Unabridged Dictionary - Letter C
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C
C. (
1. C is the third letter of the English alphabet. It is from the Latin
letter C, which in old Latin represented the sounds of k, and g (in
go); its original value being the latter. In Anglo-Saxon words, or Old
English before the Norman Conquest, it always has the sound of k. The
Latin C was the same letter as the Greek , g, and came from the Greek
alphabet. The Greek got it from the Phoenicians. The English name of C
is from the Latin name ce, and was derived, probably, through the
French. Etymologically C is related to g, h, k, q, s (and other
sibilant sounds). Examples of these relations are in L. acutus, E.
acute, ague; E. acrid, eagar; L. cornu, E. horn; E. cat, kitten; E.
coy, quiet; L. circare, OF. cerchier, E. search.
NOTE: See Guide to Pronunciation, \'c5\'c5 221-228.
2. (Mus.) (a) The keynote of the normal or "natural" scale, which has
neither flats nor sharps in its signature; also, the third note of the
relative minor scale of the same (b) C after the clef is the mark of
common time, in which each measure is a semibreve (four fourths or
crotchets); for alla breve time it is written (c) The "C clef," a
modification of the letter C, placed on any line of the staff, abows
that line to be middle C.
3. As a numeral, C stands for Latin centum or 100, CC for 200, etc.
C spring, a spring in the form of the letter C.
Caaba
Ca*a"ba (?), n. [Ar. ka'ban, let, a square building, fr. ka'b cube]
The small and nearly cubical stone building, toward which all
Mohammedans must pray. [Written also kaaba.]
NOTE: &hand; Th e Caaba is situated in Mecca, a city of Arabia, and
contains a famous black stone said to have been brought from
heaven. Before the time of Mohammed, the Caaba was an idolatrous
temple, but it has since been the chief sanctuary and object of
pilgrimage of the Mohammedan world.
Caas
Caas (?), n. sing. & pl. Case. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Cab
Cab (?), n. [Abbrev. fr. cabriolet.]
1. A kind of close carriage with two or four wheels, usually a public
vehicle. "A cab came clattering up." Thackeray.
NOTE: &hand; A ca b ma y ha ve tw o seats at right to the driver's
seat, and a door behind; or one seat parallel to the driver's, with
the entrance from the side or front.
Hansom cab. See Hansom.
2. The covered part of a locomotive, in which the engineer has his
station. Knight.
Cab
Cab (?), n. [Heb. gab, fr. q\'bebab to hollow.] A Hebrew dry measure,
containing a little over two (2.37) pints. W. H. Ward. 2 Kings vi. 25.
Cabal
Ca*bal" (?), n. [F. cabale cabal, cabala LL. cabala cabala, fr. Heb.
qabb\'bel\'c7h reception, tradition, mysterious doctrine, fr. q\'bebal
to take or receive, in Pi\'89l qibbel to abopt (a doctrine).]
1. Tradition; occult doctrine. See Cabala [Obs.] Hakewill.
2. A secret. [Obs.] "The measuring of the temple, a cabal found out
but lately." B. Jonson.
3. A number of persons united in some close design, usually to promote
their private views and interests in church or state by intrigue; a
secret association composed of a few designing persons; a junto.
NOTE: It so ha ppend, by a whimsical coincidence, that in 1671 the
cabinet consisted of five persons, the initial letters of whose
names made up the word cabal; Clifford, Arlington, Buckingham,
Ashley, and Lauderdale.
Macaulay.
4. The secret artifices or machinations of a few persons united in a
close design; in intrigue.
By cursed cabals of women. Dryden.
Syn. - Junto; intrigue; plot; combination; conspiracy. -- Cabal,
Combination, Faction. An association for some purpose considered to be
bad is the idea common to these terms. A combination is an organized
union of individuals for mutual support, in urging their demands or
resisting the claims of others, and may be good or bad according to
circumstances; as, a combiniation of workmen or of employers to effect
or to prevent a chang in prices. A cabal is a secret association of a
few individuals who seek by cunning practices to obtain office and
power. A faction is a larger body than a cabal, employed for selfish
purposes in agitating the community and working up an excitement with
a view to change the existing order of things. "Selfishness,
insubordination, and laxity of morals give rise to combinations, which
belong particularly to the lower orders of society. Restless, jealous,
ambitious, and little minds are ever forming cabals. Factions belong
especially to free governments, and are raised by busy and turbulent
spirits for selfish porposes". Crabb.
Cabal
Ca*bal", v. i. [int. & p. p./pos> Caballed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Caballing]. [Cf. F. cabaler.] To unite in a small party to promote
private views and interests by intrigue; to intrigue; to plot.
Caballing still against it with the great. Dryden.
Cabala
Cab"a*la (?), n. [LL. See Cabal, n.]
1. A kind of occult theosophy or traditional interpretation of the
Scriptures among Jewish rabbis and certain medi\'91val Christians,
which treats of the nature of god and the mystery of human existence.
It assumed that every letter, word, number, and accent of Scripture
contains a hidden sense; and it teaches the methods of interpretation
for ascertaining these occult meanings. The cabalists pretend even to
foretell events by this means.
2. Secret science in general; mystic art; mystery.
Cabalism
Cab"a*lism (?), n. [Cf. F. cabalisme.]
1. The secret science of the cabalists.
2. A superstitious devotion to the mysteries of the religion which one
professes. [R] Emerson.
Cabalist
Cab"a*list (?), n. [Cf.F. cabaliste.] One versed in the cabala, or the
mysteries of Jewish traditions. "Studious cabalists." Swift.
Cabalistic, Cabalistical
Cab`a*lis"tic (?), Cab`a*lis"tic*al (?) a. Of or pertaining to the
cabala; containing or conveying an occult meaning; mystic.
The Heptarchus is a cabalistic of the first chapter of Genesis.
Hallam.
Cabaalistically
Caba`a*lis"tic*al*ly, adv. In a cabalistic manner.
Cabalize
Cab"a*lize (?), v. i. [Cf.F. cabaliser.] To use cabalistic language.
[R] Dr. H. More.
Caballer
Ca*bal"ler (?), n. One who cabals.
A close caballer and tongue-valiant lord. Dryden.
Caballine
Cab"al*line (?), a. [L.caballinus, fr. caballus a nag. Cf. Cavalier.]
Of or pertaining to a horse. -- n. Caballine aloes. Caballine aloes,
an inferior and impure kind of aloes formerly used in veterinary
practice; -- called also horse aloes. -- Caballine spring, the
fountain of Hippocrene, on Mount Helicon; -- fabled to have been
formed by a stroke from the foot of the winged horse Pegasus.
Cabaret
Cab"a*ret (?), n. [F.] A tavern; a house where liquors are retailed.
[Obs. as an English word.]
Cabas
Ca*bas" (?), n. [F.] A flat basket or frail for figs, etc.; Hence, a
lady's flat workbasket, reticule, or hand bag; -- often written caba.
C. Bront\'82.
Cabasson
Ca*bas"son (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A speciec of armadillo of the genus
Xenurus (X. unicinctus and X. hispidus); the tatouay. [Written also
Kabassou.]
Cabbage
Cab"bage (?), n. [OE. cabage, fr. F. cabus headed (of cabbages), chou
cobus headed cabbage, cabbage head; cf. It. capuccio a little head,
cappuccio cowl, hood, cabbage, fr. capo head, L. caput, or fr. It.
cappa cape. See Chiff, Cape.] (Bot.)
1. An esculent vegetable of many varieties, derived from the wild
Brassica oleracea of Europe. The common cabbage has a compact head of
leaves. The cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, etc., are sometimes classed
as cabbages.
2. The terminal bud of certain palm trees, used, like, cabbage, for
food. See Cabbage tree, below.
3. The cabbage palmetto. See below.
Cabbage aphis (Zo\'94l.), a green plant-louse (Aphis brassic\'91)
which lives upon the leaves of the cabbage. -- Cabbage Beetle
(Zo\'94l.), a small, striped flea-beetle (Phyllotreta vittata) which
lives, in the larval state, on the roots, and when adult, on the
leaves, of cabbage and other cruciferous plants. -- Cabbage butterfly
(Zo\'94l.), a white butterfly (Pieris rap\'91 of both Europe and
America, and the Allied P. oleracea, a native American species) which,
in the larval state, devours the leaves of the cabbage and the turnip.
See Cabbage worm, below. -- Cabbage Fly (Zo\'94l.), a small two-winged
fly (Anthomyia brassic\'91), which feeds, in the larval or maggot
state, on the roots of the cabbage, often doing much damage to the
crop. -- Cabbage head, the compact head formed by the leaves of a
cabbage; -- contemptuously or humorously, and colloquially, a very
stupid and silly person; a numskull. -- Cabbage palmetto, a species of
palm tree (Sabal Palmetto) found along the coast from North Carolina
to Florida. -- Cabbage rose (Bot.), a species of rose (Rosa
centifolia) having large and heavy blossoms. -- Cabbage tree, Cabbage
palm, a name given to palms having a terminal bud called a cabbage, as
the Sabal Palmetto of the United States, and the Euterpe oleracea and
Oreodoxa oleracea of the West Indies. -- Cabbage worm (Zo\'94l.), the
larva of several species of moths and butterfies, which attacks
cabbages. The most common is usully the larva of a white butterfly.
See Cabbage Butterfly, above. The cabbage cutworms, which eat off the
stalks or young plants during the night, are the larv\'91 of several
species of moths, of the genus Agrotis. See Cutworm. -- Sea
cabbage.(Bot.) (a) Sea kale (b). The original Plant (Brassica
oleracea), from which the cabbage, cauliflower, , broccoli, etc., have
been derived by cultivation. -- Thousand-headed cabbage. See Brussels
sprouts.
Cabbage
Cab"bage, v. i. To form a head like that the cabbage; as, to make
lettuce cabbage. Johnson.
Cabbage
Cab"bage, v. i. [imp. & p.p Cabbaged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Cabbaging
(.] [F.cabasser, fr. OF. cabas theft; cf. F. cabas basket, and OF.
cabuser to cheat.] To purloin or embezzle, as the pieces of cloth
remaining after cutting out a garment; to pilfer.
Your tailor . . . cabbages whole yards of cloth. Arbuthnot.
Cabbage
Cab"bage, n. Cloth or clippings cabbaged or purloined by one who cuts
out garments.
Cabbler
Cab"bler (?), n. One who works at cabbling.
Cabbling
Cab"bling (?), n. (Metal) The process of breaking up the flat masses
into which wrought iron is first hammered, in order that the pieces
may be reheated and wrought into bar iron.
Cabe\'87a, Cabesse
Ca*be"\'87a, Ca*besse" (?), n. [Pg. cabe\'87a, F. cabesse.] The finest
kind of silk received from India.
Caber
Ca"ber (?), n. [Gael] A pole or beam used in Scottish games for
tossing as a trial of strength.
Cabezon
Cab`e*zon" (?), n. [Sp., properly, big head. Cf. Cavesson.] (Zo\'94l.)
A California fish (Hemilepidotus spinosus), allied to the sculpin.
Cabiai
Cab"i*ai (?), n. [Native South American name.] (Zo\'94l.) The
capybara. See Capybara.
Cabin
Cab"in (?), n. [OF. caban, fr. W. caban booth, cabin, dim. of cab cot,
tent; or fr. F. cabane, cabine, LL. cabanna, perh. from the Celtic.]
1. A cottage or small house; a hut. Swift.
A hunting cabin in the west. E. Everett.
2. A small room; an inclosed place.
So long in secret cabin there he held Her captive. Spenser.
3. A room in ship for officers or passengers.
Cabin boy, a boy whose duty is wait on the officers and passengers in
the cabin of a ship.
Cabin
Cab"in v. i. [imp. & p. p. Cabined (-?nd); p. pr. & vb. n. Cabining.]
To live in, or as in, a cabin; to lodge.
I'll make you . . . cabin in a cave. Shak.
Cabin
Cab"in, v. t. To confine in, or as in, a cabin.
I am cabined, cribbed, confined, bound in To saucy doubts and
fears. Shak.
Cabinet
Cab"i*net (?), n. [F., dim. of cabine or cabane. See Cabin, n.]
1. A hut; a cottage; a small house. [Obs.]
Hearken a while from thy green cabinet, The rural song of careful
Colinet. Spenser.
2. A small room, or retired apartment; a closet.
3. A private room in which consultations are held.
Philip passed some hours every day in his father's cabinet.
Prescott.
4. The advisory council of the chief executive officer of a nation; a
cabinet council.
NOTE: &hand; In England, the cabinet or cabinet council consists of
those privy coucilors who actually transact the immediate business
of the government. Mozley & W. -- In the United States, the cabinet
is composed of the heads of the executive departments of the
government, namely, the Secretary of State, of the Treasury, of
War, of the Navy, of the Interior, and of Agiculture, the
Postmaster-general ,and the Attorney-general.
5. (a) A set of drawers or a cupboard intended to contain articles of
value. Hence: (b) A decorative piece of furniture, whether open like
an \'82tag\'8are or closed with doors. See Etagere.
6. Any building or room set apart for the safe keeping and exhibition
of works of art, etc.; also, the collection itself.
Cabinet council. (a) Same as Cabinet, n., 4 (of which body it was
formerly the full title). (b) A meeting of the cabinet. -- Cabinet
councilor, a member of a cabinet council. -- Cabinet photograph, a
photograph of a size smaller than an imperial, though larger than a
carte de visite. -- Cabinet picture, a small and generally highly
finished picture, suitable for a small room and for close inspection.
Cabinet
Cab"i*net, a. Suitable for a cabinet; small.
He [Varnhagen von Ense] is a walking cabinet edition of Goethe.
For. Quar. Rev.
Cabinet
Cab"i*net, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Cabineted; p. pr. & vb. n. Cabineting.]
To inclose [R.] Hewyt.
Cabinetmaker
Cab"i*net*mak`er (?), n. One whose occupation is to make cabinets or
other choice articles of household furniture, as tables, bedsteads,
bureaus, etc.
Cabinetmaking
Cab"i*net*mak`ing, n. The art or occupation of making the finer
articles of household furniture.
Cabinetwork
Cab"i*net*work` (?), n. The art or occupation of working upon wooden
furniture requiring nice workmanship; also, such furniture.
Cabirean
Cab`i*re"an (?),n.One of the Cabiri.
Cabbiri
Cab*bi"ri (?), n. pl. [ NL., fr. Gr. Ka`beiroi.] (Myth.) Certain
deities originally worshiped with mystical rites by the Pelasgians in
Lemnos and Samothrace and afterwards throughout Greece; -- also called
sons of Heph\'91stus (or Vulcan), as being masters of the art of
working metals. [Written also Cabeiri.] Liddell & Scott.
Cabirian
Ca*bir"i*an (?), a. Same as Cabiric.
Cabiric
Ca*bir"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. Cabirique] Of or pertaining to the Cabiri,
or to their mystical worship. [Written also Cabiritic.]
Cable
Ca"ble (?), n. [F. C\'83ble,m LL. capulum, caplum, a rope, fr. L.
capere to take; cf. D., Dan., & G. rabel, from the French. See
Capable.]
1. A large, strong rope or chain, of considerable length, used to
retain a vessel at anchor, and for other purposes. It is made of hemp,
of steel wire, or of iron links.
2. A rope of steel wire, or copper wire, usually covered with some
protecting, or insulating substance; as, the cable of a suspension
bridge; a telegraphic cable.
3. (Arch) A molding, shaft of a column, or any other member of convex,
rounded section, made to resemble the spiral twist of a rope; --
called also cable molding.
Bower cable, the cable belonging to the bower anchor. -- Cable road, a
railway on which the cars are moved by a continuously running endless
rope operated by a stationary motor. -- Cable's length, the length of
a ship's cable. Cables in the merchant service vary in length from 100
to 140 fathoms or more; but as a maritime measure, a cable's length is
either 120 fathoms (720 feet), or about 100 fathoms (600 feet, an
approximation to one tenth of a nautical mile). -- Cable tier. (a)
That part of a vessel where the cables are stowed. (b) A coil of a
cable. -- Sheet cable, the cable belonging to the sheet anchor. --
Stream cable, a hawser or rope, smaller than the bower cables, to moor
a ship in a place sheltered from wind and heavy seas. -- Submarine
cable. See Telegraph. -- To pay out the cable, To veer out the cable,
to slacken it, that it may run out of the ship; to let more cable run
out of the hawse hole. -- To serve the cable, to bind it round with
ropes, canvas, etc., to prevent its being, worn or galled in the
hawse, et. -- To slip the cable, to let go the end on board and let it
all run out and go overboard, as when there is not time to weigh
anchor. Hence, in sailor's use, to die.
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Cable
Ca"ble (?), v. t.
1. To fasten with a cable.
2. (Arch.) To ornament with cabling. See Cabling.
Cable
Ca"ble, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Cabled (-b'ld); p. pr. & vb. n.
Cabling (-bl\'ceng).] To telegraph by a submarine cable [Recent]
Cabled
Ca"bled (?), a.
1. Fastened with, or attached to, a cable or rope. "The cabled stone."
Dyer.
2. (Arch.) Adorned with cabling.
Cablegram
Ca"ble*gram` (?), n. [Cable, n. + Gr. A message sent by a submarine
telegraphic cable.
NOTE: [A recent hybrid, sometimes found in the newspapers.]
Cablelaid
Ca"ble*laid` (?), a.
1. (Naut.) Composed of three three-stranded ropes, or hawsers, twisted
together to form a cable.
2. Twisted after the manner of a cable; as, a cable-laid gold chain.
Simmonds.
Cablet
Ca"blet (?), n. [Dim. of cable; cf. F. c\'83blot.] A little cable less
than ten inches in circumference.
Cabling
Ca"bling (?), n. (Arch.) The decoration of a fluted shaft of a column
or of a pilaster with reeds, or rounded moldings, which seem to be
laid in the hollows of the fluting. These are limited in length to
about one third of the height of the shaft.
Cabman
Cab"man (?), n.; pl. Cabmen (. The driver of a cab.
Cabob
Ca*bob" (?), n. [Hindi kab\'beb]
1. A small piece of mutton or other meat roasted on a skewer; -- so
called in Turkey and Persia.
2. A leg of mutton roasted, stuffed with white herrings and sweet
herbs. Wright.
Cabob
Ca*bob", v. t. To roast, as a cabob. Sir. T. Herbert.
Caboched
Ca*boched" (?), a. [F. caboche head. Cf. lst Cabbage.] (Her.) Showing
the full face, but nothing of the neck; -- said of the head of a beast
in armorial bearing. [Written also caboshed.]
Caboodle
Ca*boo"dle (?), n. The whole collection; the entire quantity or
number; -- usually in the phrase the whole caboodle. [Slang, U.S.]
Bartlett.
