Jer. Taylor. 2. An unlearned, ignorant, or simple person, as distinguished from the educated; an ignoramus. [Obs.] Christ was received of idiots, of the vulgar people, and of the simpler sort, while he was rejected, despised, and persecuted even to death by the high priests, lawyers, scribes, doctors, and rabbis. C. Blount. 3. A human being destitute of the ordinary intellectual powers, whether congenital, developmental, or accidental; commonly, a person without understanding from birth; a natural fool; a natural; an innocent. Life . . . is a tale Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, Signifying nothing. Shak. 4. A fool; a simpleton; -- a term of reproach. Weenest thou make an idiot of our dame? Chaucer. Idiotcy Id"i*ot*cy (?), n. [Cf. Idiocy.] Idiocy. [R.] Idioted Id"i*ot*ed (?), a. Rendered idiotic; befooled. [R.] Tennyson. Idiothermic Id`i*o*ther"mic (?), a. [Idio- + thermic.] Self-heating; warmed, as the body of animal, by process going on within itself. Idiotic, Idiotical Id`i*ot"ic (?), Id`i*ot"ic*al (?), a. [L. idioticus ignorant, Gr. idiotique. See Idiot.] 1. Common; simple. [Obs.] Blackwall. 2. Pertaining to, or like, an idiot; characterized by idiocy; foolish; fatuous; as, an idiotic person, speech, laugh, or action. Idiotically Id`i*ot"ic*al*ly, adv. In a idiotic manner. Idioticon Id`i*ot"i*con (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Idiot.] A dictionary of a peculiar dialect, or of the words and phrases peculiar to one part of a country; a glossary. Idiotish Id"i*ot*ish (?), a. Like an idiot; foolish. Idiotism Id"i*ot*ism (?), n. [F. idiotisme, L. idiotismus the way of fashion of a private person, the common or vulgar manner of speaking, Gr. Idiot.] 1. An idiom; a form, mode of expression, or signification, peculiar to a language. Scholars sometimes give terminations and idiotisms, suitable to their native language, unto words newly invented. M. Hale. 2. Lack of knowledge or mental capacity; idiocy; foolishness. Worse than mere ignorance or idiotism. Shaftesbury. The running that adventure is the greatist idiotism. Hammond. Idiotize Id"i*ot*ize (?), v. i. To become stupid. [R.] Idiotry Id"i*ot*ry (?), n. Idiocy. [R.] Bp. Warburton. Idle I"dle (?), a. [Compar. Idler (?); superl. Idlest.] [OE. idel, AS. \'c6del vain, empty, useless; akin to OS. \'c6dal, D. ijdel, OHG. \'c6tal vain, empty, mere, G. eitel, Dan. & Sw. idel mere, pure, and prob. to Gr. Ether.] 1. Of no account; useless; vain; trifling; unprofitable; thoughtless; silly; barren. "Deserts idle." Shak. Every idle word that men shall speak, they shall give account thereof in the day of judgment. Matt. xii. 36. Down their idle weapons dropped. Milton. This idle story became important. Macaulay. 2. Not called into active service; not turned to appropriate use; unemployed; as, idle hours. The idle spear and shield were high uphing. Milton. 3. Not employed; unoccupied with business; inactive; doing nothing; as, idle workmen. Why stand ye here all the day idle? Matt. xx. 6. 4. Given rest and ease; averse to labor or employment; lazy; slothful; as, an idle fellow. 5. Light-headed; foolish. [Obs.] Ford. Idle pulley (Mach.), a pulley that rests upon a belt to tighten it; a pulley that only guides a belt and is not used to transmit power. -- Idle wheel (Mach.), a gear wheel placed between two others, to transfer motion from one to the other without changing the direction of revolution. -- In idle, in vain. [Obs.] "God saith, thou shalt not take the name of thy Lord God in idle." Chaucer. Syn. -- Unoccupied; unemployed; vacant; inactive; indolent; sluggish; slothful; useless; ineffectual; futile; frivolous; vain; trifling; unprofitable; unimportant. -- Idle, Indolent, Lazy. A propensity to inaction is expressed by each of these words; they differ in the cause and degree of this characteristic. Indolent denotes an habitual love to ease, a settled dislike of movement or effort; idle is opposed to busy, and denotes a dislike of continuous exertion. Lazy is a stronger and more contemptuous term than indolent. Idle I"dle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Idled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Idling (?).] To lose or spend time in inaction, or without being employed in business. Shak. Idle I"dle, v. t. To spend in idleness; to waste; to consume; -- often followed by away; as, to idle away an hour a day. Idle-headed I"dle-head`ed (?), a. 1. Foolish; stupid. [Obs.] "The superstitious idle-headed eld." Shak. 2. Delirious; infatuated. [Obs.] L'Estrange. Idleness I"dle*ness, n. [AS. \'c6delnes.] The condition or quality of being idle (in the various senses of that word); uselessness; fruitlessness; triviality; inactivity; laziness. Syn. -- Inaction; indolence; sluggishness; sloth. Idle-pated I"dle-pat`ed (?), a. Idle-headed; stupid. [Obs.] Idler I"dler (?), n. 1. One who idles; one who spends his time in inaction; a lazy person; a sluggard. 2. (Naut.) One who has constant day duties on board ship, and keeps no regular watch. Totten. 3. (Mach.) An idle wheel or pulley. See under Idle. Idless, Idlesse I"dless, I"dlesse (?), n. Idleness. [Archaic] "In ydlesse." Spenser. And an idlesse all the day Beside a wandering stream. Mrs. Browning. Idly I"dly (?), adv. In a idle manner; ineffectually; vainly; lazily; carelessly; (Obs.) foolishly. Idocrase Id"o*crase (?), n. [Gr. idocrase.] (Min.) Same as Vesuvianite. Idol I"dol (?), n. [OE. idole, F. idole, L. idolum, fr. Gr. Wit, and cf. Eidolon.] 1. An image or representation of anything. [Obs.] Do her adore with sacred reverence, As th' idol of her maker's great magnificence. Spenser. 2. An image of a divinity; a representation or symbol of a deity or any other being or thing, made or used as an object of worship; a similitude of a false god. That they should not worship devils, and idols of gold. Rev. ix. 20. 3. That on which the affections are strongly (often excessively) set; an object of passionate devotion; a person or thing greatly loved or adored. The soldier's god and people's idol. Denham. 4. A false notion or conception; a fallacy. Bacon. The idols of preconceived opinion. Coleridge. Idolastre I`do*las"tre (?), n. [OE., for idolatre.] An idolater. [Obs.] Chaucer. Idolater I*dol"a*ter (?), n. [F. idol\'83tre: cf. L. idololatres, Gr. Idolatry.] 1. A worshiper of idols; one who pays divine honors to images, statues, or representations of anything made by hands; one who worships as a deity that which is not God; a pagan. 2. An adorer; a great admirer. Jonson was an idolater of the ancients. Bp. Hurd. Idolatress I*dol"a*tress (?), n. A female worshiper of idols. Idolatrical I`do*lat"ric*al (?), a. [Cf. F. idol\'83trique.] Idolatrous. [Obs.] Idolatrize I*dol"a*trize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Idolatrized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Idolatrizing (?).] To worship idols; to pay idolatrous worship. Idolatrize I*dol"a*trize, v. t. To make in idol of; to idolize. Idolatrous I*dol"a*trous (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to idolatry; partaking of the nature of idolatry; given to idolatry or the worship of false gods; as, idolatrous sacrifices. [Josiah] put down the idolatrous priests. 2 Kings xxiii. 5. 2. Consisting in, or partaking of, an excessive attachment or reverence; as, an idolatrous veneration for antiquity. Idolatrously I*dol"a*trous*ly, adv. In a idolatrous manner. Idolatry I*dol"a*try (?), n.; pl. Idolatries (#). [F. idol\'83trie, LL. idolatria, L. idololatria, Fr. Gr. 1. The worship of idols, images, or anything which is not God; the worship of false gods. His eye surveyed the dark idolatries Of alienated Judah. Milton. 2. Excessive attachment or veneration for anything; respect or love which borders on adoration. Shak. Idolish I"dol*ish (?), a. Idolatrous. [Obs.] Milton. Idolism I"dol*ism (?), n. The worship of idols. [Obs.] Idolist I"dol*ist, n. A worshiper of idols. [Obs.] Milton. Idolize I"dol*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Idolized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Idolizing (?).] 1. To make an idol of; to pay idolatrous worship to; as, to idolize the sacred bull in Egypt. 2. To love to excess; to love or reverence to adoration; as, to idolize gold, children, a hero. Idolize I"dol*ize, v. i. To practice idolatry. [R.] To idolize after the manner of Egypt. Fairbairn. Idolizer I"dol*i`zer (?), n. One who idolizes or loves to the point of reverence; an idolater. Idoloclast I*dol"o*clast (?), n. [Gr. A breaker of idols; an iconoclast. Idolographical I*dol`o*graph"ic*al (?), a. [Idol + -graph.] Descriptive of idols. [R.] Southey. Idolous I"dol*ous (?), a. Idolatrous. [Obs.] Bale. Idoneous I*do"ne*ous (?), a. [L. idoneus.] Appropriate; suitable; proper; fit; adequate. [R.] An ecclesiastical benefice . . . ought to be conferred on an idoneous person. Ayliffe. Idorgan Id*or"gan (?), n. [Gr. organ.] (Biol.) A morphological unit, consisting of two or more plastids, which does not possess the positive character of the person or stock, in distinction from the physiological organ or biorgan. See Morphon. Idrialine, Idrialite Id"ri*a*line (?), Id"ri*a*lite (?), n. [Cf. F. idrialine.] (Min.) A bituminous substance obtained from the mercury mines of Idria, where it occurs mixed with cinnabar. Idumean Id`u*me"an (?), a. Of or pertaining to ancient Idumea, or Edom, in Western Asia. -- n. An inhabitant of Idumea, an Edomite. Idyl I"dyl (?), n. [L. idyllium, Gr. idylle. See Idol.] A short poem; properly, a short pastoral poem; as, the idyls of Theocritus; also, any poem, especially a narrative or descriptive poem, written in an eleveted and highly finished style; also, by extension, any artless and easily flowing description, either in poetry or prose, of simple, rustic life, of pastoral scenes, and the like. [Written also idyll.] Wordsworth's solemn-thoughted idyl. Mrs. Browning. His [Goldsmith's] lovely idyl of the Vicar's home. F. Harrison. Idyllic I*dyl"lic (?), a. Of or belonging to idyls. I. e. I. e. Abbreviation of Latin id est, that is. If If (?), conj. [OE. if, gif, AS. gif; akin to OFries. ief, gef, ef, OS. ef, of, D. of, or, whether, if, G. ob whether, if, OHG. oba, ibu, Icel. ef, Goth. iba, ibai, an interrogative particle; properly a case form of a noun meaning, doubt (cf. OHG. iba doubt, condition, Icel. if, ef, ifi, efi), and therefore orig. meaning, on condition that.] 1. In case that; granting, allowing, or supposing that; -- introducing a condition or supposition. Tisiphone, that oft hast heard my prayer, Assist, if \'d1dipus deserve thy care. Pope. If thou be the Son of God, command that these stones be made bread. Matt. iv. 3. 2. Whether; -- in dependent questions. Uncertain if by augury or chance. Dryden. She doubts if two and two make four. Prior. As if, But if. See under As, But. I' faith I' faith" (?). In faith; indeed; truly. Shak. _________________________________________________________________ Page 727 Ifere I*fere" (?), a. [Corrupted fr. in fere.] Together. [Obs.] Chaucer. Igasuric Ig`a*su"ric (?), a. [See Igasurine.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or obtained from, nux vomica or St. Ignatius's bean; as, igasuric acid. Igasurine Ig`a*su"rine (?), n. [Malay igasura the nux vomica.] (Chem.) An alkaloid found in nux vomica, and extracted as a white crystalline substance. Igloo Ig"loo (?), n. 1. An Eskimo snow house. 2. (Zo\'94l.) A cavity, or excavation, made in the snow by a seal, over its breathing hole in the ice. Ignatius bean Ig*na"tius bean` (?). (Bot.) See Saint Ignatius's bean, under Saint. Igneous Ig"ne*ous (?), a. [L. igneus, fr. ignis fire; allied to Skr. agni, Lith. ugnis, OSlav. ogne.] 1. Pertaining to, having the nature of, fire; containing fire; resembling fire; as, an igneous appearance. 2. (Geol.) Resulting from, or produced by, the action of fire; as, lavas and basalt are igneous rocks. Ignescent Ig*nes"cent (?), a. [L. ignescens, p.pr. of ignescere to become inflamed, fr. ignis fire: cf. F. ignescent.] Emitting sparks of fire when struck with steel; scintillating; as, ignescent stones. Ignicolist Ig*nic"o*list (?), n. [L. ignis fire + colere to worship.] A worshiper of fire. [R.] Igniferous Ig*nif"er*ous (?), a. [L. ignifer; ignis fire + ferre to bear.] Producing fire. [R.] Blount. Ignifluous Ig*nif"lu*ous (?), a. [L. ignifluus; ignis fire + fluere to flow.] Flowing with fire. [Obs.] Cockerman. Ignify Ig"ni*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ignified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ignifying (?).] [L. ignis fire + -fy.] To form into fire. [R.] Stukeley. Ignigenous Ig*nig"e*nous (?), a. [L. ignigenus; ignis fire + genere, ginere, to beget, produce.] Produced by the action of fire, as lava. [R.] Ignipotence Ig*nip"o*tence (?), n. Power over fire. [R.] Ignipotent Ig*nip"o*tent (?), a. [L. ignipotens; ignis fire + potens powerful.] Presiding over fire; also, fiery. Vulcan is called the powerful ignipotent. Pope. Ignis fatuus Ig"nis fat"u*us (?); pl. Ignes fatui (#). [L. ignis fire + fatuus foolish. So called in allusion to its tendency to mislead travelers.] 1. A phosphorescent light that appears, in the night, over marshy ground, supposed to be occasioned by the decomposition of animal or vegetable substances, or by some inflammable gas; -- popularly called also Will-with-the-wisp, or Will-o'-the-wisp, and Jack-with-a-lantern, or Jack-o'-lantern.<-- thought to be caused by phosphine, PH3, a sponaneously combustible gas. --> 2. Fig.: A misleading influence; a decoy. Scared and guided by the ignis fatuus of popular superstition. Jer. Taylor. Ignite Ig*nite" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ignited (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Igniting.] [L. ignitus, p.p. of ignire to ignite, fr. ignis fire. See Igneous.] 1. To kindle or set on fire; as, to ignite paper or wood. 2. (Chem.) To subject to the action of intense heat; to heat strongly; -- often said of incombustible or infusible substances; as, to ignite iron or platinum. Ignite Ig*nite", v. i. To take fire; to begin to burn. Ignitible Ig*nit"i*ble (?), a. Capable of being ignited. Ignition Ig*ni"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. ignition.] 1. The act of igniting, kindling, or setting on fire. 2. The state of being ignited or kindled. Sir T. Browne. Ignitor Ig*nit"or (?), n. One who, or that which, produces ignition; especially, a contrivance for igniting the powder in a torpedo or the like. [Written also igniter.] Ignivomous Ig*niv"o*mous (?), a. [L. ignivomus; ignis fire + vomere 8vomit.] Vomiting fire. [R.] Ignobility Ig`no*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L. ignobilitas: cf. F. ignobilit\'82.] Ignobleness. [Obs.] Bale. Ignoble Ig*no"ble (?), a. [L. ignobilis; pref. in- not + nobilis noble: cf. F. ignoble. See In- not, and Noble, a.] 1. Of low birth or family; not noble; not illustrious; plebeian; common; humble. I was not ignoble of descent. Shak. Her royal stock graft with ignoble plants. Shak. 2. Not honorable, elevated, or generous; base. 'T but a base, ignoble mind, That mounts no higher than a bird can soar. Shak. Far from the madding crowd's ignoble strife. Gray. 3. (Zo\'94l.) Not a true or noble falcon; -- said of certain hawks, as the goshawk. Syn. -- Degenerate; degraded; mean; base; dishonorable; reproachful; disgraceful; shameful; scandalous; infamous. Ignoble Ig*no"ble, v. t. To make ignoble. [Obs.] Bacon. Ignobleness Ig*no"ble*ness, n. State or quality of being ignoble. Ignobly Ig*no"bly, adv. In an ignoble manner; basely. Ignominious Ig`no*min"i*ous (?), a. [L. ignominiosus: cf. F. ignominieux.] 1. Marked with ignominy; in curring public disgrace; dishonorable; shameful. Then first with fear surprised and sense of pain, Fled ignominious. Milton. 2. Deserving ignominy; despicable. One single, obscure, ignominious projector. Swift. 3. Humiliating; degrading; as, an ignominious judgment or sentence. Macaulay. Ignominiously Ig`no*min"i*ous*ly, adv. In an ignominious manner; disgracefully; shamefully; ingloriously. Ignominy Ig"no*min*y (?), n.; pl. Ignominies (#). [L. ignominia ignominy (i.e., a deprivation of one's good name); in- not + nomen name: cf. F. ignominie. See In- not, and Name.] 1. Public disgrace or dishonor; reproach; infamy. Their generals have been received with honor after their defeat; yours with ignominy after conquest. Addison. Vice begins in mistake, and ends in ignominy. Rambler. Ignominy is the infliction of such evil as is made dishonorable, or the deprivation of such good as is made honorable by the Common wealth. Hobbes. 2. An act deserving disgrace; an infamous act. Syn. -- Opprobrium; reproach; dishonor. Ignomy Ig"no*my (?), n. Ignominy. [R. & Obs.] I blush to think upon this ignomy. Shak. Ignoramus Ig`no*ra"mus (?), n. [L., we are ignorant. See Ignore.] 1. (Law) We are ignorant; we ignore; -- being the word formerly written on a bill of indictment by a grand jury when there was not sufficient evidence to warrant them in finding it a true bill. The phrase now used is, "No bill," "No true bill," or "Not found," though in some jurisdictions "Ignored" is still used. Wharton (Law Dict. ). Burn. 2. (pl. Ignoramuses (.) A stupid, ignorant person; a vain pretender to knowledge; a dunce. An ignoramus in place and power. South. Ignorance Ig"no*rance (?), n. [F., fr. L. ignorantia.] 1. The condition of being ignorant; the want of knowledge in general, or in relation to a particular subject; the state of being uneducated or uninformed. Ignorance is the curse of God, Knowledge the wing wherewith we fly to heaven. Shak. 2. (Theol.) A willful neglect or refusal to acquire knowledge which one may acquire and it is his duty to have. Book of Common Prayer. Invincible ignorance (Theol.), ignorance beyond the individual's control and for which, therefore, he is not responsible before God. Ignorant Ig"no*rant (?), a. [F., fr. L. ignorans, -antis, p.pr. of ignorare to be ignorant. See Ignore.] 1. Destitute of knowledge; uninstructed or uninformed; untaught; unenlightened. He that doth not know those things which are of use for him to know, is but an ignorant man, whatever he may know besides. Tillotson. 2. Unacquainted with; unconscious or unaware; -- used with of. Ignorant of guilt, I fear not shame. Dryden. 3. Unknown; undiscovered. [Obs.] Ignorant concealment. Shak. Alas, what ignorant sin have I committed? Shak. 4. Resulting from ignorance; foolish; silly. His shipping, Poor ignorant baubles! -- on our terrible seas, Like eggshells moved. Shak. Syn. -- Uninstructed; untaught; unenlightened; uninformed; unlearned; unlettered; illiterate. -- Ignorant, Illiterate. Ignorant denotes want of knowledge, either as to single subject or information in general; illiterate refers to an ignorance of letters, or of knowledge acquired by reading and study. In the Middle Ages, a great proportion of the higher classes were illiterate, and yet were far from being ignorant, especially in regard to war and other active pursuits. In such business Action is eloquence, and the eyes of the ignorant More learned than the ears. Shak. In the first ages of Christianity, not only the learned and the wise, but the ignorant and illiterate, embraced torments and death. Tillotson. Ignorant Ig"no*rant, n. A person untaught or uninformed; one unlettered or unskilled; an ignoramous. Did I for this take pains to teach Our zealous ignorants to preach? Denham. Ignorantism Ig"no*rant*ism (?), n. The spirit of those who extol the advantage to ignorance; obscuriantism. Ignorantist Ig"no*rant*ist, n. One opposed to the diffusion of knowledge; an obscuriantist. Ignorantly Ig"no*rant*ly, adv. In a ignorant manner; without knowledge; inadvertently. Whom therefoer ye ignorantly worship, him declare I unto you. Acts xvii. 23. Ignore Ig*nore" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ignored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ignoring.] [L. ignorare; pref. in- not + the root of gnarus knowing, noscere to become acquainted with. See Know, and cf. Narrate.] 1. To be ignorant of or not acquainted with. [Archaic] Philosophy would solidly be established, if men would more carefully distinguish those things that they know from those that they ignore. Boyle. 2. (Law) To throw out or reject as false or ungrounded; -- said of a bill rejected by a grand jury for want of evidence. See Ignoramus. 3. Hence: To refuse to take notice of; to shut the eyes to; not to recognize; to disregard willfully and causelessly; as, to ignore certain facts; to ignore the presence of an objectionable person. Ignoring Italy under our feet, And seeing things before, behind. Mrs. Browning. Ignoscible Ig*nos"ci*ble (?), a. [L. ignoscibilis, fr. ignoscere to pardon, lit., not to wish to know; pref. in- not + gnoscere, noscere, to learn to know. See In- not, and Know.] Pardonable. [Obs.] Bailey. Ignote Ig*note" (?), a. [L. ignotus; pref. in- not + gnotus, notus, known, p.p. of gnocere, nocere, to learn to know.] Unknown. [Obs.] Sir E. Sandys. -- n. One who is unknown. Bp. Hacket. Iguana I*gua"na (?), n. [Sp. iguana, from the native name in Hayti. Cf. Guana.] (Zo\'94l.) Any species of the genus Iguana, a genus of large American lizards of the family Iguanid\'91. They are arboreal in their habits, usually green in color, and feed chiefly upon fruits. NOTE: &hand; Th e common iguana (I. tuberculata) of the West Indies and South America is sometimes five feet long. Its flesh is highly prized as food. The horned iguana (I. cornuta) has a conical horn between the eyes. Iguanian I*gua"ni*an (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Resembling, or pertaining to, the iguana. Iguanid I*gua"nid (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Iguanoid. Iguanodon I*gua"no*don (?), n. [Iguana + Gr. (Paleon.) A genus of gigantic herbivorous dinosaurs having a birdlike pelvis and large hind legs with three-toed feet capable of supporting the entire body. Its teeth resemble those of the iguana, whence its name. Several species are known, mostly from the Wealden of England and Europe. See Illustration in Appendix. Iguanodont I*gua"no*dont (?), a. (Paleon.) Like or pertaining to the genus Iguanodon. Iguanoid I*gua"noid (?), a. [Iguana + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the Iguanid\'91. Ihlang-ihlang Ih*lang`-ih*lang" (?), n. [Malayan, flower of flowers.] A rich, powerful, perfume, obtained from the volatile oil of the flowers of Canada odorata, an East Indian tree. [Also written ylang-ylang.] Ihram Ih*ram" (?), n. The peculiar dress worn by pilgrims to Mecca. Ik Ik (?), pron. [See I.] I [Obs.] Piers Plowman. NOTE: &hand; Th e No rthern di alectic form of I, in Early English, corresponding to ich of the Southern. Il- Il- (?). A form of the prefix in-, not, and in-, among. See In-. Ile Ile (?), n. [AS. egl.] Ear of corn. [Obs.] Ainsworth. Ile Ile, n. [See Aisle.] An aisle. [Obs.] H. Swinburne. Ile Ile, n. [See Isle.] An isle. [Obs.] Chaucer. Ileac Il"e*ac (?), a. [See Ileum.] 1. (Anat.) Pertaining to the ileum. [Written also iliac.] 2. See Iliac, 1. [R.] Ileac passion. (Med.) See Ileus. Ileoc\'91cal Il`e*o*c\'91"cal (?), a. [Ileum + c\'91cal.] (Anat.) Pertaining to the ileum and c\'91cum. Ileocolic Il`e*o*col"ic (?), a. (Anat.) Pertaining to the ileum and colon; as, the ileocolic, or ileoc\'91cal, valve, a valve where the ileum opens into the large intestine. Ileum Il"e*um (?), n. [L. ile, ileum, ilium, pl. ilia, groin, flank.] 1. (Anat.) The last, and usually the longest, division of the small intestine; the part between the jejunum and large intestine. [Written also ileon, and ilium.] 2. (Anat.) See Ilium. [R.] NOTE: &hand; Mo st modern writers restrict ileum to the division of the intestine and ilium to the pelvic bone. Ileus Il"e*us (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A morbid condition due to intestinal obstruction. It is characterized by complete constipation, with griping pains in the abdomen, which is greatly distended, and in the later stages by vomiting of fecal matter. Called also ileac, OR iliac, passion. Ilex I"lex (?), n. [L., holm oak.] (Bot.) (a) The holm oak (Quercus Ilex). (b) A genus of evergreen trees and shrubs, including the common holly. Iliac Il"i*ac (?), a. [L. Iliacus, Gr. Iliad.] Pertaining to ancient Ilium, or Troy. Gladstone. Iliac Il"i*ac, a. [Cf. F. iliaque. See Ileum, and cf. Jade a stone.] 1. (Anat.) Pertaining to, or in the region of, the ilium, or dorsal bone of the pelvis; as, the iliac artery. [Written also ileac.] 2. See Ileac, 1. [R.] Iliac crest, the upper margin of the ilium. -- Iliac passion. See Ileus. -- Iliac region, a region of the abdomen, on either side of the hypogastric regions, and below the lumbar regions. Iliacal I*li"a*cal (?), a. Iliac. [R.] liad l"i*ad (?), n. [L. Ilias, -adis, Gr. A celebrated Greek epic poem, in twenty-four books, on the destruction of Ilium, the ancient Troy. The Iliad is ascribed to Homer. Ilial Il"i*al (?), a. (Anat.) Pertaining to the ilium; iliac. Iliche I*liche" (?), adv. [OE., fr. AS. gel\'c6c. Cf. Alike.] Alike. [Obs.] Chaucer. Ilicic I*lic"ic (?), a. [L. ilex, ilicis, holm oak.] Pertaining to, or derived from, the holly (Ilex), and allied plants; as, ilicic acid. Ilicin Il"i*cin (?), n. (Chem.) The bitter principle of the holly. Ilio- Il"i*o- (?). [From Ilium.] A combining form used in anatomy to denote connection with, or relation to, the ilium; as, ilio-femoral, ilio-lumbar, ilio-psoas, etc. Iliofemoral Il`i*o*fem"o*ral (?), a. (Anat.) Pertaining to the ilium and femur; as, iliofemoral ligaments. Iliolumbar Il`i*o*lum"bar (?), a. (Anat.) Pertaining to the iliac and lumbar regions; as, the iliolumbar artery. Iliopsoas Il`i*o*pso"as (?), n. (Anat.) The great flexor muscle of the hip joint, divisible into two parts, the iliac and great psoas, -- often regarded as distinct muscles. Ilium Il"i*um (?), n. [See Ileum.] (Anat.) The dorsal one of the three principal bones comprising either lateral half of the pelvis; the dorsal or upper part of the hip bone. See Innominate bone, under Innominate. [Written also ilion, and ileum.] Ilixanthin Il`ix*an"thin (?), n. [Ilex the genus including the holly + Gr. (Chem.) A yellow dye obtained from the leaves of the holly. Ilk Ilk (?), a. [Scot. ilk, OE. ilke the same, AS. ilca. Cf. Each.] Same; each; every. [Archaic] Spenser. Of that ilk, denoting that a person's surname and the title of his estate are the same; as, Grant of that ilk, i.e., Grant of Grant. Jamieson. Ilke Il"ke (?), a. [See Ilk.] Same. [Obs.] Chaucer. Ilkon, Ilkoon Il*kon", Il*koon" (?), pron. [See Ilk, and One.] Each one; every one. [Obs.] Chaucer. Ill Ill (?), a. [The regular comparative and superlative are wanting, their places being supplied by worse ( and worst (, from another root.] [OE. ill, ille, Icel. illr; akin to Sw. illa, adv., Dan. ilde, adv.] 1. Contrary to good, in a physical sense; contrary or opposed to advantage, happiness, etc.; bad; evil; unfortunate; disagreeable; unfavorable. Neither is it ill air only that maketh an ill seat, but ill ways, ill markets, and ill neighbors. Bacon. There 's some ill planet reigns. Shak. 2. Contrary to good, in a moral sense; evil; wicked; wrong; iniquitious; naughtly; bad; improper. Of his own body he was ill, and gave The clergy ill example. Shak. 3. Sick; indisposed; unwell; diseased; disordered; as, ill of a fever. I am in health, I breathe, and see thee ill. Shak. 4. Not according with rule, fitness, or propriety; incorrect; rude; unpolished; inelegant. That 's an ill phrase. Shak. Ill at ease, uneasy; uncomfortable; anxious. "I am very ill at ease." Shak. -- Ill blood, enmity; resentment. -- Ill breeding, want of good breeding; rudeness. -- Ill fame, ill or bad repute; as, a house of ill fame, a house where lewd persons meet for illicit intercourse. -- Ill humor, a disagreeable mood; bad temper. -- Ill nature, bad disposition or temperament; sullenness; esp., a disposition to cause unhappiness to others. -- Ill temper, anger; moroseness; crossness. -- Ill turn. (a) An unkind act. (b) A slight attack of illness. [Colloq. U.S.] -- Ill will, unkindness; enmity; malevolence. Syn. -- Bad; evil; wrong; wicked; sick; unwell. _________________________________________________________________ Page 728 Ill Ill (?), n. 1. Whatever annoys or impairs happiness, or prevents success; evil of any kind; misfortune; calamity; disease; pain; as, the ills of humanity. Who can all sense of others' ills escape Is but a brute at best in human shape. Tate. That makes us rather bear those ills we have Than fly to others that we know not of. Shak. 2. Whatever is contrary to good, in a moral sense; wickedness; depravity; iniquity; wrong; evil. Strong virtue, like strong nature, struggles still, Exerts itself, and then throws off the ill. Dryden. Ill Ill, adv. In a ill manner; badly; weakly. How ill this taper burns! Shak. Ill fares the land, to hastening ills a prey, Where wealth accumulates and men decay. Goldsmith. NOTE: &hand; Il l, li ke ab ove, we ll, and so, is used before many participal adjectives, in its usual adverbal sense. When the two words are used as an epithet preceding the noun qualified they are commonly hyphened; in other cases they are written separatively; as, an ill-educated man; he was ill educated; an ill-formed plan; the plan, however ill formed, was acceptable. Ao, also, the following: ill-affected or ill affected, ill-arranged or ill arranged, ill-assorted or ill assorted, ill-boding or ill boding, ill-bred or ill bred, ill-conditioned, ill-conducted, ill-considered, ill-devised, ill-disposed, ill-doing, ill-fairing, ill-fated, ill-favored, ill-featured, ill-formed, ill-gotten, ill-imagined, ill-judged, ill-looking, ill-mannered, ill-matched, ill-meaning, ill-minded, ill-natured, ill-omened, ill-proportioned, ill-provided, ill-required, ill-sorted, ill-starred, ill-tempered, ill-timed, ill-trained, ill-used, and the like. I' ll I' ll (?). Contraction for I will or I shall. I'll by a sign give notice to our friends. Shak. Illabile Il*lab"ile (?), a. Incapable of falling or erring; infalliable. [Obs.] -- Il`la*bil"i*ty (#), n. [Obs.] Illacerable Il*lac"er*a*ble (?), a. [L. illacerabilis: cf. F. illac\'82rable. See In- not, and Lacerable.] Not lacerable; incapable of being torn or rent. [Obs.] Illacrymable Il*lac"ry*ma*ble (?), a. [L. illacrimabilis; pref. il- not + lacrimabilis worthy of tears.] Incapable of weeping. [Obs.] Bailey. Illapsable Il*laps"a*ble (?), a. [Pref. il- not + lapsable.] Incapable of slipping, or of error. [R.] Morally immutable and illapsable. Glanvill. Illapse Il*lapse" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Illapsed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Illapsing.] [L. illapsus, p.p. of illabi; pref. il- in + labi to fall, slide.] To fall or glide; to pass; -- usually followed by into. Cheyne. Illapse Il*lapse", n. [L. illapsus. See Illapse, v. i.] A gliding in; an immisson or entrance of one thing into another; also, a sudden descent or attack. Akenside. They sit silent . . . waiting for an illapse of the spirit. Jeffrey. Illaqueable Il*la"que*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being insnared or entrapped. [R.] Cudworth. Illaqueate Il*la"que*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Illaqueated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Illaqueating.] [L. illaqueatus, p.p. of illaqueare; pref. il- in + laqueare to insnare, fr. laqueus, noose, snare.] To insnare; to entrap; to entangle; to catch. Let not the surpassing eloquence of Taylor dazzle you, nor his scholastic retairy versatility of logic illaqueate your good sense. Coleridge. Illaqueation Il*la`que*a"tion (?), n. 1. The act of catching or insnaring. [R.] Sir T. Browne. 2. A snare; a trap. Johnson. Illation Il*la"tion (?), n. [L. illatio, fr. illatus, used as p.p. of inferre to carry or bring in, but from a different root: cf. F. illation. See 1st In-, and Tolerate, and cf. Infer.] The act or process of inferring from premises or reasons; perception of the connection between ideas; that which is inferred; inference; deduction; conclusion. Fraudulent deductions or inconsequent illations from a false conception of things. Sir T. Browne. Illative Il"la*tive (?), a. [L. illativus: cf. F. illatif.] Relating to, dependent on, or denoting, illation; inferential; conclusive; as, an illative consequence or proposition; an illative word, as then, therefore, etc. Illative conversion (Logic), a converse or reverse statement of a proposition which in that form must be true because the original proposition is true. -- Illative sense (Metaph.), the faculty of the mind by which it apprehends the conditions and determines upon the correctness of inferences. Illative Il"la*tive, n. An illative particle, as for, because. Illatively Il"la*tive*ly, adv. By inference; as an illative; in an illative manner. Illaudable Il*laud"a*ble (?), a. [L. illaudabilis. See In- not, and Laudable.] Not laudable; not praise-worthy; worthy of censure or disapprobation. Milton. -- Il*laud"a*bly, adv. [Obs.] Broome. Ill-boding Ill`-bod"ing (?), a. Boding evil; inauspicious; ill-omened. "Ill-boding stars." Shak. Ill-bred Ill"-bred` (?), a. Badly educated or brought up; impolite; incivil; rude. See Note under Ill, adv. Illecebration Il*lec`e*bra"tion (?), n. [See Illecebrous.] Allurement. [R.] T. Brown. Illecebrous Il*lec"e*brous (?), a. [L. illecebrosus, fr. illecebra allurement, fr. illicere to allure.] Alluring; attractive; enticing. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot. Illegal Il*le"gal (?), a. [Pref. il- not + legal: cf. F. ill\'82gal.] Not according to, or authorized by, law; specif., contrary to, or in violation of, human law; unlawful; illicit; hence, immoral; as, an illegal act; illegal trade; illegal love. Bp. Burnet. Illegality Il`le*gal"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Illegalities (#). [Cf. F. ill\'82galit\'82.] The quality or condition of being illegal; unlawfulness; as, the illegality of trespass or of false imprisonment; also, an illegal act. Illegalize Il*le"gal*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Illegalized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Illegalizing (?).] To make or declare illegal or unlawful. Illegally Il*le"gal*ly, adv. In a illegal manner; unlawfully. Illegalness Il*le"gal*ness, n. Illegality, unlawfulness. Illegibility Il*leg`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. The state or quality of being illegible. Illegible Il*leg"i*ble (?), a. Incapable of being read; not legible; as, illegible handwriting; an illegible inscription. -- Il*leg"i*ble*ness, n. -- Il*leg"i*bly, adv. Illegitimacy Il`le*git"i*ma*cy (?), n. The state of being illegitimate. Blackstone. Illegitimate Il`le*git"i*mate (?), a. 1. Not according to law; not regular or authorized; unlawful; improper. 2. Unlawfully begotten; born out of wedlock; bastard; as, an illegitimate child. 3. Not legitimately deduced or inferred; illogical; as, an illegitimate inference. 4. Not authorized by good usage; not genuine; spurious; as, an illegitimate word. Illegitimate fertilization, OR Illegitimate union (Bot.), the fertilization of pistils by stamens not of their own length, in heterogonously dimorphic and trimorphic flowers. Darwin. Illegitimate Il`le*git"i*mate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Illegitimated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Illegitimating.] To render illegitimate; to declare or prove to be born out of wedlock; to bastardize; to illegitimatize. The marriage should only be dissolved for the future, without illegitimating the issue. Bp. Burnet. Illegitimately Il`le*git"i*mate*ly (?), adv. In a illegitimate manner; unlawfully. Illegitimation Il`le*git`i*ma"tion (?), n. 1. The act of illegitimating; bastardizing. 2. The state of being illegitimate; illegitimacy. [Obs.] Gardiner had performed his promise to the queen of getting her illegitimation taken off. Bp. Burnet. Illegitimatize Il`le*git"i*ma*tize (?), v. t. To render illegitimate; to bastardize. Illesive Il*le"sive (?), a. [Pref. il- not + L. laedere, laesum, to injure.] Not injurious; harmless. [R.] Illeviable Il*lev"i*a*ble (?), a. Not leviable; incapable of being imposed, or collected. [R.] Sir M. Hale. Ill-favored Ill`-fa"vored (?), a. Wanting beauty or attractiveness; deformed; ugly; ill-looking. Ill-favored and lean-fleshed. Gen. xli. 3. -- Ill`-fa"vored*ly, adv. -- Ill`-fa"vored*ness, n. Illiberal Il*lib"er*al (?), a. [L. illiberalis; pref. il- not + liberalis liberal: cf. F. illib\'82ral.] 1. Not liberal; not free or generous; close; niggardly; mean; sordid. "A thrifty and illiberal hand." Mason. 2. Indicating a lack of breeding, culture, and the like; ignoble; rude; narrow-minded; disingenuous. 3. Not well authorized or elegant; as, illiberal words in Latin. [R.] Chesterfield. Illiberalism Il*lib"er*al*ism (?), n. Illiberality. [R.] Illiberality Il*lib`er*al"i*ty (?), n. [L. illiberalitas: cf. F. illib\'82ralit\'82.] The state or quality of being illiberal; narrowness of mind; meanness; niggardliness. Bacon. Illiberalize Il*lib"er*al*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Illiberalized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Illiberalizing (?).] To make illiberal. Illiberally Il*lib"er*al*ly, adv. In a illiberal manner, ungenerously; uncharitably; parsimoniously. Illiberalness Il*lib"er*al*ness, n. The state of being illiberal; illiberality. Illicit Il*lic"it (?), a. [L. illicitus; pref. il- not + licitus, p.p. of licere to be allowed or permitted: cf. F. illicite. See In- not, and License.] Not permitted or allowed; prohibited; unlawful; as, illicit trade; illicit intercourse; illicit pleasure. One illicit . . . transaction always leads to another. Burke. -- Il*lic"it*ly, adv. -- Il*lic"it*ness, n. Illicitous Il*lic"it*ous (?), a. Illicit. [R.] Cotgrave. Illicium Il*li"ci*um (?), n. [So called, in allusion to its aroma, from L. illicium an allurement.] (Bot.) A genus of Asiatic and American magnoliaceous trees, having star-shaped fruit; star anise. The fruit of Illicium anisatum is used as a spice in India, and its oil is largely used in Europe for flavoring cordials, being almost identical with true oil of anise. Illighten Il*light"en (?), v. t. To enlighten. [Obs.] Illimitable Il*lim"it*a*ble (?), a. [Pref. il- not + limitable: cf. F. illimitable.] Incapable of being limited or bounded; immeasurable; limitless; boundless; as, illimitable space. The wild, the irregular, the illimitable, and the luxuriant, have their appropriate force of beauty. De Quincey. Syn. -- Boundless; limitless; unlimited; unbounded; immeasurable; infinite; immense; vast. -- Il*lim"it*a*ble*ness, n. -- Il*lim"it*a*bly, adv. Illimitation Il*lim`it*a"tion (?), n. [Pref. il- not + limitation: cf. F. illimitation.] State of being illimitable; want of, or freedom from, limitation. Bp. Hall. Illimited Il*lim"it*ed (?), a. Not limited; interminable. Bp. Hall. -- Il*lim"it*ed*ness, n. The absoluteness and illimitedness of his commission was generally much spoken of. Clarendon. Illinition Il`li*ni"tion (?), n. [L. illinire, illinere, to besmear; pref. il- in, on + linire, linere, to smear.] 1. A smearing or rubbing in or on; also, that which is smeared or rubbed on, as ointment or liniment. 2. A thin crust of some extraneous substance formed on minerals. [R.] A thin crust or illinition of black manganese. Kirwan. Illinois Il`li*nois" (?), n.sing. & pl. (Ethnol.) A tribe of North American Indians, which formerly occupied the region between the Wabash and Mississippi rivers. Illiquation Il`li*qua"tion (?), n. [Pref. il- in + L. liquare to melt.] The melting or dissolving of one thing into another. Illish Ill"ish (?), a. Somewhat ill. [Obs.] Howell. Illision Il*li"sion (?), n. [L. illisio, fr. illidere, illisum, to strike against; pref. il- in + laedere to strike.] The act of dashing or striking against. Sir T. Browne. Illiteracy Il*lit"er*a*cy (?), n.; pl. Illiteracies (#). [From Illiterate.] 1. The state of being illiterate, or uneducated; want of learning, or knowledge; ignorance; specifically, inability to read and write; as, the illiteracy shown by the last census. 2. An instance of ignorance; a literary blunder. The many blunders and illiteracies of the first publishers of his [Shakespeare's] works. Pope. Illiteral Il*lit"er*al (?), a. Not literal. [R.] B. Dawson. Illiterate Il*lit"er*ate (?), a. [L. illiteratus: pref. il- not + literatus learned. See In- not, and Literal.] Ignorant of letters or books; unlettered; uninstructed; uneducated; as, an illiterate man, or people. Syn. -- Ignorant; untaught; unlearned; unlettered; unscholary. See Ignorant. -- Il*lit"er*ate*ly, adv. -- Il*lit"er*ate*ness, n. Illiterature Il*lit"er*a*ture (?), n. Want of learning; illiteracy. [R.] Ayliffe. Southey. Ill-judged Ill"-judged` (?), a. Not well judged; unwise. Ill-lived Ill"-lived` (?), a. Leading a wicked life. [Obs.] Ill-looking Ill"-look`ing (?), a. Having a bad look; threatening; ugly. See Note under Ill, adv. Ill-mannered Ill`-man"nered (?), a. Impolite; rude. Ill-minded Ill"-mind`ed (?), a. Ill-disposed. Byron. Ill-natured Ill`-na"tured (?), a. 1. Of habitual bad temper; peevish; fractious; cross; crabbed; surly; as, an ill-natured person. 2. Dictated by, or indicating, ill nature; spiteful. "The ill-natured task refuse." Addison. 3. Intractable; not yielding to culture. [R.] "Ill-natured land." J. Philips. -- Ill`-na"tured*ly, adv. -- Ill`-na"tured*ness, n. Illness Ill"ness (?), n. [From Ill.] 1. The condition of being ill, evil, or bad; badness; unfavorableness. [Obs.] "The illness of the weather." Locke. 2. Disease; indisposition; malady; disorder of health; sickness; as, a short or a severe illness. 3. Wrong moral conduct; wickedness. Shak. Syn. -- Malady; disease; indisposition; ailment. -- Illness, Sickness. Within the present century, there has been a tendency in England to use illness in the sense of a continuous disease, disorder of health, or sickness, and to confine sickness more especially to a sense of nausea, or "sickness of the stomach." Ill-nurtured Ill"-nur`tured (?), a. Ill-bred. Shak. Illocality Il`lo*cal"i*ty (?), n. Want of locality or place. [R.] Cudworth. Illogical Il*log"ic*al (?), a. Ignorant or negligent of the rules of logic or correct reasoning; as, an illogical disputant; contrary of the rules of logic or sound reasoning; as, an illogical inference. -- Il*log"ic*al*ly, adv. -- Il*log"ic*al*ness, n. Ill-omened Ill`-o"mened (?), a. Having unlucky omens; inauspicious. See Note under Ill, adv. Ill-starred Ill"-starred` (?), a. Fated to be unfortunate; unlucky; as, an ill-starred man or day. Ill-tempered Ill`-tem"pered (?), a. 1. Of bad temper; morose; crabbed; sour; peevish; fretful; quarrelsome. 2. Unhealthy; ill-conditioned. [Obs.] So ill-tempered I am grown, that I am afraid I shall catch cold, while all the world is afraid to melt away. Pepys. Ill-timed Ill"-timed` (?), a. Done, attempted, or said, at an unsuitable or unpropitious time. Illtreat Ill`treat" (?), v. t. To treat cruelly or improperly; to ill use; to maltreat. Illude Il*lude" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Illuded; p. pr. & vb. n. Illuding.] [L. illudere, illusum; pref. il- in + ludere to play: cf. OF. illuder. See Ludicrous.] To play upon by artifice; to deceive; to mock; to excite and disappoint the hopes of. Illume Il*lume" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Illumed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Illuming.] [Cf. F. illuminer. See Illuminate.] To throw or spread light upon; to make light or bright; to illuminate; to illumine. Shak. The mountain's brow, Illumed with fluid gold. Thomson. Illuminable Il*lu"mi*na*ble (?), a. Capable of being illuminated. Illuminant Il*lu"mi*nant (?), n. [L. illuminans, -antis, p.pr. of illuminare.] That which illuminates or affords light; as, gas and petroleum are illuminants. Boyle. Illuminary Il*lu"mi*na*ry (?), a. Illuminative. Illuminate Il*lu"mi*nate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Illuminated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Illuminating (?).] [L. illuminatus, p.p. of illuminare; pref. il- in + luminare to enlighten, fr. lumen light. See Luminous, and cf. Illume, Illumine, Enlimn, Limn.] 1. To make light; to throw light on; to supply with light, literally or figuratively; to brighten. 2. To light up; to decorate with artificial lights, as a building or city, in token of rejoicing or respect. 3. To adorn, as a book or page with borders, initial letters, or miniature pictures in colors and gold, as was done in manuscripts of the Middle Ages. 4. To make plain or clear; to dispel the obscurity to by knowledge or reason; to explain; to elucidate; as, to illuminate a text, a problem, or a duty. _________________________________________________________________ Page 729 Illuminate Il*lu"mi*nate (?), v. i. To light up in token or rejoicing. Illuminate Il*lu"mi*nate (?), a. [L. illuminatus, p.p.] Enlightened. Bp. Hall. Illuminate Il*lu"mi*nate, n. One who enlightened; esp., a pretender to extraordinary light and knowledge. Illuminati Il*lu`mi*na"ti (?), n. pl. [L. illuminatus. See Illuminate, v. t., and cf. Illuminee.] Literally, those who are enlightened; -- variously applied as follows: - 1. (Eccl.) Persons in the early church who had received baptism; in which ceremony a lighted taper was given them, as a symbol of the spiritual illumination they has received by that sacrament. 2. (Eccl. Hist.) Members of a sect which sprung up in Spain about the year 1575. Their principal doctrine was, that, by means of prayer, they had attained to so perfect a state as to have no need of ordinances, sacraments, good works, etc.; -- called also Alumbrados, Perfectibilists, etc. 3. (Mod. Hist.) Members of certain associations in Modern Europe, who combined to promote social reforms, by which they expected to raise men and society to perfection, esp. of one originated in 1776 by Adam Weishaupt, professor of canon law at Ingolstadt, which spread rapidly for a time, but ceased after a few years. 4. Also applied to: (a) An obscure sect of French Familists. (b) The Hesychasts, Mystics, and Quietists; (c) The Rosicrucians. 5. Any persons who profess special spiritual or intellectual enlightenment. Illuminating Il*lu"mi*na`ting (?), a. Giving or producing light; used for illumination. Illuminating gas. See Gas, n., 2 (a). Illumination Il*lu`mi*na"tion (?), n. [L. illuminatio: cf. F. illumination.] 1. The act of illuminating, or supplying with light; the state of being illuminated. 2. Festive decoration of houses or buildings with lights. 3. Adornment of books and manuscripts with colored illustrations. See Illuminate, v. t., 3. 4. That which is illuminated, as a house; also, an ornamented book or manuscript. 