Caboose
Ca*boose" (?), n. [Cf. D. kabuis, kombuis, Dan. kabys, Sw. kabysa, G.
kabuse a little room or hut. The First part of the word seems to be
allied to W. cab cabin, booth. Cf. Cabin.] [Written also camboose.]
1. (Naut.) A house on deck, where the cooking is done; -- commonly
called the galley.
2. (Railroad) A car used on freight or construction trains for
brakemen, workmen, etc.; a tool car. [U. S.]
Cabotage
Cab"o*tage (?), n. [F. cabotage, fr. caboter to sail along the coast;
cf. Sp. cabo cape.] (Naut.) Navigation along the coast; the details of
coast pilotage.
Cabr\'82e
Ca*br\'82e" (?), n. [French Canadian.] (Zo\'94l.) The pronghorn
antelope. [Also written cabrit, cabret.]
Cabrerite
Ca*brer"ite (?), n. (Min.) An apple-green mineral, a hydrous arseniate
of nickel, cobalt, and magnesia; -- so named from the Sierra Cabrera,
Spain.
Cabrilla
Ca*bril"la (?), n. [Sp., prawn.] (Zo\'94l) A name applied to various
species of edible fishes of the genus Serranus, and related genera,
inhabiting the Meditarranean, the coast of California, etc. In
California, some of them are also called rock bass and kelp salmon.
Cabriole
Cab"ri*ole (?), n. [F. See Cabriolet, and cf. Capriole.] (Man.) A
curvet; a leap. See Capriole.
The cabrioles which his charger exhibited. Sir W. Scott.
Cabriolet
Cab`ri*o*let" (?), n.[F., dim. of cabriole a leap, caper, from It.
capriola, fr. dim. of L. caper he-goat, capra she-goat. This carriage
is so called from its skipping lightness. Cf. Cab, Caper a leap.] A
one-horse carriage with two seats and a calash top.
Cabrit
Ca*brit" (?), n. Same as Cabr\'82e.
Caburn
Cab"urn (?), n. [Cf. Cable, n.] (Naut.) A small line made of spun
yarn, to bind or worm cables, seize tackles, etc.
Cac\'91mia, Cach\'91mia
Ca*c\'91"mi*a (?), Ca*ch\'91"mi*a n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A
degenerated or poisoned condition of the blood.
Cacaine
Ca*ca"ine (?), n. (Chem.) The essential principle of cacao; -- now
called theobromine.
Cacaj\'eeo
Ca*ca*j\'eeo" (?), n. [Pg.] (Zo\'94l) A South American short-tailed
monkey (Pithecia (OR Brachyurus) melanocephala). [Written also
cacajo.]
Cacao
Ca*ca"o (?), n. [Sp., fr. Mex. kakahuatl. Cf. Cocoa, Chocolate] (Bot.)
A small evergreen tree (Theobroma Cacao) of South America and the West
Indies. Its fruit contains an edible pulp, inclosing seeds about the
size of an almond, from which cocoa, chocolate, and broma are
prepared.
Cachalot
Cach"a*lot (?), n. [F. cachalot.] (Zo\'94l.) The sperm whale (Physeter
macrocephalus). It has in the top of its head a large cavity,
containing an oily fluid, which, after death, concretes into a whitish
crystalline substance called spermaceti. See Sperm whale.
Cache
Cache (?), n. [F., a hiding place, fr. cacher to conceal, to hide.] A
hole in the ground, or hiding place, for concealing and preserving
provisions which it is inconvenient to carry. Kane.
Cachectic, Cachectical
Ca*chec"tic (?), Ca*chec"tic*al (?), a. [L. cachecticus, Gr.
cachectique.] Having, or pertaining to, cachexia; as, cachectic
remedies; cachectical blood. Arbuthnot.
Cachepot
Cache`pot" (k&adot;sh`p&osl;"), n. [F., fr. cacher to hide + pot a
pot.] An ornamental casing for a flowerpot, of porcelain, metal,
paper, etc.
Cachet
Cach"et (?), n. [F. fr. cacher to hide.] A seal, as of a letter.
Lettre de cachet [F.], a sealed letter, especially a letter or missive
emanating from the sovereign; -- much used in France before the
Revolution as an arbitrary order of imprisonment.
Cachexia, Cachexy
Ca*chex"i*a (?), Ca*chex"y (?), n. [L. cachexia, Gr. A condition of
ill health and impairment of nutrition due to impoverishment of the
blood, esp. when caused by a specific morbid process (as cancer or
tubercle).
Cachinnation
Cach`in*na"tion (?), n. [L. cachinnatio, fr. cachinnare to laugh
aloud, cf Gr. Loud or immoderate laughter; -- often a symptom of
hysterical or maniacal affections.
Hideous grimaces . . . attended this unusual cachinnation. Sir W.
Scott.
Cachinnatory
Ca*chin"na*to*ry (?), a. Consisting of, or accompanied by, immoderate
laughter.
Cachinnatory buzzes of approval. Carlyle.
Cachiri
Ca*chi"ri (?), n. A fermented liquor made in Cayenne from the grated
root of the manioc, and resembling perry. Dunglison.
Cacholong
Cach"o*long (?), n, [F. cacholong, said to be from Cach, the name of a
river in Bucharia + cholon, a Calmuck word for stone; or fr. a Calmuck
word meaning "beautiful stone"] (Min.) An opaque or milk-white
chalcedony, a variety of quartz; also, a similar variety of opal.
Cachou
Ca`chou" (?), n. [F. See Cashoo.] A silvered aromatic pill, used to
correct the odor of the breath.
Cachucha
Ca*chu"cha (?), n. [Sp.] An Andalusian dance in three-four time,
resembing the bolero. [Sometimes in English spelled cachuca (.]
The orchestra plays the cachucha. Logfellow.
Cachunde
Ca*chun"de (?), n. [Sp.] (Med.) A pastil or troche, composed of
various aromatic and other ingredients, highly celebrated in India as
an antidote, and as a stomachic and antispasmodic.
Cacique
Ca*cique" (?), n. [Sp.] See Cazique.
Cack
Cack (?), v. i. [OE. cakken, fr. L. cacare; akin to Gr. cac.] To ease
the body by stool; to go to stool. Pope.
Cackerel
Cack"er*el (?), n. [OF. caquerel cagarel (Cotgr.), from the root of E.
cack.] (Zo\'94l.) The mendole; a small worthless Mediterranean fish
considered poisonous by the ancients. See Mendole.
Cackle
Cac"kle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Cackled (-k'ld); p. pr. & vb. n.
Cackling (?).] [OE. cakelen; cf. LG. kakeln, D. kakelen, G. gackeln,
gackern; all of imitative origin. Cf. Gagle, Cake to cackle.]
1. To make a sharp, broken noise or cry, as a hen or goose does.
When every goose is cackling. Shak.
2. To laugh with a broken noise, like the cackling of a hen or a
goose; to giggle. Arbuthnot.
3. To talk in a silly manner; to prattle. Johnson.
Cackle
Cac"kle (?), n.
1. The sharp broken noise made by a goose or by a hen that has laid an
egg.
By her cackle saved the state. Dryden.
2. Idle talk; silly prattle.
There is a buzz and cackle all around regarding the sermon.
Thackeray.
Cackler
Cac"kler (?), n.
1. A fowl that cackles.
2. One who prattles, or tells tales; a tattler.
Cackling
Cac"kling, n. The broken noise of a goose or a hen.
Cacochymia, Cacochymy
Cac`o*chym"i*a (?), Cac"o*chym`y (?), n. [NL. cacochymia, fr. Gr.
cacochymie.] (Med.) A vitiated state of the humors, or fluids, of the
body, especially of the blood. Dunglison.
Cacochymic, Cacochymical
Cac`o*chym"ic (?), Cac`o*chym"ic*al (?), a. Having the fluids of the
body vitiated, especially the blood. Wiseman.
Cacodemon
Cac`o*de"mon (?), n. [Gr. cacod\'82mon.]
1. An evil spirit; a devil or demon. Shak.
2. (Med.) The nightmare. Dunaglison.
Cacodoxical
Cac`o*dox"ic*al (?), a. Heretical.
Cacodoxy
Cac"o*dox`y (?), n. [Gr. Erroneous doctrine; heresy; heterodoxy. [R.]
Heterodoxy, or what Luther calls cacodoxy. R. Turnbull.
Cacodyl
Cac"o*dyl (?), n. [Gr. -yl.] (Chem.) Alkarsin; a colorless, poisonous,
arsenical liquid, As2(CH3)4, spontaneously inflammable and possessing
an intensely disagreeable odor. It is the type of a series of
compounds analogous to the nitrogen compounds called hydrazines.
[Written also cacodyle, and kakodyl.]
Cacodylic
Cac`o*dyl"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or derived from,
cacodyl. Cacodylic acid, a white, crystalline, deliquescent substance,
(CH3)2AsO.OH, obtained by the oxidation of cacodyl, and having the
properties of an exceedingly stable acid; -- also called alkargen. <--
# error in original formula corrected! -->
Caco\'89thes
Cac`o*\'89"thes (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.
1. A bad custom or habit; an insatiable desire; as, caco\'89thes
scribendi, "The itch for writing". Addison.
2. (Med.) A bad quality or disposition in a disease; an incurable
ulcer.
Cacogastric
Cac`o*gas"tric (?), a. [Gr. Troubled with bad digestion. [R.] Carlyle.
Cacographic
Cac`o*graph`ic (?), a. Pertaining to, or characterized by, cacography;
badly written or spelled.
Cacography
Ca*cog`ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. -graphy; cf. F. cacographie.] Incorrect or
bad writing or spelling. Walpole.
Cacolet
Ca`co*let" (?), n. [F.] A chair, litter, or other contrivance fitted
to the back or pack saddle of a mule for carrying travelers in
mountainous districts, or for the transportation of the sick and
wounded of an army.
Cacology
Ca*col"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy: cf. F. cacologie.] Bad speaking; bad
choice or use of words. Buchanan.
Cacomixle, Cacomixtle, Cacomixl
Ca`co*mix"le (?), Ca`co*mix"tle (?), Ca"co*mix`l (?), n. [Mexican
name.] A North American carnivore (Bassaris astuta), about the size of
a cat, related to the raccoons. It inhabits Mexico, Texas, and
California.
Cacoon
Ca*coon" (?), n. One of the seeds or large beans of a tropical vine
(Entada scandens) used for making purses, scent bottles, etc.
Cacophonic, Cacophonical, Cacophonous, Cacophonious
Cac`o*phon"ic (?), Cac`o*phon"ic*al (?), Ca*coph"o*nous (?),
Cac`o*pho"ni*ous (?), a. Harsh-sounding.
Cacophony
Ca*coph"o*ny (?), n.; pl. Cacophonies (#). [Gr. Cacophonie.]
1. (Rhet.) An uncouth or disagreable sound of words, owing to the
concurrence of harsh letters or syllables. "Cacophonies of all kinds."
Pope.
2. (Mus.) A combination of discordant sounds.
3. (Med.) An unhealthy state of the voice.
Cacotechny
Cac"o*tech`ny (?), n. [Gr. A corruption or corrupt state of art. [R.]
Cacoxene, Cacoxenite
Ca*cox"ene (?), Ca*cox"e*nite (?), n. [Gr. (Min.) A hydrous phosphate
of iron occurring in yellow radiated tufts. The phosphorus seriously
injures it as an iron ore.
Cactaceous
Cac*ta"ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Belonging to, or like, the family of
plants of which the prickly pear is a common example.
Cactus
Cac"tus (?), n. ; pl. E. Cactuses (#), Cacti (-t\'c6). [L., a kind of
cactus, Gr. (Bot.) Any plant of the order Cactac\'91, as the prickly
pear and the night-blooming cereus. See Cereus. They usually have
leafless stems and branches, often beset with clustered thorns, and
are mostly natives of the warmer parts of America. Cactus wren
(Zo\'94l.), an American wren of the genus Campylorhynchus, of several
species.
Cacuminal
Ca*cu"mi*nal (?), a. [L. cacumen, cacuminis, the top, point.]
(Philol.) Pertaining to the top of the palate; cerebral; -- applied to
certain consonants; as, cacuminal (or cerebral) letters.
Cacuminate
Ca*cu"mi*nate (?), v. i. [L. cacuminatus, p. p. of cacuminare to
point, fr. cacumen point.] To make sharp or pointed. [Obs.]
Cad
Cad (?), n. [Abbrev. fr. cadet.]
1. A person who stands at the door of an omnibus to open and shut it,
and to receive fares; an idle hanger-on about innyards. [Eng.]
Dickens.
2. A lowbred, presuming person; a mean, vulgar fellow. [Cant]
Thackeray.
Cadastral
Ca*das"tral (?), a. [F.] Of or pertaining to landed property.
Cadastral survey, OR Cadastral map, a survey, map, or plan on a large
scale (Usually of the linear measure of the ground, or twenty-five
inches to the mile or about an inch to the acre) so as to represent
the relative positions and dimensions of objects and estates exactly;
-- distinguished from a topographical map, which exaggerates the
dimensions of houses and the breadth of roads and streams, for the
sake of distinctness. Brande & C.
Cadastre, Cadaster
Ca*das"tre, Ca*das"ter (?), n. [f. cadastre.] (Law.) An official
statement of the quantity and value of real estate for the purpose of
apportioning the taxes payable on such property.
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Cadaver
Ca*da"ver (?), n. [L., fr cadere to fall.] A dead human body; a
corpse.
Cadaveric
Ca*dav"er*ic (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a corpse, or
the changes produced by death; cadaverous; as, cadaveric rigidity.
Dunglison. Cadaveric alkaloid, an alkaloid generated by the processes
of decomposition in dead animal bodies, and thought by some to be the
cause of the poisonous effects produced by the bodies. See Ptomaine.
Cadaverous
Ca*dav"er*ous (?), a. [L. cadaverosus.]
1. Having the appearance or color of a dead human body; pale; ghastly;
as, a cadaverous look.
2. Of or pertaining to, or having the qualities of, a dead body. "The
scent cadaverous." -- Ca*dav"er*ous*ly, adv. -- Ca*dav"er*ous*ness, n.
Cadbait
Cad"bait` (?), n. [Prov. E. codbait, cadbote fly.] (Zo\'94l.) See
Caddice.
Caddice, Caddis
Cad"dice, Cad"dis (?), n. [Prov. E. caddy, cadew; cf. G. k\'94der
bait.] (Zo\'94l.) The larva of a caddice fly. These larv\'91 generally
live in cylindrical cases, open at each end, and covered externally
with pieces of broken shells, gravel, bits of wood, etc. They are a
favorite bait with anglers. Called also caddice worm, or caddis worm.
Caddice fly (Zo\'94l.), a species of trichopterous insect, whose larva
is the caddice.
Caddis
Cad"dis, n. [OE. caddas, Scot. caddis lint, caddes a kind of woolen
cloth, cf. Gael. cada, cadadh, a kind of cloth, cotton, fustian, W.
cadas, F. cadis.] A kind of worsted lace or ribbon. "Caddises,
cambrics, lawns." Shak.
Caddish
Cad"dish (?), a. Like a cad; lowbred and presuming.
Caddow
Cad"dow (?), n. [OE. cadawe, prob. fr. ca chough + daw jackdaw; cf.
Gael. cadhag, cathag. Cf. Chough, Daw, n.] (Zo\'94l.) A jackdaw.
[Prov. Eng.]
Caddy
Cad"dy (?), n.; pl. Caddies (#). [Earlier spelt catty, fr. Malay
kat\'c6 a weight of 1\'a7 pounds. Cf. Catty.] A small box, can, or
chest to keep tea in.
Cade
Cade (?), a. [Cf. OE. cad, kod, lamb, also Cosset, Coddle.] Bred by
hand; domesticated; petted.
He brought his cade lamb with him. Sheldon.
Cade
Cade, v. t. To bring up or nourish by hand, or with tenderness; to
coddle; to tame. [Obs.] Johnson.
Cade
Cade, n. [L. cadus jar, Gr. A barrel or cask, as of fish. "A cade of
herrings." Shak.
A cade of herrings is 500, of sprats 1,000. Jacob, Law Dict.
Cade
Cade, n. [F. & Pr.; LL. cada.] A species of juniper (Juniperus
Oxycedrus) of Mediterranean countries. Oil of cade, a thick, black,
tarry liquid, obtained by destructive distillation of the inner wood
of the cade. It is used as a local application in skin diseases.
Cadence
Ca"dence (?), n. [OE. cadence, cadens, LL. cadentia a falling, fr. L.
cadere to fall; cf. F. cadence, It. cadenza. See Chance.]
1. The act or state of declining or sinking. [Obs.]
Now was the sun in western cadence low. Milton.
2. A fall of the voice in reading or speaking, especially at the end
of a sentence.
3. A rhythmical modulation of the voice or of any sound; as, music of
bells in cadence sweet.
Blustering winds, which all night long Had roused the sea, now with
hoarse cadence lull Seafaring men o'erwatched. Milton.
The accents . . . were in passion's tenderest cadence. Sir W.
Scott.
4. Rhythmical flow of language, in prose or verse.
Golden cadence of poesy. Shak.
If in any composition much attention was paid to the flow of the
rhythm, it was said (at least in the 14th and 15th centuries) to be
"prosed in faire cadence." Dr. Guest.
5. (Her.) See Cadency.
6. (Man.) Harmony and proportion in motions, as of a well-managed
horse.
7. (Mil.) A uniform time and place in marching.
8. (Mus.) (a) The close or fall of a strain; the point of rest,
commonly reached by the immediate succession of the tonic to the
dominant chord. (b) A cadenza, or closing embellishment; a pause
before the end of a strain, which the performer may fill with a flight
of fancy.
Imperfect cadence. (Mus.) See under Imperfect.
Cadence
Ca"dence, v. t. To regulate by musical measure.
These parting numbers, cadenced by my grief. Philips.
Cadency
Ca"den*cy (?), n. Descent of related families; distinction between the
members of a family according to their ages. Marks of cadency (Her.),
bearings indicating the position of the bearer as older or younger
son, or as a descendant of an older or younger son. See Difference
(Her.).
Cadene
Ca*dene" (?), n. [Cf. F. cad\'8ane.] A species of inferior carpet
imported from the Levant. McElrath.
Cadent
Ca"dent (?), a. [L. cadens, -entis, p. pr. of cadere to fall.]
Falling. [R.] "Cadent tears." Shak.
Cadenza
Ca*den"za (?), n. [It.] (Mus.) A parenthetic flourish or flight of
ornament in the course of a piece, commonly just before the final
cadence.
Cader
Ca"der (?), n. See Cadre.
Cadet
Ca*det" (?), n. [F. cadet a younger or the youngest son or brother,
dim. fr. L. caput head; i. e., a smaller head of the family, after the
first or eldest. See Chief, and cf. Cad.]