5. That which illuminates or gives light; brightness; splendor; especially, intellectual light or knowledge. The illumination which a bright genius giveth to his work. Felton. 6. (Theol.) The special communication of knowledge to the mind by God; inspiration. Hymns and psalms . . . are framed by meditation beforehand, or by prophetical illumination are inspired. Hooker. Illuminatism Il*lu"mi*na*tism (?), n. Illuminism. [R.] Illuminative Il*lu"mi*na*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. illuminatif.] Tending to illuminate or illustrate; throwing light; illustrative. "Illuminative reading." Carlyle. Illuminator Il*lu"mi*na`tor (?), n. [L., an enlightener, LL. also, an illuminator of books.] 1. One whose occupation is to adorn books, especially manuscripts, with miniatures, borders, etc. See Illuminate, v. t., 3. 2. A condenser or reflector of light in optical apparatus; also, an illuminant. Illumine Il*lu"mine (?), v. t. [Cf. F. illuminer. See Illuminate.] To illuminate; to light up; to adorn. Illuminee Il*lu`mi*nee" (?), n. [F. illumin\'82. Cf. Illuminati.] One of the Illuminati. Illuminer Il*lu"mi*ner (?), n. One who, or that which, illuminates. Illuminism Il*lu"mi*nism (?), n. [Cf. F. illuminisme.] The principles of the Illuminati. Illuministic Il*lu`mi*nis"tic (?), a. Of or pertaining to illuminism, or the Illuminati. Illuminize Il*lu"mi*nize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Illuminized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Illuminizing (?).] To initiate the doctrines or principles of the Illuminati. Illuminous Il*lu"mi*nous (?), a. Bright; clear. [R.] H. Taylor. Illure Il*lure" (?), v. t. [Pref. il- in + lure.] To deceive; to entice; to lure. [Obs.] The devil insnareth the souls of many men, by illuring them with the muck and dung of this world. Fuller. Ill-used Ill`-used" (?), a. Misapplied; treated badly. Illusion Il*lu"sion (?), n. [F. illusion, L. illusio, fr. illudere, illusum, to illude. See Illude.] 1. An unreal image presented to the bodily or mental vision; a deceptive appearance; a false show; mockery; hallucination. To cheat the eye with blear illusions. Milton. 2. Hence: Anything agreeably fascinating and charning; enchantment; witchery; glamour. Ye soft illusions, dear deceits, arise! Pope. 3. (Physiol.) A sensation originated by some external object, but so modified as in any way to lead to an erroneous perception; as when the rolling of a wagon is mistaken for thunder. NOTE: &hand; So me mo dern wr iters distinguish between an illusion and hallucination, regarding the former as originating with some external object, and the latter as having no objective occasion whatever. 4. A plain, delicate lace, usually of silk, used for veils, scarfs, dresses, etc. Syn. -- Delusion; mockery; deception; chimera; fallacy. See Delusion. Illusion, Delusion. Illusion refers particularly to errors of the sense; delusion to false hopes or deceptions of the mind. An optical deception is an illusion; a false opinion is a delusion. E. Edwards. Illusionable Il*lu"sion*a*ble (?), a. Liable to illusion. Illusionist Il*lu"sion*ist, n. One given to illusion; a visionary dreamer. Illusive Il*lu"sive (?), a. [See Illude.] Deceiving by false show; deceitful; deceptive; false; illusory; unreal. Truth from illusive falsehood to command. Thomson. Illusively Il*lu"sive*ly, adv. In a illusive manner; falsely. Illusiveness Il*lu"sive*ness, n. The quality of being illusive; deceptiveness; false show. Illusory Il*lu"so*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. illusore.] Deceiving, or tending of deceive; fallacious; illusive; as, illusory promises or hopes. Illustrable Il*lus"tra*ble (?), a. Capable of illustration. Sir T. Browne. Illustrate Il*lus"trate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Illustrated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Illustrating (?).] [L. illustratus, p.p. of illustrare to illustrate, fr. illustris bright. See Illustrious.] 1. To make clear, bright, or luminous. Here, when the moon illustrates all the sky. Chapman. 2. To set in a clear light; to exhibit distinctly or conspicuously. Shak. To prove him, and illustrate his high worth. Milton. 3. To make clear, intelligible, or apprehensible; to elucidate, explain, or exemplify, as by means of figures, comparisons, and examples. 4. To adorn with pictures, as a book or a subject; to elucidate with pictures, as a history or a romance. 5. To give renown or honor to; to make illustrious; to glorify. [Obs.] Matter to me of glory, whom their hate Illustrates. Milton. Illustrate Il*lus"trate (?), a. [L. illustratus, p.p.] Illustrated; distinguished; illustrious. [Obs.] This most gallant, illustrate, and learned gentleman. Shak. Illustration Il`lus*tra"tion (?), n. [L. illustratio: cf. F. illustration.] 1. The act of illustrating; the act of making clear and distinct; education; also, the state of being illustrated, or of being made clear and distinct. 2. That which illustrates; a comparison or example intended to make clear or apprehensible, or to remove obscurity. 3. A picture designed to decorate a volume or elucidate a literary work. Illustrative Il*lus"tra*tive (?), a. 1. Tending or designed to illustrate, exemplify, or elucidate. 2. Making illustrious. [Obs.] Illustratively Il*lus"tra*tive*ly, adv. By way of illustration or elucidation. [R.] Sir T. Browne. Illustrator Il*lus"tra*tor (?), n. [L.] One who illustrates. Illustratory Il*lus"tra*to*ry (?), a. Serving to illustrate. Illustrious Il*lus"tri*ous (?), a. [L. illustris, prob. for illuxtris; fr. il- in + the root of lucidus bright: cf. F. illustre. See Lucid.] 1. Possessing luster or brightness; brilliant; luminous; splendid. Quench the light; thine eyes are guides illustrious. Beau. & Fl. 2. Characterized by greatness, nobleness, etc.; eminent; conspicuous; distinguished. Illustrious earls, renowened everywhere. Drayton. 3. Conferring luster or honor; renowned; as, illustrious deeds or titles. Syn. -- Distinguished; famous; remarkable; brilliant; conspicuous; noted; celebrated; signal; renowened; eminent; exalted; noble; glorious. See Distinguished, Famous. Illustriously Il*lus"tri*ous*ly, adv. In a illustrious manner; conspicuously; eminently; famously. Milton. Illustriousness Il*lus"tri*ous*ness, n. The state or quality of being eminent; greatness; grandeur; glory; fame. Illustrous Il*lus"trous (?), a. [Pref. il- not + lustrous.] Without luster. [Obs. & R.] Illutation Il`lu*ta"tion (?), n. [Pref. il- in + L. lutum mud: cf. F. illutation.] The act or operation of smearing the body with mud, especially with the sediment from mineral springs; a mud bath. Illuxurious Il`lux*u"ri*ous (?), a. Not luxurious. [R.] Orrery. Ill-will Ill`-will" (?). See under Ill, a. Ill-wisher Ill`-wish"er (?), n. One who wishes ill to another; an enemy. Illy Il"ly (?), adv. [A word not fully approved, but sometimes used for the adverb ill.] Ilmenite Il"men*ite (?), n. [So called from Ilmen, a branch of the Ural Mountains.] (Min.) Titanic iron. See Menaccanite. Ilmenium Il*me"ni*um (?), n. [NL. See Ilmenite.] (Chem.) A supposed element claimed to have been discovered by R.Harmann. Ilvaite Il"va*ite (?), n. [From L. Ilva, the island now called Elba.] (Min.) A silicate of iron and lime occurring in black prismatic crystals and columnar masses. I'm I'm (?). A contraction of I am. Im- Im- (?). A form of the prefix in- not, and in- in. See In-. Im- also occurs in composition with some words not of Latin origin; as, imbank, imbitter. Image Im"age (?), n. [F., fr. L. imago, imaginis, from the root of imitari to imitate. See Imitate, and cf. Imagine.] 1. An imitation, representation, or similitude of any person, thing, or act, sculptured, drawn, painted, or otherwise made perceptible to the sight; a visible presentation; a copy; a likeness; an effigy; a picture; a semblance. Even like a stony image, cold and numb. Shak. Whose is this image and superscription? Matt. xxii. 20. This play is the image of a murder done in Vienna. Shak. And God created man in his own image. Gen. i. 27. 2. Hence: The likeness of anything to which worship is paid; an idol. Chaucer. Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image, . . . thou shalt not bow down thyself to them. Ex. xx. 4, 5. 3. Show; appearance; cast. The face of things a frightful image bears. Dryden. 4. A representation of anything to the mind; a picture drawn by the fancy; a conception; an idea. Can we conceive Image of aught delightful, soft, or great? Prior. 5. (Rhet.) A picture, example, or illustration, often taken from sensible objects, and used to illustrate a subject; usually, an extended metaphor. Brande & C. 6. (Opt.) The figure or picture of any object formed at the focus of a lens or mirror, by rays of light from the several points of the object symmetrically refracted or reflected to corresponding points in such focus; this may be received on a screen, a photographic plate, or the retina of the eye, and viewed directly by the eye, or with an eyeglass, as in the telescope and microscope; the likeness of an object formed by reflection; as, to see one's image in a mirror. Electrical image. See under Electrical. -- Image breaker, one who destroys images; an iconoclast. -- Image graver, Image maker, a sculptor. -- Image worship, the worship of images as symbols; iconolatry distinguished from idolatry; the worship of images themselves. -- Image Purkinje (Physics), the image of the retinal blood vessels projected in, not merely on, that membrane. -- Virtual image (Optics), a point or system of points, on one side of a mirror or lens, which, if it existed, would emit the system of rays which actually exists on the other side of the mirror or lens. Clerk Maxwell. Image Im"age (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imaged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Imaging (?).] 1. To represent or form an image of; as, the still lake imaged the shore; the mirror imaged her figure. "Shrines of imaged saints." J. Warton. 2. To represent to the mental vision; to form a likeness of by the fancy or recollection; to imagine. Condemn'd whole years in absence to deplore, And image charms he must behold no more. Pope. Imageable Im"age*a*ble (?), a. That may be imaged. [R.] Imageless Im"age*less, a. Having no image. Shelley. Imager Im"a*ger (?), n. One who images or forms likenesses; a sculptor. [Obs.] Praxiteles was ennobled for a rare imager. Holland. Imagery Im"age*ry (?), n. [OE. imagerie, F. imagerie.] 1. The work of one who makes images or visible representation of objects; imitation work; images in general, or in mass. "Painted imagery." Shak. In those oratories might you see Rich carvings, portraitures, and imagery. Dryden. 2. Fig.: Unreal show; imitation; appearance. What can thy imagery of sorrow mean? Prior. 3. The work of the imagination or fancy; false ideas; imaginary phantasms. The imagery of a melancholic fancy. Atterbury. 4. Rhetorical decoration in writing or speaking; vivid descriptions presenting or suggesting images of sensible objects; figures in discourse. I wish there may be in this poem any instance of good imagery. Dryden. Imaginability Im*ag`i*na*bil"i*ty (?), n. Capacity for imagination. [R.] Coleridge. Imaginable Im*ag"i*na*ble (?), a. [L. imaginabilis: cf. F. imaginable.] Capable of being imagined; conceivable. Men sunk into the greatest darkness imaginable. Tillotson. -- Im*ag"i*na*ble*ness, n. -- Im*ag"i*na*bly, adv. Imaginal Im*ag"i*nal (?), a. [L. imaginalis.] 1. Characterized by imagination; imaginative; also, given to the use or rhetorical figures or imagins. 2. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to an imago. Imaginal disks (Zo\'94l.), masses of hypodermic cells, carried by the larv\'91 of some insects after leaving the egg, from which masses the wings and legs of the adult are subsequently formed. Imaginant Im*ag"i*nant (?), a. [L. imaginans, p.pr. of imaginari: cf. F. imaginant.] Imagining; conceiving. [Obs.] Bacon. -- n. An imaginer. [Obs.] Glanvill. Imaginarily Im*ag"i*na*ri*ly (?), a. In a imaginary manner; in imagination. B. Jonson. Imaginariness Im*ag"i*na*ri*ness, n. The state or quality of being imaginary; unreality. Imaginary Im*ag"i*na*ry (?), a. [L. imaginarius: cf. F. imaginaire.] Existing only in imagination or fancy; not real; fancied; visionary; ideal. Wilt thou add to all the griefs I suffer Imaginary ills and fancied tortures? Addison. Imaginary calculus See under Calculus. -- Imaginary expression OR quantity (Alg.), an algebraic expression which involves the impossible operation of taking the square root of a negative quantity; as, &root;-9, a + b &root;-1. -- Imaginary points, lines, surfaces, etc. (Geom.), points, lines, surfaces, etc., imagined to exist, although by reason of certain changes of a figure they have in fact ceased to have a real existence.Syn. -- Ideal; fanciful; chimerical; visionary; fancied; unreal; illusive. Imaginary Im*ag"i*na*ry, n. (Alg.) An imaginary expression or quantity. Imaginate Im*ag"i*nate (?), a. Imaginative. [Obs.] Holland. Imagination Im*ag`i*na"tion (?), n. [OE. imaginacionum, F. imagination, fr. L. imaginatio. See Imagine.] 1. The imagine-making power of the mind; the power to create or reproduce ideally an object of sense previously perceived; the power to call up mental imagines. Our simple apprehension of corporeal objects, if present, is sense; if absent, is imagination. Glanvill. Imagination is of three kinds: joined with belief of that which is to come; joined with memory of that which is past; and of things present, or as if they were present. Bacon. 2. The representative power; the power to reconstruct or recombine the materials furnished by direct apprehension; the complex faculty usually termed the plastic or creative power; the fancy. The imagination of common language -- the productive imagination of philosophers -- is nothing but the representative process plus the process to which I would give the name of the "comparative." Sir W. Hamilton. The power of the mind to decompose its conceptions, and to recombine the elements of them at its pleasure, is called its faculty of imagination. I. Taylor. The business of conception is to present us with an exact transcript of what we have felt or perceived. But we have moreover a power of modifying our conceptions, by combining the parts of different ones together, so as to form new wholes of our creation. I shall employ the word imagination to express this power. Stewart. 3. The power to recombine the materials furnished by experience or memory, for the accomplishment of an elevated purpose; the power of conceiving and expressing the ideal. The lunatic, the lover, and the poet Are of imagination all compact . . . The poet's eye, in a fine frenzy rolling, Doth glance from heaven to earth, from earth to heaven, And as imagination bodies forth The forms of things unknown, the poet's pen Turns them to shapes, and gives to airy nothing A local habitation and a name. Shak. 4. A mental image formed by the action of the imagination as a faculty; a conception; a notion. Shak. Syn. -- Conception; idea; conceit; fancy; device; origination; invention; scheme; design; purpose; contrivance. -- Imagination, Fancy. These words have, to a great extent, been interchanged by our best writers, and considered as strictly synonymous. A distinction, however, is now made between them which more fully exhibits their nature. Properly speaking, they are different exercises of the same general power -- the plastic or creative faculty. Imagination consists in taking parts of our conceptions and combining them into new forms and images more select, more striking, more delightful, more terrible, etc., than those of ordinary nature. It is the higher exercise of the two. It creates by laws more closely connected with the reason; it has strong emotion as its actuating and formative cause; it aims at results of a definite and weighty character. Milton's fiery lake, the debates of his Pandemonium, the exquisite scenes of his Paradise, are all products of the imagination. Fancy moves on a lighter wing; it is governed by laws of association which are more remote, and sometimes arbitrary or capricious. Hence the term fanciful, which exhibits fancy in its wilder flights. It has for its actuating spirit feelings of a lively, gay, and versatile character; it seeks to please by unexpected combinations of thought, startling contrasts, flashes of brilliant imagery, etc. Pope's Rape of the Lock is an exhibition of fancy which has scarcely its equal in the literature of any country. -- "This, for instance, Wordworth did in respect of the words \'bfimagination' and \'bffancy.' Before he wrote, it was, I suppose, obscurely felt by most that in \'bfimagination' there was more of the earnest, in \'bffancy' of the play of the spirit; that the first was a loftier faculty and gift than the second; yet for all this words were continually, and not without loss, confounded. He first, in the preface to his Lyrical Ballads, rendered it henceforth impossible that any one, who had read and mastered what he has written on the two words, should remain unconscious any longer of the important difference between them." Trench. The same power, which we should call fancy if employed on a production of a light nature, would be dignified with the title of imagination if shown on a grander scale. C. J. Smith. _________________________________________________________________ Page 730 Imaginational Im*ag`i*na"tion*al (?), a. Pertaining to, involving, or caused by, imagination. Imaginationalism Im*ag`i*na"tion*al*ism (?), n. Idealism. J. Grote. Imaginative Im*ag"i*na*tive (?), a. [F. imaginatif.] 1. Proceeding from, and characterized by, the imagination, generally in the highest sense of the word. In all the higher departments of imaginative art, nature still constitues an important element. Mure. 2. Given to imagining; full of images, fancies, etc.; having a quick imagination; conceptive; creative. Milton had a highly imaginative, Cowley a very fanciful mind. Coleridge. 3. Unreasonably suspicious; jealous. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- Im*ag"i*na*tive*ly, adv. -- Im*ag"i*na*tive*ness, n. Imagine Im*ag"ine (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imagined (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Imagining.] [F. imaginer, L. imaginari, p.p. imaginatus, fr. imago image. See Image.] 1. To form in the mind a notion or idea of; to form a mental image of; to conceive; to produce by the imagination. In the night, imagining some fear, How easy is a bush supposed a bear! Shak. 2. To contrive in purpose; to scheme; to devise; to compass; to purpose. See Compass, v. t., 5. How long will ye imagine mischief against a man? Ps. lxii. 3. 3. To represent to one's self; to think; to believe. Shak. Syn. -- To fancy; conceive; apprehend; think; believe; suppose; opine; deem; plan; scheme; devise. Imagine Im*ag"ine, v. i. 1. To form images or conceptions; to conceive; to devise. 2. To think; to suppose. My sister is not so defenseless left As you imagine. Milton. Imaginer Im*ag"in*er (?), n. One who forms ideas or conceptions; one who contrives. Bacon. Imaginous Im*ag"in*ous (?), a. Imaginative. [R.] Chapman. Imago I*ma"go (?), n.; pl. Imagoes (#). [L. See Image.] 1. An image. 2. (Zo\'94l.) The final adult, and usually winged, state of an insect. See Illust. of Ant-lion, and Army worm. Imam, Iman, Imaum I*mam" (?), I*man" (?), I*maum" (?), n. [Ar. im\'bem.] 1. Among the Mohammedans, a minister or priest who performs the regular service of the mosque. 2. A Mohammedan prince who, as a successor of Mohammed, unites in his person supreme spiritual and temporal power. Imaret I*ma"ret (?), n. [Turk., fr. Ar. 'im\'bera.] A lodging house for Mohammedan pilgrims. Moore. Imbalm Im*balm" (?), v. t. See Embalm. Imban Im*ban" (?), v. t. To put under a ban. [R.] Barlow. Imband Im*band" (?), v. t. To form into a band or bands. "Imbanded nations." J. Barlow. Imbank Im*bank" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imbanked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Imbanking.] [Pref. im- in + bank. Cf. Embank.] To inclose or defend with a bank or banks. See Embank. Imbankment Im*bank"ment (?), n. The act of surrounding with a bank; a bank or mound raised for defense, a roadway, etc.; an embankment. See Embankment. Imbannered Im*ban"nered (?), a. Having banners. Imbar Im*bar" (?), v. t. To bar in; to secure. [Obs.] To imbar their crooked titles. Shak. Imbargo Im*bar"go (?), n. See Embargo. Imbark Im*bark" (?), v. i. & t. See Embark. Imbarn Im*barn" (?), v. t. To store in a barn. [Obs.] Imbase Im*base" (?), v. t. See Embase. Imbase Im*base", v. i. To diminish in value. [Obs.] Hales. Imbastardize Im*bas"tard*ize (?), v. t. To bastardize; to debase. [Obs.] Milton. Imbathe Im*bathe" (?), v. t. [Pref. im- in + bathe. Cf. Embathe.] To bathe; to wash freely; to immerce. And gave her to his daughters to imbathe In nectared lavers strewed with asphodel. Milton. Imbay Im*bay" (?), v. t. See Embay. Imbecile Im"be*cile (?), a. [L. imbecillis, and imbecillus; of unknown origin: cf. F. imb\'82cile.] Destitute of strength, whether of body or mind; feeble; impotent; esp., mentally wea; feeble-minded; as, hospitals for the imbecile and insane. Syn. -- Weak; feeble; feeble-minded; idiotic. Imbecile Im"be*cile, n. One destitute of strength; esp., one of feeble mind. Imbecile Im"be*cile, v. t. To weaken; to make imbecile; as, to imbecile men's courage. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor. Imbecilitate Im`be*cil"i*tate (?), v. t. To weaken, as to the body or the mind; to enfeeble. [R.] A. Wilson. Imbecility Im`be*cil"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Imbecilities (#). [L. imbecillitas: cf. F. imb\'82cillit\'82.] The quality of being imbecile; weakness; feebleness, esp. of mind. Cruelty . . . argues not only a depravedness of nature, but also a meanness of courage and imbecility of mind. Sir W. Temple. NOTE: &hand; Th is te rm is us ed sp ecifically to denote natural weakness of the mental faculties, affecting one's power to act reasonably or intelligently. Syn. -- Debility; infirmity; weakness; feebleness; impotence. See Debility. Imbed Im*bed" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imbedded (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Imbedding.] [Pref. im- in + bed. Cf. Embed.] To sink or lay, as in a bed; to deposit in a partly inclosing mass, as of clay or mortar; to cover, as with earth, sand, etc. Imbellic Im*bel"lic (?), a. [L. imbellis; pref. im- = in- not + bellum war; cf. bellicus warlike.] Not warlike or martial. [Obs.] R. Junius. Imbenching Im*bench"ing (?), n. [Pref. im- in + bench.] A raised work like a bench. [Obs.] Parkhurst. Imber-goose Im"ber-goose` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The loon. See Ember-goose. Imbezzle Im*bez"zle (?), v. t. [Obs.] See Embezzle. Imbibe Im*bibe" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imbibed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Imbibing.] [L. imbibere; pref. im- in + bibere to drink: cf. F. imbiber. Cf. Bib, Imbue, Potable.] 1. To drink in; to absorb; to suck or take in; to receive as by drinking; as, a person imbibes drink, or a sponge imbibes moisture. 2. To receive or absorb into the mind and retain; as, to imbibe principles; to imbibe errors. 3. To saturate; to imbue. [Obs.] "Earth, imbibed with . . . acid." Sir I. Newton. Imbiber Im*bib"er (?), n. One who, or that which, imbibes. Imbibition Im`bi*bi"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. imbibition.] The act or process of imbibing, or absorbing; as, the post-mortem imbibition of poisons. Bacon. Imbitter Im*bit"ter (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imbittered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Imbittering.] [Pref. im- in + bitter. Cf. Embitter.] [Written also embitter.] To make bitter; hence, to make distressing or more distressing; to make sad, morose, sour, or malignant. Is there anything that more imbitters the enjoyment of this life than shame? South. Imbittered against each other by former contests. Bancroft. Imbitterer Im*bit"ter*er (?), n. One who, or that which, imbitters. Imbitterment Im*bit"ter*ment (?), n. The act of imbittering; bitter feeling; embitterment. Imblaze Im*blaze" (?), v. t. See Emblaze. Imblazon Im*bla"zon (?), v. t. See Emblazon. Imbody Im*bod"y (?), v. i. [See Embody.] To become corporeal; to assume the qualities of a material body. See Embody. The soul grows clotted by contagion, Imbodies, and imbrutes. Milton. Imboil Im*boil" (?), v. t. & i. [Obs.] See Emboil. Imbolden Im*bold"en (?), v. t. See Embolden. Imbonity Im*bon"i*ty (?), n. [Pref. im- not + L. bonitas goodness.] Want of goodness. [Obs.] Burton. Imborder Im*bor"der (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imbordered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Imbordering.] [Pref. im- in + border. Cf. Emborder.] To furnish or inclose with a border; to form a border of. Milton. Imbosk Im*bosk" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imbosked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Imbosking.] [CF. It. imboscare to imbosk, imboscarsi to retire into a wood; pref. im- in + bosco wood. See Boscage, and cf. Ambush.] To conceal, as in bushes; to hide. [Obs.] Shelton. Imbosk Im*bosk", v. i. To be concealed. [R.] Milton. Imbosom Im*bos"om (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imbosomed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Imbosoming.] [Pref. im- in + bosom. Cf. Embosom.] 1. To hold in the bosom; to cherish in the heart or affection; to embosom. 2. To inclose or place in the midst of; to surround or shelter; as, a house imbosomed in a grove. "Villages imbosomed soft in trees." Thomson. The Father infinite, By whom in bliss imbosomed sat the Son. Milton. Imboss Im*boss" (?), v. t. See Emboss. Imbosture Im*bos"ture (?), n. [See Emboss.] Embossed or raised work. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. Imbound Im*bound" (?), v. t. To inclose in limits; to shut in. [Obs.] Shak. Imbow Im*bow" (?), v. t. [Pref. im- in + bow. Cf. Embow.] To make like a bow; to curve; to arch; to vault; to embow. "Imbowed windows." Bacon. Imbowel Im*bow"el (?), v. t. See Embowel. Imbower Im*bow"er (?), v. t. & i. See Embower. Imbowment Im*bow"ment (?), n. act of imbowing; an arch; a vault. Bacon. Imbox Im*box" (?), v. t. To inclose in a box. Imbracery Im*bra"cer*y (?), n. Embracery. [Obs.] Imbraid Im*braid" (?), v. t. [Obs.] See Embraid. Imbrangle Im*bran"gle (?), v. t. To entangle as in a cobweb; to mix confusedly. [R.] Hudibras. Physiology imbrangled with an inapplicable logic. Coleridge. Imbreed Im*breed" (?), v. t. [Cf. Inbreed.] To generate within; to inbreed. [Obs.] Hakewill. Imbricate, Imbricated Im"bri*cate (?), Im"bri*ca`ted (?), a. [L. imbricatus, p.p. of imbricare to cover with tiles, to form like a gutter tile, fr. imbrex, -icis, a hollow tile, gutter tile, fr. imber rain.] 1. Bent and hollowed like a roof or gutter tile. 2. Lying over each other in regular order, so as to "break joints," like tiles or shingles on a roof, the scales on the leaf buds of plants and the cups of some acorns, or the scales of fishes; overlapping each other at the margins, as leaves in \'91stivation. 3. In decorative art: Having scales lapping one over the other, or a representation of such scales; as, an imbricated surface; an imbricated pattern. Imbricate Im"bri*cate (?), v. t. To lay in order, one lapping over another, so as to form an imbricated surface. Imbrication Im`bri*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. imbrication.] An overlapping of the edges, like that of tiles or shingles; hence, intricacy of structure; also, a pattern or decoration representing such a structure. Imbricative Im"bri*ca*tive (?), a. (Bot.) Imbricate. Imbrocado Im`bro*ca"do (?), n.; pl. Imbrocadoes (#). [See Brocade.] Cloth of silver or of gold. [R.] Imbrocata, Imbroccata Im`bro*ca"ta (?), Im`broc*ca"ta, n. [It. imbroccata.] A hit or thrust. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Imbroglio Im*brogl"io (?), n.; pl. Imbroglios (#). [Written also embroglio.] [It. See 1st Broil, and cf. Embroil.] 1. An intricate, complicated plot, as of a drama or work of fiction. 2. A complicated and embarrassing state of things; a serious misunderstanding. Wrestling to free itself from the baleful imbroglio. Carlyle. Imbrown Im*brown" (?), v. t. [Pref. im- in + brown. Cf. Embrown.] To make brown; to obscure; to darken; to tan; as, features imbrowned by exposure. The mountain mass by scorching skies imbrowned. Byron. Imbrue Im*brue" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imbureed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Imbureing.] [Cf. OF. embruer, also embruver, embreuver, embrever, to give to drink, soak (see pref. En-, 1, 1st In-, and Breverage), but also OE. enbrewen, enbrowen, to stain, soil (cf. Brewis).] To wet or moisten; to soak; to drench, especially in blood. While Darwen stream, will blood of Scots imbrued. Milton. Imbruement Im*brue"ment (?), n. The act of imbruing or state of being imbrued. Imbrute Im*brute" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imbruted; p. pr. & vb. n. Imbruting.] [Pref. im- in + brute: cf. F. abrutir. Cf. Embrute.] To degrade to the state of a brute; to make brutal. And mixed with bestial slime, THis essence to incarnate and imbrute. Milton. Imbrute Im*brute", v. i. To sink to the state of a brute. The soul grows clotted by contagion, Imbodies, and imbrutes, till she quite lose The divine property of her first being. Milton. Imbrutement Im*brute"ment (?), n. The act of imbruting, or the state of being imbruted. [R.] Brydges. Imbue Im*bue" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imbued (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Imbuing.] [L. imbuere; pref. im- in + perh. a disused simple word akin to L. bibere to drink. Cf. Imbibe.] 1. To tinge deeply; to dye; to cause to absorb; as, clothes thoroughly imbued with black. 2. To tincture deply; to cause to become impressed or penetrated; as, to imbue the minds of youth with good principles. Thy words with grace divine Imbued, bring to their sweetness no satiety. Milton. Imbuement Im*bue"ment (?), n. The act of imbuing; the state of being imbued; hence, a deep tincture. Imburse Im*burse" (?), v. t. [Pref. im- in + burse: cf. F. embourser to put into one's purse. See Burse, and Purse.] To supply or stock with money. [Obs.] Imbursement Im*burse"ment (?), n. 1. The act of imbursing, or the state of being imbursed. [Obs.] 2. Money laid up in stock. [Obs.] Imbution Im*bu"tion (?), n. An imbuing. [Obs.] Imesatin I*mes"a*tin (?), n. [Imide + isatin.] (Chem.) A dark yellow, crystalline substance, obtained by the action of ammonia on isatin. Imide Im"ide (?), n. (Chem.) A compound with, or derivative of, the imido group; specif., a compound of one or more acid radicals with the imido group, or with a monamine; hence, also, a derivative of ammonia, in which two atoms of hydrogen have been replaced by divalent basic or acid radicals; -- frequently used as a combining form; as, succinimide. Imido Im"i*do (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, containing, or combined with, the radical NH, which is called the imido group. Imido acid, an organic acid, consisting of one or more acid radicals so united with the imido group that it contains replaceable acid hydrogen, and plays the part of an acid; as, uric acid, succinimide, etc., are imido acids. Imitability Im`it*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. [See Imitable.] The quality of being imitable. Norris. _________________________________________________________________ Page 731 Imitable Im"i*ta*ble (?), a. [L. imitabilis: cf. F. imitable. See Imitate.] 1. Capble of being imitated or copied. The characters of man placed in lower stations of life are more usefull, as being imitable by great numbers. Atterbury. 2. Worthy of imitation; as, imitable character or qualities. Sir W. Raleigh. Imitableness Im"i*ta*ble*ness, n. The state or quality of being imitable; worthness of imitation. Imitancy Im"i*tan*cy (?), n. [From L. imitans, p. pr. of imitare.] Tendency to imitation. [R.] Carlyle. Imitate Im"i*tate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imitated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Imitating (?).] [L. imitatus, p. p. of imitari to imitate; of unknown origin. Cf. Image.] 1. To follow as a pattern, model, or example; to copy or strive to copy, in acts, manners etc. Despise wealth and imitate a dog. Cowlay. 2. To produce a semblance or likeness of, in form, character, color, qualities, conduct, manners, and the like; to counterfeit; to copy. A place picked out by choice of best alive The Nature's work by art can imitate. Spenser. This hand appeared a shining sword to weild, And that sustained an imitated shield. Dryden. 3. (Biol.) To resemble (another species of animal, or a plant, or inanimate object) in form, color, ornamentation, or instinctive habits, so as to derive an advantage thereby; sa, when a harmless snake imitates a venomous one in color and manner, or when an odorless insect imitates, in color, one having secretion offensive to birds. Imitation Im"i*ta"tion (?), n. [L. imitatio: cf. F. imitation.] 1. The act of imitating. Poesy is an art of imitation, . . . that is to say, a representing, counterfeiting, or figuring forth. Sir P. Sidney. 2. That which is made or produced as a copy; that which is made to resemble something else, whether for laudable or for fraudulent purposes; likeness; resemblance. Both these arts are not only true imitations of nature, but of the best nature. Dryden. 3. (Mus.) One of the principal means of securing unity and consistency in polyphonic composition; the repetition of essentially the same melodic theme, phrase, or motive, on different degrees of pitch, by one or more of the other parts of voises. Cf. Canon. 4. (Biol.) The act of condition of imitating another species of animal, or a plant, or unanimate object. See Imitate, v. t., 3. NOTE: &hand; Im itation is of ten used adjectively to characterize things which have a deceptive appearance, simulating the qualities of a superior article; -- opposed to real or genuine; as, imitation lace; imitation bronze; imitation modesty, etc. Imitational Im`i*ta"tion*al (?), a. Pertaining to, or employed in, imitation; as, imitational propensities. Imitative Im"i*ta*tive (?), a. [L. imitavitus: cf. F. imitatif.] 1. Inclined to imitate, copy, or follow; imitating; exhibiting some of the qualities or characteristics of a pattern or model; dependent on example; not original; as, man is an imitative being; painting is an imitative art. 2. Formed after a model, pattern, or original. This temple, less in form, with equal grace, Was imitative of the first in Thrace. Dryden. 3. (Nat. Hist.) Designed to imitate another species of animal, or a plant, or inanimate object, for some useful purpose, such as protection from enemies; having resamblance to something else; as, imitative colors; imitative habits; dendritic and mammillary forms of minerals are imitative. -- Im"i*ta*tive*ly, adv. -- Im"i*ta*tive*ness, n. Imitative Im"i*ta*tive, n. (Gram.) A verb expressive of imitation or resemblance. [R.] Imitater Im"i*ta"ter (?), n. [L.] One who imitates. Imitatorship Im"i*ta`tor*ship, n. The state or office of an imitator. "Servile imitatorship." Marston. Imitatress Im"i*ta`tress (?), n. A woman who is an imitator. Imitatrix Im"i*ta`trix (?), n. An imitatress. Immaculate Im*mac"u*late (?), a. [L. immaculatus; pref. im- not + maculatus, p. p. of maculare to spot, stane, fr. macula spot. See Mail armor.] Without stain or blemish; spotless; undefiled; clear; pure. Were but my soul as pure From other guilt as that, Heaven did not hold One more immaculate. Denham. Thou sheer, immaculate and silver fountain. Shak. Immaculate conception (R. C. Ch.), the doctrine that the Virgin Mary was conceived without original sin. -- Im*mac"u*late*ly, adv. -- Im*mac"u*late*ness, n. Immailed Im*mailed" (?), a. Wearing mail or armor; clad of armor. W. Browne. Immalleable Im*mal"le*a*ble (?), a. Not maleable. Immanacle Im*man"a*cle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Immanacled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Immanacling (?).] To manacle; to fetter; hence; to confine; to restrain from free action. Although this corporal rind Thou hast immanacled. Milton. Immanation Im"ma*na"tion (?), n. [Pref. im- in + L. manare to flow; cf. mantio a flowing.] A flowing or entering in; -- opposed to emanation. [R.] Good. Immane Im*mane" (?), a. [L. immanis.] Very great; huge; vast; also, monstrous in character; inhuman; atrocious; fierce. [Obs.] "So immane a man." Chapman. -- Im*mane"ly, adv. [Obs.] Immanence, Immanency Im"ma*nence (?), Im"ma*nen*cy (?), n. The condition or quality of being immanent; inherence; an indwelling. [Clement] is mainly concerned in enforcing the immanence of God. Christ is everywhere presented by him as Deity indwelling in the world. A. V. G. Allen. Immanent Im"ma*nent (?), a. [L. immanens, p. pr. of immanere to remain in or near; pref. im- in + manere to remain: cf. F. immanent.] Remaining within; inherent; indwelling; abiding; intrinsic; internal or subjective; hence, limited in activity, agency, or effect, to the subject or associated acts; -- opposed to emanant, transitory, transitive, or objective. A cognition is an immanent act of mind. Sir W. Hamilton. An immanent power in the life of the world. Hare. Immanifest Im*man"i*fest (?), a. Not manifest. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Immanity Im*man"i*ty (?), n. [L. immanitas.] The state or quality of being immane; barbarity. [R.] Shak. Immantle Im*man"tle (?), v. t. See Emmantle. [R.] Immanuel Im*man"u*el (?), n. [Heb. 'imm\'ben, fr. 'im with + \'ben us + \'c7l God.] God with us; -- an appellation of the Christ. Is. vii. 14. Matt. i. 23. Immarcescible Im`mar*ces"ci*ble (?), a. [L. immarcescibilis; pref. im- not + marcescere to fade: cf. F. immarcescible.] Unfading; lasting. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Immarcescibly Im`mar*ces"ci*bly, adv. Unfadingly. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Immarginate Im*mar"gin*ate (?), a. (Bot.) Not having a distinctive margin or border. Grey. Immartial Im*mar"tial (?), a. Not martial; unwarlike. [Obs.] Immask Im*mask" (?), v. t. To cover, as with a mask; to disguise or conceal. [R.] Shak. Immatchable Im*match"a*ble (?), a. Matchless; peerless. [Obs.] Holland. Immaterrial Im"ma*ter"ri*al (?), a. [Pref. im- not + material: cf. F. immat\'82riel.] 1. Not consisting of matter; incorporeal; spiritual; disembodied. Angels are spirits immaterial and intellectual. Hooker. 2. Of no substantial consequence; without weight or significance; unimportant; as, it is wholly immaterial whether he does so or not. Syn. -- Unimportant; inconsequential; insignificant; inconsiderable; trifling. Immaterialism Im`ma*te"ri*al*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. immat\'82rialisme.] 1. The doctrine that immaterial substances or spiritual being exist, or are possible. 2. (Philos.) The doctrine that external bodies may be reduced to mind and ideas in a mind; any doctrine opposed to materialism or phenomenalism, esp. a system that maintains the immateriality of the soul; idealism; esp., Bishop Berkeley's theory of idealism. Immaterialist Im`ma*te"ri*al*ist, n. [Cf. F. immat\'82rialiste.] (Philos.) One who believes in or professes, immaterialism. Immateriality Im`ma*te`ri*al"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Immaterialities (#). [Cf. F. immat\'82rialit\'82.] The state or quality of being immaterial or incorporeal; as, the immateriality of the soul. Immaterialize Im`ma*te"ri*al*ize (?), v. t. [Cf. F. immat\'82rialiser.] To render immaterial or incorporeal. Immateralized spirits. Glanvill. Immaterially Im`ma*te"ri*al*ly, adv. 1. In an immaterial manner; without matter or corporeal substance. 2. In an unimportant manner or degree. Immaterialness Im`ma*te"ri*al*ness, n. The state or quality of being immaterial; immateriality. Immateriate Im`ma*te"ri*ate (?), a. Immaterial. [Obs.] Bacon. Immature Im`ma*ture" (?), a. [L. immaturus; pref. im- not + maturus mature, ripe. See Mature.] 1. Not mature; unripe; not arrived at perfection of full development; crude; unfinished; as, immature fruit; immature character; immature plans. "An ill-measured and immature counsel." Bacon. 2. Premature; untimely; too early; as, an immature death. [R.] Jer. Taylor. Immatured Im`ma*tured" (?), a. Immature. Immaturely Im`ma*ture"ly (?), adv. In an immature manner. Warburion. Immatureness Im`ma*ture"ness, n. The state or quality of being immature; immaturity. Boyle. Immaturity Im`ma*tu"ri*ty (?), n. [L. immaturitas: cf. F. immaturit\'82.] The state or quality of being immature or not fully developed; unripeness; incompleteness. When the world has outgrown its intellectual immaturity. Caird. Immeability Im`me*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Pref. im- not + L. meabilis passable, fr. meare to pass.] Want of power to pass, or to permit passage; impassableness. Immeability of the juices. Arbuthnot. Immeasurability Im*meas`ur*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being immeasurable; immensurability. Immeasurable Im*meas"ur*a*ble (?), a. [Pref. im- not + measurable: cf. F. measurable. Cf. Immensurable, Unmeasurable.] Incapble of being measured; indefinitely extensive; illimitable; immensurable; vast. Of depth immeasurable. Milton. Immeasurableness Im*meas"ur*a*ble*ness, n. The state or quality of being immeasurable. Eternity and immeasurableness belong to thought alone. F. W. Robertson. Immeasurably Im*meas"ur*a*bly, adv. In an immeasurable manner or degree. "Immeasurably distant." Wordsworth. Immeasured Im*meas"ured (?), a. Immeasurable. [R.] Spenser. Immechanical Im`me*chan"ic*al (?), a. Not mechanical. [Obs.] Cheyne. -- Im"me*chan"ic*al*ly, adv. [Obs.] Immediacy Im*me"di*a*cy (?), n. The relation of freedom from the interventionof a medium; immediateness. Shak. Immediate Im*me"di*ate (?), a. [F. imm\'82diat. See In- not, and Mediate.] 1. Not separated in respect to place by anything intervening; proximate; close; as, immediate contact. You are the most immediate to our throne. Shak. 2. Not deferred by an interval of time; present; instant. "Assemble we immediate council." Shak. Death . . . not yet inflicted, as he feared, By some immediate stroke. Milton. 3. Acting with nothing interposed or between, or without the intervention of another object as a cause, means, or agency; acting, perceived, or produced, directly; as, an immediate cause. The immediate knowledge of the past is therefore impossible. Sir. W. Hamilton. Immediate amputation (Surg.), an amputation performed within the first few hours after an injury, and before the the effects of the shock have passed away. Syn. -- Proximate; close; direct; next. Immediately Im*me"di*ate*ly (?), adv. 1. In an immediate manner; without intervention of any other person or thing; proximately; directly; -- opposed to mediately; as, immediately contiguous. God's acceptance of it either immediately by himself, or mediately by the hands of the bishop. South. 2. Without interval of time; without delay; promptly; instantly; at once. And Jesus . . . touched him, saying, I will; be thou clean. And immediately his leprosy was cleansed. Matt. viii. 3. 3. As soon as. Cf. Directly, 8, Note. Syn. -- Directly; instantly; quickly; forthwith; straightway; presently. See Directly. Immediateness Im*me"di*ate*ness, n. The quality or relations of being immediate in manner, place, or time; exemption from second or interventing causes. Bp. Hall. Immedeatism Im*me"de*a*tism (?), n. Immediateness. Immedicable Im*med"i*ca*ble (?), a. [L. Immedicabilis. See In- not, and Medicable.] Not to be healed; incurable. "Wounds immedicable." Milton. Immelodious Im`me*lo"di*ous (?), a. Not melodious. Immemorable Im*mem"o*ra*ble (?), a. [L. immemorabilis; pref. im- not + memorabilis memorable: cf. F. imm\'82morable. See Memorable.] Not memorable; not worth remembering. Johnson. Immemorial Im`me*mo"ri*al (?), a. [Pref. im- not + memorial: cf. F. imm\'82morial.] Extending beyond the reach of memory, record, or tradition; indefinitely ancient; as, existing from time immemorial. "Immemorial elms." Tennyson. "Immemorial usage or custom." Sir M. Hale. Time immemorial (Eng. Law.), a time antedating (legal) history, and beyond "legal memory" so called; formerly an indefinite time, but in 1276 this time was fixed by statute as the begining of the reign of Richard I. (1189). Proof of unbroken possession or use of any right since that date made it unnecessary to establish the original grant. In 1832 the plan of dating legal memory from a fixed time was abandoned and the principle substituted that rights which had been enjoyed for full twenty years (or as against the crown thirty years) should not be liable to impeachment merely by proving that they had not been enjoyed before. Immemorially Im`me*mo"ri*al*ly, adv. Beyond memory. Bentley. Immense Im*mense" (?), a. [L. immensus; pref. im- not + mensus, p. p. of metiri to measure: cf. F. immense. See Measure.] Immeasurable; unlimited. In commonest use: Very great; vast; huge. "Immense the power" Pope. "Immense and boundless ocean." Daniel. O Goodness infinite! Goodness immense! Milton. Syn. -- Infinite; immeasurable; illimitable; unbounded; unlimited; interminable; vast; prodigious; enormous; monstrous. See Enormous. Immensely Im*mense"ly, adv. In immense manner or degree. Immenseness Im*mense"ness, n. The state of being immense. Immensible Im*men"si*ble (?), a. [Immense + -ible.] Immeasurable. [Obs.] Davies. Immensity Im*men"si*ty (?), n.; pl. Immensities (#). [L. immensitas: cf. F. immensit\'82.] The state or quality of being immense; inlimited or immeasurable extension; infinity; vastness in extent or bulk; greatness. Lost in the wilds of vast immensity. Blackmore. The immensity of the material system. I. Taylor. Immensive Im*men"sive (?), a. Huge. [Obs.] Herrick. Immensurability Im*men`su*ra*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being immensurable. Immensurable Im*men"su*ra*ble (?), a. [Pref. im- not + L. mensurabilis measurable: cf. F. immensurable. Cf. Immeasurable.] Immeasurable. What an immensurable space is the firmament. Derham. Immensurate Im*men"su*rate (?), a. [Pref. im- not + mensurate.] Unmeasured; unlimited. [R.] W. Montagu. Immerge Im*merge" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Immerged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Immerging (?).] [L. immergere; pref. im- in + mergere to dip, plunge: cf. F. immerger. See Merge, and cf. Immerse.] To plungel into, under, or within anything especially a fuid; to dip; to immerse. See Immerse. We took . . . lukewarm water, and in it immerged a quantity of the leaves of senna. Boyle. Their souls are immerged in matter. Jer. Taylor. Immerge Im*merge" (?), v. i. To dissapear by entering into any medium, as a star into the light of the sun. [R.] Immerit Im*mer"it (?), n. Want of worth; demerit. [R.] Suckling. Immerited Im*mer"it*ed, a. Unmerited. [Obs.] Charles I. Immeritous Im*mer"it*ous (?), a. [L. immeritus; pref. im- not + meritus, p. p. of merere, mereri, to deserve.] Undeserving. [Obs.] Milton. Immersable Im*mers"a*ble (?), a. See Immersible. Immerse Im*merse" (?), a. [L. immersus, p. p. of immergere. See Immerge.] Immersed; buried; hid; sunk. [Obs.] "Things immerse in matter." Bacon. Immerse Im*merse", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Immersed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Immersing.] 1. To plunge into anything that surrounds or covers, especially into a fluid; to dip; to sink; to bury; to immerge. Deep immersed beneath its whirling wave. J Warton. More than a mile immersed within the wood. Dryden. 2. To baptize by immersion. 3. To engage deeply; to engross the attention of; to involve; to overhelm. The queen immersed in such a trance. Tennyson. It is impossible to have a lively hope in another life, and yet be deeply immersed inn the enjoyments of this. Atterbury. _________________________________________________________________ Page 732 Immersed Im*mersed" (?), p. p. & a. 1. Deeply plunged into anything, especially a fluid. 2. Deeply occupied; engrossed; entangled. 3. (Bot.) Growing wholly under water. Gray. Immersible Im*mers"i*ble (?), a. [From Immerse.] Capable of being immersed. Immersible Im*mers"i*ble, a. [Pref. im- not + L. mersus, p. p. of mergere to plunge.] Not capable of being immersed. Immersion Im*mer"sion (?), n. [L. immersio; cf. F. immersion.] 1. The act of immersing, or the state of being immersed; a sinking within a fluid; a dipping; as, the immersion of Achilles in the Styx. 2. Submersion in water for the purpose of Christian baptism, as, practiced by the Baptists. 3. The state of being overhelmed or deeply absorbed; deep engagedness. Too deep an immersion in the affairs of life. Atterbury. 4. (Astron.) The dissapearance of a celestail body, by passing either behind another, as in the occultation of a star, or into its shadow, as in the eclipse of a satellite; -- opposed to emersion. Immersion lens, a microscopic objective of short focal distance designed to work with a drop of liquid, as oil, between the front lens and the slide, so that this lens is practically immersed. Immersionist Im*mer"sion*ist, n. (Eccl.) One who holds the doctrine that immersion is essential to Christian baptism. Immesh Im*mesh" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Immeshed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Immeshing.] [Pref. im- in + mesh. Cf. Inmesh.] To catch or entangle in, or as in, the meshes of a net. or in a web; to insnare. Immethodical Im`me*thod"ic*al (?), a. Not methodical; without method or systematic arrangement; without order or regularity; confused. Addison. Syn. -- Irregular; confused; disoderly; unsystematic; desultory. Immethodically Im`me*thod"ic*al*ly, adv. Without method; confusedly; unsystematically. Immethodicalness Im`me*thod"ic*al*ness, n. Want of method. Immethodize Im*meth"od*ize (?), v. t. To render immethodical; to destroy the method of; to confuse. [R.] Immetrical Im*met"ric*al (, a. Not metrical or rhythmical. [R.] Chapman. Immew Im*mew" (?), v. t. See Emmew. Immigrant Im"mi*grant (?), n. [L. immigrans, p. pr. of immigrare to go into: cf. F. immigrant. See Immigrate.] One who immigrates; one who comes to a country for the purpose of permanent residence; -- correlative of emigrant. Syn. -- See Emigrant. Immigrate Im"mi*grate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Immigrated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Immigrating (?).] [L. immigrare, immigratum, to immigrate; pref. im- in + migrare to migrate. See Migrate.] To come into a country of which one is not a native, for the purpose of permanent residence. See Emigrate. Immigration Im"mi*gra"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. immigration.] The act of immigrating; the passing or coming into a country for the purpose of permanent residence. The immigrations of the Arabians into Europe. T. Warton. Imminence Im"mi*nence (?), n. [Cf. F. imminence, L. imminentia, See Imminent.] 1. The condition or quality of being imminent; a threatening, as of something about to happen. The imminence of any danger or distress. Fuller. 2. That which is imminent; impending evil or danger. "But dare all imminence." Shak. Imminent Im"mi*nent (?), a. [L. imminens, p. pr. of imminere to project; pref. im- in + minere (in comp.) to jut, project. See Eminent.] 1. Threatening to occur immediately; near at hand; impending; -- said especially of misfortune or peril. "In danger imminent." Spenser. 2. Full of danger; threatening; menacing; perilous. Hairbreadth scapes i' the imminent deadly breach. Shak. 3. (With upon) Bent upon; attentive to. [R.] Their eyes ever imminent upon worldly matters. Milton. Syn. -- Impending; threatening; near; at hand. -- Imminent, Impending, Threatening. Imminent is the strongest: it denotes that something is ready to fall or happen on the instant; as, in imminent danger of one's life. Impending denotes that something hangs suspended over us, and may so remain indefinitely; as, the impending evils of war. Threatening supposes some danger in prospect, but more remote; as, threatening indications for the future. Three times to-day You have defended me from imminent death. Shak. No story I unfold of public woes, Nor bear advices of impending foes. Pope. Fierce faces threatening war. Milton. Imminently Im"mi*nent*ly, adv. In an imminent manner. Immingle Im*min"gle (?), v. t. To mingle; to mix; to unite; to blend. [R.] Thomson. Imminution Im`mi*nu"tion (?), n. [L. imminutio, fr. imminuere, imminutum, to lessen; pref. im- in + minuere.] A lessening; diminution; decrease. [R.] Ray. Immiscibility Im*mis"ci*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. immiscibilit\'82.] Incapability of being mixed, or mingled. Immiscible Im*mis"ci*ble (?), a. [Pref. im- not + miscible: cf. F. immiscible.] Not capable of being mixed or mingled. A chaos of immiscible and conflicting particles. Cudworth. Immission Im*mis"sion (?), n. [L. immissio: cf. F. immission. See Immit.] The act of immitting, or of sending or thrusting in; injection; -- the correlative of emission. Immit Im*mit" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Immitted; p. pr. & vb. n. Immiting.] [L. immittere, immissum; pref. im- in + mittere to send.] To send in; to inject; to infuse; -- the correlative of emit. [R.] Boyle. Immitigable Im*mit"i*ga*ble (?), a. [L. immitigabilis; fr. pref. im- not + mitigare to mitigate.] Not capable of being mitigated, softened, or appeased. Coleridge. Immitigably Im*mit"i*ga*bly (?), adv. In an immitigable manner. Immix Im*mix" (?), v. t. [Pref. in- in + mix.] To mix; to mingle. [R.] Amongst her tears immixing prayers meek. Spenser. Immixable Im*mix"a*ble (?), a. Not mixable. Bp. Wilkins. Immixed Im*mixed" (?), a. [Pref. in- not + mixed, p. p. of mix.] Unmixed. [Obs.] How pure and immixed the design is. Boyle. Immixture Im*mix"ture (?), n. Freedom from mixture; purity. [R.] W. Montagu. Immobile Im*mo"bile (?), a. [L. immobilis: cf. F. immobile. See Immobility.] Incapable of being moved; immovable; fixed; stable. Prof. Shedd. Immobility Im`mo*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L. immobilitas, fr. immobilis immovable; pref. im- not + mobilis movable: cf. F. immobilit\'82. See Mobile.] The condition or quality of being immobile; fixedness in place or state. Immobilize Im*mob"i*lize (?), v. t. [Pref. im- in + mobilize; cf. f. immobiliser.] To make immovable; in surgery, to make immovable (a naturally mobile part, as a joint) by the use of splints, or stiffened bandages. Immoble Im*mo"ble (?), a. [Obs.] See Immobile. Immoderacy Im*mod"er*a*cy (?), n. [From Immoderate.] Immoderateness. [R.] Sir T. Browne. Immoderancy Im*mod"er*an*cy (?), n. [L. immoderantia.] Immoderateness; excess. [R.] Sir T. Browne. Immoderate Im*mod"er*ate (?), a. [L. immoderatus; pref. im- not + moderatus moderate. See Moderate.] Not moderate; exceeding just or usual and suitable bounds; excessive; extravagant; unreasonable; as, immoderate demands; immoderate grief; immoderate laughter. So every scope by the immoderate use Turns to restraint. Shak. Syn. -- Excessive; exorbitant; unreasonable; extravagant; intemperate; inordinate. Immoderately Im*mod"er*ate*ly, adv. In an immoderate manner; excessively. Immoderateness Im*mod"er*ate*ness, n. The quality of being immoderate; excess; extravagance. Puller. Immoderation Im*mod`er*a"tion (?), n. [L. immoderatio: cf. F. imod\'82ration.] Want of moderation. Hallywell. Immodest Im*mod"est (?), a. [F. immodeste, L. immodestus immoderate; pref. im- not + modestus modest. See Modest.] 1. Not limited to due bounds; immoderate. 2. Not modest; wanting in the reserve or restraint which decorum and decency require; indecent; indelicate; obscene; lewd; as, immodest persons, behavior, words, pictures, etc. Immodest deeds you hinder to be wrought, But we proscribe the least immodest thought. Dryden. Syn. -- Indecorous; indelicate; shameless; shameful; impudent; indecent; impure; unchaste; lewd; obscene. Immodestly Im*mod"est*ly, adv. In an immodest manner. Immodesty Im*mod"es*ty (?), n. [L. immodestia: cf. F. immodestie.] Want of modesty, delicacy, or decent reserve; indecency. "A piece of immodesty." Pope. Immolate Im"mo*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Immolated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Immolating.] [L. immolatus, p. p. of immolare to sacrifice, orig., to sprinkle a victim with sacrifical meal; pref. im- in + mola grits or grains of spelt coarsely ground and mixed with salt; also, mill. See Molar, Meal ground grain.] To sacrifice; to offer in sacrifice; to kill, as a sacrificial victim. Worshipers, who not only immolate to them [the deities] the lives of men, but . . . the virtue and honor of women. Boyle. Immolation Im`mo*la"tion (?), n. [L. immolatio: cf. F. immolation.] 1. The act of immolating, or the state of being immolated, or sacrificed. Sir. T. Browne. 2. That which is immolated; a sacrifice. Immolator Im"mo*la`tor (?), n. [L.] One who offers in sacrifice; specifically, one of a sect of Russian fanatics who practice self-mutilatio and sacrifice. Immold, Immould Im*mold", Im*mould" (?), v. t. To mold into shape, or form. [Obs.] G. Fletcher. Immoment Im*mo"ment (?), a. [See Immomentous.] Trifling. [R.] "Immoment toys." Shak. Immomentous Im`mo*men"tous (?), a. [Pref. im- not + momentous.] Not momentous; unimportant; insignificant. [R.] A. Seward. Immoral Im*mor"al (?), a. [Pref. im- not + moral: cf. F. immoral.] Not moral; inconsistent with rectitude, purity, or good morals; contrary to conscience or the divine law; wicked; unjust; dishonest; vicious; licentious; as, an immoral man; an immoral deed. Syn. -- Wicked; sinful; criminal; vicious; unjust; dishonest; depraved; impure; unchaste; profligate; dissolute; abandoned; licentious; lewd; obscene. Immorality Im`mo*ral"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Immoralities (#). [Cf. F. immoralit\'82.] 1. The state or quality of being immoral; vice. The root of all immorality. Sir W. Temple. 2. An immoral act or practice. Luxury and sloth and then a great drove of heresies and immoralities broke loose among them. Milton. Immorally Im*mor"al*ly (?), adv. In an immoral manner; wickedly. Immorigerous Im`mo*rig"er*ous (?), a. [Pref. im- not + morigerous.] Rude; uncivil; disobedient. [Obs.] -- Im`mo*rig"er*ous*ness, n. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor. Immortal Im*mor"tal (?), a. [L. immortalis; pref. im- not + mortalis mortal: cf. F. immortel. See Mortal, and cf. Immortelle.] 1. Not mortal; exempt from liability to die; undying; imperishable; lasting forever; having unlimited, or eternal, existance. Unto the King eternal, immortal, invisible. 1 Tim. i. 17. For my soul, what can it do to that, Being a thing immortal as itself? Shak. 2. Connected with, or pertaining to immortability. I have immortal longings in me. Shak. 3. Destined to live in all ages of this world; abiding; exempt from oblivion; imperishable; as, immortal fame. One of the few, immortal names, That were not born yo die. Halleck. 4. Great; excessive; grievous. [Obs.] Hayward. Immortal flowers, imortelles; everlastings. Syn. -- Eternal; everlasting; never-ending; ceaseless; perpetual; continual; enduring; endless; imperishable; incorruptible; deathless; undying. Immortal Im*mor"tal (?), n. One who will never cease to be; one exempt from death, decay, or annihilation. Bunyan. Immortalist Im*mor"tal*ist, n. One who holds the doctrine of the immortality of the soul. [R.] Jer. Taylor. Immortality Im`mor*tal"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Immortalities (#). [L. immortalitas: cf. F. immortalit\'82.] 1. The quality or state of being immortal; exemption from death and annihilation; unending existance; as, the immortality of the soul. This mortal must put on immortality. 1 Cor. xv. 53. 2. Exemption from oblivion; perpetuity; as, the immortality of fame. Immortalization Im*mor`tal*i*za"tion (?), n. The act of immortalizing, or state of being immortalized. Immortalize Im*mor"tal*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Immortalized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Immortalizing (?).] [Cf. F. immortaliser.] 1. To render immortal; to cause to live or exist forever. S. Clarke. 2. To exempt from oblivion; to perpetuate in fame. Alexander had no Homer to immortalize his quilty name. T. Dawes. Immortalize Im*mor"tal*ize, v. i. To become immortal. [R.] Immortally Im*mor"tal*ly, adv. In an immortal manner. Immortelle Im`mor*telle" (?), n.; pl. Immortelles (#). [F. See Immortal.] (Bot.) A plant with a conspicuous, dry, unwithering involucre, as the species of Antennaria, Helichrysum, Gomphrena, etc. See Everlasting. Immortification Im*mor`ti*fi*ca"tion (?), n. Failure to mortify the passions. [R.] Jer. Taylor. Immovability Im*mov"a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being immovable; fixedness; steadfastness; as, immovability of a heavy body; immovability of purpose. Immovable Im*mov"a*ble (?), a. 1. Incapable of being moved; firmly fixed; fast; -- used of material things; as, an immovable foundatin. Immovable, infixed, and frozen round. Milton. 2. Steadfast; fixed; unalterable; unchangeable; -- used of the mind or will; as, an immovable purpose, or a man who remain immovable. 3. Not capable of being affected or moved in feeling or by sympathy; unimpressible; impassive. Dryden. 4. (Law.) Not liable to be removed; permanent in place or tenure; fixed; as, an immovable estate. See Immovable, n. Blackstone. Immovable apparatus (Med.), an appliance, like the plaster of paris bandage, which keeps fractured parts firmly in place. -- Immovable feasts (Eccl.), feasts which occur on a certain day of the year and do not depend on the date of Easter; as, Christmas, the Epiphany, etc. Immovable Im*mov"a*ble, n. 1. That which can not be moved. 2. pl. (Civil Law) Lands and things adherent thereto by nature, as trees; by the hand of man, as buildings and their accessories; by their destination, as seeds, plants, manure, etc.; or by the objects to which they are applied, as servitudes. Ayliffe. Bouvier. Immovableness Im*mov"a*ble*ness, n. Quality of being immovable. Immovably Im*mov"a*bly, adv. In an immovable manner. Immund Im*mund" (?), a. [L.immundus; pref. im- not + mundus clean.] Unclean. [R.] Burton. Immundicity Im`mun*dic"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. immondicit\'82, L. immunditia, immundities.] Uncleanness; filthness. [R.] W. Montagu. Immune Im*mune" (?), a. [L. immunis. See Immunity.] Exempt; protected by inoculation. -- Im*mu"nize (#), v. t. Immunity Im*mu"ni*ty (?), n.; pl. Immunities (#). [L. immunitas, fr. immunis free from a public service; pref. im- not + munis complaisant, obliging, cf. munus service, duty: cf. F. immunit\'82. See Common, and cf. Mean, a.] 1. Freedom or exemption from any charge, duty, obligation, office, tax, imposition, penalty, or service; a particular privilege; as, the immunities of the free cities of Germany; the immunities of the clergy. 2. Freedom; exemption; as, immunity from error. Immure Im*mure" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Immured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Immuring.] [Pref. im- in + mure: cf. F. emmurer.] 1. To wall around; to surround with walls. [Obs.] Sandys. 2. To inclose whithin walls, or as within walls; hence, to shut up; to imprison; to incarcerate. Those tender babes Whom envy hath immured within your walls. Shak. This huge convex of fire, Outrageous to devour, immures us round. Milton. Immure Im*mure", n. A wall; an inclosure. [Obs.] Shak. Immurement Im*mure"ment (?), n. The act iif immuring, or the state of being immured; imprsonment. Immusical Im*mu"sic*al (?), a. Inharmonious; unmusical; discordant. Bacon. Immutability Im*mu`ta*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L. immutabilitas: cf. F. immutabilit\'82.] The state or quality of being immutable; immutableness. Heb. vi. 17. Immutable Im*mu"ta*ble (?), a. [L. immutabilis; pref. im- not + mutabilis mutable. See Mutable.] Not mutable; not capable or susceptible of change; unchangeable; unalterable. That by two immutable things, in which it was impossible for God to lie, we might have a strong consolation. Heb. vi. 18. Immutable, immortal, infinite, Eternal King. Milton. -- Im*mu"ta*ble*ness, n. -- Im*mu"ta*bly, adv. _________________________________________________________________ Page 733 Immutate Im*mu"tate (?), a. [L. immutatus, p. p. of immature.] Unchanged. [Obs.] Immutation Im"mu*ta"tion (?), n. [L. immutatio, from immutare, immutatum, to change. See Immute.] Change; alteration; mutation. [R.] Dr. H. More. Immute Im*mute" (?), v. t. [L. immutare, immutatum; perf. im- in + mutare to change : cf. OF. immuter.] To change or alter. [Obs.] J. Salkeld. Imp Imp (?), n. [OE. imp a graft, AS. impa; akin to Dan. ympe, Sw. ymp, prob. fr. LL. impotus, Gr. be. See 1st In-, Be.] 1. A shoot; a scion; a bud; a slip; a graft. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. An offspring; progeny; child; scion. [Obs.] The tender imp was weaned. Fairfax. 3. A young or inferior devil; a little, malignant spirit; a puny demon; a contemptible evil worker. To mingle in the clamorous fray Of squabbling imps. Beattie. 4. Something added to, or united with, another, to lengthen it out or repair it, -- as, an addition to a beehive; a feather inserted in a broken wing of a bird; a length of twisted hair in a fishing line. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Imp Imp, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Imping.] [AS. impian to imp, ingraft, plant; akin to Dan. ympe, Sw. ympa, OHG. impf\'d3n, impit\'d3n, G. impfen. See Imp, n.] 1. To graft; to insert as a scion. [Obs.] Rom. of R. 2. (Falconry) To graft with new feathers, as a wing; to splice a broken feather. Hence, Fig.: To repair; to extend; to increase; to strengthen to equip. [Archaic] Imp out our drooping country's broken wing. Shak. Who lazily imp their wings with other men's plumes. Fuller. Here no frail Muse shall imp her crippled wing. Holmes. Help, ye tart satirists, to imp my rage With all the scorpions that should whip this age. Cleveland. Impacable Im*pa"ca*ble (?), a. [L. pref. im- not + pacare to quiet. See Pacate.] Not to be appeased or quieted. [Obs.] Spenser. -- Im*pa"ca*bly, adv. Impackment Im*pack"ment (?), n. [Pref. im- in + pack.] The state of being closely surrounded, crowded, or pressed, as by ice. [R.] Kane. Impact Im*pact" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impacted; p. pr. & vb. n. Impacting.] [L. impactus, p. p. of impingere to push, strike against. See Impinge.] To drive close; to press firmly together: to wedge into a place. Woodward. Impact Im"pact (?), n. 1. Contact or impression by touch; collision; forcible contact; force communicated. The quarrel, by that impact driven. Southey. 2. (Mech.) The single instantaneous stroke of a body in motion against another either in motion or at rest. Impacted Im*pact"ed (?), a. Driven together or close. Impacted fracture (Surg.), a fracture in which the fragments are driven into each other so as to be immovable. Impaction Im*pac"tion (?), n. [L. impactio a striking : cf. F. impaction.] 1. (Surg.) The driving of one fragment of bone into another so that the fragments are not movable upon each other; as, impaction of the skull or of the hip. 2. An immovable packing; (Med.), a lodgment of something in a strait or passage of the body; as, impaction of the fetal head in the strait of the pelvis; impaction of food or feces in the intestines of man or beast. Impaint Im*paint" (?), v. t. To paint; to adorn with colors. [R.] "To impaint his cause." Shak. Impair Im*pair" (?), v. t. [imp & p. p. Impaired (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Impairing.] [Written also empair.] [OE. empeiren, enpeiren, OF. empeirier, empirier, F. empirer, LL. impejorare; L. pref. im- in + pejorare to make worse, fr. pejor worse. Cf. Appair.] To make worse; to diminish in quantity, value, excellence, or strength; to deteriorate; as, to impair health, character, the mind, value. Time sensibly all things impairs. Roscommon. In years he seemed, but not impaired by years. Pope. Syn. -- To diminish; decrease; injure; weaken; enfeeble; debilitate; reduce; debase; deteriorate. Impair Im*pair", v. t. To grow worse; to deteriorate. Milton. Impair Im"pair (?), a. [F. impair uneven, L. impar; im- not + par equal.] Not fit or appropriate. [Obs.] Impair Im*pair" (?), n. Diminution; injury. [Obs.] Impairer Im*pair"er (?), n. One who, or that which, impairs. Impairment Im*pair"ment (?), n. [OE. enpeirement, OF. empirement.] The state of being impaired; injury. "The impairment of my health." Dryden. Impalatable Im*pal"a*ta*ble (?), a. Unpalatable. [R.] Impale Im*pale" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impaled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Impaling.] [See 2d Empale.] 1. To pierce with a pale; to put to death by fixing on a sharp stake. See Empale. Then with what life remains, impaled, and left To writhe at leisure round the bloody stake. Addison. 2. To inclose, as with pales or stakes; to surround. Impale him with your weapons round about. Shak. Impenetrable, impaled with circling fire. Milton. 3. (Her.) To join, as two coats of arms on one shield, palewise; hence, to join in honorable mention. Ordered the admission of St. Patrick to the same to be matched and impaled with the blessed Virgin in the honor thereof. Fuller. Impalement Im*pale"ment (?), n. 1. The act of impaling, or the state of being impaled. Byron. 2. An inclosing by stakes or pales, or the space so inclosed. H. Brooke. 3. That which hedges in; inclosure. [R.] Milton. 4. (Her.) The division of a shield palewise, or by a vertical line, esp. for the purpose of putting side by side the arms of husband and wife. See Impale, 3. Impalla Im*pal"la (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The pallah deer of South Africa. Impallid Im*pal"lid (?), v. t. To make pallid; to blanch. [Obs.] Feltham. Impalm Im*palm" (?), v. t. To grasp with or hold in the hand. [R.] J. Barlow. Impalpability Im*pal`pa*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. impalpabilit\'82.] The quality of being impalpable. Jortin. Impalpable Im*pal"pa*ble (?), a. [Pref. im- not + palpable: cf. F. impalpable.] 1. Not palpable; that cannot be felt; extremely fine, so that no grit can be perceived by touch. "Impalpable powder." Boyle. 2. Not material; intangible; incorporeal. "Impalpable, void, and bodiless." Holland. 3. Not apprehensible, or readily apprehensible, by the mind; unreal; as, impalpable distinctions. Impalpably Im*pal"pa*bly, adv. In an impalpable manner. Impalsy Im*pal"sy (?), v. t. To palsy; to paralyze; to deaden. [R.] Impanate Im*pa"nate (?), a. [LL. impanatus, p. p. of impanare to impanate; L. pref. im- in + panis bread.] Embodied in bread, esp. in the bread of the eucharist. [Obs.] Cranmer. Impanate Im*pa"nate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impanated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Impanating.] To embody in bread, esp. in the bread of the eucharist. [Obs.] Impanation Im"pa*na"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. impanation. See Impanate, a.] (Eccl.) Embodiment in bread; the supposed real presence and union of Christ's material body and blood with the substance of the elements of the eucharist without a change in their nature; -- distinguished from transubstantiation, which supposes a miraculous change of the substance of the elements. It is akin to consubstantiation. Impanator Im*pa"na*tor (?), n. [LL.] (Eccl.) One who holds the doctrine of impanation. Impanel Im*pan"el (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impaneled (?) or Impanelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Impaneling or Impanelling.] [Pref. im- in + panel. Cf. Empanel.] [Written also empanel.] To enter in a list, or on a piece of parchment, called a panel; to form or enroll, as a list of jurors in a court of justice. Blackstone. Impanelment Im*pan"el*ment (?), n. The act or process of impaneling, or the state of being impaneled. Imparadise Im*par"a*dise (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imparadised (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Imparadising (?).] [Pref. im- + paradise: cf. F. emparadiser.] To put in a state like paradise; to make supremely happy. "Imparadised in one another's arms." Milton. Imparalleled Im*par"al*leled (?), a. Unparalleled. [Obs.] Impardonable Im*par"don*a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. impardonnable.] Unpardonable. [Obs.] South. Imparidigitate Im*par`i*dig"i*tate (?), a. [L. impar unequal + digitus finger.] (Anat.) Having an odd number of fingers or toes, either one, three, or five, as in the horse, tapir, rhinoceros, etc. Imperipinnate Im*per"i*pin"nate (?), a. [L. impar unequal + E. pinnate.] (Bot.) Pinnate with a single terminal leaflet. Imparisyllabic Im*par"i*syl*lab"ic (?), a. [L. impar unequal + E. syllabic: cf. F. imparisyllabique.] (Gram.) Not consisting of an equal number of syllables; as, an imparisyllabic noun, one which has not the same number of syllables in all the cases; as, lapis, lapidis; mens, mentis. Imparity Im*par"i*ty (?), n. [Pref. im- + parity: cf. F. imparit\'82.] 1. Inequality; disparity; disproportion; difference of degree, rank, excellence, number, etc. Milton. 2. Lack of comparison, correspondence, or suitableness; incongruity. In this region of merely intellectual notion we are at once encountered by the imparity of the object and the faculty employed upon it. I. Taylor. 3. Indivisibility into equal parts; oddness. [R.] Impark Im*park" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imparked (?), p. pr. & vb. n. Imparking.] [Cf. Empark.] To inclose for a park; to sever from a common; hence, to inclose or shut up. They . . . impark them [the sheep] within hurdles. Holland. Imparl Im*parl" (?), v. i. [OF. emparler; pref. em- (L. in) + parler to speak. See In, prep., and Parley.] 1. To hold discourse; to parley. [Obs.] Sir. T. North. 2. (Law) To have time before pleading; to have delay for mutual adjustment. Blackstone. Imparlance Im*par"lance (?), n. [Cf. Emparlance, Parlance.] [Written also inparliance.] 1. Mutual discourse; conference. [Obs.] 2. (Law) (a) Time given to a party to talk or converse with his opponent, originally with the object of effecting, if possible, an amicable adjustment of the suit. The actual object, however, has long been merely to obtain further time to plead, answer to the allegations of the opposite party. (b) Hence, the delay or continuance of a suit. NOTE: &hand; Im parlance an d co ntinuance by imparlance have been abolished in England. Wharton (Law Dict. ). Imparsonee Im*par`son*ee" (?), a. [OF. empersone. See 1st In-, and Parson.] (Eng. Eccl. Law) Presented, instituted, and inducted into a rectory, and in full possession. -- n. A clergyman so inducted. Impart Im*part" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imparted; p. pr. & vb. n. Imparting.] [OF. impartir, empartir, L. impartire, impertire; pref. im- in + partire to part, divide, fr. pars, partis, part, share. See Part, n. ] 1. To bestow a share or portion of; to give, grant, or communicate; to allow another to partake in; as, to impart food to the poor; the sun imparts warmth. Well may he then to you his cares impart. Dryden. 2. To obtain a share of; to partake of. [R.] Munday. 3. To communicate the knowledge of; to make known; to show by words or tokens; to tell; to disclose. Gentle lady, When I did first impart my love to you. Shak. Syn. -- To share; yield; confer; convey; grant; give; reveal; disclose; discover; divulge. See Communicate. Impart Im*part" (?), v. i. 1. To give a part or share. He that hath two coats, let him impart to him that hath none. Luke iii. 11. 2. To hold a conference or consultation. Blackstone. Impartance Im*part"ance (?), n. Impartation. Impartation Im`par*ta"tion (?), n. The act of imparting, or the thing imparted. The necessity of this impartation. I. Taylor. Imparter Im*part"er (?), n. One who imparts. Impartial Im*par"tial (?), a. [Pref. im- not + partial: cf. F. impartial.] Not partial; not favoring one more than another; treating all alike; unprejudiced; unbiased; disinterested; equitable; fair; just. Shak. Jove is impartial, and to both the same. Dryden. A comprehensive and impartial view. Macaulay. Impartialist Im*par"tial*ist, n. One who is impartial. [R.] Boyle. Impartiality Im*par`ti*al"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. impartialit\'82.] The quality of being impartial; freedom from bias or favoritism; disinterestedness; equitableness; fairness; as, impartiality of judgment, of treatment, etc. Impartiality strips the mind of prejudice and passion. South. Impartially Im*par"tial*ly (?), a. In an impartial manner. Impartialness Im*par"tial*ness, n. Impartiality. Sir W. Temple. Impartibility Im*part`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being impartible; communicability. Blackstone. Impartibility Im*part`i*bil"i*ty, n. [Cf. F. impartibilit\'82.] The quality of being incapable of division into parts; indivisibility. Holland. Impartible Im*part"i*ble (?), a. [From Impart.] Capable of being imparted or communicated. Impartible Im*part"i*ble, a. [Pref. im- not + partible: cf. F. impartible.] Not partible; not subject to partition; indivisible; as, an impartible estate. Blackatone. Impartment Im*part"ment (?), n. The act of imparting, or that which is imparted, communicated, or disclosed. [R.] It beckons you to go away with it, As if it some impartment did desire To you alone. Shak. Impassable Im*pass"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. Unpassable.] Incapable of being passed; not admitting a passage; as, an impassable road, mountain, or gulf. Milton. -- Im*pass"a*ble*ness, n. -- Im*pass"a*bly, adv. Impassibility Im*pas`si*bil"i*ty (?), a. [L. impassibilitas: cf. F. impassibilit\'82.] The quality or condition of being impassible; insusceptibility of injury from external things. Impassible Im*pas"si*ble (?), a. [L. impassibilis; pref. im- not + passibilis passable: cf. F. impassible. See Passible.] Incapable of suffering; inaccessible to harm or pain; not to be touched or moved to passion or sympathy; unfeeling, or not showing feeling; without sensation. "Impassible to the critic." Sir W. Scott. Secure of death, I should contemn thy dart Though naked, and impassible depart. Dryden. Impassibleness Im*pas"si*ble*ness, n. Impassibility. Impassion Im*pas"sion (?), v. t. [Pref. im- in + passion. Cf. Empassion, Impassionate, v.] To move or affect strongly with passion. [Archaic] Chapman. Impassionable Im*pas"sion*a*ble (?), a. Excitable; susceptible of strong emotion. Impassionate Im*pas"sion*ate (?), a. Strongly affected. Smart. Impassionate Im*pas"sion*ate (?), v. t. To affect powerfully; to arouse the passions of. Dr. H. More. Impassionate Im*pas"sion*ate (?), a. [Pref. im- not + passionate.] Without passion or feeling. Burton. Impassioned Im*pas"sioned (?), p. p. & a. Actuated or characterized by passion or zeal; showing warmth of feeling; ardent; animated; excited; as, an impassioned orator or discourse. Impassive Im*pas"sive (?), a. Not susceptible of pain or suffering; apathetic; impassible; unmoved. Impassive as the marble in the quarry. De Quincey. On the impassive ice the lightings play. Pope. -- Im*pas"sive*ly, adv. -- Im*pas"sive*ness, n. Impassivity Im`pas*siv"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being insusceptible of feeling, pain, or suffering; impassiveness. Impastation Im`pas*ta"tion (?), n. [F. See Impaste.] The act of making into paste; that which is formed into a paste or mixture; specifically, a combination of different substances by means of cements. Impaste Im*paste" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impasted; p. pr. & vb. n. Impasting.] [Pref. im- in + paste: cf. It. impastare, OF. empaster, F. emp\'83ter. See 1st In- and Paste.] 1. To knead; to make into paste; to concrete. "Blood . . . baked and impasted." Shak. 2. (Paint.) To lay color on canvas by uniting them skillfully together. [R.] Cf. Impasto. Impasting Im*past"ing, (Paint.) The laying on of colors to produce impasto. Impasto Im*pas"to (?), n. [It. See Impaste.] (Paint.) The thickness of the layer or body of pigment applied by the painter to his canvas with especial reference to the juxtaposition of different colors and tints in forming a harmonious whole. Fairholt. Impasture Im*pas"ture (?), v. t. To place in a pasture; to foster. [R.] T. Adams. Impatible Im*pat"i*ble (?), a. [L. impatibilis; pref. im- not + patibilis supportable. See Patible.] 1. Not capable of being borne; impassible. A spirit, and so impatible of material fire. Fuller. Impatience Im*pa"tience (?) n. [OE. impacience, F. impatience, fr. L. impatientia.] The quality of being impatient; want of endurance of pain, suffering, opposition, or delay; eagerness for change, or for something expected; restlessness; chafing of spirit; fretfulness; passion; as, the impatience of a child or an invalid. I then, . . . Out of my grief and my impatience, Answered neglectingly. Shak. With huge impatience he inly swelt More for great sorrow that he could not pass, Than for the burning torment which he felt. Spenser. _________________________________________________________________ Page 734 Impatiency Im*pa"tien*cy (?), n. Impatience. [Obs.] Impatiens Im*pa"ti*ens (?), n. [L., impatient.] (Bot.) A genus of plants, several species of which have very beautiful flowers; -- so called because the elastic capsules burst when touched, and scatter the seeds with considerable force. Called also touch-me-not, jewelweed, and snapweed. I. Balsamina (sometimes called lady's slipper) is the common garden balsam. Impatient Im*pa"tient (?), a. [OE. impacient, F. impatient, fr. L. impatiens; pref. im- not + patiens patient. See Patient.] 1. Not patient; not bearing with composure; intolerant; uneasy; fretful; restless, because of pain, delay, or opposition; eager for change, or for something expected; hasty; passionate; -- often followed by at, for, of, and under. A violent, sudden, and impatient necessity. Jer. Taylor. Fame, impatient of extremes, decays Not more by envy than excess of praise. Pope. The impatient man will not give himself time to be informed of the matter that lies before him. Addison. Dryden was poor and impatient of poverty. Macaulay. 2. Not to be borne; unendurable. [Obs.] Spenser. 3. Prompted by, or exhibiting, impatience; as, impatient speeches or replies. Shak. Syn. -- Restless; uneasy; changeable; hot; eager; fretful; intolerant; passionate. Impatient Im*pa"tient, n. One who is impatient. [R.] Impatiently Im*pa"tient*ly, adv. In an impatient manner. Impatronization Im*pat`ron*i*za"tion (?), n. Absolute seignory or possession; the act of investing with such possession. [R.] Cotgrave. Impatronize Im*pat"ron*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impatronized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Impatronizing (?).] To make lord or master; as, to impatronize one's self of a seigniory. [R.] Bacon. Impave Im*pave" (?), v. t. To pave. [Poetic] Impaved with rude fidelity Of art mosaic. Wordsworth. Impavid Im*pav"id (?), a. [L. impavidus. See In- not, and Pavid.] Fearless. -- Im*pav"id*ly, adv. Impawn Im*pawn" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impawned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Impawning.] [Pref. im- + pawn: cf. Empawn.] To put in pawn; to pledge. Shak. Impeach Im*peach" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impeached (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Impeaching.] [OE. empeechier to prevent, hinder, bar, F. emp\'88cher, L. impedicare to entangle; pref. im- in + pedica fetter, fr. pes, pedis, foot. See Foot, and Appeach, Dispatch, Impede.] 1. To hinder; to impede; to prevent. [Obs.] These ungracious practices of his sons did impeach his journey to the Holy Land. Sir J. Davies. A defluxion on my throat impeached my utterance. Howell. 2. To charge with a crime or misdemeanor; to accuse; especially to charge (a public officer), before a competent tribunal, with misbehavior in office; to cite before a tribunal for judgement of official misconduct; to arraign; as, to impeach a judge. See Impeachment. 3. Hence, to charge with impropriety; to dishonor; to bring discredit on; to call in question; as, to impeach one's motives or conduct. And doth impeach the freedom of the state. Shak. 4. (Law) To challenge or discredit the credibility of, as of a witness, or the validity of, as of commercial paper. NOTE: &hand; When used in law with reference to a witness, the term signifies, to discredit, to show or prove unreliable or unworthy of belief; when used in reference to the credit of witness, the term denotes, to impair, to lessen, to disparage, to destroy. The credit of a witness may be impeached by showing that he has made statements out of court contradictory to what he swears at the trial, or by showing that his reputation for veracity is bad, etc. Syn. -- To accuse; arraign; censure; criminate; indict; impair; disparage; discredit. See Accuse. Impeach Im*peach", n. Hindrance; impeachment. [Obs.] Impeachable Im*peach"a*ble (?), a. That may be impeached; liable to impeachment; chargeable with a crime. Owners of lands in fee simple are not impeachable for waste. Z. Swift. Impeacher Im*peach"er (?), n. One who impeaches. Impeachment Im*peach"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. emp\'88chement.] The act of impeaching, or the state of being impeached; as: (a) Hindrance; impediment; obstruction. [Obs.] Willing to march on to Calais, Without impeachment. Shak. (b) A calling to account; arraignment; especially, of a public officer for maladministration. The consequence of Coriolanus' impeachment had like to have been fatal to their state. Swift. (c) A calling in question as to purity of motives, rectitude of conduct, credibility, etc.; accusation; reproach; as, an impeachment of motives. Shak. NOTE: &hand; In England, it is the privilege or right of the House of Commons to impeach, and the right of the House of Lords to try and determine impeachments. In the United States, it is the right of the House of Representatives to impeach, and of the Senate to try and determine impeachments. Articles of impeachment. See under Article. -- Impeachment of waste (Law), restraint from, or accountability for, injury; also, a suit for damages for injury. Abbott. Impearl Im*pearl" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impearled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Impearling.] [Pref. im- in + pearl: cf. F. emperler.] 1. To form into pearls, or into that which resembles pearls. [Poetic] Dewdrops which the sun Impearls on every leaf and every flower. Milton. 2. To decorate as with pearls or with anything resembling pearls. [Poetic] With morning dews impearled. Mrs. Browning. The dews of the morning impearl every thorn. R. Digby. Impeccability Im*pec`ca*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. impeccabilit\'82.] the quality of being impeccable; exemption from sin, error, or offense. Infallibility and impeccability are two of his attributes. Pope. Impeccable Im*pec"ca*ble (?), a. [L. impeccabilis; pref. im- not + peccare to err, to sin: cf. F. impeccable.] Not liable to sin; exempt from the possibility of doing wrong. -- n. One who is impeccable; esp., one of a sect of Gnostic heretics who asserted their sinlessness. God is infallible, impeccable, and absolutely perfect. P. Skelton. Impeccancy Im*pec"can*cy (?), n. Sinlessness. Bp. Hall. Impeccant Im*pec"cant (?), a. Sinless; impeccable. Byron. Impecuniosity Im`pe*cu`ni*os"i*ty (?), n. The state of being impecunious. Thackeray. Sir W. Scott. Impecunious Im"pe*cu"ni*ous (?), a. [L. im- not + pecunia money: cf. F. imp\'82cunieux.] Not having money; habitually without money; poor. An impecunious creature. B. Jonson. Impede Im*pede" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impeded; p. pr. & vb. n. Impeding.] [L. impedire, lit., to entangle the feet; pref. im- in + pes, pedis, foot. See Foot, and cf. Impeach.] To hinder; to stop in progress; to obstruct; as, to impede the advance of troops. Whatever hinders or impedes The action of the nobler will. Logfellow. Impedible Im*ped"i*ble (?), a. Capable of being impeded or hindered. [R.] Jer. Taylor. Impediment Im*ped"i*ment (?), n. [L. impedimentum: cf. F. impediment.] That which impedes or hinders progress, motion, activity, or effect. Thus far into the bowels of the land Have we marched on without impediment. Shak. Impediment in speech, a defect which prevents distinct utterance. Syn. -- Hindrance; obstruction; obstacle; difficulty; incumbrance. -- Impediment, Obstacle, Difficulty, Hindrance. An impediment literally strikes against our feet, checking our progress, and we remove it. An obstacle rises before us in our path, and we surmount or remove it. A difficulty sets before us something hard to be done, and we encounter it and overcome it. A hindrance holds us back for a time, but we break away from it. The eloquence of Demosthenes was to Philip of Macedon, a difficulty to be met with his best recources, ant obstacle to his own ambition, and an impedimen in his political career. C. J. Smith. Impediment Im*ped"i*ment, v. t. To impede. [R.] Bp. Reynolds. Impedimental Im*ped`i*men"tal (?), a. Of the nature of an impediment; hindering; obstructing; impeditive. Things so impediental to success. G. H. Lewes. Impedite Im"pe*dite (?), a. [L. impeditus, p. p. See Impede.] Hindered; obstructed. [R.] Jer. Taylor. Impedite Im"pe*dite, v. t. To impede. [Obs.] Boyle. Impedition Im"pe*di"tion (?), n. [L. impeditio.] A hindering; a hindrance. [Obs.] Baxier. Impeditive Im*ped"i*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. imp\'82ditif.] Causing hindrance; impeding. "Cumbersome, and impeditive of motion." Bp. Hall. Impel Im*pel" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impelled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Impelling.] [L. impellere; pref. im- in + pellere, pulsum, to drive. See Pulse a beat, and cf. Impulse.] To drive or urge forward or on; to press on; to incite to action or motion in any way. The surge impelled me on a craggy coast. Pope. Syn. -- To instigate; incite; induce; influence; force; drive; urge; actuate; move. Impellent Im*pel"lent (?), a. [L. impellens, p. pr. of impellere.] Having the quality of impelling. Impellent Im*pel"lent, n. An impelling power or force. Glanvill. Impeller Im*pel"ler (?), n. One who, or that which, impels. Impen Im*pen" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impenned (?) and Impent (; p. pr. & vb. n. Impenning.] To shut up or inclose, as in a pen. Feltham. Impend Im*pend" (?), v. t. [L. impend; pref. im- in + pend to weigh out, pay.] To pay. [Obs.] Fabyan. Impend Im*pend", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Impended; p. pr. & vb. n. Impending.] [L. impend\'c7re; pref. im- in + pend\'c7re to hang. See Pendant.] To hang over; to be suspended above; to threaten frome near at hand; to menace; to be imminent. See Imminent. Destruction sure o'er all your heads impends. Pope. Impendence, Impendency Im*pend"ence (?), Im*pend"en*cy (?), n. The state of impending; also, that which impends. "Impendence of volcanic cloud." Ruskin. Impendent Im*pend"ent (?), a. [L. impendens, p. pr. of impend\'c7re.] Impending; threatening. Impendent horrors, threatening hideous fall. Milton. Impending Im*pend"ing, a. Hanging over; overhanging; suspended so as to menace; imminet; threatening. An impending brow. Hawthorne. And nodding Ilion waits th' impending fall. Pope. Syn. -- Imminent; threatening. See Imminent. Impenetrability Im*pen`e*tra*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. imp\'82n\'82trabilit\'82.] 1. Quality of being impenetrable. 2. (Physics) That property in virtue of which two portions of matter can not at the same time occupy the same portion of space. 3. Insusceptibility of intellectual or emotional impression; obtuseness; stupidity; coldness. Impenetrable Im*pen"e*tra*ble (?), a. [L. impenetrabilis; pref. im- not + penetrabilis penetrable: cf. F. imp\'82n\'82trable.] 1. Incapable of being penetrated or pierced; not admitting the passage of other bodies; not to be entered; impervious; as, an impenetrable shield. Highest woods impenetrable To star or sunlight. Milton. 2. (Physics) Having the property of preventing any other substance from occupying the same space at the same time. 3. Inaccessible, as to knowledge, reason, sympathy, etc.; unimpressible; not to be moved by arguments or motives; as, an impenetrable mind, or heart. They will be credulous in all affairs of life, but impenetrable by a sermon of the gospel. Jer. Taylor. Impenetrableness Im*pen"e*tra*ble*ness (?), n. The quality of being impenetrable; impenetrability. Impenetrably Im*pen"e*tra*bly, adv. In an impenetrable manner or state; imperviously. "Impenetrably armed." Milton. "Impenetrably dull." Pope. Impenitence Im*pen"i*tence (?), n. [L. impenitentia: cf. F. imp\'82nitence.] The condition of being impenitent; failure or refusal to repent; hardness of heart. He will advance from one degree of wickedness and impenitence to another. Rogers. Impenitency Im*pen"i*ten*cy (?), n. Impenitence. Milton. Impenitent Im*pen"i*tent (?), a. [L. impaenitens; pref. im- not + paenitens penitens: cf. F. imp\'82nitent. See Penitent.] Not penitent; not repenting of sin; not contrite; of a hard heart. "They . . . died impenitent." Milton. "A careless and impenitent heart." Bp. Hall. Impenitent Im*pen"i*tent, n. One who is not penitent. [R.] Impenitently Im*pen"i*tent*ly, adv. Without repentance. Impennate Im*pen"nate (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Characterized by short wings covered with feathers resembling scales, as the penguins. -- n. One of the Impennes. Impennes Im*pen"nes (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. pref. im- not + penna feather.