1. The younger of two brothers; a younger brother or son; the youngest
son.
The cadet of an ancient and noble family. Wood.
2. (Mil.) (a) A gentleman who carries arms in a regiment, as a
volunteer, with a view of acquiring military skill and obtaining a
commission. (b) A young man in training for military or naval service;
esp. a pupil in a military or naval school, as at West Point,
Annapolis, or Woolwich.
NOTE: &hand; Al l the undergraduates at Annapolis are Naval cadets.
The distinction between Cadet midshipmen and Cadet engineers was
abolished by Act of Congress in 1882.
Cadetship
Ca*det"ship (?), n. The position, rank, or commission of a cadet; as,
to get a cadetship.
Cadew, Cadeworm
Ca*dew" (?), Cade"worm` (?), n. A caddice. See Caddice.
Cadge
Cadge (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Cadged (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Cadging.] [Cf. Scot. cache, caich, cadge, to toss, drive, OE. cachen
to drive, catch, caggen to bind, or perh. E. cage. Cf. Cadger.]
1. To carry, as a burden. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Halliwell.
2. To hawk or peddle, as fish, poultry, etc. [Prov.]
3. To intrude or live on another meanly; to beg. [Prov. or Slang,
Eng.] Wright.
Cadge
Cadge, n. [Cf. 2d Cadger.] (Hawking) A circular frame on which cadgers
carry hawks for sale.
Cadger
Cadg"er (?), n. [From Cadge, v. t., cf. Codger.]
1. A packman or itinerant huckster.
2. One who gets his living by trickery or begging. [Prov. or Slang]
"The gentleman cadger." Dickens.
Cadger
Cadg"er, n. [OF. cagier one who catches hawks. Cf. Cage.] (Hawking)
One who carries hawks on a cadge.
Cadgy
Cadg"y (?), a. Cheerful or mirthful, as after good eating or drinking;
also, wanton. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]
Cadi
Ca"di (?), n. [Turk. See Alcalde.] An inferior magistrate or judge
among the Mohammedans, usually the judge of a town or village.
Cadie, Caddie
Cad"ie, Cad"die (?), n. A Scotch errand boy, porter, or messenger.
[Written also cady.]
Every Scotchman, from the peer to the cadie. Macaulay.
Cadilesker
Ca`di*les"ker (?), n. [Ar. q\'be\'c8\'c6 judge + al'sker the army,
Per. leshker.] A chief judge in the Turkish empire, so named
originally because his jurisdiction extended to the cases of soldiers,
who are now tried only by their own officers.
Cadillac
Ca*dil"lac (?), n. [Prob. from Cadillac, a French town.] A large pear,
shaped like a flattened top, used chiefly for cooking. Johnson. <-- 2.
metaphor for the best -->
Cadis
Cad"is (?), n. [F.] A kind of coarse serge.
Cadmean
Cad*me"an (?), a. [L. Cadmeus, Gr. Cadmus), which name perhaps means
lit. a man from the East; cf. Heb. qedem east.] Of or pertaining to
Cadmus, a fabulous prince of Thebes, who was said to have introduced
into Greece the sixteen simple letters of the alphabet -- Cadmean
letters. Cadmean victory, a victory that damages the victors as much
as the vanquished; probably referring to the battle in which the
soldiers who sprang from the dragon's teeth sown by Cadmus slew each
other\'3c-- Pyhrric victory? --\'3e.
Cadmia
Cad"mi*a (?), n. [L. cadmia calamine, Gr. Calamine.] (Min.) An oxide
of zinc which collects on the sides of furnaces where zinc is
sublimed. Formerly applied to the mineral calamine.
Cadmian
Cad"mi*an (?), a. [R.] See Cadmean.
Cadmic
Cad"mic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or containing,
cadmium; as, cadmic sulphide.
Cadmium
Cad"mi*um (?), n. [NL. See Cadmia.] (Chem.) A comparatively rare
element related to zinc, and occurring in some zinc ores. It is a
white metal, both ductile and malleable. Symbol Cd. Atomic weight
111.8. It was discovered by Stromeyer in 1817, who named it from its
association with zinc or zinc ore. Cadmium yellow, a compound of
cadmium and sulphur, of an intense yellow color, used as a pigment.
Cadrans
Cad"rans (?), n. [Cf. F. cadran. Cf. Quadrant.] An instrument with a
graduated disk by means of which the angles of gems are measured in
the process of cutting and polishing.
Cadre
Ca"dre (?), n. [F. cadre, It. quadro square, from L. quadrum, fr.
quatuor four.] (Mil.) The framework or skeleton upon which a regiment
is to be formed; the officers of a regiment forming the staff.
[Written also cader.]
Caducary
Ca*du"ca*ry (?), a. [See Caducous.] (Law) Relating to escheat,
forfeiture, or confiscation.
Caducean
Ca*du"ce*an (?), a. Of or belonging to Mercury's caduceus, or wand.
Caduceus
Ca*du"ce*us (?), n. [L. caduceum, caduceus; akin to Gr. (Myth.) The
official staff or wand of Hermes or Mercury, the messenger of the
gods. It was originally said to be a herald's staff of olive wood, but
was afterwards fabled to have two serpents coiled about it, and two
wings at the top.
Caducibranchiate
Ca*du`ci*bran"chi*ate (?), a. [L. caducus falling (fr. cadere to fall)
+ E. branchiate.] (Zo\'94l.) With temporary gills: -- applied to those
Amphibia in which the gills do not remain in adult life.
Caducity
Ca*du"ci*ty (?), n. [LL. caducitas: cf. F. caducit\'82. See Caducous.]
Tendency to fall; the feebleness of old age; senility. [R.]
[A] jumble of youth and caducity. Chesterfield.
Caducous
Ca*du"cous (?), [L. caducus falling, inclined to fall, fr. cadere to
fall. See Cadence.] (Bot. & Zo\'94l.) Dropping off or disappearing
early, as the calyx of a poppy, or the gills of a tadpole.
Caduke
Ca*duke" (?), a. [Cf. F. caduc. See Caducous.] Perishable; frail;
transitory. [Obs.] Hickes.
The caduke pleasures of his world. Bp. Fisher.
Cady
Cad"y (?), n. See Cadie.
C\'91ca
C\'91"ca (?), n. pl. See C\'91cum.
C\'91cal
C\'91"cal (?), a. (Anat.)
1. Of or pertaining to the c\'91cum, or blind gut.
2. Having the form of a c\'91cum, or bag with one opening; baglike;
as, the c\'91cal extremity of a duct.
C\'91cias
C\'91"ci*as (?), n. [L. caecias, Gr. A wind from the northeast.
Milton.
C\'91cilian
C\'91*cil"i*an (?; 106), n. [L. caecus blind. So named from the
supposed blindness of the species, the eyes being very minute.]
(Zo\'94l.) A limbless amphibian belonging to the order C\'91cili\'91
or Ophimorpha. See Ophiomorpha. [Written also c\'d2cilian.]
C\'91cum
C\'91"cum (?), n.; pl. C\'91cums, L. C\'91ca (#). [L. caecus blind,
invisible, concealed.] (Anat.) (a) A cavity open at one end, as the
blind end of a canal or duct. (b) The blind part of the large
intestine beyond the entrance of the small intestine; -- called also
the blind gut.
NOTE: &hand; Th e c\ '91cum is comparatively small in man, and ends
in a slender portion, the vermiform appendix; but in herbivorous
mammals it is often as large as the rest of the large intestine. In
fishes there are often numerous intestinal c\'91ca.
C\'91nozoic
C\'91`no*zo"ic (?), a. (Geol.) See Cenozoic.
Caen stone
Ca"en stone" (?), A cream-colored limestone for building, found near
Caen, France.
C\'91sar
C\'91"sar (?), n. [L.] A Roman emperor, as being the successor of
Augustus C\'91sar. Hence, a kaiser, or emperor of Germany, or any
emperor or powerful ruler. See Kaiser, Kesar.
Malborough anticipated the day when he would be servilely flattered
and courted by C\'91sar on one side and by Louis the Great on the
other. Macaulay.
C\'91sarean, C\'91sarian
C\'91*sa"re*an, C\'91*sa"ri*an (?), a. [L. Caesareus, Caesarianus.] Of
or pertaining to C\'91sar or the C\'91sars; imperial. C\'91sarean
section (Surg.), the operation of taking a child from the womb by
cutting through the walls of the abdomen and uterus; -- so called
because Julius C\'91sar is reported to have been brought into the
world by such an operation.
C\'91sarism
C\'91"sar*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. C\'82sarisme.] A system of government in
which unrestricted power is exercised by a single person, to whom, as
C\'91sar or emperor, it has been committed by the popular will;
imperialism; also, advocacy or support of such a system of government.
NOTE: &hand; This word came into prominence in the time of Napoleon
III., as an expression of the claims and political views of that
emperor, and of the politicians of his court.
C\'91sious
C\'91"si*ous (?), a. [L. caesius bluish gray.] (Nat. Hist.) Of the
color of lavender; pale blue with a slight mixture of gray. Lindley.
C\'91sium
C\'91"si*um (?), n. [NL., from L. caesius bluish gray.] (Chem.) A rare
alkaline metal found in mineral water; -- so called from the two
characteristic blue lines in its spectrum. It was the first element
discovered by spectrum analysis, and is the most strongly basic and
electro-positive substance known. Symbol Cs. Atomic weight 132.6.
C\'91spitose
C\'91s"pi*tose` (?), a. Same as Cespitose.
C\'91sura
C\'91*su"ra (?), n.; pl. E. C\'91suras (, L. C\'91sur\'91 ( [L.
caesura a cutting off, a division, stop, fr. caedere, caesum, to cut
off. See Concise.] A metrical break in a verse, occurring in the
middle of a foot and commonly near the middle of the verse; a sense
pause in the middle of a foot. Also, a long syllable on which the
c\'91sural accent rests, or which is used as a foot.
NOTE: &hand; In th e following line the c\'91sura is between study
and of.
The prop | er stud | y || of | mankind | is man.
C\'91sural
C\'91*su"ral (?), a. Of or pertaining to a c\'91sura.
C\'91sural pause, a pause made at a c\'91sura.
Caf\'82
Ca`f\'82" (?), n. [F. See Coffee.] A coffeehouse; a restaurant; also,
a room in a hotel or restaurant where coffee and liquors are served.
Cafenet, Cafeneh
Caf"e*net (?), Caf"e*neh (?), n. [Turk. qahveh kh\'beneh coffeehouse.]
A humble inn or house of rest for travelers, where coffee is sold.
[Turkey]
Caffeic
Caf*fe"ic (?), a. [See Coffee.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or obtained
from, coffee. Caffeic acid, an acid obtained from coffee tannin, as a
yellow crystalline substance, C9H8O4.
Caffeine
Caf*fe"ine (?), n. [Cf. F. caf\'82ine. See Coffee.] (Chem.) A white,
bitter, crystallizable substance, obtained from coffee. It is
identical with the alkaloid theine from tea leaves, and with guaranine
from guarana.
Caffetannic
Caf`fe*tan"nic (?), a. [Caffeic + tannic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or
derived from, the tannin of coffee. Caffetannic acid, a variety of
tannin obtained from coffee berries, regarded as a glucoside.
Caffila
Caf"fi*la (?), n. [Ar.] See Cafila.
Caffre
Caf"fre (?), n. See Kaffir.
Cafila, Cafileh
Ca"fi*la (?), Ca"fi*leh (?), n. [Ar.] A caravan of travelers; a
military supply train or government caravan; a string of pack horses.
Caftan
Caf"tan (?), n. [Turk. qaft\'ben: cf. F. cafetan.] A garment worn
throughout the Levant, consisting of a long gown with sleeves reaching
below the hands. It is generally fastened by a belt or sash.
Caftan
Caf"tan (?), v. t. To clothe with a caftan. [R.]
The turbaned and caftaned damsel. Sir W. Scott.
Cag
Cag (?), n. See Keg. [Obs.]
Cage
Cage (?), n. [F. cage, fr. L. cavea cavity, cage, fr. cavus hollow.
Cf. Cave, n., Cajole, Gabion.]
1. A box or inclosure, wholly or partly of openwork, in wood or metal,
used for confining birds or other animals.
In his cage, like parrot fine and gay. Cowper.
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2. A place of confinement for malefactors Shak.
Stone walls do not a prison make, Nor iron bars a cage. Lovelace.
3. (Carp.) An outer framework of timber, inclosing something within
it; as the cage of a staircase. Gwilt.
4. (Mach.) (a) A skeleton frame to limit the motion of a loose piece,
as a ball valve. (b) A wirework strainer, used in connection with
pumps and pipes.
5. The box, bucket, or inclosed platform of a lift or elevator; a
cagelike structure moving in a shaft.
6. (Mining) The drum on which the rope is wound in a hoisting whim.
7. (Baseball) The catcher's wire mask.
Cage
Cage (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Caged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Caging.] To
confine in, or as in, a cage; to shut up or confine. "Caged and
starved to death." Cowper.
Caged
Caged (?), a. Confined in, or as in, a cage; like a cage or prison.
"The caged cloister." Shak.
Cageling
Cage"ling (?), n. [Cage + -ling] A bird confined in a cage; esp. a
young bird. [Poetic] Tennyson.
Cagit
Ca"git (?), n. (Zo\'94l) A king of parrot, of a beautiful green color,
found in the Philippine Islands.
Cagmag
Cag"mag (?), n. A tough old goose; hence, coarse, bad food of any
kind. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
Cagot
Ca"got (?), n. [F.] One of a race inhabiting the valleys of the
Pyrenees, who until 1793 were political and social outcasts (Christian
Pariahs). They are supposed to be a remnant of the Visigoths.
Cahier
Ca`hier" (?), n. [F., fr. OF. cayer, fr. LL. quaternum. See Quire of
paper. The sheets of manuscript were folded into parts.]
1. A namber of sheets of paper put loosely together; esp. one of the
successive portions of a work printed in numbers.
2. A memorial of a body; a report of legislative proceedings, etc.
Cahincic
Ca*hin"cic (?), a. Pertaining to, or derived from, cahinca, the native
name of a species of Brazilian Chiococca, perhaps C. recemosa; as,
cahincic acid.
Cahoot
Ca*hoot" (?), n. [Perhaps fr. f. cohorte a a company or band.]
Partnership; as to go in cahoot with a person. [Slang, southwestern U.
S.] Bartlett.
Caimacam
Cai`ma*cam" (?), n. [Turk.] The governor of a sanjak or district in
Turkey.
Caiman
Cai"man (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Cayman.
Cainozoic
Cai`no*zo"ic (?), a. (Geol.) See Cenozic.
Ca\'8bque
Ca*\'8bque" (?), n. [F., fr. Turk. q\'be\'c6q boat.] (Naut..) A light
skiff or rowboat used on the Bosporus; also, a Levantine vessel of
larger size.
\'80aira
\'80a"i*ra" (?). [F. \'87a ira, \'87a ira, les aristocrates \'85 la
lanterne, it shall go on, it shall go on, [hang]the arictocrats to the
lantern (lamp-post).] The refrain of a famous song of the French
Revolution.
Caird
Caird (?), n. [Ir. ceard a tinker.] A traveling tinker; also a tramp
or sturdy beggar. [Prov. Eng.]
Cairn
Cairn (?), n. [Gael. carn, gen. cairn, a heap: cf. Ir. & W. carn.]
1. A rounded or conical heap of stones erected by early inhabitants of
the British Isles, apparently as a sepulchral monument.
Now here let us place the gray stone of her cairn. Campbell.
2. A pile of stones heaped up as a landmark, or to arrest attention,
as in surveying, or in leaving traces of an exploring party, etc. C.
Kingsley. Kane.
Cairngormstone
Cairn*gorm"stone` (?). [Gael. carn a cairn + gorm azure.] (Min.) A
yellow or smoky brown variety of rock crystal, or crystallized quartz,
found esp, in the mountain of Cairngorm, in Scotland.
Caisson
Cais"son (?), n. [F., fr. caisse, case, chest. See 1st Case.]
1. (Mil.) (a) A chest to hold ammunition. (b) A four-wheeled carriage
for conveying ammunition, consisting of two parts, a body and a
limber. In light field batteries there is one caisson to each piece,
having two ammunition boxes on the body, and one on the limber.
Farrow. (c) A chest filled with explosive materials, to be laid in the
way of an enemy and exploded on his appoach.
2. (a) A water-tight box, of timber or iron within which work is
carried on in building foundations or structures below the water
level. (b) A hollow floating box, usually of iron, which serves to
close the entrances of docks and basins. (c) A structure, usually with
an air chamber, placed beneath a vessel to lift or float it.
3. (Arch.) A sunk panel of ceilings or soffits.
Pneumatic caisson (Engin.), a caisson, closed at the top but open at
the bottom, and resting upon the ground under water. The pressure of
air forced into the caisson keeps the water out. Men and materials are
admitted to the interior through an air lock. See Lock.
Caitiff
Cai"tiff (?), a. [OE. caitif, cheitif, captive, miserable, OF. caitif,
chaitif, captive, mean, wretched, F. ch\'82tif, fr. L. captivus
captive, fr. capere to take, akin to E. heave. See Heave, and cf.
Captive.]
1. Captive; wretched; unfortunate. [Obs.] Chaucer.
2. Base; wicked and mean; cowardly; despicable.
Arnold had sped his caitiff flight. W. Irving.
Caitiff
Cai"tiff, n. A captive; a prisoner. [Obs.]
Avarice doth tyrannize over her caitiff and slave. Holland.
2. A wretched or unfortunate man. [Obs.] Chaucer.
3. A mean, despicable person; one whose character meanness and
wickedness meet.
NOTE: The de ep-felt conviction of men that slavery breaks down the
moral character . . . speaks out with . . . distinctness in the
change of meaning which caitiff has undergone signifying as it now
does, one of a base, abject disposition, while there was a time
when it had nothing of this in it.
Trench.
Cajeput
Caj"e*put (?), n. See Cajuput.
Cajole
Ca*jole" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Cajoled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Cajoling.] [F. cajoler, orig., to chatter like a bird in a cage, to
sing; hence, to amuse with idle talk, to flatter, from the source of
OF. goale, jaiole, F. ge\'93le, dim. of cage a cage. See Cage, Jail.]
To deceive with flattery or fair words; to wheedle.
I am not about to cajole or flatter you into a reception of my
views. F. W. Robertson.
Syn. -- To flatter; wheedle; delude; coax; entrap.
Cajolement
Ca*jole"ment (?), n. The act of cajoling; the state of being cajoled;
cajolery. Coleridge.
Cajoler
Ca*jol"er (?), n. A flatterer; a wheedler.
Cajolery
Ca*jol"er*y (?), n.; pl. Cajoleries (. A wheedling to delude; words
used in cajoling; flattery. "Infamous cajoleries." Evelyn.