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of birds, including only the penguins, in which the wings are without quills, and not suited for flight. Impennous Im*pen"nous (?) a. [L. pref. im- not + penna wing.] (Zo\'94l.) Having no wings, as some insects. Impeople Im*peo"ple (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impeopled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Impeopling (?).] [See Empeople.] To people; to give a population to. [Obs.] Thou hast helped to impeople hell. Beaumont. Imperant Im"pe*rant (?), a. [L. imperans, p. pr. of imperare to command.] Commanding. [R.] Baxter. Imperate Im"pe*rate (?), a. [L. imperatus, p. p. of imperare to command.] Done by express direction; not involuntary; communded. [Obs.] Those imperate acts, wherein we see the empire of the soul. Sir M. Hale. Imperatival Im*per`a*ti"val (?), a. (Gram.) Of or pertaining to the imperative mood. Imperative Im*per"a*tive (?), a. [L. imperativus, fr. imperare to command; pref. im- in + parare to make ready, prepare: cf. F. imp\'82ratif. See Perade, and cf. Empire.] 1. Expressive of command; containing positive command; authoritatively or absolutely directive; commanding; authoritative; as, imperative orders. The suit of kings are imperative. Bp. Hall. 2. Not to be avoided or evaded; obligatory; binding; compulsory; as, an imperative duty or order. 3. (Gram.) Expressive of commund, entreaty, advice, or exhortation; as, the imperative mood. Imperative Im*per"a*tive, n. (Gram.) The imperative mood; also, a verb in the imperative mood. Imperatively Im*per"a*tive*ly, adv. In an imperative manner. Imperator Im`pe*ra"tor (?), n. [L. See Emperor.] (Rom. Antiq.) A commander; a leader; an emperor; -- originally an appellation of honor by which Roman soldiers saluted their general after an important victory. Subsequently the title was conferred as a recognition of great military achievements by the senate, whence it carried wiht it some special privileges. After the downfall of the Republic it was assumed by Augustus and his successors, and came to have the meaning now attached to the word emperor. Imperatorial Im*per`a*to"ri*al (?), a. [L. imperatorius.] 1. Commanding; imperative; authoritative. 2. Of or pertaining to the title or office of imperator. "Imperatorial laurels." C. Merivale. Imperatorian Im*per`a*to"ri*an (?), a. Imperial. [R.] Gauden. Imperatory Im*per"a*to*ry (?), a. Imperative. [R.] Imperceivable Im`per*ceiv"a*ble (?), a. Imperceptible. [R.] South. -- Im`per*ceiv"a*ble*ness, n. Sharp. Imperceived Im`per*ceived" (?), a. Not perceived. [Obs.] Imperceptibility Im`per*cep`ti*bil"i*ty (?), n. The state or quality of being imperceptible. Imperceptible Im`per*cep"ti*ble (?), a. [Pref. im- not + perceptible: cf. F. imperceptible.] Not perceptible; not to be apprehended or cognized by the souses; not discernible by the mind; not easily apprehended. Almost imperceptible to the touch. Dryden. Its operation is slow, and in some cases almost imperceptible. Burke. -- Im`per*cep"ti*ble*ness, n. -- Im`per*cep"ti*bly, adv. Their . . . subility and imperceptibleness. Sir M. Hale. Imperception Im`per*cep"tion (?), n. Want of perception. Imperceptive Im`per*cep"tive (?), a. Unable to perceive. The imperceptive part of the soul. Dr. H. More. Impercipient Im`per*cip"i*ent (?), a. Not perceiving, or not able to perceive. A. Baxter. Imperdibility Im*per`di*bil"i*ty (?), n. The state or quality of being imperdible. [Obs.] Derham. Imperdible Im*per"di*ble (?), a. [Pref. im- not + L. perdere to destroy.] Not destructible. [Obs.] -- Im*per"di*bly, adv. [Obs.] Imperfect Im*per"fect (?), a. [L. imperfectus: pref. im- not + perfectus perfect: cf. F imparfait, whence OE. imparfit. See Perfect.] 1. Not perfect; not complete in all its parts; wanting a part; deective; deficient. Something he left imperfect in the state. Shak. Why, then, your other senses grow imperfect. Shak. 2. Wanting in some elementary organ that is essential to successful or normal activity. He . . . stammered like a child, or an amazed, imperfect person. Jer. Taylor. 3. Not fulfilling its design; not realizing an ideal; not conformed to a standard or rule; not satisfying the taste or conscience; esthetically or morally defective. Nothing imperfect or deficient left Of all that he created. Milton. Then say not man's imperfect, Heaven in fault; Say rather, man's as perfect as he ought. Pope. Imperfect arch, an arch of less than a semicircle; a skew arch. -- Imperfect cadence (Mus.), one not ending with the tonic, but with the dominant or some other chord; one not giving complete rest; a half close. -- Imperfect consonances (Mus.), chords like the third and sixth, whose ratios are less simple than those of the fifth and forth. -- Imperfect flower (Bot.), a flower wanting either stamens or pistils. Gray. -- Imperfect interval (Mus.), one a semitone less than perfect; as, an imperfect fifth. -- Imperfect number (Math.), a number either greater or less than the sum of its several divisors; in the former case, it is called also a defective number; in the latter, an abundant number. -- Imperfect obligations (Law), obligations as of charity or gratitude, which cannot be enforced by law. -- Imperfect power (Math.), a number which can not be produced by taking any whole number or vulgar fraction, as a factor, the number of times indicated by the power; thus, 9 is a perfect square, but an imperfect cube. -- Imperfect tense (Gram), a tense expressing past time and incomplete action. _________________________________________________________________ Page 735 Imperfect Im*per"fect (?), n. (Gram.) The imperfect tense; or the form of a verb denoting the imperfect tense. Imperfect Im*per"fect, v. t. To make imperfect. [Obs.] Imperfectibility Im`per*fec`ti*bil"i*ty (?), n. The state or quality of being imperfectible. [R.] Imperfectible Im`per*fec"ti*ble (?), a. Incapable of being mad perfect. [R.] Imperfection Im`per*fec"tion (?), n. [L. imperfectio: cf. F. imperfection. See Imperfect, a.] The quality or condition of being imperfect; want of perfection; incompleteness; deficiency; fault or blemish. Sent to my account With all my imperfections on my head. Shak. Syn. -- Defect; deficiency; incompleteness; fault; failing; weakness; frailty; foible; blemish; vice. Imperfectness Im*per"fect*ness, n. The state of being imperfect. Imperforable Im*per"fo*ra*ble (?), a. [See Imperforate.] Incapable of being perforated, or bored through. Imperforata Im*per"fo*ra"ta (?), n. pl. [NL. See Imperforate.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of Foraminifera, including those in which the shell is not porous. Imperforate, Imperforated Im*per"fo*rate (?), Im*per"fo*ra"ted (?), a. [L. pref. im- not + perforatus, p. p. of perforate to perforate. See Perforate.] Not perforated; having no opening or aperture. Sir J. Banks. Imperforation Im*per`fo*ra"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. imperforation.] The state of being without perforation. Imperial Im*pe"ri*al (?), a. [OE. emperial, OF. emperial, F. imp\'82rial, fr. L. imperialis, fr. imperium command, sovereignty, empire. See Empire.] 1. Of or pertaining to an empire, or to an emperor; as, an imperial government; imperial authority or edict. The last That wore the imperial diadem of Rome. Shak. 2. Belonging to, or suitable to, supreme authority, or one who wields it; royal; sovereign; supreme. "The imperial democracy of Athens." Mitford. Who, as Ulysses says, opinion crowns With an imperial voice. Shak. To tame the proud, the fetter'd slave to free, These are imperial arts, and worthy thee. Dryden. He sounds his imperial clarion along the whole line of battle. E. Everett. 3. Of superior or unusual size or excellence; as, imperial paper; imperial tea, etc. Imperial bushel, gallon, etc. See Bushel, Gallon, etc. -- Imperial chamber, the, the sovereign court of the old German empire. -- Imperial city, under the first German empire, a city having no head but the emperor. -- Imperial diet, an assembly of all the states of the German empire. -- Imperial drill. (Manuf.) See under 8th Drill. -- Imperial eagle. (Zo\'94l.) See Eagle. -- Imperial green. See Paris green, under Green. -- Imperial guard, the royal guard instituted by Napoleon I. -- Imperial weights and measures, the standards legalized by the British Parliament. Imperial Im*pe"ri*al, n. [F. imp\'82riale: cf. Sp. imperial.] 1. The tuft of hair on a man's lower lip and chin; -- so called from the style of beard of Napoleon III. 2. An outside seat on a diligence. T. Hughes. 3. A luggage case on the top of a coach. Simmonds. 4. Anything of unusual size or excellence, as a large decanter, a kind of large photograph, a large sheet of drowing, printing, or writing paper, etc. 5. A gold coin of Russia worth ten rubles, or about eight dollars. McElrath. 6. A kind of fine cloth brought into England from Greece. or other Eastern countries, in the Middle Ages. Imperialism Im*pe"ri*al*ism (?), n. The power or character of an emperor; imperial authority; the spirit of empire. Roman imperialism had divided the world. C. H. Pearson. Imperialist Im*pe"ri*al*ist, n. [Cf. F. imp\'82rialiste.] One who serves an emperor; one who favors imperialism. Imperiality Im*pe`ri*al"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Imperialities (. 1. Imperial power. 2. An imperial right or privilegs. See Royalty. The late empress having, by ukases of grace, relinquished her imperialities on the private mines, viz., the tenths of the copper, iron, silver and gold. W. Tooke. Imperialize Im*pe"ri*al*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imperialized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Imperializing (?).] To invest with imperial authority, character, or style; to bring to the form of an empire. Fuller. Imperially Im*pe"ri*al*ly, adv. In an imperial manner. Imperially Im*pe"ri*al*ly (?), n. Imperial power. [R.] Sheldon. Imperil Im*per"il (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imperiled (?) or Imperilled; p. pr. & vb. n. Imperiling or Imperilling.] To bring into peril; to endanger. Imperilment Im*per"il*ment (?), n. The act of imperiling, or the state of being imperiled. Imperious Im*pe"ri*ous (?), a. [L. imperiosus: cf. F. imp\'82rieux. See Imperial.] 1. Commanding; ascendant; imperial; lordly; majestic. [Obs.] "A vast and imperious mind." Tilloison. Therefore, great lords, be, as your titles witness, Imperious. Shak. 2. Haughly; arrogant; overbearing; as, an imperious tyrant; an imperious manner. This imperious man will work us all From princes into pages. Shak. His bold, contemptuous, and imperious spirit soon made him conspicuous. Macaulay. 3. Imperative; urgent; compelling. Imperious need, which can not be withstood. Dryden. Syn. -- Dictatorial; haughty; domineering; overbearing; lordly; tyrannical; despotic; arrogant; imperative; authoritative; commanding; pressing. -- Imperious, Lordly, Domineering. One who is imperious exercises his authority in a manner highly offensive for its spirit and tone; one who is lordly assumes a lofty air in order to display his importance; one who is domineering gives orders in a way to make other feel their inferiority. Imperiously Im*pe"ri*ous*ly, adv. In an imperious manner. Imperriousnes Im*per"ri*ous*nes, n. The quality or state of being imperious; arrogance; haughtiness. Imperiousness and severity is but an ill way of treating men who have reason of their own to guide them. Locke. Imperishability Im*per`ish*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being imperishable: indstructibility. "The imperishability of the universe." Milman. Imperishable Im*per"ish*a*ble (?), a. [Pref. im- not + perishable: cf. F. imp\'82rissable.] Not perisha ble; not subject to decay; indestructible; enduringpermanently; as, an imperishable monument; imperishable renown. -- Im*per"ish*a*ble*ness, n. -- Im*per"ish*a*bly, adv. Imperiwigged Im*per"i"wigged (?), a. Wearing a periwig. Impermanence, Impermanency Im*per"ma*nence (?), Im*per"ma*nen*cy (?), n. Want of permanence. Impermanent Im*per"ma*nent (?), a. Not permanent. Impermeability Im*per`me*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Pref. im- not + permeability: cf. F. imperm\'82abilit\'82.] The quality of being impermeable. Impermeable Im*per"me*a*ble (?), a. [Pref. im- not + permeable: cf. F. imperm\'82able, L. impermeabilis.] Not permeable; not permitting passage, as of a fluid. through its substance; impervious; impenetrable; as, India rubber is impermeable to water and to air. -- Im*per"me*a*ble*ness, n. -- Im*per"me*a*bly, adv. Impermissible Im`per*mis"si*ble (?), a. Not permissible. Imperscrutable Im`per*scru"ta*ble (?), a. [L. imperscrutabilis.] Not capable of being searched out; inscrutable. [Obs.] -- Im`per*scru"ta*ble*ness, n. [Obs.] Imperseverant Im`per*sev"er*ant (?), a. Not persevering; fickle; thoughtless. [Obs.] Impersonal Im*per"son*al (?), a. [L. impersonalis; pref. im- not + personalis personal: cf. F. impersonnel. See Personal.] Not personal; not representing a person; not having personality. An almighty but impersonal power, called Fate. Sir J. Stephen. Impersonal verb (Gram.), a verb used with an indeterminate subject, commonly, in English, with the impersonal pronoun it; as, it rains; it snows; methinks (it seems to me). Many verbs which are not strictly impersonal are often used impersonally; as, it goes well with him. Impersonal Im*per"son*al, n. That which wants personality; specifically (Gram.), an impersonal verb. Impersonality Im*per`son*al"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being impersonal; want or absence of personality. Impersonally Im*per"son*al*ly (?), adv. In an impersonal manner. Impersonate Im*per"son*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impersonated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Impersonating.] 1. To invest with personality; to endow with the form of a living being. 2. To ascribe the qualities of a person to; to personify. 3. To assume, or to represent, the person or character of; to personate; as, he impersonated Macbeth. Benedict impersonated his age. Milman. Impersonation, Impersonification Im*per`son*a"tion (?), Im`per*son`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. The act of impersonating; personification; investment with personality; representation in a personal form. Impersonator Im*per"son*a`tor (?), n. One who impersonates; an actor; a mimic. Imperspicuity Im*per`spi*cu"i*ty (?), n. Want of perspicuity or clearness; vaguness; ambiguity. Imperspicuous Im`per*spic"u*ous (?), a. Not perspicuous; not clear; obscure; vague; ambeguous. Impersuadable Im`per*suad"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. Impersuasible.] Not to be persuaded; obstinate; unyielding; impersuasible. -- Im`per*suad"a*ble*ness, n. Impersuasible Im`per*sua"si*ble (?), a. [Pref. im- not + persuasible: cf. OF. impersuasible.] Not persuasible; not to be moved by persuasion; inflexible; impersuadable. Dr. H. More. -- Im`per*sua`si*bil"i*ty (#), n. Impertinence Im*per"ti*nence (?), n. [Cf. F. impertinence. See Impertinent.] 1. The condition or quality of being impertnent; absence of pertinence, or of adaptedness; irrelevance; unfitness. 2. Conduct or language unbecoming the person, the society, or the circumstances; rudeness; incivility. We should avoid the vexation and impertinence of pedants who affect to talk in a language not to be understood. Swift. 3. That which is impertinent; a thing out of place, or of no value. There are many subtile impertinences learned in schools. Watts. Impertinency Im*per"ti*nen*cy (?), n. Impertinence. [R.] O, matter and impertinency mixed! Reason in madness! Shak. Impertinent Im*per"ti*nent (?), a. [F., fr. L. impertinens, -entis; pref. im- not + pertinens. See Pertinent.] 1. Not pertinent; not pertaining to the matter in hand; having no bearing on the subject; not to the point; irrelevant; inapplicable. Things that are impertinent to us. Tillotson. How impertinent that grief was which served no end! Jer. Taylor. 2. Contrary to, or offending against, the rules of propriety or good breeding; guilty of, or prone to, rude, unbecoming, or uncivil words or actions; as, an impertient coxcomb; an impertient remark. 3. Trifing; inattentive; frivolous. Syn. -- Rude; officious; intrusive; saucy; unmannerly; meddlesome; disrespectful; impudent; insolent. -- Impertinent, Officious, Rude. A person is officious who obtrudes his offices or assistance where they are not needed; he is impertinent when he intermeddles in things with which he has no concern. The former shows a want of tact, the latter a want of breeding, or, more commonly, a spirit of sheer impudence. A person is rude when he violates the proprieties of social life either from ignorance or wantonness. "An impertinent man will ask questions for the mere grafication of curiosity; a rude man will burst into the room of another, or push against his person, inviolant of all decorum; one who is officious is quite as unfortunate as he is troublesome; when he strives to serve, he has the misfortune to annoy." Crabb. See Impudence, and Insolent. Impertinent Im*per"ti*nent, n. An impertinent person. [R.] Impertinently Im*per"ti*nent*ly, adv. In an impertinent manner. "Not to betray myself impertinently." B. Jonson. Impertransibility Im`per*tran`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being impertransible. [R.] Impertransible Im`per*tran"si*ble (?), a. [L. pref. im- not + pertransire to go through. See Per- and Transient.] Incapable of being passed through. [R.] Impertrubable Im`per*trub"a*ble (?), a. [L. imperturbabilis; pref. im- not + perturbare to disturb: cf. F. imperturbable. See Perture.] Incapable of being disturbed or disconcerted; as, imperturbable gravity. Imperturbably Im`per*turb"a*bly, adv. In an imperturbable manner; calmly. C. Bront\'82. Imperturbation Im*per`tur*ba"tion (?), n. [L. imperturbatio.] Freedom from agitation of mind; calmness; quietude. W. Montagu. Imperturbed Im`per*turbed" (?), a. Not perturbed. Imperviability Im*per`vi*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being imperviable. Imperviable Im*per"vi*a*ble (?), a. Not pervious; impervious. [R.] -- Im*per"vi*a*ble*ness, n. [R.] Impervious Im*per"vi*ous (?), a. [L. impervius; pref. im- not + per through + via way. See Voyage.] Not pervious; not admitting of entrance or passage through; as, a substance impervious to water or air. This gulf impassable, impervious. Milton. The minds of these zealots were absolutely impervious. Macaulay. Syn. -- Impassable; pathless; impenetrable; imperviable; impermeable. -- Im*per"vi*ous*ly, adv. -- Im*per"vi*ous*ness, n. Impery Im"per*y (?), n. Empery. [Archaic] Joye. Impest Im*pest" (?), v. t. To affict with pestilence; to infect, as with plague. [Obs.] Impester Im*pes"ter (?), v. t. See Pester. [Obs.] Impetiginous Im`pe*tig"i*nous (?), a. [L. impetiginous: cf. F. imp\'82tigineux.] Of the nature of, or pertaining to, impetigo. Impetigo Im`pe*ti"go (?), n. [L., fr. impetere to attack.] (Med.) A cutaneous, pustular eruption, not attended with fever; usually, a kind of eczema with pustulation. Impetrable Im"pe*tra*ble (?) a. [L. impetrabilis: cf. F. imp\'82trable. See Impetrate.] Capable of being obtained or moved by petition. [Obs.] Bailey. Impetrate Im"pe*trate (?), a. [L. impetratus, p. p. of impetrare to obtain; pref. im- in + patrare to bring to pass.] Obtained by entreaty. [Obs.] Ld. Herbert. Impetrate Im"pe*trate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impetrated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Impetrating (?).] To obtain by request or entreaty. Usher. Impetration Im`pe*tra"tion (?), n. [L. impetratio: cf. F. imp\'82tration.] 1. The act of impetrating, or obtaining by petition or entreaty. [Obs.] In way of impertation procuring the removal or allevation of our crosses. Barrow. 2. (Old Eng. Law) The obtaining of benefice from Rome by solicitation, which benefice belonged to the disposal of the king or other lay patron of the realm. Impetrative Im"pe*tra*tive (?), a. [L. impetrativus obtained by entreaty.] Of the nature of impetration; getting, or tending to get, by entreaty. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Impetratory Im"pe*tra*to*ry (?), a. Containing or expressing entreaty. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor. Impetuosity Im*pet`u*os"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. imp\'82tuosit\'82.] 1. The condition or quality of being impetuous; fury; violence. 2. Vehemence, or furiousnes of temper. Shak. Impetuous Im*pet"u*ous (?), a. [F. impetueux, L. impetuosus. See Impetus.] 1. Rushing with force and violence; moving with impetus; furious; forcible; violent; as, an impetuous wind; an impetuous torrent. Went pouring forward with impetuous speed. Byron. 2. Vehement in feeling; hasty; passionate; violent; as, a man of impetuous temper. The people, on their holidays, Impetuous, insolent, unquenchable. Milton. Syn. -- Forcible; rapid; hasty; precipitate; furious; boisterous; violent; raging; fierce; passionate. -- Im*pet"u*ous*ly, adv. -- Im*pet"u*ous*ness, n. Impetus Im"pe*tus (?), n. [L., fr. impetere to rush upon, attack; pref. im- in + petere to fall upon, seek. See Petition.] 1. A property possessed by a moving body in virtue of its weight and its motion; the force with which any body is driven or impelled; momentum. NOTE: &hand; Mo mentum is th e technical term, impetus its popular equivalent, yet differing from it as applied commonly to bodies moving or moved suddenly or violently, and indicating the origin and intensity of the motion, rather than its quantity or effectiveness. 2. Fig.: Impulse; incentive; vigor; force. Buckle. 3. (Gun.) The aititude through which a heavy body must fall to acquire a velocity equal to that with which a ball is discharged from a piece. _________________________________________________________________ Page 736 Impeyan pheasant Im"pey*an pheas"ant (?). [From Lady Impey, who attempted to naturalize the bird in England.] (Zo\'94l.) An Indian crested pheasant of the genus Lophophorus. Several species are known. Called also monaul, monal. NOTE: &hand; They are remarkable for the bright color and brilliant matallic hues of their plumage. The best known species (L. Impeyanus) has the neck of a brilliant metallic red, changing to golden yellow in certain lights. Imphee Im"phee (?), n. (Bot.) The African sugar cane (Holcus saccharatus), -- resembling the sorghum, or Chinese sugar cane. Impictured Im*pic"tured (?), a. Pictured; impressed. [Obs.] Spenser. Impierce Im*pierce" (?), v. t. [Pref. im- in + pierce. Cf. Empierce.] To pierce; to penetrate. [Obs.] Drayton. Impierceable Im*pierce"a*ble (?) a. Not capable of being pierced; impenetrable. [Obs.] Spenser. Impiety Im*pi"e*ty (?), n.; pl. Impieties (. [L. impietas, fr. impius impious; cf. F. impi\'82t\'82. See Impious, Piety.] 1. The quality of being impious; want of piety; irreverence toward the Supreme Being; ungodliness; wickedness. 2. An impious act; an act of wickednes. Those impieties for the which they are now visited. Shak. Syn. -- Ungodliness; irreligion; unrighteousness; sinfulness; profaneness; wickedness; godlessness. Impignorate Im*pig"no*rate (?), v. t. [LL. impignoratus, p. pl of impignorare to pawn. See Pignoration.] To pledge or pawn. [Obs.] Laing. Impignoration Im*pig`no*ra"tion (?), n. [LL. impignoratio: cf. F. impignoration.] The act of pawning or pledging; the state of being pawned. [Obs.] Bailey. Imping Imp"ing (?), n. [See Imp to graft.] 1. The act or process of grafting or mending. [Archaic] 2. (Falconry) The process of repairing broken feathers or a deficient wing. Impinge Im*pinge" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impinged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Impinging (?).] [L. impingere; pref. im- in + pangere to fix, strike; prob. akin to pacisci to agree, contract. See Pact, and cf. Impact.] To fall or dash against; to touch upon; to strike; to hit; to ciash with; -- with on or upon. The cause of reflection is not the impinging of light on the solid or impervious parts of bodies. Sir I. Newton. But, in the present order of things, not to be employed without impinging on God's justice. Bp. Warburton. Impingement Im*pinge"ment (?), n. The act of impinging. Impingent Im*pin"gent (?), a. [L. impingens, p. pr.] Striking against or upon. Impinguate Im*pin"guate (?), v. t. [L. impinguatus, p. p. of impinguare to fatten; pref. im- in + pinguis fat.] To fatten; to make fat. [Obs.] Bacon. Impinguation Im`pin*gua"tion (?), n. The act of making fat, or the state of being fat or fattened. [Obs.] Impious Im"pi*ous (?), a. [L. impius; pref. im- not + pius piou. See Pious.] Not pious; wanting piety; irreligious; irreverent; ungodly; profane; wanting in reverence for the Supreme Being; as, an impious deed; impious language. When vice prevails, and impious men bear away, The post of honor is a private station. Addison. Syn. -- Impious, Irreligious, Profane. Irreligious is negative, impious and profane are positive. An indifferent man may be irreligious; a profane man is irreverent in speech and conduct; an impious man is wickedly and boldly defiant in the strongest sense. Profane also has the milder sense of secular. C. J. Smith. -- Im"pi*ous*ly, adv. -- Im"pi*ous*ness, n. Impire Im"pire (?), n. See Umpire. [Obs.] Huloet. Impishly Imp"ish*ly (?), a. Having the qualities, or showing the characteristics, of an imp. Impishly Imp"ish*ly, adv. In the manner of an imp. Imppiteous Imp*pit"e*ous (?), a. Pitiless; cruel. [Obs.] Implacability Im*pla`ca*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L. implacabilitas: cf. F. implacabilit\'82.] The quality or state of being implacable. Implacable Im*pla"ca*ble (?), a. [L. implacabilis; pref. im- not + placabilis: cf. F. implacable. See Placable.] 1. Not placable; not to be appeased; incapable of being pacified; inexorable; as, an implacable prince. I see thou art implacable. Milton. An object of implacable enmity. Macaulay. 2. Incapable of ebign relieved or assuaged; inextinguishable. [R.] O! how I burn with implacable fire. Spenser. Which wrought them pain Implacable, and many a dolorous groan. Milton. Syn. -- Unappeasable; inexorable; irreconcilable; unrelenting; relentless; unyielding. Implacableness Im*pla"ca*ble*ness (?), n. The quality of being implacable; implacability. Implacably Im*pla"ca*bly, adv. In an implacable manner. Implacental Im`pla*cen"tal (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Without a placenta, as marsupials and monotremes. -- n. A mammal having no placenta. Implacentalia Im`pla*cen*ta"li*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See In- not, and Placental.] (Zo\'94l.) A primary division of the Mammalia, including the monotremes and marsupials, in which no placenta is formed. Implant Im*plant" (?) v. t. [imp. & p. p. Implanted; p. pr. & vb. n. Implanting.] [Pref. im- in + plant: cf. F. implanter.] To plant, or infix, for the purpose of growth; to fix deeply; to instill; to inculate; to introduce; as, to implant the seeds of virtue, or the principles of knowledge, in the minds of youth. Minds well implanted with solid . . . breeding. Milton. Implantation Im`plan*ta"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. implantation.] The act or process of implantating. Implate Im*plate" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Implated; p. pr. & vb. n. Implating.] To cover with plates; to sheathe; as, to implate a ship with iron. Implausibility Im*plau`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. Want of plausibility; the quality of being implausible. Implausible Im*plau"si*ble (?), a. [Pref. im- not + plausible: cf. F. implausible.] Not plausible; not wearing the appearance of truth or credibility, and not likely to be believed. "Implausible harangues." Swift. -- Im*plau"si*ble*ness, n. -- Im*plau"si*bly, adv. Impleach Im*pleach" (?), v. t. To pleach; to interweave. [Obs.] Shak. Implead Im*plead" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impleaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Impleading.] [Cf. Emplead.] (Law) To institute and prosecute a suit against, in court; to sue or prosecute at law; hence, to accuse; to impeach. Implead Im*plead", v. i. To sue at law. Impleadable Im*plead"a*ble (?), a. Not admitting excuse, evasion, or plea; rigorous. [R.] T. Adams. Impleader Im*plead"er (?), n. (Law) One who prosecutes or sues another. Impleasing Im*pleas"ing (, a. Unpleasing; displeasing. [Obs.] Overbury. Impledge Im*pledge" (?), v. t. To pledge. Sir W. Scott. Implement Im"ple*ment (?), n. [LL. implementum accomplishment, fr. L. implere, impletum, to fill up, finish, complete; pref. im- in + plere to fill. The word was perh. confuse with OF. empleier, emploier, to employ, F. employer, whence E. employ. See Plenty.] That which fulfills or supplies a want or use; esp., an instrument, toll, or utensil, as supplying a requisite to an end; as, the implements of trade, of husbandry, or of war. Genius must have talent as its complement and implement. Coleridge. Implement Im"ple*ment, v. t. 1. To accomplish; to fulfill. [R.] Revenge . . . executed and implemented by the hand of Vanbeest Brown. Sir W. Scott. 2. To provide with an implement or implements; to cause to be fulfilled, satisfied, or carried out, by means of an implement or implements. The chief mechanical requisites of the barometer are implemented in such an instrument as the following. Nichol. 3. (Scots Law) To fulfill or perform, as a contract or an engagement. Implemental Im`ple*men"tal (?), a. Pertaining to, or characterized by, implements or their use; mechanical. Impletion Im*ple"tion (?), n. [L. impletio. See Implement.] 1. The act of filling, or the state of being full. Sir T. Browne. 2. That which fills up; filling. Coleridge. Implex Im"plex (?), a. [L. implexus, p. p. of implectere to infold; pref. im- in + plectere to plait: cf. F implexe.] Intricate; entangled; complicated; complex. The fable of every poem is . . . simple or implex. it is called simple when there is no change of fortune in it; implex, when the fortune of the chief actor changes from bad to good, or from good to bad. Addison. Implexion Im*plex"ion (?), n. [L. implexio.] Act of involving, or state of being involved; involution. Impliable Im*pli"a*ble (?), a. Not pliable; inflexible; inyielding. Implicate Im"pli*cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Implicated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Implicating.] [L. implicatus, p. p. of implicare to involve; pref. im- in + plicare to fold. See Employ, Ply, and cf. Imply, Implicit.] 1. To infold; to fold together; to interweave. The meeting boughs and implicated leaves. Shelley. 2. To bring into connection with; to involve; to connect; -- applied to persons, in an unfavorable sense; as, the evidence implicates many in this conspiracy; to be implicated in a crime, a discreditable transaction, a fault, etc. Implication Im`pli*ca"tion (?), n. [L. implicatio: cf. F. implication.] 1. The act of implicating, or the state of being implicated. Three principal causes of firmness are. the grossness, the quiet contact, and the implication of component parts. Boyle. 2. An implying, or that which is implied, but not expressed; an inference, or something which may fairly be understood, though not expressed in words. Whatever things, therefore, it was asserted that the king might do, it was a necessary implication that there were other things which he could not do. Hallam. Implicative Im"pli*ca*tive (?), a. Tending to implicate. Implicatively Im"pli*ca*tive*ly, adv. By implication. Sir G. Buck. Implicit Im*plic"it (?), a. [L. implicitus, p. p. of implicare to entwine, entangle, attach closely: cf. F. implicite. See Implicate.] 1. Infolded; entangled; complicated; involved. [Obs.] Milton. In his woolly fleece I cling implicit. Pope. 2. Tacitly comprised; fairly to be understood, though not expressed in words; implied; as, an implicit contract or agreement. South. 3. Resting on another; trusting in the word or authority of another, without doubt or reserve; unquestioning; complete; as, implicit confidence; implicit obedience. Back again to implicit faith I fall. Donne. Implicit function. (Math.) See under Function. Implicitly Im*plic"it*ly (?), adv. 1. In an implicit manner; without reserve; with unreserved confidence. Not to dispute the methods of his providence, but humbly and implicitly to acquiesce in and adore them. Atterbury. 2. By implication; impliedly; as, to deny the providence of God is implicitly to deny his existence. Bentley. Implicitness Im*plic"it*ness, n. State or quality of being implicit. Implicity Im*plic"i*ty (?), n. Implicitness. [Obs.] Cotgrave. Implied Im*plied" (?), a. Virtually involved or included; involved in substance; inferential; tacitly conceded; -- the correlative of express, or expressed. See Imply. Impliedly Im*pli"ed*ly (?), adv. By implication or inference. Bp. Montagu. Imploded Im*plod"ed (?), a. (Phon.) Formed by implosion. Ellis. Implodent Im*plod"ent (?), n. (Phon.) An implosive sound. Ellis. Imploration Im`plo*ra"tion (?), n. [L. imploratio: cf. OF. imploration. See Implore.] The act of imploring; earnest supplication. Bp. Hall. Implorator Im"plo*ra`tor (?), n. One who implores. [Obs.] Mere implorators of unholy suits. Shak. Imploratory Im*plor"a*to*ry (?), a. Supplicatory; entreating. [R.] Carlyle. Implore Im*plore" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Implored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Imploring.] [L. implorare; pref. im- in + plorare to cry aloud. See Deplore.] To call upon, or for, in supplication; to beseech; to prey to, or for, earnestly; to petition with urency; to entreat; to beg; -- followed directly by the word expressing the thing sought, or the person from whom it is sought. Imploring all the gods that reign above. Pope. I kneel, and then implore her blessing. Shak. Syn. -- To beseech; supplicate; crave; entreat; beg; solicit; petition; prey; request; adjure. See Beseech. Implore Im*plore", v. i. To entreat; to beg; to prey. Implore Im*plore", n. Imploration. [Obs.] Spencer. Implorer Im*plor"er (?), n. One who implores. Imploring Im*plor"ing, a. That implores; beseeching; entreating. -- Im*plor"ing*ly, adv. Implosion Im*plo"sion (?), n. [Formed by substitution of pref. im- in for pref. ex- in explosion.] 1. A burstion inwards, as of a vessel from which the air has been exhausted; -- contrasted with explosion. 2. (Phon.) A sudden compression of the air in the mouth, simultaneously with and affecting the sound made by the closure of the organs in uttering p, t, or k, at the end of a syllable (see Guide to Pronunciation, §§159, 189); also, a similar compression made by an upward thrust of the larynx without any accompanying explosive action, as in the peculiar sound of b, d, and g, heard in Southern Germany. H. Sweet. Implosive Im*plo"sive (?), a. (Phon.) Formed by implosion. -- n. An implosive sound, an implodent. -- Im*plo"sive*ly, adv. H. Sweet. Implumed Im*plumed" (?), a. Not plumed; without plumes or feathers; featherless. [R.] Drayton. Implunge Im*plunge" (?), v. t. To plunge. Fuller. Impluvium Im*plu"vi*um (?), n. [L., fr. impluere to rain into; pref. im- in + pluere to rain.] (Arch.) In Roman dwellings, a cistern or tank, set in the atrium or peristyle to recieve the water from the roof, by means of the compluvium; generally made ornamental with flowers and works of art around its birm. Imply Im*ply" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Implied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Implying.] [From the same source as employ. See Employ, Ply, and cf. Implicate, Apply.] 1. To infold or involve; to wrap up. [Obs.] "His head in curls implied." Chapman. 2. To involve in substance or essence, or by fair inference, or by construction of law, when not include virtually; as, war implies fighting. Where a mulicious act is proved, a mulicious intention is implied. Bp. Sherlock. When a man employs a laborer to work for him, . . . the act of hiring implies an obligation and a promise that he shall pay him a reasonable reward for his services. Blackstone. 3. To refer, ascribe, or attribute. [Obs.] Whence might this distaste arise? If [from] neither your perverse and peevish will. To which I most imply it. J. Webster. Syn. -- To involve; include; comprise; import; mean; denote; signify; betoken. See Involve. Impoison Im*poi"son (?), v. t. [Cf. Empoison.] To poison; to imbitter; to impair. Impoisoner Im*poi"son*er (?), n. A poisoner. [Obs.] Beau. & Fi. Impoisonment Im*poi"son*ment (?), n. [Cf. Empoisonment.] The act of poisoning or impoisoning. [Obs.] Pope. Impolarily, Impolarly Im*po"lar*i*ly (?), Im*po"lar*ly (?), adv. Not according to or in, the direction of the poles. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Impolicy Im*pol"i*cy (?), n. The quality of being impolitic; inexpedience; unsuitableness to the end proposed; bads policy; as, the impolicy of fraud. Bp. Horsley. Impolite Im`po*lite" (?), a. [L. impolitus unpolishied, pref. im- not + politus, p. p. of polire to polish, refine. See Polite.] Not polite; not of polished manners; wanting in good manners; discourteous; uncivil; rude. -- Im`po*lite"ly, adv. -- Im`po*lite"ness, n. Impolitic Im*pol"i*tic (?), a. [Pref. im- not + politic; cf. F. impolitique.] Not politic; contrary to, or wanting in, policy; unwise; imprudent; indiscreet; inexpedient; as, an impolitic ruler, law, or measure. The most unjust and impolitic of all things, unequal taxation. Burke. Syn. -- Indiscreet; inexpedient; undiplomatic. ______________________________________________________________ Page 737 Impolitical Im`po*lit"i*cal (?), a. Impolitic. [Obs.] -- Im`po*lit"i*cal*ly, adv. [Obs.] Bacon. Impoliticly Im*pol"i*tic*ly (?), adv. In an impolitic manner. Impoliticness Im*pol"i*tic*ness, n. The quality of being impolitic. Imponderability Im*pon`der*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. impond\'82rabilit\'82.] The quality or state of being imponderable; imponderableness. Imponderable Im*pon"der*a*ble (?), a. [Pref. im- not + ponderable: cf. F. impond\'82rable.] Not ponderable; without sensible or appreciable weight; incapable of being weighed. Imponderable Im*pon"der*a*ble, n. (Physics) An imponderable substance or body; specifically, in the plural, a name formely applied to heat, light, electricity, and magnetism, regarded as subtile flyids destitute of weight but in modern science little used. Imponderableness Im*pon"der*a*ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being imponderable. Imponderous Im*pon"der*ous (?), a. Imponderable. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. -- Im*pon"der*ous*ness, n. [Obs.] Impone Im*pone" (?), v. t. [L. imponere, impositum, to place upon; pref. im- in + ponere to place. See Position.] To stake; to wager; to pledge. [Obs.] Against the which he has imponed, as I take it, six French rapiers and poniards. Shak. Impoofo Im*poo"fo (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The eland. [Written also impoofoo.] Impoon Im*poon" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The duykerbok. Impoor Im*poor" (?), v. t. To impoverish. [Obs.] Imporosity Im`po*ros"i*ty (?), n. [Perf. im- not + porosity: cf. F. imporosit\'82.] The state or quality of being imporous; want of porosity; compactness. "The . . . imporosity betwixt the tangible parts." Bacon. Imporous Im*por"ous (?), a. Destitute of pores; very close or compact in texture; solid. Sir T. Browne. Import Im*port" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imported; p. pr. & vb. n. Importing.] [L. importare to bring in, to occasion, to cause; pref. im- in + portare to bear. Sense 3 comes through F. importer, from the Latin. See Port demeanor.] 1. To bring in from abroad; to introduce from without; especially, to bring (wares or merchandise) into a place or country from a foreign country, in the transactions of commerce; -- opposed to export. We import teas from China, coffee from Brasil, etc. 2. To carry or include, as meaning or intention; to imply; to signify. Every petition . . . doth . . . always import a multitude of speakers together. Hooker. 3. To be of importance or consequence to; to have a bearing on; to concern. I have a motion much imports your good. Shak. If I endure it, what imports it you? Dryden. Syn. -- To denote; mean; sighify; imply; indicate; betoken; interest; concern. Import Im*port", v. i. To signify; to purport; to be of moment. "For that . . . importeth to the work." Bacon. Import Im"port (?), n. 1. Merchandise imported, or brought into a country from without its boundaries; -- generally in the plural, opposed to exports. I take the imports from, and not the exports to, these conquests, as the measure of these advantages which we derived from them. Burke. 2. That which a word, phrase, or document contains as its signification or intention or interpretation of a word, action, event, and the like. 3. Importance; weight; consequence. Most serious design, and the great import. Shak. Importable Im*port"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. importable. See Import.] Capable of being imported. Importable Im*port"a*ble, a. [L. importabilis; pref. im- not + portabilis bearable: cf. OF. importable. See Portable.] Not to be endured; insupportable; intolerable. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- Im*port"a*ble*ness, n. [Obs.] Importance Im*por"tance (?), n. [F. importance. See Important.] 1. The quality or state of being important; consequence; weight; moment; significance. Thy own importance know, Nor bound thy narrow views to things below. Pope. 2. Subject; matter. [Obs.] Upon importance of so slight and trivial a nature. Shak. 3. Import; meaning; significance. [Obs.] The wisest beholder could not say if the importance were joy or sorrow. Shak. 4. Importunity; solicitation. [Obs.] At our importance hither is he come. Shak. Importancy Im*por"tan*cy (?), n. Importance; significance; consequence; that which is important. [Obs.] Shak. "Careful to conceal importancies." Fuller. Important Im*por"tant (?), a. [F. important. See Import, v. t.] 1. Full of, or burdened by, import; charged with great interests; restless; anxious. [Obs.] Thou hast strength as much As serves to execute a mind very important. Chapman. 2. Carrying or possessing weight or consequence; of valuable content or bearing; significant; weighty. Things small as nothing . . . He makes important. Shak. 3. Bearing on; forcible; driving. [Obs.] He fiercely at him flew, And with important outrage him assailed. Spenser. 4. Importunate; pressing; urgent. [Obs.] Shak. Syn. -- Weighty; momentous; significant; essential; necessary; considerable; influential; serious. Importantly Im*por"tant*ly, adv. In an important manner. Importation Im`por*ta"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. importation. See Import, v. t.] 1. The act of carrying, conveying, or delivering. [R.] 2. The act or practice of importing, or bringing into a country or state; -- opposed to exportation. 3. That which is imported; commodities or wares introduced into a country from abroad. Importer Im*port"er (?), n. One who imports; the merchant who brings goods into a country or state; -- opposed to exporter. Importing Im*port"ing, a. Full of meaning. [Obs.] Shak. Importless Im*port"less, a. Void of meaning. [Obs.] Shak. Importunable Im*por"tu*na*ble (?), a. Heavy; insupportable. [Obs.] Sir T. More. Importunacy Im*por"tu*na*cy (?), n. [From Importunate.] The quality of being importunate; importunateness. Importunate Im*por"tu*nate (?), a. [See Importune.] 1. Troublesomely urgent; unreasonably solicitous; overpressing in request or demand; urgent; teasing; as, an impotunate petitioner, curiosity. Whewell. 2. Hard to be borne; unendurable. [R.] Donne. -- Im*por"tu*nate*ly, adv. -- Im*por"tu*nate*ness, n. Importunator Im*por"tu*na`tor (?), n. One who importunes; an importuner. [Obs.] Sir E. Sandys. Importunee Im`por*tunee" (?), a. [F. importun, L. importunus; pref. im- not + a derivative from the root of portus harbor, importunus therefore orig. meaning, hard of access. See Port harbor, and cf. Importunate.] 1. Inopportune; unseasonable. [Obs.] 2. Troublesome; vexatious; persistent; urgent; hence, vexatious on account of untimely urgency or perinacious solicitation. [Obs.] And their importune fates all satisfied. Spenser. Of all other affections it [envy] is the most importune and continual. Bacon. Importune Im`por*tune", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Importuned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Importuning.] [From Importune, a.: cf. F. importuner.] 1. To request or solicit, with urgency; to press with frequent, unreasonable, or troublesome application or pertinacity; hence, to tease; to irritate; to worry. Their ministers and residents here have perpetually importuned the court with unreasonable demands. Swift. 2. To import; to signify. [Obs.] "It importunes death." Spenser. Importune Im`por*tune", v. i. To require; to demand. [Obs.] We shall write to you, As time and our concernings shall importune. Shak. Importunely Im`por*tune"ly, adv. In an importune manner. [Obs.] Importuner Im`por*tun"er (?), n. One who importunes. Importunity Im`por*tu"ni*ty (?), n.; pl. Importunities (#). [L. importunitas unsuitableness, rudeness: cf. F. importunit\'82.] The quality of being importunate; pressing or pertinacious solicitation; urgent request; incessant or frequent application; troublesome pertinacity. O'ercome with importunity and tears. Milton. Importuous Im*por"tu*ous (?), a. [L. importuosus; pref.im- not + portuosus abounding in harbors, fr. portus harbor.] Without a port or harbor. [R.] Imposable Im*pos"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. imposable.] Capable of being imposed or laid on. Hammond. Imposableness Im*pos"a*ble*ness, n. Quality of being imposable. Impose Im*pose" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imposed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Imposing.] [F. imposer; pref. im- in + poser to place. See Pose, v. t.] 1. To lay on; to set or place; to put; to deposit. Cakes of salt and barley [she] did impose Within a wicker basket. Chapman. 2. To lay as a charge, burden, tax, duty, obligation, command, penalty, etc.; to enjoin; to levy; to inflict; as, to impose a toll or tribute. What fates impose, that men must needs abide. Shak. Death is the penalty imposed. Milton. Thou on the deep imposest nobler laws. Waller. 3. (Eccl.) To lay on, as the hands, in the religious rites of confirmation and ordination. 4. (Print.) To arrange in proper order on a table of stone or metal and lock up in a chase for printing; -- said of columns or pages of type, forms, etc. Impose Im*pose", v. i. To practice trick or deception. To impose on OR upon, to pass or put a trick on; to delude. "He imposes on himself, and mistakes words for things." Locke. Impose Im*pose", n. A command; injunction. [Obs.] Shak. Imposement Im*pose"ment (?), n. Imposition. [Obs.] Imposer Im*pos"er (?), n. One who imposes. The imposers of these oaths might repent. Walton. Imposing Im*pos"ing, a. 1. Laying as a duty; enjoining. 2. Adapted to impress forcibly; impressive; commanding; as, an imposing air; an imposing spectacle. "Large and imposing edifices." Bp. Hobart. 3. Deceiving; deluding; misleading. Imposing Im*pos"ing, n. (Print.) The act of imposing the columns of a page, or the pages of a sheet. See Impose, v. t., 4. Imposing stone (Print.), the stone on which the pages or columns of types are imposed or made into forms; -- called also imposing table. Imposingly Im*pos"ing*ly, adv. In an imposing manner. Imposingness Im*pos"ing*ness, n. The quality of being imposing. Imposition Im`po*si"tion (?), n. [F., fr. L. impositio the application of a name to a thing. See Impone.] 1. The act of imposing, laying on, affixing, enjoining, inflicting, obtruding, and the like. "From imposition of strict laws." Milton. Made more solemn by the imposition of hands. Hammond. 2. That which is imposed, levied, or enjoined; charge; burden; injunction; tax. 3. (Eng. Univ.) An extra exercise enjoined on students as a punishment. T. Warton. 4. An excessive, arbitrary, or unlawful exaction; hence, a trick or deception put on laid on others; cheating; fraud; delusion; imposture. Reputation is an idle and most false imposition. Shak. 5. (Eccl.) The act of laying on the hands as a religious ceremoy, in ordination, confirmation, etc. 6. (Print.) The act or process of imosing pages or columns of type. See Impose, v. t., 4. Syn. -- Deceit; fraud; imposture. See Deception. Impossibility Im*pos`si*bil"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Impossibilities (#). [L. impossibilitas: cf. F. impossibilit\'82.] 1. The quality of being impossible; impracticability. They confound difficulty with impossibility. South. 2. An impossible thing; that which can not be thought, done, or endured. Impossibilities! O, no, there's none. Cowley. 3. Inability; helplessness. [R.] Latimer. Logical impossibility, a condition or statement involving contradiction or absurdity; as, that a thing can be and not be at the same time. See Principle of Contradiction, under Contradiction. Impossible Im*pos"si*ble (?), a. [F., fr. L. impossibilis; pref. im- not + possibilis possible. See Possible.] Not possible; incapable of being done, of existing, etc.; unattainable in the nature of things, or by means at command; insuperably difficult under the circumstances; absurd or impracticable; not feasible. With men this is impossible; but with God all things are possible. Matt. xix. 26. Without faith it is impossible to please him. Heb. xi. 6. Impossible quantity (Math.), an imagnary quantity. See Imaginary. Syn. -- See Impracticable. Impossible Im*pos"si*ble, n. An impossibility. [Obs.] "Madam," quoth he, "this were an impossible!" Chaucer. Impossibly Im*pos"si*bly, adv. Not possibly. Sir. T. North. Impost Im"post (?), n. [OF. impost, F. impot, LL. impostus, fr. L. impostus, p. p. of imponere to impose. See Impone.] 1. That which is imposed or levied; a tax, tribute, or duty; especially, a duty or tax laid by goverment on goods imported into a country. Even the ship money . . . Johnson could not pronounce to have been an unconstitutional impost. Macaulay. 2. (Arch.) The top member of a pillar, pier, wall, etc., upon which the weight of an arch rests. NOTE: &hand; Th e im post is called continuous, if the moldings of the arch or architrave run down the jamb or pier without a break. Syn. -- Tribute; excise; custom; duty; tax. Imposthumate Im*post"hu*mate (?), v. t. [See Imposthume.] To apostemate; to form an imposthume or abscess. Arbuthnot. Imposthumate Im*post"hu*mate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imposthumated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Imposthumating (?).] To affect with an imposthume or abscess. Imposthumate Im*post"hu*mate (?), a. Imposthumated. Imposthumation Im*post`hu*ma"tion (?), n. 1. The act of forming an abscess; state of being inflamed; suppuration. 2. An abscess; an imposthume. Coxe. Imposthume Im*post"hume (?), n. [A corruption of aposteme. See Aposteme.] A collection of pus or purulent matter in any part of an animal body; an abscess. Imposthume Im*post"hume, v. t. & i. Same as Imposthumate. Impostor Im*pos"tor (?), n. [L. impostor a deceiver, fr. imponere to impose upon, deceive. See Impone.] One who imposes upon others; a person who assumes a character or title not his own, for the purpose of deception; a pretender. "The fraudulent impostor foul." Milton. Syn. -- Deceiver; cheat; rogue. See Deceiver. Impostorship Im*pos"tor*ship, n. The condition, character, or practice of an impostor. Milton. Impostress, Impostrix Im*pos"tress (?), Im*pos"trix (?), n. [LL. impostrix. See Impostor.] A woman who imposes upon or deceives others. [R.] Fuller. Impostrous Im*pos"trous (?), n. Characterized by imposture; deceitful. "Impostrous pretense of knowledge." Grote. Imposturage Im*pos"tur*age (?), n. Imposture; cheating. [R.] Jer. Taylor. Imposture Im*pos"ture (?), n. [L. impostura: cf. F. imposture. See Impone.] The act or conduct of an impostor; deception practiced under a false or assumed character; fraud or imposition; cheating. From new legends And fill the world with follies and impostures. Johnson. Syn. -- Cheat; fraud; trick; imposition; delusion. Impostured Im*pos"tured (?), a. Done by imposture. [Obs.] Imposturous Im*pos"tur*ous (?), a. Impostrous; deceitful. Strictness fales and impostrous. Beau. & Fl. Impostury Im*pos"tur*y (?), n. Imposture. [Obs.] Fuller. Impotence, Impotency Im"po*tence (?), Im"po*ten*cy (?), n. [L. impotenia inability, poverty, want of moderation. See Impotent.] 1. The quality or condition of being impotent; want of strength or power, animal, intellectual, or moral; weakness; feebleness; inability; imbecility. Some were poor by impotency of nature; as young fatherless children, old decrepit persons, idiots, and cripples. Hayward. O, impotence of mind in body strong! Milton. 2. Want of self-restraint or self-control. [R.] Milton. 3. (Law & Med.) Want of procreative power; inability to copulate, or beget children; also, sometimes, sterility; barrenness. Impotent Im"po*tent (?), a. [F. impotent, L. impotens, -entis; pref. im- not + potens potent, powerful. See Potent.] 1. Not potent; wanting power, strength. or vigor. whether physical, intellectual, or moral; deficient in capacity; destitute of force; weak; feeble; infirm. There sat a certain man at Lystra, impotent inhis feet. Acts xiv. 8. O most lame and impotent conclusion! Shak. Not slow to hear, Nor impotent to save. Addison. 2. Wanting the power of self-restraint; incontrolled; ungovernable; violent. Impotent of tongue, her silence broke. Dryden. 3. (Med.) Wanting the power of procreation; unable to copulate; also, sometimes, sterile; barren. Impotent Im"po*tent, n. One who is imoitent. [R.] Shak. Impotently Im"po*tent*ly, adv. In an impotent manner. Impound Im*pound" (, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impounded; p. pr. & vb. n. Impounding.] To shut up or place in an inclosure called a pound; hence, to hold in the custody of a court; as, to impound stray cattle; to impound a document for safe keeping. But taken and impounded as a stray, The king of Scots. Shak. _________________________________________________________________ Page 738 Impoundage Im*pound"age (?), n. 1. The act of impounding, or the state of being impounded. 2. The fee or fine for impounding. Impounder Im*pound"er (?), n. One who impounds. Impoverish Im*pov"er*ish (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impoverished (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Impoverishing.] [OF. empovrir; pref. em- (L. in) + povre poor, F. pauvre; cf. OF. apovrir, F. appauvrir, where the prefix is a-, L. ad. Cf. Empoverish, and see Poor, and -ish.] 1. To make poor; to reduce to poverty or indigence; as, misfortune and disease impoverish families. 2. To exhaust the strength, richness, or fertility of; to make sterile; as, to impoverish land. Impoverisher Im*pov"er*ish*er (?), n. One who, or that which, impoverishes. Impoverishment Im*pov"er*ish*ment (?), n. [Cf. OF. empoverissement, and F. appauvrissement.] The act of impoverishing, or the state of being impoverished; reduction to poverty. Sir W. Scott. Impower Im*pow"er (?), v. t. See Empower. Imp-pole Imp"-pole` (, n. (Building) A pole for supporting a scaffold. Impracticability Im*prac`ti*ca*bil"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Impracticabilities (. 1. The state or quality of being impracticable; infeasibility. Goldsmith. 2. An impracticable thing. 3. Intractableness; stubbornness. Impracticable Im*prac"ti*ca*ble (?), a. 1. Not practicable; incapable of being performed, or accomplished by the means employed, or at command; impossible; as, an impracticable undertaking. 2. Not to be overcome, presuaded, or controlled by any reasonable method; unmanageable; intractable; not capable of being easily dealt with; -- used in a general sense, as applied to a person or thing that is difficult to control or get along with. This though, impracticable heart Is governed by a dainty-fingered girl. Rowe. Patriotic butloyal men went away disguested afresh with the impracticable arrogance of a sovereign. Palfrey. 3. Incapable of being used or availed of; as, an impracticable road; an impracticable method. Syn. -- Impossible; infeasible. -- Impracticable, Impossible. A thing is impracticable when it can not be accomplished by any human means at present possessed; a thing is impossible when the laws of nature forbid it. The navigation of a river may now be impracticable, but not impossible, because the existing obstructions may yet be removed. "The barons exercised the most despotic authority over their vassals, and every scheme of public utility was rendered impracticable by their continued petty wars with each other." Mickle. "With men this is impossible, but with God all things are possible." Matt. xix. 26. Impracticableness Im*prac"ti*ca*ble*ness, n. The state or quality of being impracticable; impracticability. Impracticably Im*prac"ti*ca*bly, adv. In an impracticable manner. Morality not impracticably rigid. Johnson. Impractical Im*prac"ti*cal (?), a. Not practical. Imprecate Im"pre*cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imprecated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Imprecating (?).] [L. imprecatus, p. p. of imprecari to imprecate; pref. im- in, on + precari to pray. See Pray.] 1. To call down by prayer, as something hurtful or calamitous. Imprecate the vengeance of Heaven on the guilty empire. Mickle. 2. To invoke evil upon; to curse; to swear at. In vain we blast the ministers of Fate, And the forlorn physicians imprecate. Rochester. Imprecation Im`pre*ca"tion (?), n. [L. imprecatio: cf. F. impr\'82cation.] The act of imprecating, or unvoking evil upon any one; a player that a curse or calamnity may fall on any one; a curse. Men cowered like slaves before such horrid imprecations. Motley. Syn. -- Malediction; curse; execration; anathema. See Malediction. Imprecatory Im"pre*ca*to*ry (?), a. Of the nature of, or containing, imprecation; invokingevil; as, the imprecatory psalms. Imprecision Im`pre*ci"sion (?), n. Want of precision. [R.] Impregn Im*pregn" (?), v. t. [Cf. F. impregner. See Impregnate.] To impregnate; to make fruitful. [Obs.] His perniciousss words, impregned With reason. Milton. Semele doth Bacchus bear Impregned of Jove. Dr. H. More. Impregnability Im*preg`na*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being impregnable; invincibility. Impregnable Im*preg"na*ble (?), a. [F. imprenable; pref. im- not + prenable pregnable, fr. prendre to take, L. prehendere. See Comprehend, Get to obtain.] Not to be stormed, or taken by assault; incapable of being subdued; able to resist attack; unconquerable; as, an impregnable fortress; impregnable virtue. The man's affection remains wholly unconcerned and impregnable. South. -- Im*preg"na*ble*ness, n. -- Im*preg"na*bly, adv. Impregnable Im*preg"na*ble (?), a. [See Impregnate.] (Biol.) Capable of being impregnated, as the egg of an animal, or the ovule of a plant. Impregnant Im*preg"nant (?), n. [See Impregnate.] That which impregnates. [R.] Glanvill. Impregnant Im*preg"nant, a. [Pref. im- not + pregnant.] Not pregnant; unfertilized or infertile. [R.] Impregnate Im*preg"nate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impregnated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Impregnating (?).] [LL. impraegnatus, p. p. of impraegnare to impregnate, fr. L. pref. im- in + praegnans pregnant. See Pregnant.] 1. To make pregnant; to cause to conceive; to render prolific; to get with child or young. 2. (Biol.) To come into contact with (an ovum or egg) so as to cause impregnation; to fertilize; to fecundate. 3. To infuse an active principle into; to render frutful or fertile in any way; to fertilize; to imbue. 4. To infuse particles of another substance into; to communicate the quality of another to; to cause to be filled, imbued, mixed, or furnished (with something); as, to impregnate India rubber with sulphur; clothing impregnated with contagion; rock impregnated with ore. Impregnate Im*preg"nate (?), v. i. To become pregnant. Addison. Impregnate Im*preg"nate (?), a. [LL. impraegnatus, p. p.] Impregnated; made prolific. The scorching ray Here pierceth not, impregnate with disease. Byron. Impregnation Im`preg*na"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. impr\'82gnation, LL. impraegnatio.] 1. The act of impregnating or the state of being impregnated; fecundation. 2. (Biol.) The fusion of a female germ cell (ovum) with a male germ cell (in animals, a spermatozo\'94n) to form a single new cell endowed with the power of developing into a new individual; fertilization; fecundation. NOTE: &hand; In th e br oadest bi ological sense, impregnation, or sexual generation, consists simply in the coalescence of two similar masses of protoplasmic matter, either derived from different parts of the same organism or from two distinct organisms. From the single mass, which results from the fusion, or coalescence, of these two masses, a new organism develops. 3. That with which anything is impregnated. Derham. 4. Intimate mixture; influsion; saturation. 5. (Mining) An ore deposit, with indefinite boundaries, consisting of rock impregnated with ore. Raymond. Imprejudicate Im`pre*ju"di*cate (?), a. Not prejuged; unprejudiced; impartial. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Imprenable Im*pre"na*ble (?), a. Impregnable. [Obs.] Impreparation Im*prep`a*ra"tion (?), n. Want of preparation. [Obs.] Hooker. Impresa Im*pre"sa (?), n. [It. See Emprise, and cf. Impress, n., 4.] (Her.) A device on a shield or seal, or used as a bookplate or the like. [Written also imprese and impress.] My impresa to your lordship; a swain Flying to a laurel for shelter. J. Webster. Impresario Im`pre*sa"ri*o (?), n.; pl. Impresarios (#). [It., from impresa enterprise.] The projector, manager, or conductor, of an opera or concert company. Imprescriptibility Im`pre*scrip`ti*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. imprescriptibilit\'82.] The quality of being imprescriptible. Imprescriptible Im`pre*scrip"ti*ble (?), a. [Pref. im- not + prescriptible: cf. F. imprescriptible.] 1. Not capable of being lost or impaired by neglect, by disuse, or by the claims of another founded on prescription. The right of navigation, fishing, and others that may be exercised on the sea, belonging to the right of mere ability, are imprescriptible. Vattel (Trans. ) 2. Not derived from, or dependent on, external authority; self-evidencing; obvious. The imprescriptible laws of the pure reason. Colerridge. Imprescriptibly Im`pre*scrip"ti*bly, adv. In an imprescriptible manner; obviously. Imprese Im*prese" (?), n. A device. See Impresa. An imprese, as the Italians call it, is a device in picture with his motto or word, borne by noble or learned personages. Camden. Impress Im*press" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impressed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Impressing.] [L. impressus, p. p. of imprimere to impress; pref. im- in, on + premere to press. See Press to squeeze, and cf. Imprint.] 1. To press, stamp, or print something in or upon; to mark by pressure, or as by pressure; to imprint (that which bears the impression). His heart, like an agate, with your print impressed. Shak. 2. To produce by pressure, as a mark, stamp, image, etc.; to imprint (a mark or figure upon something). 3. Fig.: To fix deeply in the mind; to present forcibly to the attention, etc.; to imprint; to inculcate. Impress the motives of persuasion upon our own hearts till we feel the force of them. I. Watts. 4. [See Imprest, Impress, n., 5.] To take by force for public service; as, to impress sailors or money. The second five thousand pounds impressed for the service of the sick and wounded prisoners. Evelyn. Impress Im*press", v. i. To be impressed; to rest. [Obs.] Such fiendly thoughts in his heart impress. Chaucer. Impress Im"press (?), n.; pl. Impresses (. 1. The act of impressing or making. 2. A mark made by pressure; an indentation; imprint; the image or figure of anything, formed by pressure or as if by pressure; result produced by pressure or influence. The impresses of the insides of these shells. Woodward. This weak impress of love is as a figure Trenched in ice. Shak. 3. Characteristic; mark of distinction; stamp. South. 4. A device. See Impresa. Cussans. To describe . . . emblazoned shields, Impresses quaint. Milton. 5. [See Imprest, Press to force into service.] The act of impressing, or taking by force for the public service; compulsion to serve; also, that which is impressed. Why such impress of shipwrights? Shak. Impress gang, a party of men, with an officer, employed to impress seamen for ships of war; a press gang. -- Impress money, a sum of money paid, immediately upon their entering service, to men who have been impressed. Impressibility Im*press`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being impressible; susceptibility. Impressible Im*press"i*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. impressible.] Capable of being impressed; susceptible; sensitive. -- Im*press"i*ble*ness, n. -- Im*press"i*bly, adv. Impression Im*pres"sion (?), n. [F. impression, L. impressio.] 1. The act of impressing, or the state of being impressed; the communication of a stamp, mold, style, or character, by external force or by influence. 2. That which is impressed; stamp; mark; indentation; sensible result of an influence exerted from without. The stamp and clear impression of good sense. Cowper. To shelter us from impressions of weather, we must spin, we must weave, we must build. Barrow. 3. That which impresses, or exercises an effect, action, or agency; appearance; phenomenon. [Obs.] Portentous blaze of comets and impressions in the air. Milton. A fiery impression falling from out of Heaven. Holland. 4. Influence or effect on the senses or the intellect hence, interest, concern. Reid. His words impression left. Milton. Such terrible impression made the dream. Shak. I have a father's dear impression, And wish, before I fall into my grave, That I might see her married. Ford. 5. An indistinct notion, remembrance, or belief. 6. Impressiveness; emphasis of delivery. Which must be read with an impression. Milton. 7. (Print.) The pressure of the type on the paper, or the result of such pressure, as regards its appearance; as, a heavy impression; a clear, or a poor, impression; also, a single copy as the result of printing, or the whole edition printed at a given time. Ten impressions which his books have had. Dryden. 8. In painting, the first coat of color, as the priming in house painting and the like. [R.] 9. (Engraving) A print on paper from a wood block, metal plate, or the like. Proof impression, one of the early impressions taken from an engraving, before the plate or block is worn. Impressionability Im*pres`sion*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being impressionable. Impresionable Im*pres"ion*a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. impressionnable.] Liable or subject to impression; capable of being molded; susceptible; impressible. He was too impressionable; he had too much of the temperament of genius. Motley. A pretty face and an impressionable disposition. T. Hook. Impressionableness Im*pres"sion*a*ble*ness, n. The quality of being impressionable. Impressionism Im*pres"sion*ism (?), n. [F. impressionnisme.] (Fine Arts) The theory or method of suggesting an effect or impression without elaboration of the details; -- a disignation of a recent fashion in painting and etching. Impressionist Im*pres"sion*ist, n. [F. impressionniste.] (Fine Arts) One who adheres to the theory or method of impressionism, so called. Impressionistic Im*pres`sion*is"tic (?), a. Pertaining to, or characterized by, impressionism. Impressionless Im*pres"sion*less, a. Having the quality of not being impressed or affected; not susceptible. Impressive Im*press"ive (?), a. [Cf. F. impressif.] 1. Making, or tending to make, an impression; having power to impress; adapted to excite attention and feeling, to touch the sensibilities, or affect the conscience; as, an impressive discourse; an impressive scene. 2. Capable of being impressed. [Obs.] Drayton. - Im*press"ive*ly, adv. -- Im*press"ive*ness, n. Impressment Im*press"ment (?), n. The act of seizing for public use, or of impressing into public service; compulsion to serve; as, the impressment of provisions or of sailors. The great scandal of our naval service -- impressment -- died a protracted death. J. H. Burton. Impressor Im*press"or (?), n. [LL., a printer.] One who, or that which, impresses. Boyle. Impressure Im*pres"sure (?), n. [Cf. OF. impressure, LL. impressura.] Dent; impression. [Obs.] Shak. Imprest Im*prest" (, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Imprested; p. pr. & vb. n. Impresting.] [Pref. im- + prest: cf. It. imprestare. See Prest, n.] To advance on loan. Burke. Imprest Im"prest (?), n. [Cf. It. impresto, imprestito, LL. impraestitum. See Imprest, v. t., and Impress compulsion to serve.] A kind of earnest money; loan; -- specifically, money advanced for some public service, as in enlistment. Burke. The clearing of their imprests for what little of their debts they have received. Pepys. Imprevalence, Imprevalency Im*prev"a*lence (?), Im*prev"a*len*cy (?), n. Want of prevalence. [Obs.] Impreventability Im`pre*vent`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The state or quality of being impreventable. [R.] Impreventable Im`pre*vent"a*ble (?), a. Not preventable; invitable. Imprimatur Im`pri*ma"tur (?), n. [L., let it be printed.] (Law) A license to print or publish a book, paper, etc.; also, in countries subjected to the censorship of the press, approval of that which is published. Imprimery Im*prim"er*y (?), n. [F. imprimerie, fr. imprimer to imprint.] [Obs.] (a) A print; impression. (b) A printing establishment. (c) The art of printing. Impriming Im*prim"ing (?), n. A begining. [Obs.] "Their springings and imprimings." Sir H. Wotton. Imprimis Im*pri"mis (?), adv. [L., for in primis among the first, chiefly; in in + primus first.] In the first place; first in order. Imprint Im*print" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imptrinted; p. pr. & vb. n. Imprinting.] [OE. emprenten, F. empreint, p. p. of empreindre to imprint, fr. L. imprimere to impres, imprint. See 1st In-, Print, and cf. Impress.] 1. To impress; to mark by pressure; to indent; to stamp. And sees his num'rous herds imprint her sands. Prior. 2. To stamp or mark, as letters on paper, by means of type, plates, stamps, or the like; to print the mark (figures, letters, etc., upon something). Nature imprints upon whate'er we see, That has a heart and life in it, "Be free." Cowper. 3. To fix indelibly or permanently, as in the mind or memory; to impress. Ideas of those two different things distinctly imprinted on his mind. Locke. _________________________________________________________________ Page 739 Imprint Im"print (?), n. [Cf. F. empreinte impress, stamp. See Imprint, v. t.] Whatever is impressed or imprinted; the impress or mark left by something; specifically, the name of the printer or publisher (usually) with the time and place of issue, in the title-page of a book, or on any printed sheet. "That imprint of their hands." Buckle. Imprison Im*pris"on (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imprisoned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Imprisoning.] [OE. enprisonen, OF. enprisoner, F. emprisonner; pref. en- (L. in) + F. & OF. prison. See Prison.] 1. To put in prison or jail; To arrest and detain in custody; to confine. He imprisoned was in chains remediles. Spenser. 2. To limit, restrain, or confine in any way. Try to imprison the resistless wind. Dryden. Syn. -- To incarcerate; confine; immure. Imprisoner Im*pris"on*er (?), n. One who imprisons. Imprison ment Im*pris"on ment (?), n. [OE. enprisonment; F. emprisonnement.] The act of imprisoning, or the state of being imprisoned; confinement; restraint. His sinews waxen weak and raw Through long imprisonment and hard constraint. Spenser. Every confinement of the person is an imprisonment, whether it be in a common prison, or in a private house, or even by foreibly detaining one in the public streets. Blackstone. False imprisonment. (Law) See under False. Syn. -- Incarceration; custody; confinement; durance; restraint. Improbability Im*prob`a*bil"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Improbabilities (#). [Cf. F. improbabilit\'82.] The quality or state of being improbable; unlikelihood; also, that which is improbable; an improbable event or result. Improbable Im*prob"a*ble (?), a. [L. improbabilis; pref. im- not + probabilis probable: cf. F. improbable. See Probable.] Not probable; unlikely to be true; not to be expected under the circumstances or in the usual course of events; as, an improbable story or event. He . . . sent to Elutherius, then bishop of Rome, an improbable letter, as some of the contents discover. Milton. -- Im*prob"a*ble*ness, n. -- Im*prob"a*bly, adv. Improbate Im"pro*bate (?), v. t. [L. improbatus, p. p. of improbare to disapprove; pref. im- not + probare to approve.] To disapprove of; to disallow. [Obs.] Improbation Im`pro*ba"tion (?), n. [L. improbatio.] 1. The act of disapproving; disapprobation. 2. (Scots Law) The act by which falsehood and forgery are proved; an action brought for the purpose of having some instrument declared false or forged. Bell. Improbative, Improbatory Im"pro*ba*tive (?), Im"pro*ba`to*ry (?), a. Implying, or tending to, improbation. Improbity Im*prob"i*ty (?), n. [L. improbitas; pref. im- not + probitas probity: cf. F. improbit\'82.] Lack of probity; want of integrity or rectitude; dishonesty. Persons . . . cast out for notorious improbity. Hooker. Improficience, Improficiency Im`pro*fi"cience (?), Im`pro*fi"cien*cy, n. Want of proficiency. [R.] Bacon. Improfitable Im*prof"it*a*ble (?), a. [Pref. im- not + profitable: cf. F. improfitable.] Unprofitable. [Obs.] Improgressive Im`pro*gress"ive (?), a. Not progressive. De Quincey. -- Im"pro*gress"ive*ly, adv. Improlific Im`pro*lif"ic (?), a. [Pref. im- not + prolific: cf. F. improlifique.] Not prolific. [Obs.] E. Waterhouse. Improlificate Im`pro*lif"ic*ate (?), v. t. [Pref. im- in + prolificate.] To impregnate. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Imprompt Im*prompt" (?), a. Not ready. [R.] Sterne. Impromptu Im*promp"tu (?), adv. OR a. [F. impromptu, fr. L. in promptu in readiness, at hand; in in + promptus visibility, readiness, from promptus visible, ready. See Prompt.] Offhand; without previous study; extemporaneous; extempore; as, an impromptu verse. Impromptu Im*promp"tu, n. 1. Something made or done offhand, at the moment, or without previous study; an extemporaneous composition, address, or remark. 2. (Mus.) A piece composed or played at first thought; a composition in the style of an extempore piece. Improper Im*prop"er (?), a. [F. impropre, L. improprius; pref. im- not + proprius proper. See Proper.] 1. Not proper; not suitable; not fitted to the circumstances, design, or end; unfit; not becoming; incongruous; inappropriate; indecent; as, an improper medicine; improper thought, behavior, language, dress. Follow'd his enemy king, and did him service, Improper for a slave. Shak. And to their proper operation still, Ascribe all Good; to their improper, Ill. Pope. 2. Not peculiar or appropriate to individuals; general; common. [Obs.] Not to be adorned with any art but such improper ones as nature is said to bestow, as singing and poetry. J. Fletcher. 3. Not according to facts; inaccurate; erroneous. Improper diphthong. See under Diphthong. -- Improper feud, an originalfeud, not earned by military service. Mozley & W. -- Improper fraction. See under Fraction. Improper Im*prop"er, v. t. To appropriate; to limit. [Obs.] He would in like manner improper and inclose the sunbeams to comfort the rich and not the poor. Jewel. Improperation Im*prop`er*a"tion (?), n. [L. improperare, improperatum, to taunt.] The act of upbraiding or taunting; a reproach; a taunt. [Obs.] Improperatios and terms of scurrility. Sir T. Browne Improperia Im`pro*pe"ri*a (?), n. pl. [L., reproaches.] (Mus.) A series of antiphons and responses, expressing the sorrowful remonstrance of our Lord with his people; -- sung on the morning of the Good Friday in place of the usual daily Mass of the Roman ritual. Grove. Improperly Im*prop"er*ly (?), adv. In an improper manner; not properly; unsuitably; unbecomingly. Improperty Im*prop"er*ty (?), n. Impropriety. [Obs.] Impropitious Im`pro*pi"tious (?), a. Unpropitious; unfavorable. [Obs.] "Dreams were impropitious." Sir H. Wotton. Improportionable Im`pro*por"tion*a*ble (?), a. Not proportionable. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Improportionate Im`pro*por"tion*ate (?), a. Not proportionate. [Obs.] Impropriate Im*pro"pri*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impropriated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Impropriating (?).] [Pref. im- in + L. propriatus, p. p. of propriare to appropriate. See Appropriate.] 1. To appropriate to one's self; to assume. [Obs.] To impropriate the thanks to himself. Bacon. 2. (Eng. Eccl. Law) To place the profits of (ecclesiastical property) in the hands of a layman for care and disbursement. Impropriate Im*pro"pri*ate, v. i. To become an impropriator. [R.] Impropriate Im*pro"pri*ate (?), a. (Eng. Eccl. Law) Put into the hands of a layman; impropriated. Impropriation Im*pro`pri*a"tion (?), n. 1. The act of impropriating; as, the impropriation of property or tithes; also, that which is impropriated. 2. (Eng. Eccl. Law) (a) The act of putting an ecclesiastical benefice in the hands of a layman, or lay corporation. (b) A benefice in the hands of a layman, or of a lay corporation. Impropriator Im*pro"pri*a`tor (?), n. One who impropriates; specifically, a layman in possession of church property. Impropriatrix Im*pro`pri*a"trix (?), n.; pl. E. -trixes, L. -trices (. A female impropriator. Impropriety Im`pro*pri"e*ty (?), n.; pl. Improprieties (#). [L. improprietas; cf. F. impropri\'82t\'82. See Improper.] 1. The quality of being improper; unfitness or unsuitableness to character, time place, or circumstances; as, improperiety of behavior or manners. 2. That which is improper; an unsuitable or improper act, or an inaccurate use of language. But every language has likewise its improprieties and absurdities. Johnson. Many gross improprieties, however authorized by practice, ought to be discarded. Swift. Improsperity Im`pros*per"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. improsp\'82rit\'82.] Want of prosperity. [Obs.] Improsperous Im*pros"per*ous (?), a. [Pref. im- not + prosperous: cf. F. improsp\'8are, L. improsper.] Not prosperous. [Obs.] Dryden. -- Im*pros"per*ous*ly, adv. [Obs.] -- Im*pros"per*ous*ness, n. [Obs.] Improvability Im*prov`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The state or quality of being improvable; improvableness. Improvable Im*prov"a*ble (?), a. [From Improve.] 1. Capable of being improved; susceptible of improvement; admitting of being made better; capable of cultivation, or of being advanced in good qualities. Man is accommodated with moral principles, improvable by the exercise of his faculties. Sir M. Hale. I have a fine spread of improvable lands. Addison. 2. Capable of being used to advantage; profitable; serviceable; advantageous. The essays of weaker heads afford improvable hints to better. Sir T. Browne. -- Im*pro"a*ble*ness, n. -- Im*prov"a*bly, adv. Improve Im*prove" (?), v. t. [Pref. im- not + prove: cf. L. improbare, F. improuver.] 1. To disprove or make void; to refute. [Obs.] Neither can any of them make so strong a reason which another can not improve. Tyndale. 2. To disapprove; to find fault with; to reprove; to censure; as, to improve negligence. [Obs.] Chapman. When he rehearsed his preachings and his doing unto the high apostles, they could improve nothing. Tyndale. Improve Im*prove", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Improved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Improving.] [Pref. in- in + prove, in approve. See Approve, Prove.] 1. To make better; to increase the value or good qualities of; to ameliorate by care or cultivation; as, to improve land. Donne. I love not to improve the honor of the living by impairing that of the dead. Denham. 2. To use or employ to good purpose; to make productive; to turn to profitable account; to utilize; as, to improve one's time; to improve his means. Shak. We shall especially honor God by improving diligently the talents which God hath committed to us. Barrow. A hint that I do not remember to have seen opened and improved. Addison. The court seldom fails to improve the oppotunity. Blackstone. How doth the little busy bee Improve each shining hour. I. Watts. Those moments were diligently improved. Gibbon. True policy, as well as good faith, in my opinion, binds us to improve the occasion. Washington. 3. To advance or increase by use; to augment or add to; -- said with reference to what is bad. [R.] We all have, I fear, . . . not a little improved the wretched inheritance of our ancestors. Bp. Porteus. Syn. -- To better; meliorate; ameliorate; advance; heighten; mend; correct; recify; amend; reform. Improve Im*prove", v. i. 1. To grow better; to advance or make progress in what is desirable; to make or show improvement; as, to improve in health. We take care to improve in our frugality and diligence. Atterbury. 2. To advance or progress in bad qualities; to grow worse. "Domitain improved in cruelty." Milner. 3. To increase; to be enhanced; to rise in value; as, the price of cotton improves. To improve on OR upon, to make useful additions or amendments to, or changes in; to bring nearer to perfection; as, to improve on the mode of tillage. Improvement Im*prove"ment (?), n. 1. The act of improving; advancement or growth; promotion in desirable qualities; progress toward what is better; melioration; as, the improvement of the mind, of land, roads, etc. I look upon your city as the best place of improvement. South. Exercise is the chief source of improvement in all our faculties. Blair. 2. The act of making profitable use or applicaton of anything, or the state of being profitably employed; a turning to good account; practical application, as of a doctrine, principle, or theory, stated in a discourse. "A good improvement of his reason." S. Clarke. I shall make some improvement of this doctrine. Tillotson. 3. The state of being improved; betterment; advance; also, that which is improved; as, the new edition is an improvement on the old. The parts of Sinon, Camilla, and some few others, are improvements on the Greek poet. Addison. 4. Increase; growth; progress; advance. There is a design of publishing the history of architecture, with its several improvements and decays. Addison. Those vices which more particularly receive improvement by prosperity. South. 5. pl. Valuable additions or betterments, as buildings, clearings, drains, fences, etc., on premises. 6. (Patent Laws) A useful addition to, or modification of, a machine, manufacture, or composition. Kent. Improver Im*prov"er (?), n. One who, or that which, improves. Improvided Im`pro*vid"ed (?), a. Unforeseen; unexpected; not provided against; unprepared. [Obs.] All improvided for dread of death. E. Hall. Improvidence Im*prov"i*dence (?), n. [L. improvidentia; OF. improvidence. Cf. Imprudence.] The quality of being improvident; want of foresight or thrift. The improvidence of my neighbor must not make me inhuman. L'Estrange. Improvident Im*prov"i*dent (?), a. [Pref. im- not + provident: cf. L. improvidus. See Provident, and cf. Imprudent.] Not provident; wanting foresight or forethought; not foreseeing or providing for the future; negligent; thoughtless; as, an improvident man. Improvident soldires! had your watch been good, This sudden mischief never could have fallen. Shak. Syn. -- Inconsiderable; negligent; careless; shiftless; prodigal; wasteful. Improvidentially Im*prov`i*den"tial*ly (?), adv. Improvidently. [R.] Improvidently Im*prov"i*dent*ly (?), adv. In a improvident manner. "Improvidently rash." Drayton. Improving Im*prov"ing (?), a. Tending to improve, beneficial; growing better. -- Im*prov"ing*ly, adv. Improving lease (Scots Law), an extend lease to induce the tenant to make improvements on the premises. Improvisate Im*prov"i*sate (?), a. [See Improvise.] Unpremeditated; impromptu; extempore. [R.] Improvisate Im*prov"i*sate (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Improvisated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Improvisating (?).] To improvise; to extemporize. Improvisation Im*prov`i*sa"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. improvisation.] 1. The act or art of composing and rendering music, poetry, and the like, extemporaneously; as, improvisation on the organ. 2. That which is improvised; an impromptu. Improvisatize Im`pro*vis"a*tize (?), v. t. & i. Same as Improvisate. Improvisator Im*prov"i*sa`tor (?), n. An improviser, or improvvisatore. Improvisatore Im`pro*vi`sa*to"re (?), n. See Improvvisatore. Improvisatorial, Improvisatory Im*prov`i*sa*to"ri*al (?), Im*prov"i*sa*to*ry (?), a. Of or pertaining to improvisation or extemporaneous composition. Improvisatrice Im`pro*vi`sa*tri"ce (?), n. See Improvvisatrice. Improvise Im`pro*vise" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Improvised (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Improvising.] [F. improviser, it. improvvisare, fr. improvviso unprovided, sudden, extempore, L. improvisus; pref. im- not + provisus foreseen, provided. See Proviso.] 1. To compose, recite, or sing extemporaneously, especially in verse; to extemporize; also, to play upon an instrument, or to act, extemporaneously. 2. To bring about, arrange, or make, on a sudden, or without previous preparation. Charles attempted to improvise a peace. Motley. 3. To invent, or provide, offhand, or on the spur of the moment; as, he improvised a hammer out of a stone. Improvise Im`pro*vise", v. i. To produce or render extemporaneous compositions, especially in verse or in music, without previous preparation; hence, to do anything offhand. Improviser Im`pro*vis"er (?), n. One who improvises. Improvision Im`pro*vi"sion (?), n. [Pref. im- not + provision.] Improvidence. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Improviso Im`pro*vi"so (?), a. [L. improvisus unforeseen; cf. It. improvviso.] Not prepared or mediated beforehand; extemporaneous. [Obs.] Jonhson. Improvvisatore Im`prov*vi`sa*to"re (?), n.; pl. Improvvisatori (#). [It. See Improvise.] One who composes and sings or recites rhymes and short poems extemporaneously. [Written also improvisatore.] Improvvisatrice Im`prov*vi`sa*tri"ce (?), n.; pl. Improvvisatrici (#). [It. See Improvise.] A female improvvisatore. [Written also improvisatrice.] Imprudence Im*pru"dence (?), n. [L. imprudentia: cf. F. imprudence. Cf. Improvidence.] The quality or state of being imprudent; want to caution, circumspection, or a due regard to consequences; indiscretion; inconsideration; reshness; also, an imprudent act; as, he was guilty of an imprudence. His serenity was interrupted, perhaps, by his own imprudence. Mickle. Imprudent Im*pru"dent (?), a. [L. imprudens; pref. im- not + prudens prudent: cf. F. imprudent. See Prudent, and cf. Improvident.] Not prudent; wanting in prudence or discretion; indiscreet; injudicious; not attentive to consequence; improper. -- Im*pru"dent*ly, adv. Her majesty took a great dislike at the imprudent behavior of many of the ministers and readers. Strype. _________________________________________________________________ Page 740 Syn. -- Indiscreet; injudicious; incautious; ill-advised; unwise; heedless; careless; rash; negligent. Impuberal Im*pu"ber*al (?), a. Not having arrived at puberty; immature. In impuberal animals the cerebellum is, in proportion to the brain proper, greatly less than in adults. Sir W. Hamilton. Impuberty Im*pu"ber*ty (?), n. The condition of not having reached puberty, or the age of ability to reproduce one's species; want of age at which the marriage contract can be legally entered into. Impudence Im"pu*dence (?), n. [L. impudentia: cf. F. impudence. See Impudent.] The quality of being impudent; assurance, accompanied with a disregard of the presence or opinions of others; shamelessness; forwardness; want of modesty. Clear truths that their own evidence forces us to admit, or common experience makes it impudence to deny. Locke. Where pride and impudence (in fashion knit) Usurp the chair of wit. B. Jonson. Syn. -- Shamelessness; audacity; insolence; effrontery; sauciness; impertinence; pertness; rudeness. -- Impudence, Effrontery, Sauciness. Impudence refers more especially to the feelings as manifested in action. Effrontery applies to some gross and public exhibition of shamelessness. Sauciness refers to a sudden pert outbreak of impudence, especially from an inferior. Impudence is an unblushing kind of impertinence, and may be manifested in words, tones, gestures, looks, etc. Effrontery rises still higher, and shows a total or shameless disregard of duty or decorum under the circumstances of the case. Sauciness discovers itself toward particular individuals, in certain relations; as in the case of servants who are saucy to their masters, or children who are saucy to their teachers. See Impertinent, and Insolent. Impudency Im"pu*den*cy (?), n. Impudence. [Obs.] Burton. Audacious without impudency. Shak. Impudent Im"pu*dent (?), a. [L. impudens, -entis; pref. im- not + pudens ashamed, modest, p. pr. of pudere to feel shame: cf. F. impudent.] Bold, with contempt or disregard; unblushingly forward; impertinent; wanting modesty; shameless; saucy. More than impudent sauciness. Shak. When we behold an angel, not to fear Is to be impudent. Dryden. Syn. -- Shameless; audacious; brazen; bold-faced; pert; immodest; rude; saucy; impertinent; insolent. Impudently Im"pu*dent*ly, adv. In an impudent manner; with unbecoming assurance; shamelessly. At once assail With open mouths, and impudently rail. Sandys. Impudicity Im`pu*dic"i*ty (?), n. [L. impudicus immodest; im- not + pudicus shamefaced, modest: cf. F. impudicit\'82, L. impudicitia.] Immodesty. Sheldon. Impugn Im*pugn" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impugned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Impugning.] [OE. impugnen, F. impugner, fr. L. impugnare; in on, against + pugnare to flight. See Pugnacious.] To attack by words or arguments; to contradict; to assail; to call in question; to make insinuations against; to gainsay; to oppose. The truth hereof I will net rashly pugn, or overboldly affirm. Peacham. Impugnable Im*pugn"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being impugned; that may be gainsaid. Impugnation Im`pug*na"tion (?), n. [L. impugnatio: cf. OF. impugnation.] Act of impugning; opposition; attack. [Obs.] A perpetual impugnation and self-conflict. Bp. Hall. Impugner Im*pugn"er (?), n. One who impugns. Impugnment Im*pugn"ment (?), n. The act of impugning, or the state of being impugned. Ed. Rev. Impuissance Im*pu"is*sance (?), n. [Cf. F. impuissance.] Lack of power; inability. Bacon. Their own impuissance and weakness. Holland. Impuissant Im*pu"is*sant (?), a. [F., fr. pref. im- not + puissant. See Puissant.] Weak; impotent; feeble. Impulse Im"pulse (?), n. [L. impulsus, fr. impellere. See Impel.] 1. The act of impelling, or driving onward with sudden force; impulsion; especially, force so communicated as to produced motion suddenly, or immediately. All spontaneous animal motion is performed by mechanical impulse. S. Clarke. 2. The effect of an impelling force; motion produced by a sudden or momentary force. 3. (Mech.) The action of a force during a very small interval of time; the effect of such action; as, the impulse of a sudden blow upon a hard elastic body. 4. A mental force which simply and directly urges to action; hasty inclination; sudden motive; momentary or transient influence of appetite or passion; propension; incitement; as, a man of good impulses; passion often gives a violent impulse to the will. These were my natural impulses for the undertaking. Dryden. Syn. -- Force; incentive; influence; motive; feeling; incitement; instigation. Impulse Im*pulse" (?), v. t. [See Impel.] To impel; to incite. [Obs.] Pope. Impulsion Im*pul"sion (?), n. [L. impulsio: cf. F. impulsion. See Impel.] 1. The act of impelling or driving onward, or the state of being impelled; the sudden or momentary agency of a body in motion on another body; also, the impelling force, or impulse. "The impulsion of the air." Bacon. 