Cajuput
Caj"u*put (?), n. [Of Malayan origin; k\'beyu tree + p\'d4tih white.]
(Med.) A highly stimulating volatile infammable oil, distilled from
the leaves of an East Indian tree (Melaleuca cajuputi, etc.) It is
greenish in color and has a camphoraceous odor and pungent taste.
Cajuputene
Caj"u*put*ene` (?), n. (Chem.) A colorlees or greenish oil extracted
from cajuput.
Cake
Cake (?), n. [OE. cake, kaak; akin to Dan. kage, Sw. & Icel. kaka, D.
koek, G.kuchem, OHG. chuocho.]
1. A small mass of dough baked; especially, a thin loaf from
unleavened dough; as, an oatmeal cake; johnnycake.
2. A sweetened composition of flour and other ingredients, leavened or
unleavened, baked in a loaf or mass of any size or shape.
3. A thin wafer-shaped mass of fried batter; a griddlecake or pancake;
as buckwheat cakes.
4. A mass of matter concreted, congealed, or molded into a solid mass
of any form, esp. into a form rather flat than high; as, a cake of
soap; an ague cake.
Cakes of rusting ice come rolling down the flood. Dryden.
Cake urchin (Zo\'94l), any species of flat sea urchins belonging to
the Clypeastroidea. -- Oil cake the refuse of flax seed, cotton seed,
or other vegetable substance from which oil has been expressed,
compacted into a solid mass, and used as food for cattle, for manure,
or for other purposes. -- To have one's cake dough, to fail or be
disappointed in what one has undertaken or expected. Shak.
Cake
Cake, v. i. To form into a cake, or mass.
Cake
Cake, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Caked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Caking.] To
concrete or consolidate into a hard mass, as dough in an oven; to
coagulate.
Clotted blood that caked within. Addison.
Cake
Cake, v. i. To cackle as a goose. [Prov. Eng.]
Caking coal
Cak"ing coal` (?). See Coal.
Cal
Cal (?), n. (Cornish Mines) Wolfram, an ore of tungsten. Simmonds.
Calabar
Cal"a*bar (?), n. A district on the west coast of Africa. Calabar
bean, The of a climbing legumious plant (Physostigma venenosum), a
native of tropical Africa. It is highly poisonous. It is used to
produce contraction of the pupil of the eye; also in tetanus,
neuralgia, and rheumatic diseases; -- called also ordeal bean, being
used by the negroes in trials for witchcraft.
Calabarine
Cal"a*bar*ine (?), n. (Chem.) An alkaloid resembing physostigmine and
occurring with it in the calabar bean.
Calabash
Cal"a*bash (?), n. [Sp. calabaza, or Pg. calaba, caba (cf. F.
Calebasse), lit., a dry gourd, fr. Ar. qar', fem., a kind of gourd +
aibas dry.]
1. The common gourd (plant or fruit).
2. The fruit of the calabash tree.
3. A water dipper, bottle, backet, or other utensil, made from the dry
shell of a calabash or gourd.
Calabash tree. (Bot.), a tree of tropical America (Crescentia cujete),
producing a large gourdike fruit, containing a purgative pulp. Its
hard shell, after the removal of the pulp, is used for cups, bottles,
etc. The African calabash tree is the baobab.
Calaboose
Cal`a*boose" (?), n. [A corruption of Sp. calabozo dungeon.] A prison;
a jail. [Local, U. S.]
Calade
Ca*lade" (?), n. [F.] A slope or declivity in a manege ground down
which a horse is made to gallop, to give suppleness to his haunches.
Caladium
Ca*la"di*um (?), n. [NL.] A genus of aroideous plants, of which some
species are cultivated for their immense leaves (which are often
curiously blotched with white and red), and others (in Polynesia) for
food.
Calaite
Cal"a*ite (?), n. [L. cala\'8bs, Gr. cala\'8bte.] A mineral. See
Turquoise.
Calamanco
Cal`a*man"co (?), n. [LL. calamancus, calamacus; cf. camelaucum; a
head covering made of camel's hair, NGr. calmande a woolen stuff.] A
glossy woolen stuff, plain, striped, or checked. "a gay calamanco
waistcoat." Tatler.
Calamander wood
Cal"a*man`der wood (?). A valuable furniture wood from India and
Ceylon, of a hazel-brown color, with black stripes, very hard in
texture. It is a species of ebony, and is obtained from the Diospyros
qusesita. Called also Coromandel wood.
Calamar, Calamary
Cal"a*mar (?), Cal"a*ma*ry, n. [LL. calamarium inkstand, fr. L.
calamus a reed pen: cf. F. calmar, calemar, pen case, calamar.]
(Zo\'94l.) A cephalopod, belonging to the genus Loligo and related
genera. There are many species. They have a sack of inklike fluid
which they discharge from the siphon tube, when pursued or alarmed, in
order to confuse their enemies. Their shell is a thin horny plate,
within the flesh of back, shaped very much like a quill pen. In
America they are called squids. See Squid.
Calambac
Cal"am*bac (?), n. [F. calambac, calambour, from Malay Kalambaq a king
of fragrant wood.] (Bot.) A fragrant wood; agalloch.
Calambour
Cal"am*bour (?), n. [See Calambac.] A species of agalloch, or aloes
wood, of a dusky or mottled color, of a light, friable texture, and
less fragrant than calambac; -- used by cabinetmakers.
Calamiferous
Cal`a*mif"er*ous (?), a. [L. calamus reed + ferous.] Producing reeds;
reedy.
Calamine
Cal"a*mine (?), n. [F. calamine, LL. calamina, fr. L. Cabmia. See
Cadmia.] (min.) A mineral, the hydrous silicate of zinc.
NOTE: &hand; Th e na me wa s formerly applied to both the carbonate
and silicate of zinc each of which is valuabic as an ore; but it is
now usually restricted to the latter, the former being called
smithsonite.
Calamint
Cal"a*mint (?), n. [OE. calamint, calemente (cf. F. calament) fr. L.
calamintha, Gr. Mint.] (Bot.) A genus of perennial plants (Calamintha)
of the Mint family, esp. the C. Nepela and C. Acinos, which are called
also basil thyme.
Calamist
Cal"a*mist (?), n. [L. calamus a reed.] One who plays upon a reed or
pipe. [Obs.] Blount.
Calamistrate
Cal`a*mis"trate (?), v. i. [L. calamistratus, curied with the curling
iron, fr. calamistrum curling iron, fr. calamus a reed.] To curl or
friz, as the hair. [Obs.] Cotgrave.
Calamistration
Cal`amis*tra"tion (?), n. The act or process of curling the hair.
[Obs.] burton.
Calamistrum
Cal`a*mis"trum (?), n. [L., a curling iron.] (Zo\'94l.) A comblike
structure on the metatarsus of the hind legs of certain spiders
(Ciniflonid\'91), used to curl certain fibers in the construction of
their webs.
Calamite
Cal"a*mite (?), n. [L. calamus a reed: cf. F. calamite.] (Paleon.) A
fossil plant of the coal formation, having the general form of plants
of the modern Equiseta (the Horsetail or Scouring Rush family) but
sometimes attaining the height of trees, and having the stem more or
less woody within. See Acrogen, and Asterophyllite.
Calamitous
Ca*lam"i*tous (?), a. [L. Calamitosus; cf. F. calamiteux.]
1. Suffering calamity; wretched; miserable. [Obs.]
Ten thousands of calamitous persons. South.
2. Producing, or attended with distress and misery; making wretched;
wretched; unhappy. "This sad and calamitous condition." South. "A
calamitous prison" Milton. Syn. -- Miserable; deplorable; distressful;
afflictive; grievous; baleful; disastrous; adverse; unhappy; severe;
sad; unfortunate. -- Ca*lam"i*tous*ly, adv. -- Ca*lam"i*tous*ness, n.
Calamity
Ca*lam"i*ty (?) n.; pl. Calamities (#). [L. calamitas, akin to
in-columis unharmed: cf. F. calamit\'82]
1. Any great misfortune or cause of misery; -- generally applied to
events or disasters which produce extensive evil, either to
communities or individuals.
NOTE: The wo rd ca lamity wa s fi rst derived from calamus when the
corn could not get out of the stalk.
Bacon.
Strokes of calamity that scathe and scorch the soul. W. Irving.
2. A state or time of distress or misfortune; misery.
The deliberations of calamity are rarely wise. Burke.
Where'er I came I brought calamity. Tennyson.
Syn. -- Disaster; distress; afflicition; adversity; misfortune;
unhappiness; infelicity; mishap; mischance; misery; evil; extremity;
exigency; downfall. -- Calamity, Disaster, Misfortune, Mishap,
Mischance. Of these words, calamity is the strongest. It supposes a
somewhat continuous state, produced not usually by the direct agency
of man, but by natural causes, such as fire, flood, tempest, disease,
etc, Disaster denotes literally ill-starred, and is some unforeseen
and distressing event which comes suddenly upon us, as if from hostile
planet. Misfortune is often due to no specific cause; it is simply the
bad fortune of an individual; a link in the chain of events; an evil
independent of his own conduct, and not to be charged as a fault.
Mischance and mishap are misfortunes of a trivial nature, occurring
usually to individuals. "A calamity is either public or private, but
more frequently the former; a disaster is rather particular than
private; it affects things rather than persons; journey, expedition,
and military movements are often attended with disasters; misfortunes
are usually personal; they immediately affect the interests of the
individual." Crabb.
Calamus
Cal"a*mus (?), n.; pl. Calami (#). [L., a reed. See Halm.]
1. (Bot.) The indian cane, a plant of the Palm family. It furnishes
the common rattan. See Rattan, and Dragon's blood.
2. (Bot.) A species of Acorus (A. calamus), commonly called calamus,
or sweet flag. The root has a pungent, aromatic taste, and is used in
medicine as a stomachic; the leaves have an aromatic odor, and were
formerly used instead of rushes to strew on floors.
3. (Zo\'94l.) The horny basal portion of a feather; the barrel or
quill.
Calando
Ca*lan"do (?), a. [It.] (Mus.) Gradually diminishing in rapidity and
loudness.
Calash
Ca*lash" (?), n. [F. cal\'8ache; of Slavonic origin; cf. Bohem.
kolesa, Russ. koliaska calash, koleso, kolo, wheel.]
1. A light carriage with low wheels, having a top or hood that can be
raised or lowered, seats for inside, a separate seat for the driver,
and often a movable front, so that it can be used as either an open or
a close carriage.
The baroness in a calash capable of holding herself, her two
children, and her servants. W. Irving.
2. In Canada, a two-wheeled, one-seated vehicle, with a calash top,
and the driver's seat elevated in front.
3. A hood or top of a carriage which can be thrown back at pleasure.
4. A hood, formerly worn by ladies, which could be drawn forward or
thrown back like the top of a carriage.
_________________________________________________________________
Page 203
Calaverite
Ca`la*ve"rite (, n. (Min.) A bronze-yellow massive mineral with
metallic luster; a telluride of gold; -- first found in Calaveras
County California.
Calcaneal
Cal*ca"ne*al (?), a. (Anal.) Pertaining to the calcaneum; as,
calcaneal arteries.
Calcaneum
Cal*ca"ne*um (?) n.; pl. E. -neums, L. -nea. [L. the heel, fr. calx,
calcis, the heel.] (Anal.) One of the bones of the tarsus which in
man, forms the great bone of the heel; -- called also fibulare.
Calcar
Cal"car (?), n. [L. calcaria lime kiln, fr. calx, calcis, lime. See
Calx.] (Glass manuf.) A kind of oven, or reverberatory furnace, used
for the calcination of sand and potash, and converting them into frit.
Ure.
Calcar
Cal"car, n.; L. pl. Calcaria (#). [L., a pur, as worn on the heel,
also the spur of a cock, fr. calx, calcis, the heel.]
1. (Bot.) A hollow tube or spur at the base of a petal or corolla.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A slender bony process from the ankle joint of bats,
which helps to support the posterior part of the web, in flight.
3. (Anat.) (a) A spur, or spurlike prominence. (b) A curved ridge in
the floor of the leteral ventricle of the brain; the calcar avis,
hippocampus minor, or ergot.
Calcarate, Calcarated
Cal"ca*rate (?), Cal"ca*ra`ted (?), a. [LL. calcaratus, fr. L. calcar.
See 2d Calcar.]
1. (Bot.) Having a spur, as the flower of the toadflax and larkspur;
spurred. Gray.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Armed with a spur.
Calcareo-argillaceous
Cal*ca"re*o-ar`gil*la"ceous (?), a. consisting of, or containing,
calcareous and argillaceous earths.
Calcareo-bituminous
Cal*ca"re*o-bi*tu"mi*nous (?), a. Consisting of, or containing, lime
and bitumen. Lyell.
Calcareo-siliceous
Cal*ca"re*o-si*li"ceous (?), a.Consisting of, or containing calcareous
and siliceous earths.
Calcareous
Cal*ca"re*ous (?), a. [L. calcarius pertaining to lime. See Calx.]
Partaking of the nature ofcalcite or calcium carbonate; consisting of,
or containg, calcium carbonate or carbonate of lime. Clcareous spar.
See as Calcite.
Calcareousness
Cal*ca"re*ous*ness, n. Quality of being calcareous.
Calcariferous
Cal`ca*rif"er*ous (?), a. [L. calcarius of lime + ferous.]
Lime-yielding; calciferous
Calcarine
Cal"ca*rine (?), a. (Anat.) Pertaining to, or situated near, the
calcar of the brain.
Calcavella
Cal`ca*vel"la (?), n. A sweet wine from Portugal; -- so called from
the district of Carcavelhos. [Written also Calcavellos or
Carcavelhos.]
Calceated
Cal"ce*a"ted (?), a. [L. calceatus, p. p. of pelceare to ahoe, fr.
catceus shoe, fr. calx, calcic, heel.] Fitted with, or wearing, shoes.
Johnson.
Calced
Calced (?), a. [See Calceated.] Wearing shoes; calceated; -- in
distintion from discalced or barefooted; as the calced Carmelites.
Calcedon
Cal"ce*don (?), n. [See Chalcedony.] A foul vein, like chalcedony, in
some precious stones.
Calcedonic, Calcedonian
Cal`ce*don"ic (?), Cal`ce*do"ni*an, a. See Chalcedonic.
Calceiform
Cal"ce*i*form` (?), a. [L. calceus shoe + -form.] (Bot.) Shaped like a
plipper, as one petal of the lady's-slipper; calceolate.
calceolaria
cal`ce*o*la"ri*a (?), n. [NL., fr. L. calceolarius shoemaker, fr.
calceolus, a dim. of calceus shoe.] (Bot.) A genus of showy herbaceous
or shrubby plant, biought from South America; slipperwort. It has a
yellow or purple flower, often spotted or striped, the shape of which
suggests its name.
Calceolate
Cal"ce*o*late (?), a. [See Calceolaria.] Slipper-ahaped. See
Calceiform.
Calces
Cal"ces (?), n. pl. See Calx.
Calcic
Cal"cic (?), a. [L. calx, calcis, lime: cf. F. calcique.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, calcium or lime.
Calciferouse
Cal*cif"er*ouse (?), a. [L. calx, calcis, lime + -ferous.] Bearing
producing, or containing calcite, or carbonate of lime. Calciferouse
epoch (Geol.), and epoch in the American lower Silurian system,
immediately succeeding the Cambrian period. The name alludes to the
peculiar mixture of calcareous and siliceous characteristics in many
of the beds. See the Diagram under Grology.
Calcific
Cal*cif"ic (?), a. Calciferous. Specifically: (Zo\'94l.) of or
pertaining to hte portion of the which forms the eggshell in birds and
reptiles. Huxley.
Calcification
Cal`ci*fi*ca"tion (?), n. (Physiol.) The process of chenge into a
stony or calcareous substance by the deposition of lime salt; --
normally, as in the formation of bone and teeth; abnormally, as in
calcareous degeneration of tissue.
Calcified
Cal"ci*fied (?), a. Consisting of, or containing, calcareous matter or
lime salts; calcareous.
Calciform
Cal"ci*form (?), a. [L. calx, calcis, lime + -form.] In the form of
chalk or lime.
Calcify
Cal"ci*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Calcified (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Calcifying.] [L. calx, calcis, lime + -fy.] To make stony or
calcareous by the deposit or secretion of salts of lime.
Calcify
Cal"ci*fy, v. i. To become changed into a stony or calcareous
condition, in lime is a principal ingredient, as in the formation of
teeth.
Calcigenous
Cal*cig"e*nous (?), a. [L. calx, calcis, lime + -genouse.] (Chem.)
Tending to form, or to become, a calx or earthlike substance on being
oxidized or burnt; as magnesium, calcium. etc.
Calcigerous
Cal*cig"er*ous (?), a. [L. calx, calcis, lime + -gerouse.] Holding
lime or other earthy salts; as, the calcigerous cells of the teeth.
Calcimine
Cal"ci*mine (?), n. [L. calx, calcis, lime.] A white or colored wash
for the ceiling or other plastering of a room, consisting of a mixture
of clear glue, Paris white or zinc white, and water. [Also spelt
kalsomine.]
Calcimine
Cal"ci*mine, v. t. [imp. &p. p. Calcimined (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Calcimining.] To wash or cover with calcimine; as, to calcimine walls.
Calciminer
Cal"ci*mi`ner (?), n. One who calcimines.
Calcinable
Cal*cin"a*ble (?), a. That may be calcined; as, a calcinable fossil.
Calcinate
Cal"ci*nate (?), v. i. To calcine. [R.]
Calcination
Cal`ci*na"tion (?), n. [F. calcination.]
1. (Chem.) The act or process of disintegrating a substance, or
rendering it friable by the action of heat, esp. by the expulsion of
some volatile matter, as when carbonic and acid is expelled from
carbonate of calcium in the burning of limestone in order to make
lime.
2. The act or process of reducing a metal to an oxide or metallic
calx; oxidation.
Calcinatory
Cal*cin"a*to*ry (?), n. A vessel used in calcination.
Calcine
Cal*cine" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Calciden (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Calcining.] [F. calciner, fr. L. calx, calcis, lime. See Calx.]
1. To reduce to a powder, or to a friable state, by the action of
heat; to expel volatile matter from by means of heat, as carbonic acid
from limestone, and thus (usually) to produce disintegration; as to,
calcine bones.
2. To oxidize, as a metal by the action of heat; to reduce to a
metallic calx.
Calcine
Cal*cine", v. i. To be convereted into a powder or friable substance,
or into a calx, by the action of heat. "Calcining without fusion"
Newton.
Calciner
Cal*cin"er (?), n. One who, or that which, calcines.
Calcispongi\'91
Cal`ci*spon"gi*\'91 (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. calx, calcis, lime +
spongia a sponge.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of marine sponges, containing
calcareous spicules. See Porifera.