2. Influence acting unexpectedly or temporarily on the mind; sudden motive or influence; impulse. "The impulsion of conscience." Clarendon. "Divine impulsion prompting." Milton. Impulsive Im*pul"sive (?), a. [Cf. F. impulsif.] 1. Having the power of driving or impelling; giving an impulse; moving; impellent. Poor men! poor papers! We and they Do some impulsive force obey. Prior. 2. Actuated by impulse or by transient feelings. My heart, impulsive and wayward. Longfellow. 3. (Mech.) Acting momentarily, or by impulse; not continuous; -- said of forces. Impulsive Im*pul"sive (?), n. That which impels or gives an impulse; an impelling agent. Sir W. Wotton. Impulsively Im*pul"sive*ly, adv. In an impulsive manner. Impulsiveness Im*pul"sive*ness, n. The quality of being impulsive. Impulsor Im*pul"sor (?), n. [L.] One who, or that which, impels; an inciter. [R.] Sir T. Browne. Impunctate Im*punc"tate (?), a. Not punctuate or dotted. Impunctual Im*punc"tu*al (?), a. [Pref. im- not + punctual: cf. F. imponctuel.] Not punctual. [R.] Impunctuality Im*punc`tu*al"i*ty (?), n. Neglect of, or failure in, punctuality. [R.] A. Hamilton. Impune Im*pune" (?), a. [L. impunis.] Unpunished. [R.] Impunibly Im*pu"ni*bly (?), adv. Without punishment; with impunity. [Obs.] J. Ellis. Impunity Im*pu"ni*ty (?), n. [L. impunitas, fr. impunis without punishment; pref. im- not + poena punishment: cf. F. impunit\'82. See Pain.] Exemption or freedom from punishment, harm, or loss. Heaven, though slow to wrath, Is neimpunity defied. Cowper. The impunity and also the recompense. Holland. Impuration Im`pu*ra"tion (?), n. Defilement; obscuration. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Impure Im*pure" (?), a. [L. impurus; pref. im- not + purus pure: cf. F. impur. See Pure.] 1. Not pure; not clean; dirty; foul; filthy; containing something which is unclean or unwholesome; mixed or impregnated extraneous substances; adulterated; as, impure water or air; impure drugs, food, etc. 2. Defiled by sin or guilt; unholy; unhallowed; -- said of persons or things. 3. Unchaste; lewd; unclean; obscene; as, impure language or ideas. "Impure desires." Cowper. 4. (Script.) Not purified according to the ceremonial law of Moses; unclean. 5. (Language) Not accurate; not idiomatic; as, impure Latin; an impure style. Impure Im*pure", v. t. To defile; to pollute. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Impurely Im*pure"ly, adv. In an impure manner. Impureness Im*pure"ness, n. The quality or condition of being impure; impurity. Milton. Impurity Im*pu"ri*ty (?), n.; pl. Impurities (#). [L. impuritas: cf. F. impuret\'82.] 1. The condition or quality of being impure in any sense; defilement; foulness; adulteration. Profaneness, impurity, or scandal, is not wit. Buckminster. 2. That which is, or which renders anything, impure; foul matter, action, language, etc.; a foreign ingredient. Foul impurities reigned among the monkish clergy. Atterbury. 3. (Script.) Want of ceremonial purity; defilement. Impurple Im*pur"ple (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Impurpled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Impurpling (?).] [Pref. im- in + purple. Cf. Empurple.] To color or tinge with purple; to make red or reddish; to purple; as, a field impurpled with blood. Impurpled with celestial roses, smiled. Milton. The silken fleece impurpled for the loom. Pope. Inputability In*put`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being imputable; imputableness. Imputable Im*put"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. imputable.] 1. That may be imputed; capable of being imputed; chargeable; ascribable; attributable; referable. A prince whose political vices, at least, were imputable to mental incapacity. Prescott. 2. Accusable; culpable. [R.] The fault lies at his door, and she is no wise imputable. Ayliffe. Imputableness Im*put"a*ble*ness, n. Quality of being imputable. Imputably Im*put"a*bly, adv. By imputation. Imputation Im`pu*ta"tion (?), [L. imputatio an account, a charge: cf. F. imputation.] 1. The act of imputing or charging; attribution; ascription; also, anything imputed or charged. Shylock. Antonio is a good man. Bassanio. Have you heard any imputation to the contrary? Shak. If I had a suit to Master Shallow, I would humor his men with the imputation of being near their master. Shak. 2. Charge or attribution of evil; censure; reproach; insinuation. Let us be careful to guard ourselves against these groundless imputation of our enemies. Addison. 3. (Theol.) A setting of something to the account of; the attribution of personal guilt or personal righteousness of another; as, the imputation of the sin of Adam, or the righteousness of Christ. 4. Opinion; intimation; hint. Imputative Im*put"a*tive (?), a. [L. imputativus: cf. F. imputatif.] Transferred by imputation; that may be imputed. -- Im*put"a*tive*ly, adv. Actual righteousness as well as imputative. Bp. Warburton. Impute Im*pute" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Imputed; p. pr. & vb. n. Imputing.] [F. imputer, L. imputare to bring into the reckoning, charge, impute; pref. im- in + putare to reckon, think. See Putative.] 1. To charge; to ascribe; to attribute; to set to the account of; to charge to one as the author, responsible originator, or possessor; -- generally in a bad sense. Nor you, ye proud, impute to these the fault, If memory o'er their tomb no trophies raise. Gray. One vice of a darker shade was imputed to him -- envy. Macaulay. 2. (Theol.) To adjudge as one's own (the sin or righteousness) of another; as, the righteousness of Christ is imputed to us. It was imputed to him for righteousness. Rom. iv. 22. They merit Imputed shall absolve them who renounce Their own, both righteous and unrighteous deeds. Milton. 3. To take account of; to consider; to regard. [R.] If we impute this last humiliation as the cause of his death. Gibbon. Syn. -- To ascribe; attribute; charge; reckon; consider; imply; insinuate; refer. See Ascribe. Imputer Im*put"er (?), n. One who imputes. Imputrescible Im`pu*tres"ci*ble (?), a. [Pref. im- + putrescible: cf. F. imputrescible.] Not putrescible. Imrigh Im"righ (?), n. [Scot.; Gael. chicken soup.] A peculiar strong soup or broth, made in Scotland. [Written also imrich.] In- In- (?). [See In, prep. Cf. Em-, En-.] A prefix from Eng. prep. in, also from Lat. prep. in, meaning in, into, on, among; as, inbred, inborn, inroad; incline, inject, intrude. In words from the Latin, in- regularly becomes il- before l, ir- before r, and im- before a labial; as, illusion, irruption, imblue, immigrate, impart. In- is sometimes used with an simple intensive force. In- In- (?). [L. in-; akin to E. un-. See Un-.] An inseparable prefix, or particle, meaning not, non-, un- as, inactive, incapable, inapt. In- regularly becomes il- before l, ir- before r, and im- before a labial. -in -in. A suffix. See the Note under -ine. In In, prep. [AS. in; akin to D. & G. in, Icel. \'c6, Sw. & Dan. i, OIr. & L. in, Gr. In-, Inn.] The specific signification of in is situation or place with respect to surrounding, environment, encompassment, etc. It is used with verbs signifying being, resting, or moving within limits, or within circumstances or conditions of any kind conceived of as limiting, confining, or investing, either wholly or in part. In its different applications, it approaches some of the meanings of, and sometimes is interchangeable with, within, into, on, at, of, and among. It is used: -- 1. With reference to space or place; as, he lives in Boston; he traveled in Italy; castles in the air. The babe lying in a manger. Luke ii. 16. Thy sun sets weeping in the lowly west. Shak. Situated in the forty-first degree of latitude. Gibbon. Matter for censure in every page. Macaulay. 2. With reference to circumstances or conditions; as, he is in difficulties; she stood in a blaze of light. "Fettered in amorous chains." Shak. Wrapt in sweet sounds, as in bright veils. Shelley. 3. With reference to a whole which includes or comprises the part spoken of; as, the first in his family; the first regiment in the army. Nine in ten of those who enter the ministry. Swift. 4. With reference to physical surrounding, personal states, etc., abstractly denoted; as, I am in doubt; the room is in darkness; to live in fear. When shall we three meet again, In thunder, lightning, or in rain? Shak. 5. With reference to character, reach, scope, or influence considered as establishing a limitation; as, to be in one's favor. "In sight of God's high throne." Milton. Sounds inharmonious in themselves, and harsh. Cowper. 6. With reference to movement or tendency toward a certain limit or environment; -- sometimes equivalent to into; as, to put seed in the ground; to fall in love; to end in death; to put our trust in God. He would not plunge his brother in despair. Addison. She had no jewels to deposit in their caskets. Fielding. 7. With reference to a limit of time; as, in an hour; it happened in the last century; in all my life. In as much as, OR Inasmuch as, in the degree that; in like manner as; in consideration that; because that; since. See Synonym of Because, and cf. For as much as, under For, prep. -- In that, because; for the reason that. "Some things they do in that they are men . . . ; some things in that they are men misled and blinded with error." Hooker. -- In the name of, in behalf of; on the part of; by authority; as, it was done in the name of the people; -- often used in invocation, swearing, praying, and the like. -- To be in for it. (a) To be in favor of a thing; to be committed to a course. (b) To be unable to escape from a danger, penalty, etc. [Colloq.] -- To be (OR keep) in with. (a) To be close or near; as, to keep a ship in with the land. (b) To be on terms of friendship, familiarity, or intimacy with; to secure and retain the favor of. [Colloq.] Syn. -- Into; within; on; at. See At. In In, adv. 1. Not out; within; inside. In, the preposition, becomes an adverb by omission of its object, leaving it as the representative of an adverbial phrase, the context indicating what the omitted object is; as, he takes in the situation (i. e ., he comprehends it in his mind); the Republicans were in (i. e., in office); in at one ear and out at the other (i. e., in or into the head); his side was in (i. e., in the turn at the bat); he came in (i. e., into the house). Their vacation . . . falls in so pat with ours. Lamb. NOTE: &hand; Th e sails of a vessel are said, in nautical language, to be in when they are furled, or when stowed. In certain cases in has an adjectival sense; as, the in train (i. e., the incoming train); compare up grade, down grade, undertow, afterthought, etc. 2. (Law) With privilege or possession; -- used to denote a holding, possession, or seisin; as, in by descent; in by purchase; in of the seisin of her husband. Burrill. In and in breeding. See under Breeding. -- In and out (Naut.), through and through; -- said of a through bolt in a ship's side. Knight. -- To be in, to be at home; as, Mrs. A. is in. -- To come in. See under Come. In In, n. NOTE: [Usually in the plural.] 1. One who is in office; -- the opposite of out. 2. A re\'89ntrant angle; a nook or corner. Ins and outs, nooks and corners; twists and turns.<-- (b) (with "of") the peculiarities or technicalities (of a subject) --> All the ins and outs of this neighborhood. D. Jerrold. _________________________________________________________________ Page 741 In In (?), v. t. To inclose; to take in; to harvest. [Obs.] He that ears my land spares my team and gives me leave to in the crop. Shak. Inability In`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Pref. in- not + ability: cf. F. inhabilet\'82. See Able, and cf. Unable.] The quality or state of being unable; lack of ability; want of sufficient power, strength, resources, or capacity. It is not from an inability to discover what they ought to do, that men err in practice. Blair. Syn. -- Impotence; incapacity; incompetence; weakness; powerlessness; incapability. See Disability. Inable In*a"ble (?), v. t. See Enable. Inablement In*a"ble*ment (?), n. See Enablement. [Obs.] Inabstinence In*ab"sti*nence (?), n. [Pref. in- not + abstinence: cf. F. inabstinence.] Want of abstinence; indulgence. [Obs.] "The inabstinence of Eve." Milton. Inabstracted In`ab*stract"ed (?), a. Not abstracted. Inabusively In`a*bu"sive*ly (?), adv. Without abuse. Inaccessibility In`ac*cess`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. inaccessibilit\'82.] The quality or state of being inaccessible; inaccessibleness. "The inaccessibility of the precipice." Bp. Butler. Inaccessible In`ac*cess"i*ble (?), a. [L. inaccessibilis: cf. F. inaccessible. See In- not, and Accessible.] Not accessible; not to be reached, obtained, or approached; as, an inaccessible rock, fortress, document, prince, etc. -- In`ac*cess"i*ble*ness, n. -- In`ac*cess"i*bly, adv. Inaccordant In`ac*cord"ant (?), a. Not accordant; discordant. Inaccuracy In*ac"cu*ra*cy (?), n.; pl. Inaccuracies (. 1. The quality of being inaccurate; want of accuracy or exactness. 2. That which is inaccurate or incorrect; mistake; fault; defect; error; as, in inaccuracy in speech, copying, calculation, etc. Inaccurate In*ac"cu*rate (?), a. Not accurate; not according to truth; inexact; incorrect; erroneous; as, in inaccurate man, narration, copy, judgment, calculation, etc. The expression is plainly inaccurate. Bp. Hurd. Syn. -- Inexact; incorrect; erroneous; faulty; imperfect; incomplete; defective. Inaccurately In*ac"cu*rate*ly, adv. In an inaccurate manner; incorrectly; inexactly. Inacquaintance In`ac*quaint"ance (?), a. Want of acquaintance. Good. Inacquiescent In*ac`qui*es"cent (?), a. Not acquiescent or acquiescing. Inaction In*ac"tion (?), n. [Pref. in. not + action: cf. inaction.] Want of action or activity; forbearance from labor; idleness; rest; inertness. Berkeley. Inactive In*ac"tive (?), a. [Pref. in- not + active: cf. F. inactif.] 1. Not active; having no power to move; that does not or can not produce results; inert; as, matter is, of itself, inactive. 2. Not disposed to action or effort; not diligent or industrious; not busy; idle; as, an inactive officer. 3. (Chem. & Opt.) Not active; inert; esp., not exhibiting any action or activity on polarized light; optically neutral; -- said of isomeric forms of certain substances, in distinction from other forms which are optically active; as, racemic acid is an inactive tartaric acid. Syn. -- Inert; dull; sluggish; idle; indolent; slothful; lazy. See Inert. Inactively In*ac"tive*ly, adv. In an inactive manner. Locke. Inactivity In`ac*tiv"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. inactivit\'82.] 1. The state or quality of being inactive; inertness; as, the inactivity of matter. 2. Idleness; habitual indisposition to action or exertion; want of energy; sluggishness. The gloomy inactivity of despair. Cook. Inactose In*ac"tose (?), n. (Chem.) A variety of sugar, found in certain plants. It is optically inactive. Inactuate In*ac"tu*ate (?), v. t. To put in action. [Obs.] Inactuation In*ac`tu*a"tion (?), n. Operation. [Obs.] Inadaptation In*ad`ap*ta"tion (?), n. Want of adaptation; unsuitableness. Inadequacy In*ad"e*qua*cy (?), n. [From Inadequate.] The quality or state of being inadequate or insufficient; defectiveness; insufficiency; inadequateness. The inadequacy and consequent inefficacy of the alleged causes. Dr. T. Dwight. Inadequate In*ad"e*quate (?), a. [Pref. in- not + adequate: cf. F. inad\'82quat.] Not adequate; unequal to the purpose; insufficient; deficient; as, inadequate resources, power, conceptions, representations, etc. Dryden. -- In*ad"e*quate*ly, adv. -- In*ad"e*quate*ness, n. Inadequation In*ad`e*qua"tion (?), n. Want of exact correspondence. [Obs.] Puller. Inadherent In`ad*her"ent (?), a. 1. Not adhering. 2. (Bot.) Free; not connected with the other organs. Inadhesion In`ad*he"sion (?), n. Want of adhesion. Inadmissibility In`ad*mis`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. inadmissibilit\'82.] The state or quality of being inadmissible, or not to be received. Inadmissible In`ad*mis"si*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + admissible: cf. F. inadmissible.] Not admissible; not proper to be admitted, allowed, or received; as, inadmissible testimony; an inadmissible proposition, or explanation. -- In`ad*mis"si*bly, adv. Inadvertence; pl. -ces , Inadvertency In`ad*vert"ence (?); pl. -ces (, In`ad*vert"en*cy (?); pl. -cies (, n. [Cf. F. inadvertance.] 1. The quality of being inadvertent; lack of heedfulness or attentiveness; inattention; negligence; as, many mistakes proceed from inadvertence. Inadvertency, or want of attendance to the sense and intention of our prayers. Jer. Taylor. 2. An effect of inattention; a result of carelessness; an oversight, mistake, or fault from negligence. The productions of a great genius, with many lapses an inadvertencies, are infinitely preferable to works of an inferior kind of author which are scrupulously exact. Addison. Syn. -- Inattention; heedlessness; carelessness; negligence; thoughtlessness. See Inattention. Inadvertent In`ad*vert"ent (?), a. [Cf. F. inadvertant. See 2d In-, and Advert.] Not turning the mind to a matter; heedless; careless; negligent; inattentive. An inadvertent step may crush the snail That crawls at evening in the public path. Cowper. -- In`ad*vert"ent*ly, adv. Inadvisable In`ad*vis"a*ble (?), a. Not advisable. -- In`ad*vis"a*ble*ness, n. Inaffability In*af`fa*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. inaffabilit\'82.] Want of affability or sociability; reticence. Inaffable In*af"fa*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + affable.] Not affable; reserved in social intercourse. Inaffectation In*af`fec*ta"tion (?), n. [Pref. in- not + affectation: cf. F. inaffectation.] Freedom from affectation; naturalness. [R.] Inaffected In`af*fect"ed (?), a. Unaffected. [Obs.] -- In`af*fect"ed*ly, adv. [Obs.] Inaidable In*aid"a*ble (?), a. Incapable of being assisted; helpless. [R.] Shak. Inalienability In*al`ien*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being inalienable. Inalienable In*al"ien*a*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + alienable: cf. F. inali\'82nable.] Incapable of being alienated, surrendered, or transferred to another; not alienable; as, in inalienable birthright. Inalienableness In*al"ien*a*ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being inalienable; inalienability. Inalienably In*al"ien*a*bly, adv. In a manner that forbids alienation; as, rights inalienably vested. Inalimental In*al`i*men"tal (?), a. Affording no aliment or nourishment. [Obs.] Bacon. Inalterability In*al`ter*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. inalt\'82rabilit\'82.] The quality of being unalterable or unchangeable; permanence. Inalterable In*al"ter*a*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + alterable: cf. F. inalt\'82rable.] Not alterable; incapable of being altered or changed; unalterable. -- In*al"ter*a*ble*ness, n. -- In*al"ter*a*bly, adv. Inamiable In*a"mi*a*ble (?), a. Unamiable. [Obs.] -- In*a"mi*a*ble*ness, n. [Obs.] Inamissible In`a*mis"si*ble (?), a. [L. inamissibilis: cf. F. inamissible.] Incapable of being lost. [R.] Hammond. -- In`a*mis"si*ble*ness, n. [R.] Inamorata In*a`mo*ra"ta (?), n. [It. innamorata, fem., innamorato, masc., p. p. of innamorare to inspire with love. See Enamor.] A woman in love; a mistress. "The fair inamorata." Sherburne. Inamorate In*am"o*rate (?), a. Enamored. Chapman. -- In*am"o*rate*ly, adv. [R.] Inamorato In*a`mo*ra"to (?), n.; pl. Inamoratos (#). [See Inamorata.] A male lover. Inamovable In`a*mov"a*ble (?), a. Not amovable or removable. [R.] Palgrave. In-and-in In"-and-in" (?), n. An old game played with four dice. In signified a doublet, or two dice alike; in-and-in, either two doubles, or the four dice alike. In and an In and an, a. & adv. Applied to breeding from a male and female of the same parentage. See under Breeding. Inane In*ane" (?), a. [L. inanis.] Without contents; empty; void of sense or intelligence; purposeless; pointless; characterless; useless. "Vague and inane instincts." I. Taylor. -- In*ane"ly, adv. Inane In*ane", n. That which is void or empty. [R.] The undistinguishable inane of infinite space. Locke. Inangular In*an"gu*lar (?), a. Not angular. [Obs.] Inaniloquent, Inaniloquous In`a*nil"o*quent (?), In`a*nil"o*quous (?), a. [L. inanis empty + loqui to speak.] Given to talking inanely; loquacious; garrulous. [R.] Inanimate In*an"i*mate (?), v. t. [Pref. in- in (or intensively) + animate.] To animate. [Obs.] Donne. Inanimate In*an"i*mate (?), a. [L. inanimatus; pref. in- not + animatus animate.] Not animate; destitute of life or spirit; lifeless; dead; inactive; dull; as, stones and earth are inanimate substances. Grieving, if aught inanimate e'er grieves. Byron. Syn. -- Lifeless; dead; inert; inactive; dull; soulless; spiritless. See Lifeless. Inanimated In*an"i*ma`ted (?), a. Destitute of life; lacking animation; unanimated. Pope. Inanimateness In*an"i*mate*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being inanimate. The deadness and inanimateness of the subject. W. Montagu. Inanimation In*an`i*ma"tion (?), n. [See 2d Inanimate.] Want of animation; lifeless; dullness. Inanimation In*an`i*ma"tion, n. [See 1st Inanimate.] Infusion of life or vigor; animation; inspiration. [Obs.] The inanimation of Christ living and breathing within us. Bp. Hall. Inanitiate In`a*ni"ti*ate (?), v. t. To produce inanition in; to exhaust for want of nourishment. [R.] Inanitiation In`a*ni`ti*a"tion (?), n. Inanition. [R.] Inanition In`a*ni"tion (?), n. [F. inanition, L. inanitio emptiness, fr. inanire to empty, fr. inanis empty. Cf. Inane.] The condition of being inane; emptiness; want of fullness, as in the vessels of the body; hence, specifically, exhaustion from want of food, either from partial or complete starvation, or from a disorder of the digestive apparatus, producing the same result. Feeble from inanition, inert from weariness. Landor. Repletion and inanition may both do harm in two contrary extremes. Burton. Inanity In*an"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Inanities (#). [L. inanitas, fr. inanis empty: cf. F. inanit\'82. See Inane.] 1. Inanition; void space; vacuity; emptiness. 2. Want of seriousness; aimlessness; frivolity. 3. An inane, useless thing or pursuit; a vanity; a silly object; -- chiefly in pl.; as, the inanities of the world. Inantherate In*an"ther*ate (?), a. (Bot.) Not bearing anthers; -- said of sterile stamens. In antis In an"tis (?). [L.] (Arch.) Between ant\'91; -- said of a portico in classical style, where columns are set between two ant\'91, forming the angles of the building. See Anta. Inapathy In*ap"a*thy (?), n. Sensibility; feeling; -- opposed to apathy. [R.] Inappealable In`ap*peal"a*ble (?), a. Not admitting of appeal; not appealable. Coleridge. Inappeasable In`ap*peas"a*ble (?), a. Incapable of being appeased or satisfied; unappeasable. Inappellability In`ap*pel`la*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being inappellable; finality. The inappellability of the councils. Coleridge. Inappellable In`ap*pel"la*ble (?), a. Inappealable; final. Inappetence, Inappetency In*ap"pe*tence (?), In*ap"pe*ten*cy (?), n. [Pref. in- not + appetence: cf. F. inapp\'82tence.] Want of appetency; want of desire. Inapplicability In*ap`pli*ca*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. inapplicabilit\'82.] The quality of being inapplicable; unfitness; inapplicableness. Inapplicable In*ap"pli*ca*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + applicable.] Not applicable; incapable of being applied; not adapted; not suitable; as, the argument is inapplicable to the case. J. S. Mill. Syn. -- Unsuitable; unsuited; unadapted; inappropriate; inapposite; irrelevant. -- In*ap"pli*ca*ble*ness, n. -- In*ap"pli*ca*bly, adv. Inapplication In*ap`pli*ca"tion (?), n. [Pref. in- not + application: cf. F. inapplication.] Want of application, attention, or diligence; negligence; indolence. Inapposite In*ap"po*site (?), a. Not apposite; not fit or suitable; not pertinent. -- In*ap"po*site*ly, adv. Inappreciable In`ap*pre"ci*a*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + appreciable: cf. F. inappr\'82ciable.] Not appreciable; too small to be perceived; incapable of being duly valued or estimated. Hallam. Inappreciation In`ap*pre"ci*a"tion (?), n. Want of appreciation. Inapprehensible In*ap`pre*hen"si*ble (?), a. [L. inapprehensibilis: cf. F. inappr\'82hensible.] Not apprehensible; unintelligible; inconceivable. Milton. Inapprehension In*ap`pre*hen"sion (?), n. Want of apprehension. Inapprehensive In*ap`pre*hen"sive (?), a. Not apprehensive; regardless; unconcerned. Jer. Taylor. Inapproachable In`ap*proach"a*ble (?), a. Not approachable; unapproachable; inaccessible; unequaled. -- In`ap*proach"a*bly, adv. Inappropriate In`ap*pro"pri*ate (?), a. Not instrument (to); not appropriate; unbecoming; unsuitable; not specially fitted; -- followed by to or for. -- In`ap*pro"pri*ate*ly, adv. -- In`ap*pro"pri*ate*ness, n. Inapt In*apt" (?), a. [Pref. in- not + apt: cf. F. inapte. Cf. Inept.] Unapt; not apt; unsuitable; inept. -- In*apt"ly, adv. -- In*apt"ness, n. Inaptitude In*apt"i*tude (?), n. [In- + aptitude: cf. F. inaptitude. Cf. In.] Want of aptitude. Inaquate In*a"quate (?), a. [L. inaquatus, p. p. of inaquare to make into water; pref. in- in + aqua water.] Embodied in, or changed into, water. [Obs.] Cranmer. Inaquation In`a*qua"tion (?), n. The state of being inaquate. [Obs.] Bp. Gardiner. Inarable In*ar"a*ble (?), a. Not arable. [R.] Inarch In*arch" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inarched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inarching.] To graft by uniting, as a scion, to a stock, without separating either from its root before the union is complete; -- also called to graft by approach. P. Miler. Inarching In*arch"ing, n. A method of ingrafting. See Inarch. Inarticulate In`ar*tic"u*late (?), a. [L. inarticulatus; pref. in- not + articulatus articulate.] 1. Not uttered with articulation or intelligible distinctness, as speech or words. Music which is inarticulate poesy. Dryden. 2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Not jointed or articulated; having no distinct body segments; as, an inarticulate worm. (b) Without a hinge; -- said of an order (Inarticulata or Ecardines) of brachiopods. 3. Incapable of articulating. [R.] The poor earl, who is inarticulate with palsy. Walpole. <-- 4. incapable of expressing one's ideas or feelings clearly. --> Inarticulated In`ar*tic"u*la`ted (?), a. Not articulated; not jointed or connected by a joint. Inarticulately In`ar*tic"u*late*ly (?), adv. In an inarticulate manner. Hammond. Inarticulateness In`ar*tic"u*late*ness, n. The state or quality of being inarticulate. Inarticulation In`ar*tic`u*la"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. inarticulation.] Inarticulateness. Chesterfield. Inartificial In*ar`ti*fi"cial (?), a. [Pref. in- not + artificial: cf. F. inartificiel.] Not artificial; not made or elaborated by art; natural; simple; artless; as, an inartificial argument; an inartificial character. -- In*ar`ti*fi"cial*ly, adv. -- In*ar`ti*fi"cial*ness, n. Inasmuch In`as*much" (?), adv. [In + as + much.] In like degree; in like manner; seeing that; considering that; since; -- followed by as. See In as much as, under In, prep. Inasmuch as ye did it not to one of the least of these, ye did it not to me. Matt. xxv. 45.Syn. -- Because; since; for; as. See Because. Inattention In`at*ten"tion (?), n. [Pref. in- not + attention: cf. F. inattention.] Want of attention, or failure to pay attention; disregard; heedlessness; neglect. Novel lays attract our ravished ears; But old, the mind inattention hears. Pope. Syn. -- Inadvertence; heedlessness; negligence; carelessness; disregard; remissness; thoughtlessness; neglect. -- Inattention, Inadvertence. We miss seeing a thing through inadvertence when do not happen to look at it; through inattention when we give no heed to it, though directly before us. The latter is therefore the worse. Inadvertence may be an involuntary accident; inattention is culpable neglect. A versatile mind is often inadvertent; a careless or stupid one is inattentive. ______________________________________________________________ Page 742 Inattentive In`at*ten"tive (?), a. [Cf. F. inattentif.] Not attentive; not fixing the mind on an object; heedless; careless; negligent; regardless; as, an inattentive spectator or hearer; an inattentive habit. I. Watts. Syn. -- Careless; heedless; regardless; thoughtless; negligent; remiss; inadvertent. -- In`at*ten"tive*ly, adv. -- In`at*ten"tive*ness, n. Inaudibility In*au`di*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being inaudible; inaudibleness. Inaudible In*au"di*ble (?), a. [L. inaudibilis; pref. in- not + audire to hear: cf. F. unaudible. See In- not, and Audible.] Not audible; incapable of being heard; silent. -- In*au"di*ble*ness, n. -- In*au"di*bly, adv. Inaugur In*au"gur (?), v. t. [Cf. F. inaugurer. See Inaugurate.] To inaugurate. [Obs.] Latimer. Inaugural In*au"gu*ral (?), a. [Cf. F. inaugural.] Pertaining to, or performed or pronounced at, an inauguration; as, an inaugural address; the inaugural exercises. Inaugural In*au"gu*ral, n. An inaugural address. [U.S.] Inaugurate In*au"gu*rate (?), a. [L. inauguratus, p. p. of inaugurare to take omens from the flight of birds (before entering upon any important undertaking); hence, to consecrate, inaugurate, or install, with such divination; pref. in- in + augurare, augurari, to augur. See Augur.] Invested with office; inaugurated. Drayton. Inaugurate In*au"gu*rate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inaugurated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inaugurating (?).] 1. To introduce or induct into an office with suitable ceremonies or solemnities; to invest with power or authority in a formal manner; to install; as, to inaugurate a president; to inaugurate a king. Milton. 2. To cause to begin, esp. with formality or solemn ceremony; hence, to set in motion, action, or progress; to initiate; -- used especially of something of dignity or worth or public concern; as, to inaugurate a new era of things, new methods, etc. As if kings did closes remarkable days to inaugurate their favors. Sir H. Wotton. 3. To celebrate the completion of, or the first public use of; to dedicate, as a statue. [Colloq.] 4. To begin with good omens. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton. Inauguration In*au`gu*ra"tion (?), n. [L. inauguratio a beginning: cf. F. inauguration.] 1. The act of inuagurating, or inducting into office with solemnity; investiture by appropriate ceremonies. At his regal inauguration, his old father resigned the kingdom to him. Sir T. Browne. 2. The formal beginning or initiation of any movement, course of action, etc.; as, the inauguration of a new system, a new condition, etc. Inaugurator In*au"gu*ra`tor (?), n. One who inaugurates. Inauguratory In*au"gu*ra*to*ry (?), a. Suitable for, or pertaining to, inauguration. Johnson. Inaurate In*au"rate (?), a. [L. inauratus, p. p. inaurare to gild; pref. in- in + aurum gold.] Covered with gold; gilded. Inaurate In*au"rate (?), v. t. To cover with gold; to gild. Inauration In`au*ra"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. inauration.] The act or process of gilding or covering with gold. Inauspicate In*aus"pi*cate (?), a. [L. inauspicatus; pref. in- not + auspicatus, p. p. auspicari. See Auspicate.] Inauspicious [Obs.] Sir G. Buck. Inauspicious In`aus*pi"cious (?), a. Not auspicious; ill-omened; unfortunate; unlucky; unfavorable. "Inauspicious stars." Shak. "Inauspicious love." Dryden. -- In`aus*pi"cious*ly, adv. -- In`aus*pi"cious*ness, n. Inauthoritative In`au*thor"i*ta*tive (?), a. Without authority; not authoritative. Inbarge In"barge (?), v. t. & i. To embark; to go or put into a barge. [Obs.] Drayton. Inbeaming In"beam`ing (?), n. Shining in. South. Inbeing In"be`ing (?), n. Inherence; inherent existence. I. Watts. Inbind In*bind" (?), v. t. To inclose. [Obs.] Fairfax. Inblown In"blown` (?), a. Blown in or into. [Obs.] Inboard In"board` (?), a. & adv. 1. (Naut.) Inside the line of a vessel's bulwarks or hull; the opposite of outboard; as, an inboard cargo; haul the boom inboard. 2. (Mech.) From without inward; toward the inside; as, the inboard stroke of a steam engine piston, the inward or return stroke. Inborn In"born` (?), a. Born in or with; implanted by nature; innate; as, inborn passions. Cowper. Syn. -- Innate; inherent; natural. Inbreak, Inbreaking In"break` (?), In"break`ing, n. A breaking in; inroad; invasion. Inbreathe In*breathe" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inbreathed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inbreathing.] To infuse by breathing; to inspire. Coleridge. Inbred In"bred` (?), a. Bred within; innate; as, inbred worth. "Inbred sentiments." Burke. Inbreed In*breed" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inbred (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inbreeding.] [Cf. Imbreed.] 1. To produce or generate within. Bp. Reynolds. To inbreed and cherish . . . the seeds of virtue. Milton. 2. To breed in and in. See under Breed, v. i. Inburning In"burn`ing (?), a. Burning within. Her inburning wrath she gan abate. Spenser. Inburnt In"burnt` (?), a. Burnt in; ineffaceable. Her inburnt, shamefaced thoughts. P. Fletcher. Inburst In"burst` (?), n. A bursting in or into. Inc Inc (?), n. A Japanese measure of length equal to about two and one twelfth yards. [Written also ink.] Inca In"ca (?), n. (a) An emperor or monarch of Peru before, or at the time of, the Spanish conquest; any member of this royal dynasty, reputed to have been descendants of the sun. (b) pl. The people governed by the Incas, now represented by the Quichua tribe. Inca dove (Zo\'94l.), a small dove (Scardafella inca), native of Arizona, Lower California, and Mexico. Incage In*cage" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incaged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Incaging (?).] [Cf. Encage.] To confine in, or as in, a cage; to coop up. [Written also encage.] "Incaged birds." Shak. Incagement In*cage"ment (?), n. Confinement in, or as in, cage. [Obs.] Shelton. Incalculability In*cal`cu*la*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being incalculable. Incalculable In*cal"cu*la*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + calculable: cf. F. incalculable.] Not capable of being calculated; beyond calculation; very great. -- In*cal"cu*la*ble*ness, n. -- In*cal"cu*la*bly, adv. Incalescence In`ca*les"cence (?), n. The state of being incalescent, or of growing warm. Sir T. Browne. Incalescency In`ca*les"cen*cy (?), n. Incalescence. Ray. Incalescent In`ca*les"cent (?), a. [L. incalescens, -entis, p. pr. of incalescere to grow hot. See 1st In-, and Calescence.] Growing warm; increasing in heat. Incameration In*cam`er*a"tion (?), n. [Pref. in- in + L. camera chamber, LL., also, jurisdiction: cf. F. incam\'82ration, It. incamerazione.] (R. C. Ch.) The act or process of uniting lands, rights, or revenues, to the ecclesiastical chamber, i. e., to the pope's domain. Incan In"can (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Incas. Incandescence In`can*des"cence (?), n. [Cf. F. incandescence.] A white heat, or the glowing or luminous whiteness of a body caused by intense heat. Incandescent In`can*des"cent (?), a. [L. incandecens, -entis, p. pr. of incandescere to become warm or hot; pref. in- in + candescere to become of a glittering whiteness, to become red hot, incho. fr. candere to be of a glittering whiteness: cf. F. incandescent. See Candle.] White, glowing, or luminous, with intense heat; as, incandescent carbon or platinum; hence, clear; shining; brilliant. Holy Scripture become resplendent; or, as one might say, incandescent throughout. I. Taylor. Incandescent lamp OR light (Elec.), a kind of lamp in which the light is produced by a thin filament of conducting material, usually carbon<-- usually tungsten! -->, contained in a vacuum, and heated to incandescence by an electric current, as in the Edison lamp; -- called also incandescence lamp, and glowlamp.<-- incandescent bulb -- the light bulb used in an incandescent lamp; contrasted with fluorescent lamp and fluorescent bulb --> Incanescent In`ca*nes"cent (?), a. [L. incanescens, p. pr. incanescere to become gray.] Becoming hoary or gray; canescent. Incanous In*ca"nous (?), a. [L. incanus; pref. in- in + canus hoary.] (Bot.) Hoary with white pubescence. Incantation In`can*ta"tion (?), n. [L. incantatio, fr. incantare to chant a magic formula over one: cf. F. incantation. See Enchant.] 1. The act or process of using formulas sung or spoken, with occult ceremonies, for the purpose of raising spirits, producing enchantment, or affecting other magical results; enchantment. "Mysterious ceremony and incantation." Burke. 2. A formula of words used as above. Incantatory In*cant"a*to*ry (?), a. Dealing by enchantment; magical. Sir T. Browne. Incanting In*cant"ing, a. Enchanting. [Obs.] Sir T. Herbert. Incanton In*can"ton (?), v. t. To unite to, or form into, a canton or separate community. Addison. Incapability In*ca`pa*bil"i*ty (?), n. 1. The quality of being incapable; incapacity. Suckling. 2. (Law) Want of legal qualifications, or of legal power; as, incapability of holding an office. Incapable In*ca"pa*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + capable: cf. F. incapable, L. incapabilis incomprehensible.] 1. Wanting in ability or qualification for the purpose or end in view; not large enough to contain or hold; deficient in physical strength, mental or moral power, etc.; not capable; as, incapable of holding a certain quantity of liquid; incapable of endurance, of comprehension, of perseverance, of reform, etc. 2. Not capable of being brought to do or perform, because morally strong or well disposed; -- used with reference to some evil; as, incapable of wrong, dishonesty, or falsehood. 3. Not in a state to receive; not receptive; not susceptible; not able to admit; as, incapable of pain, or pleasure; incapable of stain or injury. 4. (Law) Unqualified or disqualified, in a legal sense; as, a man under thirty-five years of age is incapable of holding the office of president of the United States; a person convicted on impeachment is thereby made incapable of holding an office of profit or honor under the government. 5. (Mil.) As a term of disgrace, sometimes annexed to a sentence when an officer has been cashiered and rendered incapable of serving his country. NOTE: &hand; Incapable is often used elliptically. Is not your father grown incapable of reasonable affairs? Shak. Syn. -- Incompetent; unfit; unable; insufficient; inadequate; deficient; disqualified. See Incompetent. Incapable In*ca"pa*ble, n. One who is morally or mentally weak or inefficient; an imbecile; a simpleton. Incapableness In*ca"pa*ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being incapable; incapability. Incapably In*ca"pa*bly, adv. In an incapable manner. Incapacious In`ca*pa"cious (?), a. [Pref. in- not + capacious: cf. L. incapax incapable.] Not capacious; narrow; small; weak or foolish; as, an incapacious soul. Bp. Burnet. -- In`ca*pa"cious*ness, n. Incapacitate In`ca*pac"i*tate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incapacitated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Incapacitating (?).] [Pref. in- not + capacitate.] 1. To deprive of capacity or natural power; to disable; to render incapable or unfit; to disqualify; as, his age incapacitated him for war. 2. (Law) To deprive of legal or constitutional requisites, or of ability or competency for the performance of certain civil acts; to disqualify. It absolutely incapacitated them from holding rank, office, function, or property. Milman. Incapacitation In`ca*pac`i*ta"tion (?), n. The act of incapacitating or state of being incapacitated; incapacity; disqualification. Burke. Incapacity In`ca*pac"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Incapacities (. [Cf. F. incapacit\'82.] 1. Want of capacity; lack of physical or intellectual power; inability. 2. (Law) Want of legal ability or competency to do, give, transmit, or receive something; inability; disqualification; as, the inacapacity of minors to make binding contracts, etc. Syn. -- Inability; incapability; incompetency; unfitness; disqualification; disability. Incapsulate In*cap"su*late (?), v. t. (Physiol.) To inclose completely, as in a membrane. Incapsulation In*cap`su*la"tion (?), n. (Physiol.) The process of becoming, or the state or condition of being, incapsulated; as, incapsulation of the ovum in the uterus. Incarcerate In*car"cer*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incarcerated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Incarcerating (?).] [Pref. in- in + L. carceratus, p. p. of carcerare to imprison, fr. carcer prison.] 1. To imprison; to confine in a jail or priso 2. To confine; to shut up or inclose; to hem in. Incarcerated hernia (Med.), hernia in which the constriction can not be easily reduced. Incarcerate In*car"cer*ate (?), a. Imprisoned. Dr. H. More. Incarceration In*car`cer*a"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. incarc\'82ration.] 1. The act of confining, or the state of being confined; imprisonment. Glanvill. 2. (Med.) (a) Formerly, strangulation, as in hernia. (b) A constriction of the hernial sac, rendering it irreducible, but not great enough to cause strangulation. Incarcerator In*car"cer*a`tor (?), n. One who incarcerates. Incarn In*carn" (?), v. t. [Cf. F. incarner. See Incarnate.] To cover or invest with flesh. [R.] Wiseman. Incarn In*carn", v. i. To develop flesh. [R.] Wiseman. Incarnadine In*car"na*dine (?), a. [F. incarnadin, It. incarnatino; L. pref. in- in + caro, carnis, flesh. Cf. Carnation, Incarnate.] Flesh-colored; of a carnation or pale red color. [Obs.] Lovelace. Incarnadine In*car"na*dine, v. t. To dye red or crimson. Will all great Neptune's ocean wash this blood Clean from my hand? No; this my hand will rather The multitudinous seas incarnadine, Making the green one red. Shak. Incarnate In*car"nate (?), a. [Pref. in- not + carnate.] Not in the flesh; spiritual. [Obs.] I fear nothing . . . that devil carnate or incarnate can fairly do. Richardson. Incarnate In*car"nate, a. [L. incarnatus, p. p. of incarnare to incarnate, pref. in- in + caro, carnis, flesh. See Carnal.] 1. Invested with flesh; embodied in a human nature and form; united with, or having, a human body. Here shalt thou sit incarnate. Milton. He represents the emperor and his wife as two devils incarnate, sent into the world for the destruction of mankind. Jortin. 2. Flesh-colored; rosy; red. [Obs.] Holland. Incarnate In*car"nate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incarnated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Incarnating (?).] To clothe with flesh; to embody in flesh; to invest, as spirits, ideals, etc., with a human from or nature. This essence to incarnate and imbrute, That to the height of deity aspired. Milton. Incarnate In*car"nate, v. i. To form flesh; to granulate, as a wound. [R.] My uncle Toby's wound was nearly well -- 't was just beginning to incarnate. Sterne. Incarnation In`car*na"tion (?), n. [F. incarnation, LL. incarnatio.] 1. The act of clothing with flesh, or the state of being so clothed; the act of taking, or being manifested in, a human body and nature. 2. (Theol.) The union of the second person of the Godhead with manhood in Christ. 3. An incarnate form; a personification; a manifestation; a reduction to apparent from; a striking exemplification in person or act. She is a new incarnation of some of the illustrious dead. Jeffrey. The very incarnation of selfishness. F. W. Robertson. 4. A rosy or red color; flesh color; carnation. [Obs.] 5. (Med.) The process of healing wounds and filling the part with new flesh; granulation. Incarnative In*car"na*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. incarnatif.] Causing new flesh to grow; healing; regenerative. -- n. An incarnative medicine. Incarnification In*car`ni*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [See Incarnation, and -fy.] The act of assuming, or state of being clothed with, flesh; incarnation. Incase In*case" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incased (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Incasing.] [F. encaisser; pref. en- (L. in) + caisse case. See Case a box, and cf. Encase, Enchase.] To inclose in a case; to inclose; to cover or surround with something solid. Rich plates of gold the folding doors incase. Pope. Incasement In*case"ment (?), n. [Cf. Casement.] 1. The act or process of inclosing with a case, or the state of being incased. 2. That which forms a case, covering, or inclosure. Incask In*cask" (?), v. t. To cover with a casque or as with a casque. Sherwood. Incastellated In*cas"tel*la`ted (?), a. Confined or inclosed in a castle. Incastelled In*cas"telled (?), a. (Far.) Hoofbound. Crabb. Incatenation In*cat`e*na"tion (?), n. [LL. incatenatio; L. pref. in- in + catena chain. See Enchain.] The act of linking together; enchaining. [R.] Goldsmith. Incaution In*cau"tion (?), n. Want of caution. Pope. Incautious In*cau"tious (?), a. [Pref. in- not + cautious: cf. L. incautus.] Not cautious; not circumspect; not attending to the circumstances on which safety and interest depend; heedless; careless; as, an incautious step; an incautious remark. _________________________________________________________________ Page 743 You . . . incautious tread On fire with faithless embers overspread. Francis. His rhetorical expressions may easily captivate any incautious reader. Keill. Syn. -- Unwary; indiscreet; inconsiderate; imprudent; impolitic; careless; heedless; thoughtless. -- In*cau"tious*ly, adv. -- In*cau"tious*ness, n. Incavated In"ca*va`ted (?), a. [L. incavatus, p. p. of incavare to make hollow: pref in- in + cavare to hollow out, fr. cavus hollow.] Made hollow; bent round or in. Incavation In`ca*va"tion (?), n. Act of making hollow; also, a hollow; an exvation; a depression. Incaved In*caved" (?), a. [Pref. in- in + cave. Cf. Encave, Incavated.] Inclosed in a cave. Incaverned In*cav"erned (?), a. Inclosed or shut up as in a cavern. Drayton. Incedingly In*ced"ing*ly (?), adv. [L. incedere to walk majestically.] Majestically. [R.] C. Bront\'82. Incelebrity In`ce*leb"ri*ty (?), n. Want of celebrity or distinction; obscurity. [R.] Coleridge. Incend In*cend" (?), v. t. [L. incendere, incensum, to kindle, burn. See Incense to inflame.] To inflame; to excite. [Obs.] Marston. Incendiarism In*cen"di*a*rism (?), n. [From Incendiary.] The act or practice of maliciously setting fires; arson. Incendiary In*cen"di*a*ry (?; 277), n.; pl. Incendiaries (#). [L. incendiarius: cf. F. incendiaire. See Incense to inflame.] 