Calcite
Cal"cite (?), n. [L. calx, calcis, lime.] (Min.) Calcium carbonate, or
carbonate of lime. It is rhombohedral in its crystallization, and thus
distinguished from aragonite. It includes common limestone, chalk, and
marble. Called also calc-spar and calcareous spar.
NOTE: &hand; Ar gentine is a pe arly lamellar variety; aphrite is
foliated or chalklike; dogtooth spar, a form in acute rhombohedral
or scalenohedral crystals; calc-sinter and calc-tufa are lose or
porous varieties formed in caverns or wet grounds from calcareous
deposits; agaric mineral is a soft, white friable variety of
similar origin; stalaclite and stalagmite are varieties formed from
the drillings in caverns. Iceland spar is a transparent variety,
exhibiting the strong double refraction of the species, and hence
is called doubly refracting spar.
Calcitrant
Cal"ci*trant (?), a. [L. calcitrans, p. pr. of calcitrare to kick, fr.
calx, calcis , heel.] Kicking. Hence: Stubborn; refractory.
Calcitrate
Cal"ci*trate (?), v. i. & i. [L. calcitratus, p. p. of calcitrare. See
Calcitrant.] To kick.
Calcitration
Cal`ci*tra"tion (?), n. Act of kicking.
Calcium
Cal"ci*um (?), n. [NL., from L. calx, calcis, lime; cf F. calcium. See
Calx.] (Chem.) An elementary substance; a metal which combined with
oxygen forms lime. It is of a pale yellow color, tenacious, and
malleable. It is a member of the alkaline earth group of elements.
Atomic weight 40. Symbol Ca.
NOTE: &hand; Ca lcium is widely and abundantly disseminated, as in
its compounds calcium carbonate or limestone, calcium sulphate or
gypsum, calcium fluoride or fluor spar, calcium phosphate or
apatite.
Calcium light, an intense light produced by the incandescence of a
stick or ball of lime in the flame of a combination of oxygen and
hydrogen gases, or of oxygen and coal gas; -- called also Drummond
light.
Calcivorous
Cal*civ"o*rous (?), a. [L. calx lime + vorare to devour.] Eroding, or
eating into, limestone.
Calcographer
Cal*cog"ra*pher (?), n. One who practices calcography.
Calcographic, Calcographical
Cal`co*graph"ic (?), Cal`co*graph"ic*al, a. Relating to, or in the
style of, calcography.
Calcography
Cal*cog"ra*phy (?), n. [L. calx, calcis, lime, chalk + -graphy.] The
art of drawing with chalk.
Calc-sinter
Calc"-sin`ter (?), n. [G. kalk (L. calx, calcis) lime + E. sinter.]
See under Calcite.
Calc-spar
Calc"-spar` (?), n. [G. kalk (L. calx) lime E. spar.] Same as Calcite.
Calc-tufa
Calc"-tu`fa (?), n. [G. kalk (l. calx) lime + E. tufa.] See under
Calcite.
Calculable
Cal"cu*la*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. calculable.] That may be calculated or
ascertained by calculation.
Calculary
Cal"cu*la*ry (?), a. [L. calculus a pebble, a calculus; cf calcularius
pertaining to calculation.] (Med.) Of or pertaining to calculi.
Calculary
Cal"cu*la*ry, n. A congeries of little stony knots found in the pulp
of the pear and other fruits.
Calculate
Cal"cu*late (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Calculater (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Calculating (?).] [L, calculatus, p. p. of calculate, fr. calculus a
pebble, a stone used in reckoning; hence, a reckoning, fr. calx,
calcis, a stone used in gaming, limestone. See Calx.]
1. To ascertain or determine by mathematical processes, usually by the
ordinary rules of arithmetic; to reckon up; to estimate; to compute.
A calencar exacity calculated than any othe. North.
2. To ascertain or predict by mathematical or astrological
computations the time, circumstances, or other conditions of; to
forecast or compute the character or consequences of; as, to calculate
or cast one's nativity.
A cunning man did calculate my birth. Shak.
3. To adjust for purpose; to adapt by forethought or calculation; to
fit or prepare by the adaptation of means to an end; as, to calculate
a system of laws for the government and protection of a free people.
[Religion] is . . . calculated for our benefit. Abp. Tillotson.
4. To plan; to expect; to think. [Local, U. S.] Syn. -- To compute;
reckon; count; estimate; rate. -- To Calculate, Compute. Reckon,
Count. These words indicate the means by which we arrive at a given
result in regard to quantity. We calculate with a view to obtain a
certain point of knowledge; as, to calculate an eclipse. We compute by
combining given numbers, in order to learn the grand result. We reckon
and count in carrying out the details of a computation. These words
are also used in a secondary and figurative sense. "Calculate is
rather a conjection from what is, as to what may be; computation is a
rational estimate of what has been, from what is; reckoning is a
conclusive conviction, a pleasing assurance that a thing will happen;
counting indicates an expectation. We calculate on a gain; we compute
any loss sustained, or the amount of any mischief done; we reckon on a
promised pleasure; we count the hours and minutes until the time of
enjoyment arrives" Crabb.
Calculate
Cal"cu*late (?), v. i. To make a calculation; to forecast
caonsequences; to estimate; to compute.
The strong passions, whether good or bad, never calculate. F. W.
Robertson.
Calculated
Cal"cu*la`ted (?), p. p. & a.
1. Worked out by calculation; as calculated tables for computing
interest; ascertained or conjectured as a result of calculation; as,
the calculated place of a planet; the calculated velocity of a cannon
ball.
2. Adapted by calculation, contrivance. or forethought to accomplish a
purpose; as, to use arts calculated to deceive the people.
3. Likely to produce a certain effect, whether intended or not;
fitted; adapted; suited.
The only danger that attends multiplicity of publication is, that
some of them may be calculated to injure rather than benefit
society. Goldsmith.
The minister, on the other hand, had never gone through an
experience calculated to lead him beyond the scope of generally
received laws. Hawthorne.
Calculating
Cal"cu*la`ting (?), a.
1. Of or pertaining to mathematical calculations; performing or able
to perform mathematical calculations.
2. Given to contrivance or forethought; forecasting; scheming; as, a
cool calculating disposition.
Calculating machine, a machine for the mechanical performance of
mathematical operations, for the most part invented by Charles Babbage
and G. and E. Scheutz. It computes logarithmic and other mathematical
tables of a high degree of intricacy, imprinting the results on a
leaden plate, from which a stereotype plate is then directly made.
Calculating
Cal"cu*la`ting, n. The act or process of making mathematical
computations or of estimating results.
Calculation
Cal`cu*la"tion (?), n. [OE. calculation, fr. L. calculatio; cf. OF.
calcucation.]
1. The act or process, or the result, of calculating; computation;
reckoning, estimate. "The calculation of eclipses." Nichol.
The mountain is not so his calculation makes it. Boyle.
2. An expectation based on cirumstances.
The lazy gossips of the port, Abborrent of a calculation crost,
Began to chafe as at a personal wrong. Tennyson.
Calculative
Cal"cu*la*tive (?), a. Of or pertaining to calculation; involving
calculation.
Long habits of calculative dealings. Burke.
Calculator
Cal"cu*la*tor (?), n. [L.: cf. F. calculateur.] One who computes or
reckons: one who estimates or considers the force and effect of
causes, with a view to form a correct estimate of the effects.
Ambition is no exact calculator. Burke.
Calculatory
Cal"cu*la*to*ry (?), a. [L. calculatorius.] Belonging to calculation.
Sherwood.
Calcule
Cal"cule (?), n. [F. calcul, fr. L. calculus. See Calculus.]
Reckoning; computation. [Obs.] Howell.
Calcule
Cal"cule, v. i. To calculate [Obs.] Chaucer.
Calculi
Cal"cu*li (?), n. pl. See Calculus.
Calculous
Cal"cu*lous (?), a. [L. calculosus.]
1. Of the nature of a calculus; like stone; gritty; as, a calculous
concretion. Sir T. Browne.
2. Caused, or characterized, by the presence of a calculus or calculi;
a, a calculous disorder; affected with gravel or stone; as, a
calculous person.
Calculus
Cal"cu*lus (?), n.; pl. Calculi (#) [L, calculus. See Calculate, and
Calcule.]
1. (Med.) Any solid concretion, formed in any part of the body, but
most frequent in the organs that act as reservoirs, and in the
passages connected with them; as, biliary calculi; urinary calculi,
etc.
2. (Math.) A method of computation; any process of reasoning by the
use of symbols; any branch of mathematics that may involve
calculation.
Barycentric calculus, a method of treating geometry by defining a
point as the center of gravity of certain other points to which
co\'89fficients or weights are ascribed. -- Calculus of functions,
that branch of mathematics which treats of the forms of functions that
shall satisfy given conditions. -- Calculus of operations, that branch
of mathematical logic that treats of all operations that satisfy given
conditions. -- Calculus of probabilities, the science that treats of
the computation of the probabilities of events, or the application of
numbers to chance. -- Calculus of variations, a branch of mathematics
in which the laws of dependence which bind the variable quantities
together are themselves subject to change. -- Differential calculus, a
method of investigating mathematical questions by using the ratio of
certain indefinitely small quantities called differentials. The
problems are primarily of this form: to find how the change in some
variable quantity alters at each instant the value of a quantity
dependent upon it. -- Exponential calculus, that part of algebra which
treats of exponents. -- Imaginary calculus, a method of investigating
the relations of real or imaginary quantities by the use of the
imaginary symbols and quantities of algebra. -- Integral calculus, a
method which in the reverse of the differential, the primary object of
which is to learn from the known ratio of the indefinitely small
changes of two or more magnitudes, the relation of the magnitudes
themselves, or, in other words, from having the differential of an
algebraic expression to find the expression itself.
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Page 204
Caldron
Cal"dron (?), n. [OE. caldron, caudron, caudroun, OF. caudron,
chauderon, F. chaudron, an aug. of F. chaudi\'8are, LL. caldaria, fr.
L. caldarius suitable for warming, fr. caldus, calidus, warm, fr.
calere to be warm; cf. Skr. \'87r\'be to boil. Cf. Chaldron, Calaric,
Caudle.] A large kettle or boiler of copper, brass, or iron. [Written
also cauldron.] "Caldrons of boiling oil." Prescott.
Cal\'8ache
Ca*l\'8ache" (?), n. [F. cal\'8ache.] See Calash.
Caledonia
Cal`e*do"ni*a (?), n. The ancient Latin name of Scotland; -- still
used in poetry.
Caledonian
Cal`e*do"ni*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Caledonia or Scotland;
Scottish; Scotch. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Caledonia or
Scotland.
Caledonite
Ca*led"o*nite (?), n. (Min.) A hydrous sulphate of copper and lead,
found in some parts of Caledonia or Scotland.
Calefacient
Cal`e*fa"cient (?), a. [L. calefaciens p. pr. of calefacere to make
warm; calere to be warm + facere to make.] Making warm; heating. [R.]
Calefacient
Cal`e*fa"cient, n. A substance that excites warmth in the parts to
which it is applied, as mustard.
Calefaction
Cal`e*fac"tion (?), n. [L. calefactio: cf. F. cal\'82faction.]
1. The act of warming or heating; the production of heat in a body by
the action of fire, or by communication of heat from other bodies.
2. The state of being heated.
Calefactive
Cal`e*fac"tive (?), a. See Calefactory. [R.]
Calefactor
Cal`e*fac"tor (?), n. A heater; one who, or that which, makes hot, as
a stove, etc.
Calefactory
Cal`e*fac"to*ry (?), a. [L. calefactorius.] Making hot; producing or
communicating heat.
Calefactory
Cal`e*fac"to*ry, n.
1. (Eccl.) An apartment in a monastery, warmed and used as a sitting
room.
2. A hollow sphere of metal, filled with hot water, or a chafing dish,
placed on the altar in cold weather for the priest to warm his hands
with.
Calefy
Cal"e*fy (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Calefied (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Calefying.] [L. calere to be warm + -fy] To make warm or hot.
Calefy
Cal"e*fy, v. i. To grow hot or warm. Sir T. Browne.
Calembour
Cal"em*bour` (?), n. [F.] A pun.
Calendar
Cal"en*dar (?), n. [OE. kalender, calender, fr. L. kalendarium an
interest or account book (cf. F. calendrier, OF. calendier) fr. L.
calendue, kalendae, calends. See Calends.]
1. An orderly arrangement of the division of time, adapted to the
purposes of civil life, as years, months, weeks, and days; also, a
register of the year with its divisions; an almanac.
2. (Eccl.) A tabular statement of the dates of feasts, offices,
saints' days, etc., esp. of those which are liable to change yearly
according to the varying date of Easter.
3. An orderly list or enumeration of persons, things, or events; a
schedule; as, a calendar of state papers; a calendar of bills
presented in a legislative assemblly; a calendar of causes arranged
for trial in court; a calendar of a college or an academy.
NOTE: Shepherds of pe ople had need know the calendars of tempests
of state.
Bacon. Calendar clock, one that shows the days of the week and month.
-- Calendar month. See under Month. -- French Republican calendar. See
under Vend\'82miaire. -- Gregorian calendar, Julian calendar,
Perpetual calendar. See under Gregorian, Julian, and Perpetual.
Calendar
Cal"en*dar, v. t. [Imp. & p. p. Calendared (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Calendaring.] To enter or write in a calendar; to register.
Waterhouse.
Calendarial
Cal`en*da"ri*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to the calendar or a
calendar.
Calendary
Cal"en*da*ry (?), a. Calendarial. [Obs.]
Calender
Cal"en*der (?), n. [F. calandre, LL. calendra, corrupted fr. L.
cylindrus a cylinder, Gr. Cylinider.]
1. A machine, used for the purpose of giving cloth, paper, etc., a
smooth, even, and glossy or glazed surface, by cold or hot pressure,
or for watering them and giving them a wavy appearance. It consists of
two or more cylinders revolving nearly in contact, with the necessary
apparatus for moving and regulating.
2. One who pursues the business of calendering.
My good friend the calender. Cawper.
Calender
Cal"en*der (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Calendered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Calendering.] [Cf. F. calandrer. See Calender, n.] To press between
rollers for the purpose of making smooth and glossy, or wavy, as
woolen and silk stuffs, linens, paper, etc. Ure.
Calender
Cal"en*der, n. [Per. qalender.] One of a sect or order of
fantastically dressed or painted dervishes.
Calendographer
Cal`en*dog"ra*pher (?), n. [Calendar + -graph + er.] One who makes
calendars. [R.]
Calendrer
Cal"en*drer (?), n. A person who calenders cloth; a calender.
Calendric, Calendrical
Ca*len"dric (?), Ca*len"dric*al (?), a., Of or pertaining to a
calendar.
Calends
Cal"ends (?), n. pl. [OE. kalendes month, calends, AS. calend month,
fr. L. calendae; akin to calare to call, proclaim, Gr. Claim.] The
first day of each month in the ancient Roman calendar. [Written also
kalends.] The Greek calends, a time that will never come, as the
Greeks had no calends.
Calendula
Ca*len"du*la (?), n. [NL., fr. L. calendae calends.] (Bot.) A genus of
composite herbaceous plants. One species, Calendula officinalis, is
the common marigold, and was supposed to blossom on the calends of
every month, whence the name.
Calendulin
Ca*len"du*lin (?), n. (Chem.) A gummy or mucilaginous tasteless
substance obtained from the marigold or calendula, and analogous to
bassorin.
Calenture
Cal"en*ture (?), n. [F. calenture, fr. Sp. calenture heat, fever, fr.
calentar to heat, fr. p. pr. of L. calere to be warm.] (Med.) A name
formerly given to various fevers occuring in tropics; esp. to a form
of furious delirium accompanied by fever, among sailors, which
sometimes led the affected person to imagine the sea to be a green
field, and to throw himself into it.
Calenture
Cal"en*ture, v. i. To see as in the delirium of one affected with
calenture. [Poetic]
Hath fed on pageants floating through the air Or calentures in
depths of limpid flood. Wordsworth.
Calescence
Ca*les"cence (?), n. [L. calescens, p.pr. of calescere, incho. of
calere to be warm.] Growing warmth; increasing heat.
Calf
Calf (?), n.; pl. Calves (#). [OE. calf, kelf, AS. cealf; akin to D.
kalf, G. kalb, Icel. k\'belfr, Sw. kalf, Dan. kalv, Goth. kalb\'d3;
cf. Skr. garbha fetus, young, Gr. grabh to seize, conceive, Ir. colpa,
colpach, a calf. \'fb222.]
1. The young of the cow, or of the Bovine family of quadrupeds. Also,
the young of some other mammals, as of the elephant, rhinoceros,
hippopotamus, and whale.
2. Leather made of the skin of the calf; especially, a fine,
light-colored leather used in bookbinding; as, to bind books in calf.
3. An awkward or silly boy or young man; any silly person; a dolt.
[Colloq.]
Some silly, doting, brainless calf. Drayton.
4. A small island near a larger; as, the Calf of Man.
5. A small mass of ice set free from the submerged part of a glacier
or berg, and rising to the surface. Kane.
6. [Cf. Icel. k\'belfi.] The fleshy hinder part of the leg below the
knee.
Calf's-foot jelly, jelly made from the feet of calves. The gelatinous
matter of the feet is extracted by boiling, and is flavored with
sugar, essences, etc.
Calfskin
Calf"skin` (?), n. The hide or skin of a calf; or leather made of the
skin.
Cali
Ca"li (?), n. (Hindoo Myth.) The tenth avatar or incarnation of the
god Vishnu. [Written also Kali.]
Caliber, Calibre
Cal"i*ber, Cal"ibre (?), n. [F. calibre, perh. fr. L. qualibra of what
pound, of what weight; hence, of what size, applied first to a ball or
bullet; cf. also Ar. q\'belib model, mold. Cf. Calipers, Calivere.]
1. (Gunnery) The diameter of the bore, as a cannon or other firearm,
or of any tube; or the weight or size of the projectile which a
firearm will carry; as, an 8 inch gun, a 12-pounder, a 44 caliber.
The caliber of empty tubes. Reid.
A battery composed of three guns of small caliber. Prescott.
NOTE: &hand; Th e caliber of firearms is expressed in various ways.
Cannon are often designated by the weight of a solid spherical shot
that will fit the bore; as, a 12-pounder; pieces of ordnance that
project shell or hollow shot are designated by the diameter of
their bore; as, a 12 inch mortar or a 14 inch shell gun; small arms
are designated by hundredths of an inch expressed decimally; as, a
rifle of .44 inch caliber.
2. The diameter of round or cylindrical body, as of a bullet or
column.
3. Fig.: Capacity or compass of mind. Burke.
Caliber compasses. See Calipers. -- Caliber rule, a gunner's calipers,
an instrument having two scales arranged to determine a ball's weight
from its diameter, and conversely. -- A ship's caliber, the weight of
her armament.
Calibrate
Cal"i*brate (?), v. i. To ascertain the caliber of, as of a
thermometer tube; also, more generally, to determine or rectify the
graduation of, as of the various standards or graduated instruments.
Calibration
Cal`ibra"*tion (?), n. The process of estimating the caliber a tube,
as of a thermometer tube, in order to graduate it to a scale of
degrees; also, more generally, the determination of the true value of
the spaces in any graduated instrument.
Calice
Cal"ice (?), n. [See Calice.] See Chalice.
Calicle
Cal"i*cle (?), n. [L. caliculus a small cup, dim. of calicis, a cup.
Cf Calycle.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) One of the small cuplike cavities, often
with elevated borders, covering the surface of most corals. Each is
formed by a polyp. (b) One of the cuplike structures inclosing the
zooids of certain hydroids. See Campanularian. [Written also calycle.
See Calycle.]
Calico
Cal"i*co (?), n.; pl. Calicoes (#). [So called because first imported
from Calicut, in the East Indies: cf. F. calicot.]
1. Plain white cloth made from cotton, but which receives distinctive
names according to quality and use, as, super calicoes, shirting
calicoes, unbleached calicoes, etc. [Eng.]
The importation of printed or stained colicoes appears to have been
coeval with the establishment of the East India Company. Beck
(Draper's Dict. ).
2. Cotton cloth printed with a figured pattern.
NOTE: &hand; In th e United States the term calico is applied only
to the printed fabric.
Calico bass (Zo\'94l.), an edible, fresh-water fish (Pomoxys
sparaides) of the rivers and lake of the Western United States (esp.
of the Misissippi valley.), allied to the sunfishes, and so called
from its variegated colors; -- called also calicoback, grass bass,
strawberry bass, barfish, and bitterhead. -- Calico printing, the art
or process of impressing the figured patterns on calico.
Calico
Cal"i*co (?), a. Made of, or having the apperance of, calico; -- often
applied to an animal, as a horse or cat, on whose body are large
patches of a color strikingly different from its main color. [Colloq.
U. S.]
Calicoback
Cal"i*co*back` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The calico bass. (b) An
hemipterous insect (Murgantia histrionica) which injures the cabbage
and other garden plants; -- called also calico bug and harlequin
cabbage bug.
Calicular, a. Caliculate
Ca*lic"u*lar (?), a. Ca*lic"u*late (?), a. Relating to, or resembling,
a cup; also improperly used for calycular, calyculate.
Calid
Cal"id (?), a. [L. calidus, fr. calere to be hot.] Hot; burning;
ardent. [Obs.] Bailey.
Calidity
Ca*lid"i*ty (?), n. Heat. [Obs.]
Caliduct
Cal"i*duct (?), n. [See Caloriduct.] A pipe or duct used to convey hot
air or steam.
Subterranean caliducts have been introduced. Evelyn.
Calif, n., Califate
Ca"lif (?), n., Cal"i*fate (?), n., etc. Same as Caliph, Caliphate,
etc.
Californian
Cal`i*for"ni*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to California. -- n. A native
or inhabitant of California.
Caligation
Cal`i*ga"tion (?), n. [L. caligatio, fr. caligare to emit vapor, to be
dark, from caligo mist, darkness.] Dimness; cloudiness. [R.] Sir T.
Browne.
Caliginosity
Ca*lig`i*nos"ity (?), n. [L. caliginosus dark. See Caligation.]
Darkness. [R.] G. Eliot.
Caliginous
Ca*lig"i*nous (?), a. [L. caliginosus; cf. F. caligineux.] Affected
with darkness or dimness; dark; obscure. [R.] Blount.
The caliginous regions of the air. Hallywell.
-- Ca*lig"i*nous*ly, adv. -- Ca*lig"i*nous*ness, n.
Caligo
Ca*li"go (?), n. [L., darkness.] (Med.) Dimness or obscurity of sight,
dependent upon a speck on the cornea; also, the speck itself.
Caligraphic
Cal`i*graph"ic (?), a. See Calligraphic.
Caligraphy
Ca*lig"ra*phy (?), n. See Caligraphy.
Calin
Ca"lin (?), n. [F., fr. Malay kelany tin, or fr. Kala'a, a town in
India, fr. which it came.] An alloy of lead and tin, of which the
Chinese make tea canisters.
Calipash
Cal`i*pash" (?), n. [F. carapace, Sp. carapacho. Cf Calarash,
Carapace.] A part of a turtle which is next to the upper shell. It
contains a fatty and gelatinous substance of a dull greenish tinge,
much esteemed as a delicacy in preparations of turtle.
Calipee
Cal"i*pee (?), n. [See Calipash] A part of a turtle which is attached
to the lower shell. It contains a fatty and gelatinous substance of a
light yellowish color, much esteemed as a delicacy. Thackeray.
Calipers
Cal"i*pers (?), n. pl. [Corrupted from caliber.] An instrument,
usually resembling a pair of dividers or compasses with curved legs,
for measuring the diameter or thickness of bodies, as of work shaped
in a lathe or planer, timber, masts, shot, etc.; or the bore of
firearms, tubes, etc.; -- called also caliper compasses, or caliber
compasses. Caliper square, a draughtsman's or mechanic's square,
having a graduated bar and adjustable jaw or jaws. Knight. -- Vernier
calipers. See Vernier.
Caliph
Ca"liph (?), n. [OE. caliphe, califfe, F. calife (cf. Sp. califa), fr.
Ar. khal\'c6fan successor, fr. khalafa to succed.] Successor or vicar;
-- a title of the successors of Mohammed both as temporal and
spiritual rulers, now used by the sultans of Turkey, [Writting also
calif.]
Caliphate
Cal"i*phate (?), n. [Cf. F. califat.] The office, dignity, or
government of a caliph or of the caliphs.
Calippic
Ca*lip"pic (?), a. Of or pertaining to Calippus, an Athenian
astronomer. Calippic period, a period of seventy-six years, proposed
by Calippus, as an improvement on the Metonic cycle, since the 6940
days of the Metonic cycle exceeded 19 years by about a quarter of a
day, and exceeded 235 lunations by something more.
Calisaya bark
Cal`i*sa"ya bark (?). A valuable kind of Peruvian bark obtained from
the Cinchona Calisaya, and other closely related species.
Calistheneum
Cal`is*the"ne*um, n. [NL.] A gymnasium; esp. one for light physical
exercise by women and children.
Calisthenis
Cal`is*then"is (?), a. [Gr. Of or pertaining to calisthenics.
Calisthenics
Cal`is*then"ics (?), n. The science, art, or practice of healthful
exercise of the body and limbs, to promote strength and gracefulness;
light gymnastics.
Caliver
Cal"i*ver (?), n. [Corrupted fr. caliber.] An early form of hand gun,
variety of the arquebus; originally a gun having a regular size of
bore. [Obs.] Shak.
Calix
Ca"lix (?), n. [L.] A cup. See Calyx.
Calk
Calk (?), v. t. [imp. &p. p. Calked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Calking.]
[Either corrupted fr. F. calfater (cf. Pg. calafetar, Sp. calafetear),
fr. Ar. qalafa to fill up crevices with the fibers of palm tree or
moss; or fr. OE. cauken to tred, through the French fr. L. calcare,
fr. calx heel. Cf. Calk to copy, Inculcate.]
1. To drive tarred oakum into the seams between the planks of (a ship,
boat, etc.), to prevent leaking. The calking is completed by smearing
the seams with melted pitch.
2. To make an indentation in the edge of a metal plate, as along a
seam in a steam boiler or an iron ship, to force the edge of the upper
plate hard against the lower and so fill the crevice.
Calk
Calk (?), v. t. [E.calquer to trace, It. caicare to trace, to trample,
fr. L. calcare to trample, fr. calx heel. Cf. Calcarate.] To copy, as
a drawing, by rubbing the back of it with red or black chalk, and then
passing a blunt style or needle over the lines, so as to leave a
tracing on the paper or other thing against which it is laid or held.
[Writting also calque]
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Calk
Calk (?), n. [Cf. AS calc shoe, hoof, L. calx, calcis, hel, c\'84lcar,
spur.]
1. A sharp-pointed piece or iron or steel projecting downward on the
shoe of a nore or an ox, to prevent the animal from slipping; --
called also calker, calkin.
2. An instrument with sharp points, worn on the sole of a shoe or
boot, to prevent slipping.
Calk
Calk (?), v. i.
1. To furnish with calks, to prevent slipping on ice; as, to calk the
shoes of a horse or an ox.
2. To wound with a calk; as when a horse injures a leg or a foot with
a calk on one of the other feet.
Calker
Calk"er (?), n.
1. One who calks.
2. A calk on a shoe. See Calk, n., 1.
Calkin
Calk"in (?), n. A calk on a shoe. See Calk, n., 1.
Calking
Calk"ing (?), n. The act or process of making seems tight, as in
ships, or of furnishing with calks, as a shoe, or copying, as a
drawing. Calking iron, a tool like a chisel, used in calking ships,
tightening seams in ironwork, etc.
Their left hand does the calking iron guide. Dryden.
Call
Call (?), v. i. [imp.& p. p. Called (?); p. r. & vb. n. Calling] [OE.
callen, AS. ceallin; akin to Icel & Sw. kalla, Dan. kalde, D. kallen
to talk, prate, Gr. gar to praise. Cf. Garrulous.]
1. To command or request to come or be present; to summon; as, to call
a servant.
Call hither Clifford; bid him come amain Shak.
2. To summon to the discharge of a particular duty; to designate for
an office, or employment, especially of a religious character; --
often used of a divine summons; as, to be called to the ministry;
sometimes, to invite; as, to call a minister to be the pastor of a
church.
Paul . . . called to be an apostle Rom. i. 1.
The Holy Ghost said, Separate me Barnabas and Saul for the work
whereunto I have called them. Acts xiii. 2.
3. To invite or command to meet; to convoke; -- often with together;
as, the President called Congress together; to appoint and summon; as,
to call a meeting of the Board of Aldermen.
Now call we our high court of Parliament. Shak.
4. To give name to; to name; to address, or speak of, by a specifed
name.
If you would but call me Rosalind. Shak.
And God called the light Day, and the darkness he called Night.
Gen. i. 5.
5. To regard or characterize as of a certain kind; to denominate; to
designate.
What God hath cleansed, that call not thou common. Acts x. 15.
6. To state, or estimate, approximately or loosely; to characterize
without strict regard to fact; as, they call the distance ten miles;
he called it a full day's work.
[The] army is called seven hundred thousand men. Brougham.
7. To show or disclose the class, character, or nationality of. [Obs.]
This speech calls him Spaniard. Beau. & Fl.
8. To utter in a loud or distinct voice; -- often with off; as, to
call, or call off, the items of an account; to call the roll of a
military company.
No parish clerk who calls the psalm so clear. Gay.
9. To invoke; to appeal to.
I call God for a witness. 2 Cor. i. 23 [Rev. Ver. ]
10. To rouse from sleep; to awaken.
If thou canst awake by four o' the clock. I prithee call me. Sleep
hath seized me wholly. Shak.
To call a bond, to give notice that the amount of the bond will be
paid. -- To call a party (Law), to cry aloud his name in open court,
and command him to come in and perform some duty requiring his
presence at the time on pain of what may befall him. -- To call back,
to revoke or retract; to recall; to summon back. -- To call down, to
pray for, as blessing or curses. -- To call forth, to bring or summon
to action; as, to call forth all the faculties of the mind. -- To call
in, (a) To collect; as, to call in debts or money; ar to withdraw from
cirulation; as, to call in uncurrent coin. (b) To summon to one's
side; to invite to come together; as, to call in neighbors. -- To call
(any one) names, to apply contemptuous names (to any one). -- To call
off, to summon away; to divert; as, to call off the attention; to call
off workmen from their employment. -- To call out. (a) To summon to
fight; to challenge. (b) To summon into service; as, to call out the
militia. -- To call over, to recite separate particulars in order, as
a roll of names. -- To call to account, to demand explanation of. --
To call to mind, to recollect; to revive in memory. -- To call to
order, to request to come to order; as: (a) A public meeting, when
opening it for business. (b) A person, when he is transgressing the
rules of debate. -- To call to the bar, to admit to practice in courts
of law. -- To call up. (a) To bring into view or recollection; as to
call up the image of deceased friend. (b) To bring into action or
discussion; to demand the consideration of; as, to call up a bill
before a legislative body. Syn. -- To name; denominate; invite; bid;
summon; convoke; assemble; collect; exhort; warn; proclaim; invoke;
appeal to; designate. To Call, Convoke, Summon. Call is the generic
term; as, to call a public meeting. To convoke is to require the
assembling of some organized body of men by an act of authority; as,
the king convoked Parliament. To summon is to require attendance by an
act more or less stringent anthority; as, to summon a witness.
Call
Call, v. i.
1. To speak in loud voice; to cry out; to address by name; --
sometimes with to.
You must call to the nurse. Shak.
The angel of God called to Hagar. Gen. xxi. 17.
2. To make a demand, requirement, or request.
They called for rooms, and he showed them one. Bunyan.
3. To make a brief visit; also, to stop at some place designated, as
for orders.
He ordered her to call at the house once a week. Temple.
To call for (a) To demand; to require; as, a crime calls for
punishment; a survey, grant, or deed calls for the metes and bounds,
or the quantity of land, etc., which it describes. (b) To give an
order for; to request. "Whenever the coach stopped, the sailor called
for more ale." Marryat. -- To call on, To call upon, (a) To make a
short visit to; as, call on a friend. (b) To appeal to; to invite; to
request earnestly; as, to call upon a person to make a speech. (c) To
solicit payment, or make a demand, of a debt. (d) To invoke or play
to; to worship; as, to call upon God. -- To call out To call or utter
loudly; to brawl.
Call
Call (?), n.
1. The act of calling; -- usually with the voice, but often otherwise,
as by signs, the sound of some instrument, or by writing; a summons;
an entreaty; an invitation; as, a call for help; the bugle's call.
"Call of the trumpet." Shak.
I rose as at thy call, but found thee not. Milton.
2. A signal, as on a drum, bugle, trumpet, or pipe, to summon soldiers
or sailors to duty.
3. (Eccl.) An invitation to take charge of or serve a church as its
pastor.
4. A requirement or appeal arising from the circumstances of the case;
a moral requirement or appeal.
Dependence is a perpetual call upon hummanity. Addison.
Running into danger without any call of duty. Macaulay.
5. A divine vocation or summons.
St. Paul himself believed he did well, and that he had a call to
it, when he persecuted the Christians. Locke.
6. Vocation; employment.
NOTE: [In this sense, calling is generally used.]
7. A short visit; as, to make a call on a neighbor; also, the daily
coming of a tradesman to solicit orders.
The baker's punctual call. Cowper.
8. (Hunting) A note blown on the horn to encourage the hounds.
9. (Naut.) A whistle or pipe, used by the boatswain and his mate, to
summon the sailors to duty.
10. (Fowling) The cry of a bird; also a noise or cry in imitation of a
bird; or a pipe to call birds by imitating their note or cry.
11. (Amer. Land Law) A reference to, or statement of, an object,
course, distance, or other matter of description in a survey or grant
reguiring or calling for a carresponding object, etc., on the land.
12. The privilege to demand the delivery of stock, grain, or any
commodity, at a fixed, price, at or within a certain time agreed on.
[Brokers' Cant]
13. See Assessment, 4.
At call, OR On call, liable to be demanded at any moment without
previous notice; as money on deposit. -- Call bird, a bird taught to
allure others into a snare. -- Call boy (a) A boy who calls the actors
in a theater; a boy who transmits the orders of the captain of a
vessel to the engineer, helmsman, etc. (b) A waiting boy who answers a
cal, or cames at the ringing of a bell; a bell boy. -- Call note, the
note naturally used by the male bird to call the female. It is
artifically applied by birdcatchers as a decoy. Latham. -- Call of the
house (Legislative Bodies), a calling over the names of members, to
discover who is absent, or for other purposes; a calling of names with
a view to obtaining the ayes and noes from the persons named. -- Call
to the bar, admission to practice in the courts.
Calla
Cal"la (?), n. [Linn\'91us derived Calla fr. Gr. calla, calsa, name of
an unknown plant, and Gr. (Bot.) A genus of plants, of the order
Arace\'91.
NOTE: &hand; The common Calla of cultivation is Richardia Africana,
belonging to another genus of the same order. Its large spathe is
pure white, surrounding a fleshy spike, which is covered with
minute apetalous flowers.
Callat
Cal"lat (?), n. Same as Callet. [Obs.]
A callat of boundless tongue. Shak.
Calle
Calle (?), n. [See Caul.] A kind of head covering; a caul. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Caller
Call"er (?), n. One who calls.
Caller
Cal"ler (?), a. [Scot.]
1. Cool; refreshing; fresh; as, a caller day; the caller air.
Jamieson.
2. Fresh; in good condition; as, caller berrings.
Callet
Cal"let (?), n. [Cf. Ir. & Gael. caile a country woman, strumpet.] A
trull or prostitute; a scold or gossip. [Obs.] [Written also callat.]
Callet
Cal"let v. i. To rail or scold. [Obs.] Brathwait.
Callid
Cal"lid (?), a. [L. callidus, fr. callere to be thick-skinned, to be
hardened, to be practiced, fr. callum, callus, callous skin,
callosity, callousness.] Characterized by cunning or shrewdness;
crafty. [R.]
Callidity
Cal*lid"i*ty (?), n. [L. calliditas.] Acuteness of discernment;
cunningness; shrewdness. [R.]
Her eagly-eyed callidity. C. Smart.
Calligrapher
Cal*lig"ra*pher (?), n. One skilled in calligraphy; a good penman.
Calligraphic, Calligraphical
Cal`li*graph"ic (?), Cal`li*graph"ic*al (?), a., [Gr. calligraphique.]
Of or pertaining to calligraphy.
Excellence in the calligraphic act. T. Warton.
Calligraphist
Cal*lig"ra*phist (?), n. A calligrapher
Calligraphy
Cal*lig"ra*phy, n. [Gr. calligraphie.] Fair or elegant penmanship.
Calling
Call"ing (?), n.
1. The act of one who calls; a crying aloud, esp. in order to summon,
or to attact the attention of, some one.
2. A summoning or convocation, as of Parliament.
The frequent calling and meeting of Parlaiment. Macaulay.
3. A divine summons or invitation; also, the state of being divinely
called.
Who hath . . . called us with an holy calling. 2 Tim. i. 9.
Give diligence to make yior calling . . . sure. 2 Pet. i. 10.
4. A naming, or inviting; a reading over or reciting in order, or a
call of names with a view to obtaining an answer, as in legislative
bodies.
5. One's usual occupation, or employment; vocation; business; trade.
The humble calling of ter female parent. Thackeray.