1. Any person who maliciously sets fire to a building or other valuable or other valuable property. 2. A person who excites or inflames factions, and promotes quarrels or sedition; an agitator; an exciter. Several cities . . . drove them out as incendiaries. Bentley. Incendiary In*cen"di*a*ry, a. [L. incendiarius, fr. incendium a fire, conflagration: cf. F. incendiaire. See Incense to inflame.] 1. Of or pertaining to incendiarism, or the malicious burning of valuable property; as, incendiary material; as incendiary crime. 2. Tending to excite or inflame factions, sedition, or quarrel; inflammatory; seditious. Paley. Incendiary shell, a bombshell. See Carcass, 4. Incendious In*cen"di*ous (?), a. [L. incendiosus burning, hot.] Promoting faction or contention; seditious; inflammatory. [Obs.] Bacon. -- In*cen"di*ous*ly, adv. [Obs.] Incensant In*cen"sant (?), a. [See Incense to anger.] (Her.) A modern term applied to animals (as a boar) when borne as raging, or with furious aspect. Incensation In`cen*sa"tion (?), n. (R. C. Ch.) The offering of incense. [R.] Encyc. Brit. Incense In*cense" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incensed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Incensing.] [L. incensus, p. p. of incendere; pref. in- in + root of candere to glow. See Candle.] 1. To set on fire; to inflame; to kindle; to burn. [Obs.] Twelve Trojan princes wait on thee, and labor to incense Thy glorious heap of funeral. Chapman. 2. To inflame with anger; to endkindle; to fire; to incite; to provoke; to heat; to madden. The people are incensed him. Shak. Syn. -- To enrage; exasperate; provoke; anger; irritate; heat; fire; instigate. Incense In"cense (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incensed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Incensing.] [LL. incensare: cf. F. encenser. See Incense, n.] 1. To offer incense to. See Incense. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. To perfume with, or as with, incense. "Incensed with wanton sweets." Marston. Incense In"cense (?), n. [OE. encens, F. encens, L. incensum, fr. incensus, p. p. of incendere to burn. See Incense to inflame.] 1. The perfume or odors exhaled from spices and gums when burned in celebrating religious rites or as an offering to some deity. A thick of incense went up. Ezek. viii. 11. 2. The materials used for the purpose of producing a perfume when burned, as fragrant gums, spices, frankincense, etc. Nadab and Abihu, the sons of Aaron, took either of them his censer, and put fire therein, and put incense thereon. Lev. x. 1. 3. Also used figuratively. Or heap the shrine of luxury and pride, With incense kindled at the Muse's flame. Gray. Incense tree , the name of several balsamic trees of the genus Bursera (or Icica) mostly tropical American. The gum resin is used for incense. In Jamaica the Chrysobalanus Icaco, a tree related to the plums, is called incense tree. -- Incense wood, the fragrant wood of the tropical American tree Bursera heptaphylla. Incensebreathing In"cense*breath`ing (?), a. Breathing or exhaling incense. "Incense-breathing morn." Gray. Incensed In*censed" (?), a. 1. Angered; enraged. 2. (Her.) Represented as enraged, as any wild creature depicted with fire issuing from mouth and eyes. Incensement In*cense"ment (?), n. Fury; rage; heat; exasperation; as, implacable incensement. Shak. Incenser In*cen"ser (?), n. One who instigates or incites. Incension In*cen"sion (?), n. [L. incensio. See Incense to inflame.] The act of kindling, or the state of being kindled or on fire. Bacon. Incensive In*cen"sive (?), a. Tending to excite or provoke; inflammatory. Barrow. Incensor In*cen"sor (?), n. [L.] A kindler of anger or enmity; an inciter. Incensory In*cen"so*ry (?; 277), n.; pl. Incensories (#). [LL. incensorium: cf. F. encensoir. See 2d Incense, and cf. Censer.] The vessel in which incense is burned and offered; a censer; a thurible. [R.] Evelyn. Incensurable In*cen"sur*a*ble (?; 135), a. [Pref. in- not + censurable: cf. F. incensurable.] Not censurable. Dr. T. Dwight. -- In*cen"sur*a*bly, adv. Incenter In*cen"ter (?), n. (Geom.) The center of the circle inscribed in a triangle. Incentive In*cen"tive (?), a. [L. incentivus, from incinere to strike up or set the tune; pref. in- + canere to sing. See Enchant, Chant.] 1. Inciting; encouraging or moving; rousing to action; stimulative. Competency is the most incentive to industry. Dr. H. More. 2. Serving to kindle or set on fire. [R.] Part incentive reed Provide, pernicious with one touch of fire. Milton. Incentive In*cen"tive, n. [L. incentivum.] That which moves or influences the mind, or operates on the passions; that which incites, or has a tendency to incite, to determination or action; that which prompts to good or ill; motive; spur; as, the love of money, and the desire of promotion, are two powerful incentives to action. The greatest obstacles, the greatest terrors that come in their way, are so far from making them quit the work they had begun, that they rather prove incentives to them to go on in it. South. Syn. -- Motive; spur; stimulus; incitement; encouragement; inducement; influence. Incentively In*cen"tive*ly, adv. Incitingly; encouragingly. Inception In*cep"tion (?), n. [L. inceptio, fr. incipere to begin; pref. in- in + capere to take. See Capable.] 1. Beginning; commencement; initiation. Bacon. Marked with vivacity of inception, apathy of progress, and prematureness of decay. Rawle. 2. Reception; a taking in. [R.] Poe. Inceptive In*cep"tive (?), a. Beginning; expressing or indicating beginning; as, an inceptive proposition; an inceptive verb, which expresses the beginning of action; -- called also inchoative. -- In*cep"tive*ly, adv. Inceptive In*cep"tive, n. An inceptive word, phrase, or clause. Inceptor In*cep"tor (?), n. [L.] 1. A beginner; one in the rudiments. Johnson. 2. One who is on the point of taking the degree of master of arts at an English university. Walton. Inceration In`cer*a"tion (?), n. [L. incerare to smear with wax; pref. in- in + cerare to wax, fr. cera wax: cf. F. inc\'82ration.] The act of smearing or covering with wax. B. Jonson. Incerative In*cer"a*tive (?), a. Cleaving or sticking like wax. Cotgrave. Incertain In*cer"tain (?), n. [Pref. in- not + certain: cf. F. incertain, L. incertus. See Certain.] Uncertain; doubtful; unsteady. -- In*cer"tain*ly, adv. Very questionable and of uncertain truth. Sir T. Browne. Incertainty In*cer"tain*ty (?), n. Uncertainty. [Obs.] Shak. Incertitude In*cer"ti*tude (?), n. [Cf. F. incertitude, LL. incertitudo, fr. L. incertus. See Incertain.] Uncertainty; doubtfulness; doubt. The incertitude and instability of this life. Holland. He fails . . . from mere incertitude or irresolution. I. Taylor. Incertum In*cer"tum (?), a. Doubtful; not of definite form. Opus incertum (Anc. Arch.), a kind of masonry employed in building walls, in which the stones were not squared nor laid in courses; rubblework. Incessable In*ces"sa*ble (?), a. [L. incessabilis; pref. in- not + cessare to cease.] Unceasing; continual. [Obs.] Shelton. -- In*ces"sa*bly, adv. [Obs.] Incessancy In*ces"san*cy (?), n. [From Incessant.] The quality of being incessant; unintermitted continuance; unceasingness. Dr. T. Dwight. Incessant In*ces"sant (?), a. [L. incessans, -antis; pref. in- not + cessare to cease: cf. F. incessant. See Cease.] Continuing or following without interruption; unceasing; unitermitted; uninterrupted; continual; as, incessant clamors; incessant pain, etc. Against the castle gate, . . . Which with incessant force and endless hate, They batter'd day and night and entrance did await. Spenser. Syn. -- Unceasing; uninterrupted; unintermitted; unremitting; ceaseless; continual; constant; perpetual. Incessantly In*ces"sant*ly, adv. Unceasingly; continually. Shak. Incession In*ces"sion (?), n. [L. incedere, incessum, to walk.] Motion on foot; progress in walking. [Obs.] The incession or local motion of animals. Sir T. Browne. Incest In"cest (?), n. [F. inceste, L. incestum unchastity, incest, fr. incestus unchaste; pref. in- not + castus chaste. See Chaste.] The crime of cohabitation or sexual commerce between persons related within the degrees wherein marriage is prohibited by law. Shak. Spiritual incest. (Eccl. Law) (a) The crime of cohabitation committed between persons who have a spiritual alliance by means of baptism or confirmation. (b) The act of a vicar, or other beneficiary, who holds two benefices, the one depending on the collation of the other. Incesttuous In*cest"tu*ous (?; 135), a. [L. incestuosus: cf. F. incestueux.] Guilty of incest; involving, or pertaining to, the crime of incest; as, an incestuous person or connection. Shak. Ere you reach to this incestuous love, You must divine and human rights remove. Dryden. -- In*cest"tu*ous*ly, adv. -- In*cest"tu*ous*ness, n. Inch Inch (?), n. [Gael. inis.] An island; -- often used in the names of small islands off the coast of Scotland, as in Inchcolm, Inchkeith, etc. [Scot.] Inch Inch, n. [OE. inche, unche, AS. ynce, L. uncia the twelfth part, inch, ounce. See Ounce a weight.] 1. A measure of length, the twelfth part of a foot, commonly subdivided into halves, quarters, eights, sixteenths, etc., as among mechanics. It was also formerly divided into twelve parts, called lines, and originally into three parts, called barleycorns, its length supposed to have been determined from three grains of barley placed end to end lengthwise. It is also sometimes called a prime (\'b7), composed of twelve seconds (\'b7\'b7), as in the duodecimal system of arithmetic. <-- \'b7 is the same symbol as the light accent, or the "minutes" of an arc. The "seconds" synbol should actually have the two strokes closer than in repeated "minutes". Here, \'b7\'b7 will be interpreted as "seconds" --> 12 seconds (\'b7\'b7) make 1 inch or prime. 12 inches or primes (\'b7) make 1 foot. B. Greenleaf. NOTE: &hand; The meter, the accepted scientific standard of length, equals 39.37 inches; the inch is equal to 2.54 centimeters. See Metric system, and Meter. 2. A small distance or degree, whether or time Beldame, I think we watched you at an inch. Shak. By inches, by slow degrees, gradually. -- Inch of candle. See under Candle. -- Inches of pressure, usually, the pressure indicated by so many inches of a mercury column, as on a steam gauge. -- Inch of water. See under Water. -- Miner's inch, (Hydraulic Mining), a unit for the measurement of water. See Inch of water, under Water. Inch Inch (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inching.] 1. To drive by inches, or small degrees. [R.] He gets too far into the soldier's grace And inches out my master. Dryden. 2. To deal out by inches; to give sparingly. [R.] Inch Inch, v. i. To advance or retire by inches or small degrees; to move slowly. With slow paces measures back the field, And inches to the walls. Dryden. Inch Inch, a. Measurement an inch in any dimension, whether length, breadth, or thickness; -- used in composition; as, a two-inch cable; a four-inch plank. Inch stuff, boards, etc., sawed one inch thick. Inchamber In*cham"ber (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inchambered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inchambering.] [Pref. in- in + chamber: cf. OF. enchambrer.] To lodge in a chamber. [R.] Sherwood. Inchangeability In*change`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. Unchangeableness. [Obs.] Kenrick. Inchant In*chant" (?), v. t. See Enchant. Incharitable In*char"i*ta*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. incharitable.] Uncharitable; unfeeling. [Obs.] Shak. Incharity In*char"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. incharit\'82.] Want of charity. [Obs.] Evelyn. Inchase In*chase" (?), v. t. See Enchase. Inchastity In*chas"ti*ty (?), n. [Pref. in- not + chastity: cf. F. inchastet\'82.] Unchastity. [Obs.] Milton. Inched Inched (?), a. Having or measuring (so many) inches; as, a four-inched bridge. Shak. Inchest In*chest" (?), v. t. To put into a chest. Inchipin Inch"i*pin (?), n. See Inchpin. Inchmeal Inch"meal` (?), n. [See Meal a part, and cf. Piecemeal.] A piece an inch long. By inchmeal, by small degrees; by inches. Shak. Inchmeal Inch"meal`, adv. Little by little; gradually. Inchoate In"cho*ate (?), a. [L. inchoatus, better incohatus, p. p. of incohare to begin.] Recently, or just, begun; beginning; partially but not fully in existence or operation; existing in its elements; incomplete. -- In"cho*ate*ly, adv. Neither a substance perfect, nor a substance inchoate. Raleigh. Inchoate In"cho*ate (?), v. t. To begin. [Obs.] Dr. H. More. Inchoation In`cho*a"tion (?), n. [L. inchoatio, incohatio.] Act of beginning; commencement; inception. The setting on foot some of those arts, in those parts, would be looked on as the first inchoation of them. Sir M. Hale. It is now in actual progress, from the rudest inchoation to the most elaborate finishing. I. Taylor. Inchoative In*cho"a*tive (?; 277), a. [L. inchoativus, incohativus: cf. F. inchoatif.] Expressing or pertaining to a beginning; inceptive; as, an inchoative verb. "Some inchoative or imperfect rays." W. Montagu. -- n. An inchoative verb. See Inceptive. Inchpin Inch"pin (?), n. [Written also inchipin, inche-pinne, inne-pinne.] [Cf. Gael. inne, innidh, bowel, entrail.] The sweetbread of a deer. Cotgrave. Inchworm Inch"worm` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The larva of any geometrid moth. See Geometrid. Incicurable In*cic"u*ra*ble (?), a. [L. incicur not tame; pref. in- not + cicur name.] Untamable. [R.] Incide In*cide" (?), v. t. [L. incidere; pref. in- in + caedere to cut. See Concise, and cf. Incise.] To cut; to separate and remove; to resolve or break up, as by medicines. [Obs.] Arbuthnot. Incidence In"ci*dence (?), n. [Cf. F. incidence.] 1. A falling on or upon; an incident; an event. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. 2. (Physics) The direction in which a body, or a ray of light or heat, falls on any surface. In equal incidences there is a considerable inequality of refractions. Sir I. Newton. Angle of incidence, the angle which a ray of light, or the line of incidence of a body, falling on any surface, makes with a perpendicular to that surface; also formerly, the complement of this angle. -- Line of incidence, the line in the direction of which a surface is struck by a body, ray of light, and the like. Incidency In"ci*den*cy (?), n. Incidence. [Obs.] Shak. Incident In"ci*dent (?), a. [L. incidens, -entis, p. pr. & of incidere to fall into or upon; pref. in- in, on + cadere to fall: cf. F. incident. See Cadence.] 1. Falling or striking upon, as a ray of light upon a reflecting surface. 2. Coming or happening accidentally; not in the usual course of things; not in connection with the main design; not according to expectation; casual; fortuitous. As the ordinary course of common affairs is disposed of by general laws, so likewise men's rarer incident necessities and utilities should be with special equity considered. Hooker. 3. Liable to happen; apt to occur; befalling; hence, naturally happening or appertaining. All chances incident to man's frail life. Milton. The studies incident to his profession. Milward. 4. (Law) Dependent upon, or appertaining to, another thing, called the principal. Incident proposition (Logic), a proposition subordinate to another, and introduced by who, which, whose, whom, etc.; as, Julius, whose surname was C\'91sar, overcame Pompey. I. Watts. Incident In"ci*dent, n. [Cf. F. incident.] 1. That which falls out or takes place; an event; casualty; occurrence. _________________________________________________________________ Page 744 2. That which happens aside from the main design; an accidental or subordinate action or event. No person, no incident, in a play but must be of use to carry on the main design. Dryden. 3. (Law) Something appertaining to, passing with, or depending on, another, called the principal. Tomlins. Syn. -- Circumstance; event; fact; adventure; contingency; chance; accident; casualty. See Event. Incindental In`cin*den"tal (?), a. Happening, as an occasional event, without regularity; coming without design; casual; accidental; hence, not of prime concern; subordinate; collateral; as, an incidental conversation; an incidental occurrence; incidental expenses. By some, religious duties . . . appear to be regarded . . . as an incidental business. Rogers. Syn. -- Accidental; casual; fortuitous; contingent; chance; collateral. See Accidental. -- In`cen*den"tal*ly, adv. -- In`cen*den"tal*ness, n. I treat either or incidentally of colors. Boyle. Incendental In`cen*den"tal, n. An incident; that which is incidental; esp., in the plural, an aggregate of subordinate or incidental items not particularized; as, the expense of tuition and incidentals. Pope. Incidently In"ci*dent*ly (?), adv. Incidentally. [Obs.] Incinerable In*cin"er*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being incinerated or reduced to ashes. Sir T. Browne. Incinerate In*cin"er*ate (?), [LL. incineratus, p. p. of incinerare to incinerate; L. pref. in- in + cinis, cineris, ashes.] Reduced to ashes by burning; thoroughly consumed. [Obs.] Bacon. Incinerate In*cin"er*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incinerated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Incinerating (?).] To burn to ashes; to consume; to burn. Bacon. It is the fire only that incinerates bodies. Boyle. Incineration In*cin`er*a"tion (?), n. [LL. incineratio: cf. F. incin\'82ration.] The act of incinerating, or the state of being incinerated; cremation. The phenix kind, Of whose incineration, There riseth a new creation. Skelton. Incipience, Incipiency In*cip"i*ence (?), In*cip"i*en*cy (?), n. [L. incipientia.] Beginning; commencement; incipient state. Incipient In*cip"i*ent (?), a. [L. incipiens, p. pr. of incipere to begin. See Inception.] Beginning to be, or to show itself; commencing; initial; as, the incipient stage of a fever; incipient light of day. -- In*cip"i*ent*ly, adv. Incircle In*cir"cle (?), v. t. See Encircle. Incirclet In*cir"clet (?), n. [Cf. Encirclet.] A small circle. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney. Incircumscriptible In*cir`cum*scrip"ti*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + circumscriptible: cf. LL. incircumscriptibilis.] Incapable of being circumscribed or limited. Cranmer. Incircumscription In*cir`cum*scrip"tion (?), n. Condition or quality of being incircumscriptible or limitless. Jer. Taylor. Incircumspect In*cir"cum*spect (?), a. [Pref. in- not + circumspect.] Not circumspect; heedless; careless; reckless; impolitic. Tyndale. Incircumspection In*cir`cum*spec"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. incirconspection.] Want of circumspection. Sir T. Browne. Incise In*cise" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incised (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Incising.] [L. incisus, p. p. of incidere to incise: cf. F. inciser. See Incide.] 1. To cut in or into with a sharp instrument; to carve; to engrave. I on thy grave this epitaph incise. T. Carew. 2. To cut, gash, or wound with a sharp instrument; to cut off. Incised In*cised" (?), a. 1. Cut in; carved; engraved. 2. (Bot.) Having deep and sharp notches, as a leaf or a petal. Incisely In*cise"ly (?), adv. In an incised manner. Incision In*ci"sion (?), n. [L. incisio: cf. F. incision. See Incise.] 1. The act of incising, or cutting into a substance. Milton. 2. That which is produced by incising; the separation of the parts of any substance made by a cutting or pointed instrument; a cut; a gash. 3. Separation or solution of viscid matter by medicines. [Obs.] Incisive In*ci"sive (?), a. [Cf. F. incisif.] 1. Having the quality of incising, cutting, or penetrating, as with a sharp instrument; cutting; hence, sharp; acute; sarcastic; biting. "An incisive, high voice." G. Eliot. And her incisive smile accrediting That treason of false witness in my blush. Mrs. Browning. 2. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the incisors; incisor; as, the incisive bones, the premaxillaries. Incisor In*ci"sor (?; 277), n. [NL.] (Anat.) One of the teeth in front of the canines in either jaw; an incisive tooth. See Tooth. Incisor In*ci"sor, a. Adapted for cutting; of or pertaining to the incisors; incisive; as, the incisor nerve; an incisor foramen; an incisor tooth. Incisory In*ci"so*ry (?), a. Having the quality of cutting; incisor; incisive. Incisure In*cis"ure (?; 277), n. [L. incisura: cf. F. incisure.] A cut; an incision; a gash. Derham. Incitant In*cit"ant (?), a. [L. incitans, -antis, p. pr. of incitare. See Incite.] Inciting; stimulating. Incitant In*cit"ant, n. That which incites; an inciting agent or cause; a stimulant. E. Darwin. Incitation In`ci*ta"tion (?), n. [L. incitatio: cf. F. incitation.] 1. The act of inciting or moving to action. 2. That which incites to action; that which rouses or prompts; incitement; motive; incentive. The noblest incitation to honest attempts. Tatler. Incitative In*cit"a*tive (?), n. A provocative; an incitant; a stimulant. [R.] Jervas. Incite In*cite" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incited (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inciting.] [L. incitare; pref. in- in + citare to rouse, stir up: cf. F. inciter. See Cite.] To move to action; to stir up; to rouse; to spur or urge on. Anthiochus, when he incited Prusias to join in war, set before him the greatness of the Romans. Bacon. No blown ambition doth our arms incite. Shak. Syn. -- Excite; stimulate; instigate; spur; goad; arouse; move; urge; rouse; provoke; encourage; prompt; animate. See Excite. Incitement In*cite"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. incitement.] 1. The act of inciting. 2. That which incites the mind, or moves to action; motive; incentive; impulse. Burke. From the long records of a distant age, Derive incitements to renew thy rage. Pope. Syn. -- Motive; incentive; spur; stimulus; impulse; encouragement. Inciter In*cit"er (?), n. One who, or that which, incites. Incitingly In*cit"ing*ly, adv. So as to incite or stimulate. Incito-motor In*ci`to-mo"tor (?), a. [L. incitus incited + E. motor.] (Physiol.) Inciting to motion; -- applied to that action which, in the case of muscular motion, commences in the nerve centers, and excites the muscles to contraction. Opposed to excito-motor. Incito-motory In*ci`to-mo"to*ry (?), a. (Physiol.) Incitomotor. Incivil In*civ"il (?), a. [L. incivilis; pref. in- not + civilis civil: cf. F. incivil.] Uncivil; rude. [Obs.] Shak. Incivility In`ci*vil"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Incivilities (#). [L. incivilitas: cf. F. incivilit\'82.] 1. The quality or state of being uncivil; want of courtesy; rudeness of manner; impoliteness. Shak. Tillotson. 2. Any act of rudeness or ill breeding. Uncomely jests, loud talking and jeering, which, in civil account, are called indecencies and incivilities. Jer. Taylor. 3. Want of civilization; a state of rudeness or barbarism. [R.] Sir W. Raleigh. Syn. -- Impoliteness; uncourteousness; unmannerliness; disrespect; rudeness; discourtesy. Incivilization In*civ`i*li*za"tion (?), n. [Pref. in- not + civilization.] The state of being uncivilized; want of civilization; barbarism. Incivilly In*civ"il*ly (?), adv. Uncivilly. [Obs.] Shak. Incivism In*civ"ism (?), n. [Pref. in- not + civism: cf. F. incivisme.] Want of civism; want of patriotism or love to one's country; unfriendliness to one's state or government. [R.] Macaulay. Inclamation In`cla*ma"tion (?), n. [L. inclamatio. See 1st In-, and Claim.] Exclamation. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Inclasp In*clasp" (?), v. t. [Pref. in- in + clasp. Cf. Enclasp.] To clasp within; to hold fast to; to embrace or encircle. [Written also enclasp.] The flattering ivy who did ever see Inclasp the huge trunk of an aged tree. F. Beaumont. Inclaudent In*clau"dent (?), a. Not closing or shutting. Inclavated In"cla*va`ted (?), a. [LL. inclavatus; L. pref. in- in + clavare to fasten with nails, fr. clavus nail.] Set; fast; fixed. Dr. John Smith. Inclave In*clave" (?), a. [See Inclavated.] (Her.) Resembling a series of dovetails; -- said of a line of division, such as the border of an ordinary. Incle In"cle (?), n. Same as Inkle. Inclemency In*clem"en*cy (?), n.; pl. Inclemencies (#). [L. inclementia: cf. F. incl\'82mence.] 1. The state or quality of being inclement; want of clemency; want of mildness of temper; unmercifulness; severity. The inclemency of the late pope. Bp. Hall. 2. Physical severity or harshness (commonly in respect to the elements or weather); roughness; storminess; rigor; severe cold, wind, rain, or snow. The inclemencies of morning air. Pope. The rude inclemency of wintry skies. Cowper. Syn. -- Harshness; severity; cruelty; rigor; roughness; storminess; boisterousness. Inclement In*clem"ent (?), a. [L. inclemens; pref. in- not + clemens mild: cf. F. incl\'82ment. See Clement.] 1. Not clement; destitute of a mild and kind temper; void of tenderness; unmerciful; severe; harsh. 2. Physically severe or harsh (generally restricted to the elements or weather); rough; boisterous; stormy; rigorously cold, etc.; as, inclement weather. Cowper. The guard the wretched from the inclement sky. Pope. Teach us further by what means to shun The inclement seasons, rain, ice, hail, and snow! Milton. Inclemently In*clem"ent*ly, adv. In an inclement manner. Inclinable In*clin"a*ble (?), a. [L. inclinabilis. See Incline.] 1. Leaning; tending. Likely and inclinable to fall. Bentley. 2. Having a propensity of will or feeling; leaning in disposition; disposed; propense; as, a mind inclinable to truth. Whatsoever other sins he may be inclinable to. South. The very constitution of a multitude is not so inclinable to save as to destroy. Fuller. Inclinableness In*clin"a*ble*ness, n. The state or quality of being inclinable; inclination. Inclinnation In`clin*na"tion (?), n. [L. inclinatio: cf. F. inclination.] 1. The act of inclining, or state of being inclined; a leaning; as, an inclination of the head. 2. A direction or tendency from the true vertical or horizontal direction; as, the inclination of a column, or of a road bed. 3. A tendency towards another body or point 4. (Geom.) The angle made by two lines or planes; as, the inclination of the plane of the earth's equator to the plane of the ecliptic is about 23° 28\'b7; the inclination of two rays of light. 5. A leaning or tendency of the mind, feelings, preferences, or will; propensity; a disposition more favorable to one thing than to another; favor; desire; love. A mere inclination to a thing is not properly a willing of that thing. South. How dost thou find the inclination of the people? Shak. 6. A person or thing loved or admired. Sir W. Temple. 7. (Pharm.) Decantation, or tipping for pouring. Inclination compass, an inclinometer. -- Inclination of an orbit (Astron.), the angle which the orbit makes the ecliptic. -- Inclination of the needle. See Dip of the needle, under Dip. Syn. -- Bent; tendency; proneness; bias; proclivity; propensity; prepossession; predilection; attachment; desire; affection; love. See Bent, and cf. Disposition. Inclinatory In*clin"a*to*ry (?; 277), a. Having the quality of leaning or inclining; as, the inclinatory needle. -- In*clin"a*to*ri*ly (#), adv. Sir T. Browne. Incline In*cline" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Inclined (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inclining.] [OE. inclinen, enclinen, OF. encliner, incliner, F. incliner, L. inclinare; pref. in- in + clinare to bend, incline; akin to E. lean. See Lean to incline.] 1. To deviate from a line, direction, or course, toward an object; to lean; to tend; as, converging lines incline toward each other; a road inclines to the north or south. 2. Fig.: To lean or tend, in an intellectual or moral sense; to favor an opinion, a course of conduct, or a person; to have a propensity or inclination; to be disposed. Their hearts inclined to follow Abimelech. Judges ix. 3. Power finds its balance, giddy motions cease In both the scales, and each inclines to peace. Parnell. 3. To bow; to incline the head. Chaucer. Syn. -- To lean; slope; slant; tend; bend. Incline In*cline", v. t. 1. To cause to deviate from a line, position, or direction; to give a leaning, bend, or slope to; as, incline the column or post to the east; incline your head to the right. Incline thine ear, O Lord, and hear. Is. xxxvii. 17. 2. To impart a tendency or propensity to, as to the will or affections; to turn; to dispose; to influence. Incline my heart unto thy testimonies. Ps. cxix. 36. Incline our hearts to keep this law. Book of Com. Prayer. 3. To bend; to cause to stoop or bow; as, to incline the head or the body in acts of reverence or civility. With due respect my body I inclined. Dryden. Incline In*cline", n. An inclined plane; an ascent o Inclined In*clined" (?), p. p. & a. 1. Having a leaning or tendency towards, or away from, a thing; disposed or moved by wish, desire, or judgment; as, a man inclined to virtue. "Each pensively inclined." Cowper. 2. (Math.) Making an angle with some line or plane; -- said of a line or plane. 3. (Bot.) Bent out of a perpendicular position, or into a curve with the convex side uppermost. Inclined plane. (Mech.) (a) A plane that makes an oblique angle with the plane of the horizon; a sloping plane. When used to produce pressure, or as a means of moving bodies, it is one of the mechanical powers, so called. (b) (Railroad & Canal) An inclined portion of track, on which trains or boats are raised or lowered from one level to another. Incliner In*clin"er (?), n. One who, or that which, inclines; specifically, an inclined dial. Inclining In*clin"ing, a. (Bot.) Same as Inclined, 3. Inclining In*clin"ing, n. 1. Inclination; disposition. On the first inclining towards sleep. Burke. 2. Party or side chosen; a following. Both you of my inclining, and the rest. Shak. Inclinnometer In`clin*nom"e*ter (?), n. [Incline + -meter.] (Magnetism) An apparatus to determine the inclination of the earth's magnetic force to the plane of the horizon; -- called also inclination compass, and dip circle. Inclip In*clip" (?), v. t. To clasp; to inclose. Whate'er the ocean pales, or sky inclips. Shak. Incloister In*clois"ter (?), v. t. [Pref. in- in + cloister: cf. F. enclo\'8ctrer. Cf. Encloister.] To confine as in a cloister; to cloister. Lovelace. Inclose In*close" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Inclosed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Inclosing.] [See Enclose, and cf. Include.] [Written also enclose.] 1. To surround; to shut in; to confine on all sides; to include; to shut up; to encompass; as, to inclose a fort or an army with troops; to inclose a town with walls. How many evils have inclosed me round! Milton. 2. To put within a case, envelope, or the like; to fold (a thing) within another or into the same parcel; as, to inclose a letter or a bank note. The inclosed copies of the treaty. Sir W. Temple. 3. To separate from common grounds by a fence; as, to inclose lands. Blackstone. 4. To put into harness; to harness. [Obs.] They went to coach and their horse inclose. Chapman. Incloser In*clos"er (?), n. One who, or that which, incloses; one who fences off land from common grounds. Inclosure In*clo"sure (?; 135), n. [See Inclose, Enclosure.] [Written also enclosure.] 1. The act of inclosing; the state of being inclosed, shut up, or encompassed; the separation of land from common ground by a fence. 2. That which is inclosed or placed within something; a thing contained; a space inclosed or fenced up. Within the inclosure there was a great store of houses. Hakluyt. 3. That which incloses; a barrier or fence. Breaking our inclosures every morn. W. Browne. Incloud In*cloud" (?), v. t. To envelop as in clouds; to darken; to obscure. Milton. _________________________________________________________________ Page 745 Include In*clude" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Included; p. pr. & vb. n. Including.] [L. includere, inclusum; pref. in- in + claudere to shut. See Close, and cf. Enclose.] 1. To confine within; to hold; to contain; to shut up; to inclose; as, the shell of a nut includes the kernel; a pearl is included in a shell. 2. To comprehend or comprise, as a genus the species, the whole a part, an argument or reason the inference; to contain; to embrace; as, this volume of Shakespeare includes his sonnets; he was included in the invitation to the family; to and including page twenty-five. <-- usu. up to and including . . . --> The whole included race, his purposed prey. Milton. The loss of such a lord includes all harm. Shak. 3. To conclude; to end; to terminate. [Obs.] Come, let us go; we will include all jars With triumphs, mirth, and rare solemnity. Shak. Syn. -- To contain; inclose; comprise; comprehend; embrace; involve. Included In*clud"ed (?), a. Inclosed; confined. Included stamens (Bot.), such as are shorter than the floral envelopes, or are concealed within them. Includible In*clud"i*ble (?), a. Capable of being included. Inclusa In*clu"sa (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. inclusus, p. p. of includere to shut in.] (Zo\'94l.) A tribe of bivalve mollusks, characterized by the closed state of the mantle which envelops the body. The ship borer (Teredo navalis) is an example. Inclusion In*clu"sion (?), n. [L. inclusio: cf. F. inclusion. See Include.] 1. The act of including, or the state of being included; limitation; restriction; as, the lines of inclusion of his policy. Sir W. Temple. 2. (Min.) A foreign substance, either liquid or solid, usually of minute size, inclosed in the mass of a mineral. Inclusive In*clu"sive (?), a. [Cf. F. inclusif.] 1. Inclosing; encircling; surrounding. The inclusive verge Of golden metal that must round my brow. Shak. 2. Comprehending the stated limit or extremes; as, from Monday to Saturday inclusive, that is, taking in both Monday and Saturday; -- opposed to exclusive. <-- see include, v.t. 2 --> Inclusively In*clu"sive*ly, adv. In an inclusive manner. Incoach In*coach" (?), v. t. To put a coach. Incoact, Incoacted In`co*act" (?), In`co*act"ed (?), a. [L. incoactus; pref. in- not + coactus forced. See Coact.] Not compelled; unconstrained. [Obs.] Coles. Incoagulable In`co*ag"u*la*ble (?), a. Not coagulable. Incoalescence In`co*a*les"cence (?), n. The state of not coalescing. Incocted In*coct"ed (?), a. [Cf. Concoct.] Raw; indigestible. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Incoercible In`co*er"ci*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + coercible: cf. F. incoercible.] 1. Not to be coerced; incapable of being compelled or forced. 2. (Physics) Not capable of being reduced to the form of a liquid by pressure; -- said of any gas above its critical point; -- also particularly of oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and carbon monoxide, formerly regarded as incapable of liquefaction at any temperature or pressure. 3. (Physics) That can note be confined in, or excluded from, vessels, like ordinary fluids, gases, etc.; -- said of the imponderable fluids, heat, light, electricity, etc. Incoexistence In`co*ex*ist"ence (?), n. The state of not coexisting. [Obs.] Locke. Incog In*cog" (?), adv. Incognito. [Colloq.] Depend upon it -- he'll remain incog. Addison. Incogitable In*cog"i*ta*ble (?), a. [L. incogitabilis; pref. in- not + cogitabilis cogitable.] Not cogitable; inconceivable. Sir T. More. Incogitance, Incogitancy In*cog"i*tance (?), In*cog"i*tan*cy (?), n. [L. incogitantia.] Want of thought, or of the power of thinking; thoughtlessness; unreasonableness. 'T is folly and incogitancy to argue anything, one way or the other, from the designs of a sort of beings with whom we so little communicate. Glanvill. Incogitant In*cog"i*tant (?), a. [L. incogitans; pref. in- not + cogitans, p. pr. of cogitare to think. See Cogitate.] Toughtless; inconsiderate. [R.] Milton. Men are careless and incogitant. J. Goodman. Incogitantly In*cog"i*tant*ly, adv. In an incogitant manner. Incogitative In*cog"i*ta*tive (?), a. Not cogitative; not thinking; wanting the power of thought; as, a vegetable is an incogitative being. Locke. Incogitativity In*cog`i*ta*tiv"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being incogitative; want of thought or of the power of thinking. Wollaston. Incognita In*cog"ni*ta (?), n. [See Incognito.] 1. A woman who is unknown or in disguise. 2. The state of being in disguise; -- said of a woman. Incognitant In*cog"ni*tant (?), a. Ignorant. [Obs.] Incognito In*cog"ni*to (?), a. OR adv. [It. incognito, masc., incognita, fem., L. incognitus unknown; pref. in- not + cognitus known, p. p. of cognoscere: cf. F. incognito, fr. It. See Cognition.] Without being known; in disguise; in an assumed character, or under an assumed title; -- said esp. of great personages who sometimes adopt a disguise or an assumed character in order to avoid notice. 'T was long ago Since gods come down incognito. Prior. The prince royal of Persia came thither incognito. Tatler. Incognito In*cog"ni*to, n.; pl. Incognitos (#). [See Incognito, a.] 1. One unknown or in disguise, or under an assumed character or name. 2. The assumption of disguise or of a feigned character; the state of being in disguise or not recognized. His incognito was endangered. Sir W. Scott. Incognizable In*cog"ni*za*ble (?), a. Not cognizable; incapable of being recognized, known, or distinguished. H. Spenser. The Lettish race, not a primitive stock of the Slavi, but a distinct branch, now become incognizable. Tooke. Incognizance In*cog"ni*zance (?), n. Failure to cognize, apprehended, or notice. This incognizance may be explained. Sir W. Hamilton. Incognizant In*cog"ni*zant (?), a. Not cognizant; failing to apprehended or notice. Of the several operations themselves, as acts of volition, we are wholly incognizant. Sir W. Hamilton. Incognoscible In`cog*nos"ci*ble (?), a. Incognizable. -- In`cog*nos"ci*bil"i*ty (#), n. Incoherence, Incoherency In`co*her"ence (?), In`co*her"en*cy (?), n. [Cf. F. incoh\'82rence.] 1. The quality or state of being incoherent; want of coherence; want of cohesion or adherence. Boyle. 2. Want of connection; incongruity; inconsistency; want of agreement or dependence of one part on another; as, the incoherence of arguments, facts, etc. Incoherences in matter, and suppositions without proofs, put handsomely together, are apt to pass for strong reason. Locke. 3. That which is incoherent. Crude incoherencies . . . and nauseous tautologies. South. Incoherent In`co*her"ent (?), a. [Pref. in- not + coherent: cf. F. incoh\'82rent.] 1. Not coherent; wanting cohesion; loose; unconnected; physically disconnected; not fixed to each; -- said of material substances. Woodward. 2. Wanting coherence or agreement; incongruous; inconsistent; having no dependence of one part on another; logically disconnected. "The same rambling, incoherent manner." Bp. Warburton. Incoherentific In`co*her`en*tif"ic (?), a. [E. incoherent + L. facere to make.] Causing incoherence. [R.] Incoherently In`co*her"ent*ly (?), adv. In an incoherent manner; without due connection of parts. Incoherentness In`co*her"ent*ness, n. Incoherence. Incoincidence In`co*in"ci*dence (?), n. The quality of being incoincident; want of coincidence. [R.] Incoincident In`co*in"ci*dent (?), a. Not coincident; not agreeing in time, in place, or principle. Incolumity In`co*lu"mi*ty (?), n. [L. incolumitas, fr. incolumis uninjured, safe; perh. fr. in intens. + (doubtful) columis safe.] Safety; security. [Obs.] Howell. Incomber In*com"ber (?), v. t. See Encumber. Incombine In`com*bine" (?), v. i. To be incapable of combining; to disagree; to differ. [Obs.] Milton. Incombustibility In`com*bus`ti*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. incombustilit\'82.] The quality of being incombustible. Incombustible In`com*bus"ti*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + combustible: cf. F. incombustible.] Not combustible; not capable of being burned, decomposed, or consumed by fire; uninflammable; as, asbestus is an incombustible substance; carbon dioxide is an incombustible gas. Incombustible cloth, a tissue of amianthus or asbestus; also, a fabric imbued with an incombustible substance. -- In`com*bus"ti*ble*ness, n. -- In`com*bus"ti*bly, adv. Income In"come (?), n. 1. A coming in; entrance; admittance; ingress; infusion. [Obs.] Shak. More abundant incomes of light and strength from God. Bp. Rust. At mine income I louted low. Drant. 2. That which is caused to enter; inspiration; influence; hence, courage or zeal imparted. [R.] I would then make in and steep My income in their blood. Chapman. 3. That gain which proceeds from labor, business, property, or capital of any kind, as the produce of a farm, the rent of houses, the proceeds of professional business, the profits of commerce or of occupation, or the interest of money or stock in funds, etc.; revenue; receipts; salary; especially, the annual receipts of a private person, or a corporation, from property; as, a large income. No fields afford So large an income to the village lord. Dryden. 4. (Physiol.) That which is taken into the body as food; the ingesta; -- sometimes restricted to the nutritive, or digestible, portion of the food. See Food. Opposed to output. Income bond, a bond issued on the income of the corporation or company issuing it, and the interest of which is to be paid from the earnings of the company before any dividends are made to stockholders; -- issued chiefly or exclusively by railroad companies. -- Income tax, a tax upon a person's incomes, emoluments, profits, etc., or upon the excess beyond a certain amount. Syn. -- Gain; profit; proceeds; salary; revenue; receipts; interest; emolument; produce. Incomer In"com`er (?), n. 1. One who comes in. Outgoers and incomers. Lew Wallace. 2. One who succeeds another, as a tenant of land, houses, etc. [Eng.] Incoming In"com`ing, a. 1. Coming in; accruing. A full incoming profit on the product of his labor. Burke. 2. Coming in, succeeding, or following, as occupant or possessor; as, in incoming tenant. Incoming In"com`ing, n. 1. The act of coming in; arrival. The incomings and outgoings of the trains. Dickens. 2. Income; gain. [R.] Many incomings are subject to great fluctuations. Tooke. Incomity In*com"i*ty (?), n. Want of comity; incivility; rudeness. [R.] In commendam In com*men"dam (?). [See Commendam.] (Law) See Commendam, and Partnership in Commendam, under Partnership. Incommensurability In`com*men`su*ra*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. incommensurabilit\'82.] The quality or state of being incommensurable. Reid. Incommensurable In`com*men"su*ra*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + commensurable: cf. F. incommensurable.] Not commensurable; having no common measure or standard of comparison; as, quantities are incommensurable when no third quantity can be found that is an aliquot part of both; the side and diagonal of a square are incommensurable with each other; the diameter and circumference of a circle are incommensurable. They are quantities incommensurable. Burke. -- In`com*men"su*ra*ble*ness, n. -- In`com*men"su*ra*bly, adv. Incommensurable In`com*men"su*ra*ble (?), n. One of two or more quantities which have no common measure. Incommensurate In`com*men"su*rate (?), a. 1. Not commensurate; not admitting of a common measure; incommensurable. 2. Not of equal of sufficient measure or extent; not adequate; as, our means are incommensurate to our wants. Syn. -- Inadequate; insufficient; disproportionate. -- In`com*men"su*rate*ly, adv. -- In`com*men"su*rate*ness, n. Incommiscible In`com*mis"ci*ble (?), a. [L. incommiscibilis; pref. in- not + commiscibilis that can be mingled.] Not commiscible; not mixable. Incommixture In`com*mix"ture (?; 135), n. A state of being unmixed; separateness. Sir T. Browne. Incommodate In*com"mo*date (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incommodated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Incommodating (?).] [L. incommodare. See Incommode.] To incommode. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Incommodation In*com`mo*da"tion (?), n. The state of being incommoded; inconvenience. [Obs.] Incommode In`com*mode" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incommoded; p. pr. & vb. n. Incommoding.] [F. incommoder, L. incommodare inconvenient; pref. in- not + commodus convenient. See Commodious.] To give inconvenience or trouble to; to disturb or molest; to discommode; to worry; to put out; as, we are incommoded by want of room. Syn. -- To annoy; disturb; trouble; molest; disaccomodate; inconvenience; disquiet; vex; plague. Incommode In`com*mode", n. An inconvenience. [R.] Strype. Incommodement In`com*mode"ment (?), n. The act of incommoded. [Obs.] Cheyne. Incommodious In`com*mo"di*ous (?), a. [Pref. in- not + commodious: cf. LL. incommodious, L. incommodus, F. incommode.] Tending to incommode; not commodious; not affording ease or advantage; unsuitable; giving trouble; inconvenient; annoying; as, an incommodious seat; an incommodious arrangement. -- In`com*mo"di*ous*ly, adv. -- In`com*mo"di*ous*ness, n. Incommodity In`com*mo"di*ty (?), n.; pl. Incommodities (#). [L. incommoditas: cf. F. incommodit\'82. See Incommodious.] Inconvenience; trouble; annoyance; disadvantage; encumbrance. [Archaic] Bunyan. A great incommodity to the body. Jer. Taylor. Buried him under a bulk of incommodities. Hawthorne. Incommunicability In`com*mu`ni*ca*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. incommunicabilit\'82.] The quality or state of being incommunicable, or incapable of being imparted. Incommunicable In`com*mu"ni*ca*ble (?), a. [L. incommunicabilis: cf. F. incommunicable. See In- not, and Communicable.] Not communicable; incapable of being communicated, shared, told, or imparted, to others. Health and understanding are incommunicable. Southey. Those incommunicable relations of the divine love. South. -- In`com*mu"ni*ca*ble*ness, n. -- In`com*mu"ni*ca*bly, adv. Incommunicated In`com*mu"ni*ca`ted (?), a. Not communicated or imparted. [Obs.] Dr. H. More. Incommunicating In`com*mu"ni*ca`ting, a. Having no communion or intercourse with each other. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale. Incommunicative In`com*mu"ni*ca*tive (?), a. Not communicative; not free or apt to impart to others in conversation; reserved; silent; as, the messenger was incommunicative; hence, not disposed to hold fellowship or intercourse with others; exclusive. The Chinese . . . an incommunicative nation. C. Buchanan. -- In`com*mu"ni*ca*tive*ly, adv. -- In`com*mu"ni*ca*tive*ness, n. Lamb. His usual incommunicativeness. G. Eliot. Incommutability In`com*mu`ta*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L. incommutabilitas: cf. F. incommutabilit\'82.] The quality or state of being incommutable. Incommutable In`com*mut"a*ble (?), a. [L. incommutabilis: cf. F. incommutable. See In- not, and Commutable.] Not commutable; not capable of being exchanged with, or substituted for, another. Cudworth. -- In`com*mut"a*ble*ness, n. -- In`com*mut"a*bly, adv. Incompact, Incompacted In`com*pact" (?), In`com*pact"ed, a. Not compact; not having the parts firmly united; not solid; incoherent; loose; discrete. Boyle. Incomparable In*com"pa*ra*ble (?), a. [L. incomparabilis: cf. F. incomparable. See In- not, and Comparable.] Not comparable; admitting of no comparison with others; unapproachably eminent; without a peer or equal; matchless; peerless; transcendent. A merchant of incomparable wealth. Shak. A new hypothesis . . . which hath the incomparable Sir Isaac Newton for a patron. Bp. Warburton. -- In*com"pa*ra*ble*ness, n. -- In*com"pa*ra*bly, adv. Delights incomparably all those corporeal things. Bp. Wilkins. Incompared In`com*pared" (?), a. Peerless; incomparable. [Obs.] Spenser. Incompass In*com"pass (?), v. t. See Encompass. Incompassion In`com*pas"sion (?), n. [Pref. in- not + compassion: cf. F. incompassion.] Want of compassion or pity. [Obs.] Bp. Sanderson. Incompassionate In`com*pas"sion*ate (?), a. Not compassionate; void of pity or of tenderness; remorseless. -- In`com*pas"sion*ate*ly, adv. -- In`com*pas"sion*ate*ness, n. Incompatibility In`com*pat`i*bil"i*ty (?), n.; pl. -ties (. [Cf. F. incompatibilit\'82.] The quality or state of being incompatible; inconsistency; irreconcilableness. Incompatible In`com*pat"i*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + compatible: cf. F. incompatible.] [It was formerly sometimes written incompetible.] 1. Not compatible; so differing as to be incapable of harmonious combination or coexistence; inconsistent in thought or being; irreconcilably disagreeing; as, persons of incompatible tempers; incompatible colors, desires, ambition. A strength and obduracy of character incompatible with his meek and innocent nature. Southey. _________________________________________________________________ Page 746 2. (Chem.) Incapable of being together without mutual reaction or decomposition, as certain medicines. Incompatible terms (Logic), terms which can not be combined in thought. Syn. -- Inconsistent; incongruous; dissimilar; irreconcilable; unsuitable; disagreeing; inharmonious; discordant; repugnant; contradictory. See Inconsistent. Incompatible In`com*pat"i*ble (?), n. (Med. & Chem.) An incompatible substance; esp., in pl., things which can not be placed or used together because of a change of chemical composition or of opposing medicinal qualities; as, the incompatibles of iron. Incompatibleness In`com*pat"i*ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being incompatible; incompatibility. Incompatibly In`com*pat"i*bly, adv. In an incompatible manner; inconsistently; incongruously. Incompetence, Incompetency In*com"pe*tence (?), In*com"pe*tency (?), n. [Cf. F. incomp\'82tence.] 1. The quality or state of being incompetent; want of physical, intellectual, or moral ability; insufficiency; inadequacy; as, the incompetency of a child hard labor, or of an idiot for intellectual efforts. "Some inherent incompetency." Gladstone. 2. (Law) Want of competency or legal fitness; incapacity; disqualification, as of a person to be heard as a witness, or to act as a juror, or of a judge to try a cause. Syn. -- Inability; insufficiency; inadequacy; disqualification; incapability; unfitness. Incompetent In*com"pe*tent (?), a. [L. incompetens: cf. F. incomp\'82tent. See In- not, and Competent.] 1. Not competent; wanting in adequate strength, power, capacity, means, qualifications, or the like; incapable; unable; inadequate; unfit. Incompetent to perform the duties of the place. Macaulay. 2. (Law) Wanting the legal or constitutional qualifications; inadmissible; as, a person professedly wanting in religious belief is an incompetent witness in a court of law or equity; incompetent evidence. Richard III. had a resolution, out of hatred to his brethren, to disable their issues, upon false and incompetent pretexts, the one of attainder, the other of illegitimation. Bacon. 3. Not lying within one's competency, capacity, or authorized power; not permissible. Syn. -- Incapable; unable; inadequate; insufficient; inefficient; disqualified; unfit; improper. -- Incompetent, Incapable. Incompetent is a relative term, denoting a want of the requisite qualifications for performing a given act, service, etc.; incapable is absolute in its meaning, denoting want of power, either natural or moral. We speak of a man as incompetent to a certain task, of an incompetent judge, etc. We say of an idiot that he is incapable of learning to read; and of a man distinguished for his honor, that he is incapable of a mean action. Incompetently In*com"pe*tent*ly, adv. In an competent manner; inadequately; unsuitably. Incompetibility In`com*pet`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. See Incompatibility. Incompetible In`com*pet"i*ble (?), a. See Incompatible. Incomplete In`com*plete" (?), a. [L. incompletus: cf. F. incomplet. See In- not, and Complete.] 1. Not complete; not filled up; not finished; not having all its parts, or not having them all adjusted; imperfect; defective. A most imperfect and incomplete divine. Milton. 2. (Bot.) Wanting any of the usual floral organs; -- said of a flower. Incomplete equation (Alg.), an equation some of whose terms are wanting; or one in which the coefficient of some one or more of the powers of the unknown quantity is equal to 0. Incompletely In`com*plete"ly, adv. In an incomplete manner. Incompleteness In`com*plete"ness, n. The state of being incomplete; imperfectness; defectiveness. Boyle. Incompletion In`com*ple"tion (?), n. Want of completion; incompleteness. Smart. Incomplex In`com*plex" (?), a. [Pref. in- not + complex: cf. F. incomplexe.] Not complex; uncompounded; simple. Barrow. Incompliable In`com*pli"a*ble (?), a. Not compliable; not conformable. Incompliance In`com*pli"ance (?), n. 1. The quality or state of being incompliant; unyielding temper; obstinacy. Self-conceit produces peevishness and incompliance of humor in things lawful and indifferent. Tillotson. 2. Refusal or failure to comply. Strype. Incompliant In`com*pli"ant (?), a. Not compliant; unyielding to request, solicitation, or command; stubborn. -- In`com*pli"ant*ly, adv. Incomposed In`com*posed" (?), a. Disordered; disturbed. [Obs.] Milton. -- In`com*po"sed*ly (#), adv. [Obs.] -- In`com*pos"ed*ness, n. [Obs.] Incomposite In`com*pos"ite (?), a. [L. incompositus. See Composite.] Not composite; uncompounded; simple. Incomposite numbers. See Prime numbers, under Prime. Incompossible In`com*pos"si*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + compossible: cf. F. incompossible.] Not capable of joint existence; incompatible; inconsistent. [Obs.] Ambition and faith . . . are . . . incompossible. Jer. Taylor. -- In`com*pos`si*bil"i*ty (#), n. [Obs.] Incomprehense In*com`pre*hense" (?), a. [L. incomprehensus.] Incomprehensible. [Obs.] "Incomprehense in virtue." Marston. Incomprehensibility In*com`pre*hen`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. incompr\'82hensibilit\'82.] The quality of being incomprehensible, or beyond the reach of human intellect; incomprehensibleness; inconceivability; inexplicability. The constant, universal sense of all antiquity unanimously confessing an incomprehensibility in many of the articles of the Christian faith. South. Incomprehensible In*com`pre*hen"si*ble (?), a. [L. incomprehensibilis: cf. F. incompr\'82hensible. See In- not, and Comprehensible.] 1. Not capable of being contained within limits. An infinite and incomprehensible substance. Hooker. 2. Not capable of being comprehended or understood; beyond the reach of the human intellect; inconceivable. And all her numbered stars that seem to roll Spaces incomprehensible. Milton. -- In*com`pre*hen"si*ble*ness, n. -- In*com`pre*hen"si*bly, adv. Incomprehension In*com`pre*hen"sion (?), n. Want of comprehension or understanding. "These mazes and incomprehensions." Bacon. Incomprehensive In*com`pre*hen"sive (?), a. Not comprehensive; not capable of including or of understanding; not extensive; limited. -- In*com`pre*hen"sive*ly, a. Sir W. Hamilton. -- In*com`pre*hen"sive*ness, n. T. Warton. Incompressibility In`com*press`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. incompressibilit\'82.] The quality of being incompressible, or incapable of reduction in volume by pressure; -- formerly supposed to be a property of liquids. The incompressibility of water is not absolute. Rees. Incompressible In`com*press"i*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + compressible: cf. F. incompressible.] Not compressible; incapable of being reduced by force or pressure into a smaller compass or volume; resisting compression; as, many liquids and solids appear to be almost incompressible. -- In`com*press"i*ble*ness, n. Incomputable In`com*put"a*ble (?), a. Not computable. Inconcealable In`con*ceal"a*ble (?), a. Not concealable. "Inconcealable imperfections." Sir T. Browne. Inconceivability In`con*ceiv`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being inconceivable; inconceivableness. The inconceivability of the Infinite. Mansel. Inconceivable In`con*ceiv"a*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + conceivable: cf. F. inconcevable.] Not conceivable; incapable of being conceived by the mind; not explicable by the human intellect, or by any known principles or agencies; incomprehensible; as, it is inconceivable to us how the will acts in producing muscular motion. It is inconceivable to me that a spiritual substance should represent an extended figure. Locke. -- In`con*ceiv"a*ble*ness, n. -- In`con*ceiv"a*bly, adv. The inconceivableness of a quality existing without any subject to possess it. A. Tucker. Inconceptible In`con*cep"ti*ble (?), a. Inconceivable. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale. Inconcerning In`con*cern"ing (?), a. Unimportant; trifling. [Obs.] "Trifling and inconcerning matters." Fuller. Inconcinne In`con*cinne" (?), a. [See Inconcinnous.] Dissimilar; incongruous; unsuitable. [Obs.] Cudworth. Inconcinnity In`con*cin"ni*ty (?), n. [L. inconcinnitas.] Want of concinnity or congruousness; unsuitableness. There is an inconcinnity in admitting these words. Trench. Inconcinnous In`con*cin"nous (?), a. [L. inconcinnus. See In- not, and Concinnity.] Not concinnous; unsuitable; discordant. [Obs.] Cudworth. Inconcludent In`con*clud"ent (?), a. Not inferring a conclusion or consequence; not conclusive. [Obs.] Inconcluding In`con*clud"ing, a. Inferring no consequence. [Obs.] Inconclusive In`con*clu"sive (?), a. Not conclusive; leading to no conclusion; not closing or settling a point in debate, or a doubtful question; as, evidence is inconclusive when it does not exhibit the truth of a disputed case in such a manner as to satisfy the mind, and put an end to debate or doubt. Arguments . . . inconclusive and impertinent. South. -- In`con*clu"sive*ly, adv. -- In`con*clu"sive*ness, n. Inconcoct In`con*coct" (?), a. [L. pref. in- not + concoctus, p. p. of concoquere. See Concoct.] Inconcocted. [Obs.] Inconcocted In`con*coct"ed, a. [Pref. in- not + concocted.] Imperfectly digested, matured, or ripened. [Obs.] Bacon. Inconcoction In`con*coc"tion (?), n. The state of being undigested; unripeness; immaturity. [Obs.] Bacon. Inconcrete In*con"crete (?), a. [L. inconcretus incorporeal.] Not concrete. [R.] L. Andrews. Inconcurring In`con*cur"ring, a. Not concurring; disagreeing. [R.] Sir T. Browne. Inconcussible In`con*cus"si*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + L. concussibilis that can be shaken. See Concussion.] Not concussible; that cannot be shaken. Incondensability, Incondensibility In`con*den`sa*bil"i*ty (?), In`con*den`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being incondensable. Incondensable, Incondensible In`con*den"sa*ble (?), In`con*den"si*ble, a. Not condensable; incapable of being made more dense or compact, or reduced to liquid form. Incondite In"con*dite (?; 277), a. [L. inconditus; pref. in- not + conditus, p. p. of condere to put or join together. See Condition.] Badly put together; inartificial; rude; unpolished; irregular. "Carol incondite rhymes." J. Philips. Inconditional In`con*di"tion*al (?), a. [Pref. in- not + conditional: cf. F. inconditionnel.] Unconditional. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Inconditionate In`con*di"tion*ate (?), a. [Pref. in- not + conditionate: cf. F. inconditionn\'82.] Not conditioned; not limited; absolute. [Obs.] Boyle. Inconform In`con*form" (?), a. [Pref. in- not + conform.] Unconformable. [Obs.] Gauden. Inconformable In`con*form"a*ble (?), a. Unconformable. [Obs.] Inconformity In`con*form"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. inconformit\'82.] Want of conformity; nonconformity. [Obs.] Inconfused In`con*fused" (?), a. Not confused; distinct. [Obs.] Inconfusion In`con*fu"sion (?) n. Freedom from confusion; distinctness. [Obs.] Bacon. Inconfutable In`con*fut"a*ble (?), a. Not confutable. -- In`con*fut"a*bly, adv. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor. Incongealable In`con*geal"a*ble (?), a. [L. incongelabilis. See Congeal.] Not congealable; incapable of being congealed. -- In`con*geal"a*ble*ness, n. Incongenial In`con*gen"ial (?), a. Not congenial; uncongenial. [R.] -- In`con*ge`ni*al"i*ty (#). [R.] <-- no POS in original for -ity --> Incongruence In*con"gru*ence (?), n. [L. incongruentia.] Want of congruence; incongruity. Boyle. Incongruent In*con"gru*ent (?), a. [L. incongruens. See In- not, and Congruent.] Incongruous. Sir T. Elyot. Incongruity In`con*gru"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Incongruities (#). [Pref. in- not + congruity: cf. F. incongruit\'82.] 1. The quality or state of being incongruous; want of congruity; unsuitableness; inconsistency; impropriety. The fathers make use of this acknowledgment of the incongruity of images to the Deity, from thence to prove the incongruity of the worship of them. Bp. Stillingfleet. 2. Disagreement of parts; want of symmetry or of harmony. [Obs.] 3. That which is incongruous; want of congruity. Incongruous In*con"gru*ous (?), a. [L. incongruus. See In- not, and Congruous.] Not congruous; reciprocally disagreeing; not capable of harmonizing or readily assimilating; inharmonious; inappropriate; unsuitable; not fitting; inconsistent; improper; as, an incongruous remark; incongruous behavior, action, dress, etc. "Incongruous mixtures of opinions." I. Taylor. "Made up of incongruous parts." Macaulay. Incongruous denotes that kind of absence of harmony or suitableness of which the taste and experience of men takes cognizance. C. J. Smith. Incongruous numbers (Arith.), two numbers, which, with respect to a third, are such that their difference can not be divided by it without a remainder, the two numbers being said to be incongruous with respect to the third; as, twenty-five are incongruous with respect to four. Syn. -- Inconsistent; unsuitable; inharmonious; disagreeing; absurd; inappropriate; unfit; improper. See Inconsistent. -- In*con"gru*ous*ly, adv. -- In*con"gru*ous*ness, n. Inconnected In`con*nect"ed (?), a. Not connected; disconnected. [R.] Bp. Warburton. Inconnection In`con*nec"tion (?), n. Disconnection. Inconnexedly In`con*nex"ed*ly (?), adv. [Pref. in- not + connexed (p. p. of connex) + -ly.] Not connectedly; without connection. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Inconscionable In*con"scion*a*ble (?), a. Unconscionable. [Obs.] Spenser. Inconscious In*con"scious (?), a. Unconscious. [Obs.] Inconsecutiveness In`con*sec"u*tive*ness (?), n. The state or quality of not being consecutive. J. H. Newman. Inconsequence In*con"se*quence (?), n. [L. inconsequentia: cf. F. incons\'82quence.] The quality or state of being inconsequent; want of just or logical inference or argument; inconclusiveness. Bp. Stillingfleet. Strange, that you should not see the inconsequence of your own reasoning! Bp. Hurd. Inconsequent In*con"se*quent (?), a. [L. inconsequens: cf. F. incons\'82quent. See In- not, and Consequent.] Not following from the premises; not regularly inferred; invalid; not characterized by logical method; illogical; arbitrary; inconsistent; of no consequence. Loose and inconsequent conjectures. Sir T. Browne. Inconsequential In*con`se*quen"tial (?), a. Not regularly following from the premises; hence, irrelevant; unimportant; of no consequence. Chesterfield. -- In*con`se*quen"tial*ly (#), adv. Inconsequentiality In*con`se*quen`ti*al"i*ty (?), n. The state of being inconsequential. Inconsequentness In*con"se*quent*ness (?), n. Inconsequence. Inconsiderable In`con*sid"er*a*ble (?), a. Not considerable; unworthy of consideration or notice; unimportant; small; trivial; as, an inconsiderable distance; an inconsiderable quantity, degree, value, or sum. "The baser scum and inconsiderable dregs of Rome." Stepney. -- In`con*sid"er*a*ble*ness, n. -- In`con*sid"er*a*bly, adv. Inconsideracy In`con*sid"er*a*cy (?), n. Inconsiderateness; thoughtlessness. [Obs.] Chesterfield. Inconsiderate In`con*sid"er*ate (?), a. [L. inconsideratus. See In- not, and Considerate.] 1. Not considerate; not attentive to safety or to propriety; not regarding the rights or feelings of others; hasty; careless; thoughtless; heedless; as, the young are generally inconsiderate; inconsiderate conduct. It is a very unhappy token of our corruption, that therinconsiderate among us as to sacrifice morality to politics. Addison. 2. Inconsiderable. [Obs.] E. Terry. Syn. -- Thoughtless; inattentive; inadvertent; heedless; negligent; improvident; careless; imprudent; indiscreet; incautious; injudicious; rash; hasty. Inconsiderately In`con*sid"er*ate*ly, adv. In an inconsiderate manner. Inconsiderateness In`con*sid"er*ate*ness, n. The quality or state of being inconsiderate. Tillotson. Inconsideration In`con*sid`er*a"tion (?), n. [L. inconsideratio: cf. F. inconsid\'82ration.] Want of due consideration; inattention to consequences; inconsiderateness. Blindness of mind, inconsideration, precipitation. Jer. Taylor. Not gross, willful, deliberate, crimes; but rather the effects of inconsideration. Sharp. Inconsistence In`con*sist"ence (?), n. Inconsistency. Inconsistency In`con*sist"en*cy (?), n.; pl. Inconsistencies (#). [Cf. F. inconsistance.] 1. The quality or state of being inconsistent; discordance in respect to sentiment or action; such contrariety between two things that both can not exist or be true together; disagreement; incompatibility. There is a perfect inconsistency between that which is of debt and that which is of free gift. South. 2. Absurdity in argument ore narration; incoherence or irreconcilability in the parts of a statement, argument, or narration; that which is inconsistent. If a man would register all his opinions upon love, politics, religion, and learning, what a bundle of inconsistencies and contradictions would appear at last! Swift. 3. Want of stability or uniformity; unsteadiness; changeableness; variableness. Mutability of temper, and inconsistency with ourselves, is the greatest weakness of human nature. Addison. Inconsistent In`con*sist"ent (?), a. [Pref. in- not + consistent: cf. F. inconsistant.] 1. Not consistent; showing inconsistency; irreconcilable; discordant; at variance, esp. as regards character, sentiment, or action; incompatible; incongruous; contradictory. _________________________________________________________________ Page 747 Compositions of this nature . . . show that wisdom and virtue are far from being inconsistent with politeness and good humor. Addison. 2. Not exhibiting uniformity of sentiment, steadiness to principle, etc.; unequal; fickle; changeable. Ah, how unjust to nature, and himself, Is thoughtless, thankless, inconsistent man. Young. Syn. -- Incompatible; incongruous; irreconcilable; discordant; repugnant; contradictory. -- Inconsistent, Incongruous, Incompatible. Things are incongruous when they are not suited to each other, so that their union is unbecoming; inconsistent when they are opposed to each other, so as render it improper or wrong; incompatible when they can not coexist, and it is therefore impossible to unite them. Habitual levity of mind is incongruous with the profession of a clergyman; it is inconsistent with his ordination vows; it is incompatible with his permanent usefulness. Incongruity attaches to the modes and qualities of things; incompatibility attaches to their essential attributes; inconsistency attaches to the actions, sentiments, etc., of men. Inconsistently In`con*sist"ent*ly (?), adv. In an inconsistent manner. Inconsistentness In`con*sist"ent*ness, n. Inconsistency. [R.] Inconsisting In`con*sist"ing (?), a. Inconsistent. [Obs.] Inconsolable In`con*sol"a*ble (?), a. [L. inconsolabilis: cf. F. inconsolable. See In- not, and Console.] Not consolable; incapable of being consoled; grieved beyond susceptibility of comfort; disconsolate. Dryden. With inconsolable distress she griev'd, And from her cheek the rose of beauty fied. Falconer. -- In`con*sol"a*ble*ness, n. -- In`con*sol"a*bly, adv. Inconsonance, Inconsonancy In*con"so*nance (?), In*con"so*nan*cy (?), n. Want of consonance or harmony of sound, action, or thought; disagreement. Inconsonant In*con"so*nant (?), a. [L. inconsonans. See In- not, and Consonant.] Not consonant or agreeing; inconsistent; discordant. -- In*con"so*nant*ly, adv. Inconspicuous In`con*spic"u*ous (?), a. [L. inconspicuus. See In- not, and Conspicuous.] Not conspicuous or noticeable; hardly discernible. -- In`con*spic"u*ous*ly, adv. -- In`con*spic"u*ous*ness, n. Boyle. Inconstance In*con"stance (?), n. [F. See Inconstancy.] Inconstancy. Chaucer. Inconstancy In*con"stan*cy (?), n. [L. inconstantia.] The quality or state of being inconstant; want of constancy; mutability; fickleness; variableness. For unto knight there was no greater shame, Than lightness and inconstancie in love. Spenser. Inconstant In*con"stant (?), a. [L. inconstans: cf. F. inconstant. See In- not, and Constant.] Not constant; not stable or uniform; subject to change of character, appearance, opinion, inclination, or purpose, etc.; not firm; unsteady; fickle; changeable; variable; -- said of persons or things; as, inconstant in love or friendship. "The inconstant moon." Shak. While we, inquiring phantoms of a day, Inconstant as the shadows we survey! Boyse. Syn. -- Mutable; fickle; volatile; unsteady; unstable; changeable; variable; wavering; fluctuating. Inconstantly In*con"stant*ly, adv. In an inconstant manner. Incomsumable In`com*sum"a*ble (?), a. Not consumable; incapable of being consumed, wasted, or spent. Paley. -- In`con*sum"a*bly, adv. Inconsummate In`con*sum"mate (?), a. [L. inconsummatus. See In- not, and Consummate.] Not consummated; not finished; incomplete. Sir M. Hale. -- In`con*sum"mate*ness, n. Inconsumptible In`con*sump"ti*ble (?), a. [L. inconsumptibilis.] Inconsumable. [Obs.] Sir K. Digby. Incontaminate In`con*tam"i*nate (?), a. [L. incontamina. See In- not, and not, and Contaminate.] Not contaminated; pure. Moore. -- In`con*tam"i*nate*ness, n. Incontentation In*con`ten*ta"tion (?), n. [See In- not, and Content.] Discontent. [Obs.] Goodwin. Incontestability In`con*test`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being incontestable. Incontestable In`con*test"a*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + contestable: cf. F. incontestable.] Not contestable; not to be disputed; that cannot be called in question or controverted; incontrovertible; indisputable; as, incontestable evidence, truth, or facts. Locke. Syn. -- Incontrovertible; indisputable; irrefragable; undeniable; unquestionable; intuitable; certain. -- In`con*test"a*ble*ness, n. -- In`con*test"a*bly, adv. Incontested In`con*test"ed, a. Not contested. Addison. Incontiguous In`con*tig"u*ous (?), a. [L. incontiguus that can not be touched. See In- not, and Contiguous.] Not contiguous; not adjoining or in contact; separate. Boyle. -- In`con*tig"u*ous*ly, adv. Incontinence, Incontinency In*con"ti*nence (?), In*con"ti*nen*cy (?), n. [L. incontinentia: cf. F. incontinence.] 1. Incapacity to hold; hence, incapacity to hold back or restrain; the quality or state of being incontinent; want of continence; failure to restrain the passions or appetites; indulgence of lust; lewdness. That Satan tempt you not for your incontinency. 1 Cor. vii. 5. From the rash hand of bold incontinence. Milton. 2. (Med.) The inability of any of the animal organs to restrain the natural evacuations, so that the discharges are involuntary; as, incontinence of urine. Incontinent In*con"ti*nent (?), a. [L. incontinens: cf. F. incontinent. See In- not, and Continent.] 1. Not continent; uncontrolled; not restraining the passions or appetites, particularly the sexual appetite; indulging unlawful lust; unchaste; lewd. 2. (Med.) Unable to restrain natural evacuations. Incontinent In*con"ti*nent, n. One who is unchaste. B. Jonson. Incontinent In*con"ti*nent, adv. [Cf. F. incontinent.] Incontinently; instantly immediately. [Obs.] He says he will return incontinent. Shak. Incontinently In*con"ti*nent*ly, adv. 1. In an incontinent manner; without restraint, or without due restraint; -- used esp. of the passions or appetites. 2. Immediately; at once; forthwith. [Archaic] Immediately he sent word to Athens that he would incontinently come hither with a host of men. Golding. Incontracted In`con*tract"ed (?), a. Uncontracted. [Obs.] Blackwall. Incontrollable In`con*trol"la*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + controllable: cf. F. incontr\'93lable.] Not controllable; uncontrollable. -- In`con*trol"la*bly, adv. South. Incontrovertibility In*con`tro*ver`ti*bil"i*ty (?), n. The state or condition of being incontrovertible. Incontrovertible In*con`tro*ver"ti*ble (?), a. Not controvertible; too clear or certain to admit of dispute; indisputable. Sir T. Browne. -- In*con`tro*ver"ti*ble*ness, n. -- In*con`tro*ver"ti*bly, adv. Inconvenience In`con*ven"ience (?), n. [L. inconvenientia inconsistency: cf. OF. inconvenience.] 1. The quality or condition of being inconvenient; want of convenience; unfitness; unsuitableness; inexpediency; awkwardness; as, the inconvenience of the arrangement. They plead against the inconvenience, not the unlawfulness, . . . of ceremonies in burial. Hooker. 2. That which gives trouble, embarrassment, or uneasiness; disadvantage; anything that disturbs quiet, impedes prosperity, or increases the difficulty of action or success; as, one inconvenience of life is poverty. A place upon the top of Mount Athos above all clouds of rain, or other inconvenience. Sir W. Raleigh. Man is liable to a great many inconveniences. Tillotson. Syn. -- Incommodiousness; awkwardness; disadvantage; disquiet; uneasiness; disturbance; annoyance. Inconvenience In`con*ven"ience, v. t. To put to inconvenience; to incommode; as, to inconvenience a neighbor. Inconveniency In`con*ven"ien*cy (?), n. Inconvenience. Inconvenient In`con*ven"ient (?), a. [L. inconveniens unbefitting: cf. F. inconv\'82nient. See In- not, and Convenient.] 1. Not becoming or suitable; unfit; inexpedient. 2. Not convenient; giving trouble, uneasiness, or annoyance; hindering progress or success; uncomfortable; disadvantageous; incommodious; inopportune; as, an inconvenient house, garment, arrangement, or time. Syn. -- Unsuitable; uncomfortable; disaccommodating; awkward; unseasonable; inopportune; incommodious; disadvantageous; troublesome; cumbersome; embarrassing; objectionable. Inconveniently In`con*ven"ient*ly, adv. In an inconvenient manner; incommodiously; unsuitably; unseasonably. Inconversable In`con*vers"a*ble (?), a. Incommunicative; unsocial; reserved. [Obs.] Inconversant In*con"ver*sant (?), a. Not conversant; not acquainted; not versed; unfamiliar. Inconverted In`con*vert"ed (?), a. Not turned or changed about. [R.] Sir T. Browne. Inconvertibility In`con*vert`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L. inconvertibilitas.] The quality or state of being inconvertible; not capable of being exchanged for, or converted into, something else; as, the inconvertibility of an irredeemable currency, or of lead, into gold. Inconvertible In`con*vert"i*ble (?), a. [L. inconvertibilis: cf. F. inconvertible. See In- not, and Convertible.] Not convertible; not capable of being transmuted, changed into, or exchanged for, something else; as, one metal is inconvertible into another; bank notes are sometimes inconvertible into specie. Walsh. Inconvertibleness In`con*vert"i*ble*ness, n. Inconvertibility. Inconvertibly In`con*vert"i*bly, adv. In an inconvertible manner. Inconvincible In`con*vin"ci*ble (?), a. [L. inconvincibilis. See In- not, and Convince.] Not convincible; incapable of being convinced. None are so inconvincible as your half-witted people. Gov. of the Tongue. Inconvincibly In`con*vin"ci*bly, adv. In a manner not admitting of being convinced. Incony In*co"ny (?), a. [Cf. Conny, Canny.] Unlearned; artless; pretty; delicate. [Obs.] Most sweet jests! most incony vulgar wit! Shak. Inco\'94rdinate In`co*\'94r"di*nate (?), a. Not co\'94rdinate. Inco\'94rdination In`co*\'94r`di*na"tion (?), n. Want of co\'94rdination; lack of harmonious adjustment or action. Inco\'94rdination of muscular movement (Physiol.), irregularity in movements resulting from inharmonious action of the muscles in consequence of loss of voluntary control over them. Incoronate In*cor"o*nate (?), a. [Pref. in- in + coronate.] Crowned. [R.] Longfellow. Incorporal In*cor"po*ral (?), a. [L. incorporalis. See In- not, and Corporal, and cf. Incorporeal.] Immaterial; incorporeal; spiritual. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh. Incorporality In*cor`po*ral"i*ty (?), n. [L. incorporalitas: cf. F. incorporalit\'82.] Incorporeality. [Obs.] Bailey. Incorporally In*cor"po*ral*ly (?), adv. Incorporeally. [Obs.] Incorporate In*cor"po*rate (?), a. [L. incorporatus. See In- not, and Corporate.] 1. Not consisting of matter; not having a material body; incorporeal; spiritual. Moses forbore to speak of angles, and things invisible, and incorporate. Sir W. Raleigh. 2. Not incorporated; not existing as a corporation; as, an incorporate banking association. Incorporate In*cor"po*rate, a. [L. incorporatus, p. p. of incorporare to incorporate; pref. in- in + corporare to make into a body. See Corporate.] Corporate; incorporated; made one body, or united in one body; associated; mixed together; combined; embodied. As if our hands, our sides, voices, and minds Had been incorporate. Shak. A fifteenth part of silver incorporate with gold. Bacon. Incorporate In*cor"po*rate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incorporated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Incorporating (?).] 1. To form into a body; to combine, as different ingredients. into one consistent mass. By your leaves, you shall not stay alone, Till holy church incorporate two in one. Shak. 2. To unite with a material body; to give a material form to; to embody. The idolaters, who worshiped their images as golds, supposed some spirit to be incorporated therein. Bp. Stillingfleet. 3. To unite with, or introduce into, a mass already formed; as, to incorporate copper with silver; -- used with with and into. 4. To unite intimately; to blend; to assimilate; to combine into a structure or organization, whether material or mental; as, to incorporate provinces into the realm; to incorporate another's ideas into one's work. The Romans did not subdue a country to put the inhabitants to fire and sword, but to incorporate them into their own community. Addison. 5. To form into a legal body, or body politic; to constitute into a corporation recognized by law, with special functions, rights, duties and liabilities; as, to incorporate a bank, a railroad company, a city or town, etc. Incorporate In*cor"po*rate (?), v. i. To unite in one body so as to make a part of it; to be mixed or blended; -- usually followed by with. Painters' colors and ashes do better incorporate will oil. Bacon. He never suffers wrong so long to grow, And to incorporate with right so far As it might come to seem the same in show. Daniel. Incorporated In*cor"po*ra`ted (?), a. United in one body; formed into a corporation; made a legal entity. Incorporation In*cor`po*ra"tion (?), n. [L. incorporatio: cf. F. incorporation.] 1. The act of incorporating, or the state of being incorporated. 2. The union of different ingredients in one mass; mixture; combination; synthesis. 3. The union of something with a body already existing; association; intimate union; assimilation; as, the incorporation of conquered countries into the Roman republic. 4. (Law) (a) The act of creating a corporation. (b) A body incorporated; a corporation. Incorporative In*cor"po*ra*tive (?), a. Incorporating or tending to incorporate; as, the incorporative languages (as of the Basques, North American Indians, etc. ) which run a whole phrase into one word. History demonstrates that incorporative unions are solid and permanent; but that a federal union is weak. W. Belsham. Incorporator In*cor"po*ra`tor (?), n. One of a number of persons who gets a company incorporated; one of the original members of a corporation. Incorporeal In`cor*po"re*al (?), a. [Pref. in- not + corporeal: cf. L. incorporeus. Cf. Incorporal.] 1. Not corporeal; not having a material body or form; not consisting of matter; immaterial. Thus incorporeal spirits to smaller forms Reduced their shapes immense. Milton. Sense and perception must necessarily proceed from some incorporeal substance within us. Bentley. 2. (Law) Existing only in contemplation of law; not capable of actual visible seizin or possession; not being an object of sense; intangible; -- opposed to corporeal. Incorporeal hereditament. See under Hereditament. Syn. -- Immaterial; unsubstantial; bodiless; spiritual. Incorporealism In`cor*po"re*al*ism (?), n. Existence without a body or material form; immateriality. Cudworth. Incorporealist In`cor*po"re*al*ist, n. One who believes in incorporealism. Cudworth. Incorporeality In`cor*po`re*al"i*ty (?), n. The state or quality of being incorporeal or bodiless; immateriality; incorporealism. G. Eliot. Incorporeally In`cor*po"re*al*ly (?), adv. In an incorporeal manner. Bacon. Incorporeity In*cor`po*re"i*ty (?), n. [Pref. in- not + corporeity: cf. F. incorpor\'82ite.] The quality of being incorporeal; immateriality. Berkeley. Incorpse In*corpse" (?), v. t. To incorporate. [R.] Shak. Incorrect In`cor*rect" (?), a. [L. incorrectus: cf. F. incorrect. See In- not, and Correct.] 1. Not correct; not according to a copy or model, or to established rules; inaccurate; faulty. The piece, you think, is incorrect. Pope. 2. Not in accordance with the truth; inaccurate; not exact; as, an incorrect statement or calculation. 3. Not accordant with duty or morality; not duly regulated or subordinated; unbecoming; improper; as, incorrect conduct. It shows a will most incorrect to heaven. Shak. The wit of the last age was yet more incorrect than their language. Dryden. Syn. -- Inaccurate; erroneous; wrong; faulty. Incorrection In`cor*rec"tion (?), n. [Pref. in- not + correction: cf. F. incorrection.] Want of correction, restraint, or discipline. [Obs.] Arnway. Incorrectly In`cor*rect"ly (?), adv. Not correctly; inaccurately; not exactly; as, a writing incorrectly copied; testimony incorrectly stated. Incorrectness In`cor*rect"ness, n. The quality of being incorrect; want of conformity to truth or to a standard; inaccuracy; inexactness; as incorrectness may in defect or in redundance. Incorrespondence, Incorrespondency In*cor`re*spond"ence (?), In*cor`re*spond"en*cy (?), n. Want of correspondence; disagreement; disproportion. [R.] Incorresponding In*cor`re*spond"ing, a. Not corresponding; disagreeing. [R.] Coleridge. Incorrigibility In*cor`ri*gi*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. incorrigibilit\'82.] The state or quality of being incorrigible. The ingratitude, the incorrigibility, the strange perverseness . . . of mankind. Barrow. Incorrigible In*cor"ri*gi*ble (?), a. [L. incorrigibilis: cf. F. incorrigible. See In- not, and Corrigible.] Not corrigible; incapable of being corrected or amended; bad beyond correction; irreclaimable; as, incorrigible error. "Incorrigible fools." Dryden. Incorrigible In*cor"ri*gi*ble (?), n. One who is corrigible; especially, a hardened criminal; as, the perpetual imprisonment of incorrigibles. _________________________________________________________________ Page 748 Incorrigibleness In*cor"ri*gi*ble*ness (?), n. Incorrigibility. Dr. H. More. Incorrigibly In*cor"ri*gi*bly, adv. In an incorrigible manner. Incorrodible In`cor*rod"i*ble (?), a. Incapable of being corroded, consumed, or eaten away. Incorrupt In"cor*rupt" (?), a. [L. incorruptus. See In- not, and Corrupt.] 1. Not affected with corruption or decay; unimpaired; not marred or spoiled. 2. Not defiled or depraved; pure; sound; untainted; above the influence of bribes; upright; honest. Milton. Your Christian principles . . . which will preserve you incorrupt as individuals. Bp. Hurd. Incorrupted In"cor*rupt"ed (?), a. Uncorrupted. [Obs.] Breathed into their incorrupted breasts. Sir J. Davies. Incorruptibility In`cor*rupt`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L. incorruptibilitas: cf. F. incorruptibilit\'82.] The quality of being incorruptible; incapability of corruption. Holland. Incorruptible In"cor*rupt"i*ble (?), a. [L. incorruptibilis: cf. F. incorruptible. See In- not, and Corrupt.] 1. Not corruptible; incapable of corruption, decay, or dissolution; as, gold is incorruptible. Our bodies shall be changed into incorruptible and immortal substances. Wake. 2. Incapable of being bribed or morally corrupted; inflexibly just and upright. Incorruptible In"cor*rupt"i*ble, n. (Eccl. Hist.) One of a religious sect which arose in Alexandria, in the reign of the Emperor Justinian, and which believed that the body of Christ was incorruptible, and that he suffered hunger, thirst, pain, only in appearance. Incorruptible In"cor*rupt"i*ble, n. The quality or state of being incorruptible. Boyle. Incorruptibly In"cor*rupt"i*bly, adv. In an incorruptible manner. Incorruption In"cor*rup"tion (?), n. [L. incorruptio: cf. F. incorruption. See In- not, and Corruption.] The condition or quality of being incorrupt or incorruptible; absence of, or exemption from, corruption. It is sown in corruption; it is raised in incorruption. 1 Cor. xv. 42. The same preservation, or, rather, incorruption, we have observed in the flesh of turkeys, capons, etc. Sir T. Browne. Incorruptive In`cor*rupt"ive (?), a. [L. incorruptivus.] Incorruptible; not liable to decay. Akenside. Incorruptly In`cor*rupt"ly (?), adv. Without corruption. To demean themselves incorruptly. Milton. Incorruptness In`cor*rupt"ness, n. 1. Freedom or exemption from decay or corruption. 2. Probity; integrity; honesty. Woodward. Incrassate In*cras"sate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Incrassated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Incrassating.] [L. incrassatus, p. p. of incrassare; pref. in- in + crassus thick.] To make thick or thicker; to thicken; especially, in pharmacy, to thicken (a liquid) by the mixture of another substance, or by evaporating the thinner parts. Acids dissolve or attenuate; alkalies precipitate or incrassate. Sir I. Newton. Liquors which time hath incrassated into jellies. Sir T. Browne. Incrassate In*cras"sate, v. i. To become thick or thicker. Incrassate, Incrassated In*cras"sate (?), In*cras"sa*ted (?), a. [L. incrassatus, p. p.] 1. Made thick or thicker; thickened; inspissated. 2. (Bot.) Thickened; becoming thicker. Martyn. 3. (Zo\'94l.) Swelled out on some particular part, as the antenn\'91 of certain insects. Incrassation In`cras*sa"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. incrassation.] 1. The act or process of thickening or making thick; the process of becoming thick or thicker. 2. The state of being incrassated or made thick; inspissation. Sir T. Browne. Incrassative In*cras"sa*tive (?), a. Having the quality of thickening; tending to thicken. Harvey. Incrassative In*cras"sa*tive, n. A substance which has the power to thicken; formerly, a medicine supposed to thicken the humors. Harvey. Increasable In*creas"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being increased. Sherwood. -- In*creas"a*ble*ness, n. An indefinite increasableness of some of our ideas. Bp. Law. Increase In*crease" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Increased (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Increasing.] [OE. incresen, encresen, enrescen, OF. encreistre, fr. L. increscere; pref. in- in + crescere to grow. See Crescent, and cf. Decrease.] 1. To become greater or more in size, quantity, number, degree, value, intensity, power, authority, reputation, wealth; to grow; to augment; to advance; -- opposed to decrease. The waters increased and bare up the ark. Gen. vii. 17. He must increase, but I must decrease. John iii. 30. The heavens forbid But that our loves and comforts should increase, Even as our days do grow! Shak. 2. To multiply by the production of young; to be fertile, fruitful, or prolific. Fishes are more numerous of increasing than beasts or birds, as appears by their numerous spawn. Sir M. Hale. 3. (Astron.) To become more nearly full; to show more of the surface; to wax; as, the moon increases. Increasing function (Math.), a function whose value increases when that of the variable increases, and decreases when the latter is diminished. Syn. -- To enlarge; extend; multiply; expand; develop; heighten; amplify; raise; enhance; spread; aggravate; magnify; augment; advance. -- To Increase, Enlarge, Extend. Enlarge implies to make larger or broader in size. Extend marks the progress of enlargement so as to have wider boundaries. Increase denotes enlargement by growth and internal vitality, as in the case of plants. A kingdom is enlarged by the addition of new territories; the mind is enlarged by knowledge. A kingdom is extended when its boundaries are carried to a greater distance from the center. A man's riches, honors, knowledge, etc., are increased by accessions which are made from time to time. Increase In*crease" (?), v. t. To augment or make greater in bulk, quantity, extent, value, or amount, etc.; to add to; to extend; to lengthen; to enhance; to aggravate; as, to increase one's possessions, influence. I will increase the famine. Ezek. v. 16. Make denials Increase your services. Shak. Increase In"crease (?; 277), n. [OE. encres, encresse. See Increase, v. i.] 1. Addition or enlargement in size, extent, quantity, number, intensity, value, substance, etc.; augmentation; growth. As if increase of appetite had grown By what if fed on. Shak. For things of tender kind for pleasure made Shoot up with swift increase, and sudden are decay'd. Dryden. 2. That which is added to the original stock by augmentation or growth; produce; profit; interest. Take thou no usury of him, or increase. Lev. xxv. 36. Let them not live to taste this land's increase. Shak. 3. Progeny; issue; offspring. All the increase of thy house shall die in the flower of their age. 1 Sam. ii. 33. 4. Generation. [Obs.] "Organs of increase." Shak. 5. (Astron.) The period of increasing light, or luminous phase; the waxing; -- said of the moon. Seeds, hair, nails, hedges, and herbs will grow soonest if set or cut in the increase of the moon. Bacon. Increase twist, the twixt of a rifle groove in which the angle of twist increases from the breech to the muzzle. Syn. -- Enlargement; extension; growth; development; increment; addition; accession; production. Increaseful In*crease"ful (?), a. Full of increase; abundant in produce. "Increaseful crops." [R.] Shak. Increasement In*crease"ment (?), n. Increase. [R.] Bacon. Increaser In*creas"er (?), n. One who, or that, increases. Increasingly In*creas"ing*ly, adv. More and more. Increate In`cre*ate" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Increated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Increating.] [Pref. in- in + create.] To create within. [R.] Increate, Increated In"cre*ate (?), In"cre*a`ted (?), a. [L. increatus. See In- not, and Create.] Uncreated; self-existent. [R.] Bright effincreate. Milton. Incredibility In*cred`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L. incredibilitas: cf. F. incr\'82dibilit\'82.] 1. The quality or state of being incredible; incredibleness. Dryden. 2. That which is incredible. Johnson. Incredible In*cred"i*ble (?), a. [L. incredibilis: cf. OF. incredible. See In- not, and Credible.] Not credible; surpassing belief; too extraordinary and improbable to admit of belief; unlikely; marvelous; fabulous. Why should it be thought a thing incredible with you, that God should raise the dead? Acts xxvi. 8. Incredibleness In*cred"i*ble*ness, n. Incredibility. Incredibly In*cred"i*bly, adv. In an incredible manner. Incredited In*cred"it*ed (?), a. Uncredited. [Obs.] Incredulity In`cre*du"li*ty (?), n. [L. incredu: cf. F. incr\'82dulit\'82.] The state or quality of being i Of every species of incredulity, religious unbelief is the most irrational. Buckminster. Incredulous In*cred"u*lous (?; 135), a. [L. incredulus. See In- not, and Credulous.] 1. Not credulous; indisposed to admit or accept that which is related as true, skeptical; unbelieving. Bacon. A fantastical incredulous fool. Bp. Wilkins. 2. Indicating, or caused by, disbelief or incredulity. "An incredulous smile." Longfellow. 3. Incredible; not easy to be believed. [R.] Shak. Incredulously In*cred"u*lous*ly, adv. In an incredulous manner; with incredulity. Incredulousness In*cred"u*lous*ness, n. Incredulity. Incremable In*crem"a*ble (?), a. [Pref. in- not + L. cremabilis combustible, fr. cremare to burn.] Incapable of being burnt; incombustibe. Sir T. Browne. Incremate In"cre*mate (?), v. t. [Pref. in- in + cremate.] To consume or reduce to ashes by burning, as a dead body; to cremate. Incremation In`cre*ma"tion (?), n. Burning; esp., the act of burning a dead body; cremation. Increment In"cre*ment (?), n. [L. incrementum: cf. F. incr\'82ment. See Increase.] 1. The act or process of increasing; growth in bulk, guantity, number, value, or amount; augmentation; enlargement. The seminary that furnisheth matter for the formation and increment of animal and vegetable bodies. Woodward. A nation, to be great, ought to be compressed in its increment by nations more civilized than itself. Coleridge. 2. Matter added; increase; p