6. The persons, collectively, engaged in any particular professions or
employment.
To impose celibacy on wholy callings. Hammond.
7. Title; appellation; name. [Obs.]
I am more proud to be Sir Rowland's son His youngest son, and would
not change that calling. Shak.
Syn. -- Occupation; employment; business; trade; profession; office;
engagement; vocation.
Calliope
Cal*li"o*pe (?), n. [L. Calliope, Gr. kalli- (from kallos beautiful) +
1. (Class. Myth.) The Muse that presides over eloquence and heroic
poetry; mother of Orpheus, and chief of the nine Muses.
2. (Astron.) One of the astreids. See Solar.
3. A musical instrument consisting of series of steam whistles, toned
to the notes of the scale, and played by keys arranged like those of
an organ. It is sometimes attached to steamboat boilers.
4. (Zo\'94l.) A beautuful species of humming bird (Stellula Calliope)
of California and adjacent regions.
Calliopsis
Cal`li*op"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. pref. (Bot.) A popular name given
to a few species of the genus Careopsis, especially to C. tinctoria of
Arkansas.
Callipash
Cal`li*pash" (, n. See Calipash.
Callipee
Cal`li*pee" (, n. See Calipee.
Callipers
Cal`li*pers (, n. pl. See Calipers.
Callisection
Cal`li*sec"tion (?), n. [L. callere to be insensible + E. section.]
Painless vivisection; -- opposed to sentisection. B. G. Wilder.
Callisthenic, a., Callisthenics
Cal`lis*then"ic, a., Cal`lis*then"ics (?), n. See Calisthenic,
Calisthenics.
Callithump
Cal"li*thump` (?), n. A somewhat riotous parade, accompanied with the
blowing of tin horus, and other discordant noises; also, a burlesque
serenade; a charivari. [U. S.]
Callithumpian
Cal`li*thump"i*an (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a
callithump. [U. S.]
Callosan
Cal*lo"san (?), a. (Anat.) Of the callosum.
Callose
Cal"lose (?), a. [See Callous.] (Bot.) Furnished with protuberant or
hardened spots.
Callosity
Cal*los"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Callosities (#). [L. callasitas; cf. F.
calost\'82.] A hard or thickened spot or protuberance; a hardening and
thickening of the skin or bark of a part, eps. as a result of
continued pressure or friction.
Callosum
Cal*lo"sum (?), n. [NL., fr. callosus callous, hard.] (Anat.) The
great band commissural fibers which unites the two cerebral
hemispheres. See corpus callosum, under Carpus.
Callot
Cal"lot (?), n. A plant coif or skullcap. Same as Calotte. B. Jonson.
Callous
Cal"lous (?), a. [L. callosus callous hard, fr. callum, callus,
callous skin: cf. F. calleux.]
1. Hardenes; indurated. "A callous hand." Goldsmith. "A callous
ulcer." Dunglison.
2. Hardened in mind; insensible; unfeeling; unsusceptible. "The
callous diplomatist." Macaulay.
It is an immense blessing to be perfectly callous to ridicule. T.
Arnold.
Syn. -- Obdurate; hard; hardened; indurated; insensible; unfeeling;
unsusceptible. See Obdurate. -- Cal"lous*ly, adv. -- Cal"lous*ness, n.
A callousness and numbness of soul. Bentley.
Callow
Cal"low (?), a. [OE. calewe, calu, bald, AS. calu; akin to D. kaal,
OHG. chalo, G. Kuhl; cf. L. calvus.]
1. Destitute of feathers; naked; unfledged.
An in the leafy summit, spied a nest, Which, o'er the callow young,
a sparrow pressed. Dryden.
2. Immature; boyish; "green"; as, a callow youth.
I perceive by this, thou art but a callow maid. Old Play [1675].
Callow
Cal*low" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) [Named from its note.] A kind of duck. See
Old squaw.
Callus
Cal"lus (?), n. [L. See Callous.]
1. (Med.) (a) Same as Callosity. (b The material of repair in
fractures of bone; a substance exuded at the site of fracture, which
is at first soft or cartilaginous in consistence, but is ultimately
converted into true bone and unites the fragments into a single piece.
2. (Hort.) The new formation over the end of a cutting, before it puts
out rootlets.
Calm
Calm (?), n. [OE. calme, F. calme, fr. It. or Sp. calma (cf. Pg. calma
heat), prob. fr. LL. cauma heat, fr. Gr. Caustic] Freodom from motion,
agitation, or disturbance; a cessation or abeence of that which causes
motion or disturbance, as of winds or waves; tranquility; stilness;
quiet; serenity.
The wind ceased, and there was a great calm. Mark. iv. 39.
A calm before a storm is commonly a peace of a man's own making.
South.
Calm
Calm, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Calmed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Calming.] [Cf.
F. calmer. See Calm, n.]
1. To make calm; to render still or quet, as elements; as, to calm the
winds.
To calm the tempest raised by Eolus. Dryden.
2. To deliver from agitation or excitement; to still or soothe, as the
mind or passions.
Passions which seem somewhat calmed.
Syn. -- To still; quiet; appease; ally; pacigy; tranquilize; soothe;
compose; assuage; check; restrain.
Calm
Calm (?), a. [compar. Calmer (?); super. Calmest (?)]
1. Not stormy; without motion, as of winds or waves; still; quiet;
serene; undisturbed. "Calm was the day." Spenser.
Now all is calm, and fresh, and still. Bryant.
2. Undisturbed by passion or emotion; not agitated or excited;
tranquil; quiet in act or speech. "Calm and sinless peace." Milton.
"With calm attention." Pope.
Such calm old age as conscience pure And self-commanding hearts
ensure. Keble.
Syn. -- Still; quiet; undisturbed; tranquil; peaceful; serene;
composed; unruffled; sedate; collected; placid.
Calmer
Calm"er (?), n. One who, or that which, makes calm.
Calmly
Calm"ly (?), adv. In a calm manner.
The gentle stream which calmly flows. Denham.
Calmness
Calm"ness, n. The state of quality of being calm; quietness;
tranquillity; self-repose.
The gentle calmness of the flood. Denham.
Hes calmness was the repose of conscious power. E. Everett.
Syn. -- Quietness; quietude; stillness; tranquillity; serenity;
repose; composure; sedateness; placidity.
Calmucks
Cal"mucks (?), n. pl.; sing. Calmuck. A branch of the Mongolian race
inbabiting parts of the Russian and Chinese empires; also (sing.), the
language of the Calmucks. [Written also Kalmucks.]
Calmy
Calm"y (?), a. [Fr. Calm, n.] Tranquil; peaceful; calm. [Poet.] "A
still and calmy day" Spenser.
Calomel
Cal"o*mel (?), n. [Gr. calom\'82las.] (Chem.) Mild chloride of
mercury, Hg
Calorescence
Cal`o*res"cence (?), n. [L. calor heat.] (Physics) The conversion of
obscure radiant heat info kight; the transmutation of rays of heat
into others of higher refrangibility. Tyndall.
Caloric
Ca*lor"ic (?), n. [L. calor heat; cf. F. calorique.] (Physics) The
principle of heat, or the agent to which the phenomena of heat and
combustion were formerly ascribed; -- not now used in scientific
nomenclature, but sometimes used as a general term for heat.
Caloric expands all bodies. Henry.
Caloric
Ca*lor"ic, a. Of or pertaining to caloric. Caloric engine, a kind of
engine operated air.
Caloricity
Cal`o*ric"ity (?), n. (Physiol.) A faculty in animals of developing
and preserving the heat nesessary to life, that is, the animal heat.
Caloriduct
Ca*lor"i*duct (?), n. [L. calor heat (fr. calere to warm) + E. duct.]
A tube or duct for conducting heat; a caliduct.
Calorie
Cal"o*rie (?), n. [F., fr. L. calor heat.] (Physics) The unit of heat
according to the Frensc standard; the amount of heat requires to raise
the temperature of one kilogram (sometimes, one gram) of water one
degree centigrade, or from 0Foot pound.
Calorifacient
Ca*lor`i*fa"cient (?), a. (Physiol.) See Calorificient.
Calorifere
Ca*lor"i*fere (?), n. [F. calorif\'8are, fr. L. calor heat + ferre to
bear.] An apparatus for conveying and distributing heat, especially by
means of hot water circulating in tubes.
Calorifiant
Ca*lor`i*fi"ant (?), a. (Physiol.) See Calorificient.
Calorific
Cal`o*rif"ic (?), a. [L. calorificus; calor heat + facere to make; cf.
F. calorifique.] Possessing the quality of producing heat; heating.
Calorific rays, the invisible, heating rays which emanate from the
sum, and burning and heated bodies.
Calorification
Ca*lor`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. calorification.] Production of
heat, esp. animal heat.
Calorificlent
Ca*lor`i*fi"clent (?), a. (Physiol.) Having, or relating to the power
of producing heat; -- applied to foods which, being rich in carbon, as
the fats, are supposed to give rise to heat in the animal body by
oxidation.
Calorimeter
Cal`o*rim"e*ter (?), n. [L. calor heat + -meter; cf. F.
calorim\'8atre.]
1. (Physiol.) An apparatus for measuring the amount of heat contained
in bodies or developed by some mechanical or chemical process, as
friction, chemical combination, combustion, etc.
2. (Engineering) An apparatus for measuring the proportion of
unevaporated water contained in steam.
Calorimetric
Ca*lor`i*met"ric (?), a. Of or pertaining to process of using the
calorimeter.
Satisfactory calorimetric results. Nichol.
Calorimetry
Cal`o*rim"e*try (?), n. (Physics) Measurement of the quantities of
heat in bodies.
Calorimotor
Ca*lor`i*mo"tor (?), n. [L. calor heat + E. motor.] (Physics) A
voltaic battery, having a large surface of plate, and producing
powerful heating effects.
Calotte, Callot
Ca*lotte" (?), Cal"lot (?), n. [F. calotte, dim. of cale a sort of
flat cap. Cf. Caul.] A close cap without visor or brim. Especially:
(a) Such a cap, worn by English serjeants at law. (b) Such a cap, worn
by the French cavalry under their helmets. (c) Such a cap, worn by the
clergy of the Roman Catholic Church. To assume the calotte, to become
a priest.
Calotype
Cal"o*type (?), n. [Gr. (Photog.) A method of taking photographic
pictures, on paper sensitized with iodide of silver; -- also called
Talbotype, from the inventor, Mr. Fox. Talbot.
Caloyer
Ca*loy"er (?), n. [F., fr. NGr. A monk of the Greek Church; a
cenobite, anchoret, or recluse of the rule of St. Basil, especially,
one on or near Mt. Athos.
Calque
Calque, v. t. See 2d Calk, v. t.
Caltrop, Caltrap
Cal"trop (?), Cal"trap (?), n. [OE. calketrappe, calletrappe, caltor
(in both senses), fr. AS. collr\'91ppe, calcetreppe, sort of thistle;
cf. F. chaussetrape star thistle, trap, It. calcatreppo,
calcatreppolo, star thistle. Perh. from L. calx heel + the same word
as E. trap. See 1st Trap.]
1. (Bot.) A genus of herbaceous plants (Tribulus) of the order
Zygophylle\'91, having a hard several-celled fruit, armed with stout
spines, and resembling the military instrument of the same name. The
species grow in warm countries, and are often very annoying to cattle.
2. (Mil.) An instrument with four iron points, so disposed that, any
three of them being on the ground, the other projects upward. They are
scattered on the ground where an enemy's cavalry are to pass, to
impede their progress by endangering the horses' feet.
Calumba
Ca*lum"ba (?), n. [from kalumb, its native name in Mozambique.] (Med.)
The root of a plant (Jateorrhiza Calumba, and probably Cocculus
palmatus), indigenous in Mozambique. It has an unpleasantly bitter
taste, and is used as a tonic and antiseptic. [Written also colombo,
columbo, and calombo.] American calumba, the Frasera Carolinensis,
also called American gentian. Its root has been used in medicine as
bitter tonic in place of calumba.
Calumbin
Ca*lum"bin (?), n. (Chem.) A bitter principle extracted as a white
crystalline substance from the calumba root. [Written also colombin,
and columbin]
Calumet
Cal"u*met (?), n. [F. calumet, fr. L. calamus reed. See Halm, and cf.
Shawm.] A kind of pipe, used by the North American Indians for smoking
tobacco. The bowl is usually made of soft red stone, and the tube is a
long reed often ornamented with feathers.
Smoked the calumet, the Peace pipe, As a signal to the nations.
Lowgfellow.
NOTE: &hand; Th e ca lumet is used as a symbol of peace. To accept
the calumet is to agree to terms of peace, and to refuse it is to
reject them. The calumet of peace is used to seal or ratify
contracts and alliances, and as an evidence to strangers that they
are welcome.
Calumniate
Ca*lum"ni*ate (?), v. i. [Imp. & p. p. Calumniated; p. pr. & vb. n.
calumniating.] [L. calumniatus, p. p. of calumniari. See Calumny, and
cf. Challenge, v. t.] To accuse falsely and maliciously of a crime or
offense, or of something disreputable; to slander; to libel.
Hatred unto the truth did always falsely report and calumniate all
godly men's doings. Strype.
Syn. -- To asperse; slander; defame; vilify; traduce; belie;
bespatter; blacken; libel. See Asperse.
Calumniate
Ca*lum"ni*ate, v. i. To propagate evil reports with a design to injure
the reputation of another; to make purposely false charges of some
offense or crime.
Calumniation
Ca*lum`ni*a"tion (?), n. False accusation of crime or offense, or a
malicious and false representation of the words or actions of another,
with a view to injure his good name.
The calumniation of her principal counselors. Bacon.
Calumniator
Ca*lum`ni*a"tor (?), n. [L.] One who calumniates. Syn. -- Slanderer;
defamer; libeler; traducer.
Calumniatory
Ca*lum"ni*a*to*ry (?), a. Containing calumny; slanderous. Montagu.
Calumnious
Ca*lum"ni*ous (?), a. [L. calumniosus.] Containing or implying
calumny; false, malicious, and injurious to reputation; slanderous;
as, calumnious reports.
Virtue itself 'scapes not calumnious strokes. Shak.
. Slanderous; defamatory; scurrilous; opprobrious; derogatory;
libelous; abusive. -- Ca*lum"ni*ous*ly, adv. -- Ca*lum"ni*ous*ness, n.
Calumny
Cal"um*ny (?), n.; pl. Calumnies (#). [L. calumnia, fr. calvi to
devise tricks, deceive; cf. F. calomnie. Cf. Challenge, n.] False
accusation of a crime or offense, maliciously made or reported, to the
injury of another; malicious misrepresentation; slander; detraction.
"Infamouse calumnies." Motley.
Be thou as chaste as ice, as pure as snow, thou shalt not escape
calumny. Shak.
Calvaria
Cal*va"ri*a (?), n. [L. See Calvary.] (Anat.) The bones of the
cranium; more especially, the bones of the domelike upper portion.
Calvary
Cal"va*ry (?), n. [L. calvaria a bare skull, fr. calva the scalp
without hair. fr. calvus bald; cf. F. calvaire.]
1. The place where Christ was crucified, on a small hill outside of
Jerusalem. Luke xxiii. 33.
NOTE: &hand; Th e La tin ca lvaria is a tr anslation of the Greek
Golgotha.
Dr. W. Smith.
2. A representation of the crucifixion, consisting of three crosses
with the figures of Christ and the thieves, often as large as life,
and sometimes surrounded by figures of other personages who were
present at the crucifixion.
3. (Her.) A cross, set upon three steps; -- more properly called cross
calvary.
Calve
Calve (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Calved 3; p. pr. & vb. n. Calving.]
[AS. cealfian. See Calf.]
1. To bring forth a calf. "Their cow calveth." Job xxi. 10.
2. To bring forth young; to produce offspring.
Canst thou mark when the hinds do calve? Job xxxix. 1.
The grassy clods now calved. Molton.
Calver
Cal"ver (?), v. i.
1. To cut in slices and pickle, as salmon. [Obs.]
For a change, leave calvered salmon and eat sprats. Massinger.
2. To crimp; as, calvered salmon. Nares.
Calver
Cal"ver, v. i. To bear, or be susceptible of, being calvered; as,
grayling's flesh will calver. Catton.
Calvessnout
Calves"*snout (?), n. (Bot.) Snapdragon.
Calvinism
Cal"vin*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. Calvinisme.] The theological tenets or
doctrines of John Calvin (a French theologian and reformer of the 16th
century) and his followers, or of the so-called calvinistic churches.
NOTE: &hand; Th e di stinguishing doctrines of this system, usually
termed the five points of Calvinism, are original sin or total
depravity, election or predestination, particular redemption,
effectual calling, and the perseverance of the saints. It has been
subject to many variations and modifications in different churches
and at various times.
Calvinist
Cal"vin*ist (?), n. [Cf. F. Calviniste.] A follower of Calvin; a
believer in Calvinism.
Calvinistic, Calvinistical
Cal`vin*is"tic (?), Cal`vin*is"tic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to
Calvin, or Calvinism; following Calvin; accepting or Teaching
Calvinism. "Calvinistic training." Lowell.
Calvinize
Cal"vin*ize (?), v. t. To convert to Calvinism.
Calvish
Calv"ish (?), a. Like a calf; stupid. Sheldon.
Calx
Calx (?), n.; pl. E. Calxes (#), L. Calces (#). [L. Calx, calcis.
limestone; cf. Gr. carraic rock Gael. carraig, W. careg, stone. Cf.
Chalk.]
1. (Chem.) (a) Quicklime. [Obs.] (b) The substance which remains when
a metal or mineral has been subjected to calcination or combustion by
heat, and which is, or may be, reduced to a fine powder.
NOTE: &hand; Metallic calxes are now called oxides.
2. Broken and refuse glass, returned to the post.
Calycifloral, callyciflorous
Ca*lyc`i*flo"ral (?), cal*lyc`i*flo"rous (?), a. [L. calyx, -ycis,
calyx + flos, floris, flower.] (Bot.) Having the petals and stamens
adnate to the calyx; -- applied to a subclass of dicotyledonous plants
in the system of the French botanist Candolle.
Calyciform
Ca*lyc"i*form (?), a. [L. calyx, calycis, calyx + -form.] (Bot.)
Having the form or appearance of a calyx.
Calycinal, Calycine
Ca*lyc"i*nal (?), Cal"y*cine (?), a. (Bot.) Pertaining to a calyx;
having the nature of a calyx.
Calycle
Cal"y*cle (?), n. [L.calyculus small flower bud, calyx, dim. of calyx.
See Calyx, and cf. Calicle.] (Bot.) A row of small bracts, at the base
of the calyx, on the outside.
Calycled
Cal"y*cled (?), a. (Bot.) Calyculate.
Calycozoa
Cal`y*co*zo"a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A group of acalephs
of which Lucernaria is the type. The body is cup-shaped with eight
marginal lobes bearing clavate tentacles. An aboral sucker serves for
attachment. The interior is divided into four large compartments. See
Lucernarida.
Calycular
Ca*lyc"u*lar (?), a. (Bot.) Pertaining to, or resembling, the bracts
of a calycle.
Calyculate, Calyculated
Ca*lyc"u*late (?), Ca*lyc"u*la`ted (?), a. (Bot.) Having a set of
bracts resembling a calyx.
Calymene
Ca*lym"e*ne (?), n. [Gr. ( (Zo\'94l.) A genus of trilobites
characteristic of the Silurian age.
Calyon
Cal"yon (?), n. Flint or pebble stone, used in building walls, etc.
Haliwell.
Calypso
Ca*lyp"so (?), n. [The Latinized Greek name of a beautiful nymph.]
(Bot.) A small and beautiful species of orchid, having a flower
variegated with purple, pink, and yellow. It grows in cold and wet
localities in the northern part of the United States. The Calypso
borealis is the only orchid which reaches 68° N.
Calyptra
Ca*lyp"tra (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A little hood or veil,
resembling an extinguisher in form and position, covering each of the
small flaskike capsules which contain the spores of mosses; also, any
similar covering body.
Calyptriform
Ca*lyp"tri*form (?), a. [Calyptra + -form.] Having the form a
calyptra, or extinguisher.
Calyx
Ca"lyx (?), n.; pl. E. Calyxes (#), L. Calyces (#). [L. calyx, -ycis,
fr. Gr. Chalice Helmet.]
1. (Bot.) The covering of a flower. See Flower.
NOTE: &hand; The calyx is usually green and foliaceous, but becomes
delicate and petaloid in such flowers as the anemone and the
four-o'clock. Each leaf of the calyx is called a sepal.
2. (Anat.) A cuplike division of the pelvis of the kidney, which
surrounds one or more of the renal papil\'91.
Calzoons
Cal*zoons" (?), n. pl. [F. cale\'87ons (cf. It. calzoni breeches), fr.
L. calceus shoe.] Drawers. [Obs.]
Cam
Cam (?), n. [Dan. kam comb, ridge; or cf. W. Gael., and Ir., cam bet.
See 1st Come.]
1. (Med.) (a) A turning or sliding piece which, by the shape of its
periphery or face, or a groove in its surface, imparts variable or
intermittent motion to, or receives such motion from, a rod, lever, or
block brought into sliding or rolling contact with it. (b) A curved
wedge, movable about an axis, used for forcing or clamping two pieces
together. (c) A projecting part of a wheel or other moving piece so
shaped as to give alternate or variable motion to another piece
against which its acts.
_________________________________________________________________
Page 207
NOTE: &hand; Cams are much used in machinery involving complicated,
and irregular movements, as in the sewing machine, pin machine,
etc.
2. A ridge or mound of earth. [Prow. Eng.] Wright.
Cam wheel (Mach.), a wheel with one or more projections (cams) or
depressions upon its periphery or upon its face; one which is set or
shaped eccentrically, so that its revolutions impart a varied,
reciprocating, or intermittent motion.
Cam
Cam (?), a. [See Kam.] Crooked. [Obs.]
Camaieu
Ca*ma"ieu (?), n. [F.; of unknown origin. Cf. Cameo.]
1. A cameo. [Obs.] Crabb.
2. (Fine Arts) Painting in shades of one color; monochrome. Mollett.
Camail
Ca*mail" (?), n. [F. camail (cf. It. camaglio), fr. L. caput head +
source of E. mail.]
1. (Ancient Armor) A neck guard of chain mall, hanging from the
bascinet or other headpiece.
2. A hood of other material than mail; esp. (Eccl.), a hood worn in
church services, -- the amice, or the like.
Camarasaurus
Cam`a*ra*sau"rus (?), n. [NL. fr. Gr. (Paleon.) A genus of gigantic
American Jurassic dinosaurs, having large cavities in the bodies of
the dorsal vertebr\'91.
Camarilla
Ca`ma*ril"la (?), n. [Sp., a small room.]
1. The private audience chamber of a king.
2. A company of secret and irresponsible advisers, as of a king; a
cabal or clique.
Camass
Cam"ass (?), n. [American Indian name.] (Bot.) A blue-flowered
liliaceous plant (Camassia esculenta) of northwestern America, the
bulbs of which are collected for food by the Indians. [Written also
camas, cammas, and quamash.]
NOTE: &hand; The Eastern cammass is Camassia Fraseri.
Camber
Cam"ber (?), n. [Of. cambre bent, curved; akin to F. cambrer to vault,
to bend, fr. L. camerare to arch over, fr. camera vault, arch. See
Chamber, and cf. Camerate.]
1. (Shipbuilding) An upward convexity of a deck or other surface; as,
she has a high camber (said of a vessel having an unusual convexity of
deck).
2. (Arch.) An upward concavity in the under side of a beam, girder, or
lintel; also, a slight upward concavity in a straight arch. See
Hogback.
Camber arch (Arch.), an arch whose intrados, though apparently
straight, has a slightly concave curve upward. -- Camber beam (Arch.),
a beam whose under side has a concave curve upward.
Camber
Cam"ber, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cambered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Cambering.]
To cut bend to an upward curve; to construct, as a deck, with an
upward curve.
Camber
Cam"ber, v. i. To curve upward.
Camberkeeled
Cam"ber*keeled (?), a. (Naut.) Having the keel arched upwards, but not
actually hogged; -- said of a ship.
Cambial
Cam"bi*al (?), a. [LL. cambialis, fr. cambiars. See Change.] Belonging
to exchanges in commerce; of exchange. [R.]
Cambist
Cam"bist (?), n. [F. cambiste, It. cambista, fr. L. cambire to
exchange. See Change.] A banker; a money changer or broker; one who
deals in bills of exchange, or who is skilled in the science of
exchange.
Cambistry
Cam"bist*ry (?), n. The science of exchange, weight, measures, etc.
Cambium
Cam"bi*um (?), n. [LL. cambium exchange, fr. L. cambire to exchange.
It was supposed that cambium was sap changing into wood.]
1. (Bot.) A series of formative cells lying outside of the wood proper
and inside of the inner bark. The growth of new wood takes place in
the cambium, which is very soft.
2. (Med.) A fancied nutritive juice, formerly supposed to orgiginate
in the blood, to repair losses of the system, and to promote its
increase. Dunglison.
Camblet
Cam"blet (?), n. See Camlet.
Camboge
Cam*boge" (?), n. See Gamboge.
Camboose
Cam*boose" (?), n. (Naut.) See Caboose.
Cambrasine
Cam"bra*sine (?), n. A kind of linen cloth made in Egypt, and so named
from its resemblance to cambric.
Cambrel
Cam"brel (?), n. See Gambrel, n., 2. Wright.
Cambria
Cam"bri*a (?), n. The ancient Latin name of Wales. It is used by
modern poets.
Cambrian
Cam"bri*an (?), a.
1. (Geog.) Of or pertaining to Cambria or Wales.
2. (Geol.) Of or pertaining to the lowest subdivision of the rocks of
the Silurian or Molluscan age; -- sometimes described as inferior to
the Silurian. It is named from its development in Cambria or Wales.
See the Diagram under Geology.
Cambrian
Cam"bri*an, n.
1. A native of Cambria or Wales.
2. (Geol.) The Cambrian formation.
Cambric
Cam"bric (?), n. [OE. camerike, fr. Cambrai (Flemish Kamerik), a city
of France (formerly of Flanders), where it was first made.]
1. A fine, thin, and white fabric made of flax or linen.
He hath ribbons of all the colors i' the rainbow; . . . inkles,
caddises, cambrics, lawns. Shak.
2. A fabric made, in imitation of linen cambric, of fine, hardspun
cotton, often with figures of various colors; -- also called cotton
cambric, and cambric muslin.
CambroBriton
Cam"bro*Brit"on (?), n. A Welshman.
Came
Came (?), imp. of Come.
Came
Came (?), n. [Cf. Scot. came, caim, comb, and OE. camet silver.] A
slender rod of cast lead, with or without grooves, used, in casements
and stained-glass windows, to hold together the panes or pieces of
glass.
Camel
Cam"el (?), n. [Oe. camel, chamel, OF. camel, chamel, F. chameau L.
camelus, fr. Gr. g\'bem\'bel, Ar. jamal. Cf. As. camel, fr. L.
camelus.]
1. (Zo\'94l.) A large ruminant used in Asia and Africa for carrying
burdens and for riding. The camel is remarkable for its ability to go
a long time without drinking. Its hoofs are small, and situated at the
extremities of the toes, and the weight of the animal rests on the
callous. The dromedary (Camelus dromedarius) has one bunch on the
back, while the Bactrian camel (C. Bactrianus) has two. The llama,
alpaca, and vicu\'a4a, of South America, belong to a related genus
(Auchenia).
2. (Naut.) A watertight structure (as a large box or boxes) used to
assist a vessel in passing over a shoal or bar or in navigating
shallow water. By admitting water, the camel or camels may be sunk and
attached beneath or at the sides of a vessel, and when the water is
pumped out the vessel is lifted.
Camel bird (Zo\'94l.), the ostrich. -- Camel locust (Zo\'94l.), the
mantis. -- Camel's thorn (Bot.), a low, leguminous shrub (Alhagi
maurorum) of the Arabian desert, from which exudes a sweetish gum,
which is one of the substances called manna.
Camelbacked
Cam"el*backed` (?), a. Having a back like a camel; humpbacked. Fuller.
Cameleon
Ca*me"le*on (?), n. See Chaceleon. [Obs.]
Camellia
Ca*mel"li*a (?), n. [NL.; -- named after Kamel, a Jesuit who is said
to have brought it from the East.] (Bot.) An Asiatic genus of small
shrubs, often with shining leaves and showy flowers. Camelia Japonica
is much cultivated for ornament, and C. Sassanqua and C. Oleifera are
grown in China for the oil which is pressed from their seeds. The tea
plant is now referred to this genus under the name of Camellia Thea.
Camelopard
Ca*mel"o*pard (?), n. [LL. camelopardus, L. camelopardalus,
camelopardalis, fr. Gr. cam\'82lopard. The camelopard has a neck and
head like a camel, and is spotted like a pard. See Camel, and Pard.]
(Zo\'94l.) An African ruminant; the giraffe. See Giraffe.
Camelot
Came"lot (?), n. See Camelet. [Obs.]
Camelshair
Cam"els*hair` (?), a. Of camel's hair. Camel's-hair pencil, a small
brush used by painters in water colors, made of camel's hair or
similar materials. -- Camel's-hair shawl. A name often given to a
cashmere shawl. See Cashmere shawl under Cashmere.
Cameo
Cam"e*o (?), n.; pl. Cameos (#). [It cammeo; akin to F. cam\'82e,
cama\'8beu, Sp. camafeo, LL. camaeus, camahutus; of unknown origin.] A
carving in relief, esp. one on a small scale used as a jewel for
personal adornment, or like.
NOTE: &hand; Mo st cameos are carved in a material which has layers
of different colors, such stones as the onyx and sardonyx, and
various kinds of shells, being used.
Cameo conch (Zo\'94l.), a large, marine, univalve shell, esp. Cassis
cameo, C. rua, and allied species, used for cutting cameos. See Quern
conch.
Camera
Cam"e*ra (?), n.; pl. E. Cameras (#), L. Camerae (#). [L. vault, arch,
LL., chamber. See Chamber.] A chamber, or instrument having a chamber.
Specifically: The camera obscura when used in photography. See Camera,
and Camera obscura. Bellows camera. See under Bellows. -- In camera
(Law), in a judge's chamber, that is, privately; as, a judge hears
testimony which is not fit for the open court in camera. -- Panoramic,
OR Pantascopic, camera, a photographic camera in which the lens and
sensitized plate revolve so as to expose adjacent parts of the plate
successively to the light, which reaches it through a narrow vertical
slit; -- used in photographing broad landscapes. Abney.
Camerade
Came"rade (?), n. See Comrade, [Obs.]
Cameralistic
Cam`e*ra*lis"tic (?), a. Of or pertaining to finance and public
revenue.
Cameralistics
Cam`e*ra*lis"tics (?), n. [Cf. F. cam\'82ralistique, G. kameralistik,
fr. L. camera vault, LL., chamber, treasury.] The science of finance
or public revenue.
Camera lucida
Cam"e*ra lu"ci*da (?). [L. camera chamber + L. lucidus, lucida, lucid,
light.] (Opt.) An instrument which by means of a prism of a peculiar
form, or an arrangement of mirrors, causes an apparent image of an
external object or objects to appear as if projected upon a plane
surface, as of paper or canvas, so that the outlines may conveniently
traced. It is generally used with the microscope.
Camera obscura
Cam"e*ra ob*scu"ra (?). [LL. camera chamber + L. obscurus, obscura,
dark.] (Opt.)
1. An apparatus in which the images of extermal objects, formed by a
convex lens or a concave mirror, are thrown on a paper or other white
surface placed in the focus of the lens or mirror within a darkened
chamber, or box, so that the oulines may be traced.
2. (Photog.) An apparatus in which the image of an external object or
objects is, by means of lenses. thrown upon a sensitized plate or
surface placed at the back or an extensible darkened box or chamber
variously modifled; -- commonly called simply the camera.
Camerate
Cam"er*ate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Camerated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Camerzting.] [L. cameratus, p. p. of camerare. See Camber.]
1. To build in the form of a vault; to arch over.
2. To divide into chambers.
Cameration
Cam`er*a"tion (?), n. [L. cameratio.] A vaulting or arching over. [R.]
Camerlingo
Ca`mer*lin"go (?), n. [It.] The papal chamberlain; the cardinal who
presides over the pope's household. He has at times possessed great
power. [Written also camerlengo and camarlengo.]
Cameronian
Cam`e*ro"ni*an (?), n. A follower of the Rev. Richard Cameron, a
Scotch Covenanter of the time of Charies II.
\'b5 Cameron and others refused to accept the "indulgence" offered
the Presbyterian clergy, insisted on the Solemn league and
Covenant, and in 1680 declared Charles II deposed for tyranny,
breach of faith, etc. Cameron was killed at the battle of Airdmoss,
but his followers became a denomination (afterwards called Reformed
Presbyterians) who refused to recognize laws or institutions which
they believed contrary to the kingdom of Christ, but who now avail
themselves of political rights.
Camis
Cam"is (?), n. [See Chemise.] A light, loose dress or robe. [Also
written camus.] [Obs.]
All in a camis light of purple silk. Spenser.
Camisade, Camisado
Cam`i*sade" (?), Cam`i*sa"do (?), n. [F. camisade a night attack;
cf. It. camiciata. See Camis.] [Obs.] (Mil.) (a) A shirt worn by
soldiers over their uniform, in order to be able to recognize one
another in a night attack. (b) An attack by surprise by soldiers
wearing the camisado.
Give them a camisado in night season. Holinshed.
Camisard
Cam"i*sard (?), n. [F.] One of the French Protestant insurgents who
rebelled against Louis XIV, after the revocation of the edict of
Nates; -- so called from the peasant's smock (camise) which they
wore.
Camisated
Cam"i*sa`ted (?), a. Dressed with a shirt over the other garments.
Camisole
Cam"i*sole (?), n. [F. See chemise.]
1. A short dressing jacket for women.
2. A kind of straitjacket.
Camlet
Cam"let (?), n. [F. camelot (akin to Sp. camelote, chamelote, It.
cambellbito, ciambellotto, LL. camelotum, camelinum, fr. Ar.
khamlat camlet, fr. kaml pile, plush. The word was early confused
with camel, camel's hair also being used in making it. Cf.
Calamanco] A woven fabric originally made of camel's hair, now
chiefly of goat's hair and silk, or of wool and cotton. [Sometimes
written camelot and camblet.]
NOTE: &hand; Th ey ha ve been made plain and twilled, of sigle warp
and weft, of double warp, and sometimes with double weft also, with
thicker yarn.
Beck (Draper's Dict. )
Camleted
Cam"let*ed, a. Wavy or undulating like camlet; veined. Sir T.
Herbert.
Cammas
Cam"mas (?), n. (Bot.) See Camass.
Cammock
Cam"mock (?), n. [AS. cammoc.] (Bot.) A plant having long hard,
crooked roots, the Ononis spinosa; -- called also rest-harrow. The
Scandix Pecten-Veneris is also called cammock.
Camomile, Chamomile
Cam"o*mile, Cham"o*mile (?), n.[LL. camonilla, corrupted fr. Gr.
Humble, and Melon.] (Bot.) A genus of herbs (Anthemis) of the
Composite family. The common camomile, A. nobilis, is used as a
popular remedy. Its flowers have a strong and fragrant and a
bitter, aromatic taste. They are tonic, febrifugal, and in large
doses emetic, and the volatile oil is carminative.
Camonflet
Ca*mon"flet (?), n. [F.] (Mil.) A small mine, sometimes formed in
the wall or side of an enemy's gallery, to blow in the earth and
cut off the retreat of the miners. Farrow.
Camous, Camoys
Ca"mous (?), Ca"moys (?), a. [F. camus (equiv. to camard)
flat-nosed, fr. Celtic Cam croked + suff. -us; akin to L. camur,
camurus, croked.] Flat; depressed; crooked; -- said only of the
nose. [Obs.]
Camoused
Ca"moused, (, a. [From Camouse] Depressed; flattened. [Obs.]
Though my nose be cammoused. B. Jonson
Camously
Ca"mous*ly, adv. Awry. [Obs.] Skelton.
Camp
Camp (?), n. [F. camp, It. campo, fr. L. campus plant, fleld; akin
to Gr. Campaing, Champ, n.]
1. The ground or spot on which tents, huts, etc., are erected for
shelter, as for an army or for lumbermen, etc. Shzk.
2. A collection of tents, huts, etc., for shelter, commonly
arranged in an orderly manner.
Forming a camp in the neighborhood of Boston. W. Irving.
3. A single hut or shelter; as, a hunter's camp.
4. The company or body of persons encamped, as of soldiers, of
surveyors, of lumbermen, etc.
The camp broke up with the confusion of a flight. Macaulay.
5. (Agric.) A mound of earth in which potatoes and other vegetables
are stored for protection against frost; -- called also burrow and
pie. [Prov. Eng.]
6. [Cf. OE. & AS. camp contest, battle. See champion.] An ancient
game of football, played in some parts of England. Halliwell.
Camp bedstead, a light bedstead that can be folded up onto a small
space for easy transportation. -- camp ceiling (Arch.), a kind ceiling
often used in attics or garrets, in which the side walls are inclined
inward at the top, following the slope of the rafters, to meet the
plane surface of the upper ceiling. -- Camp chair, a light chair that
can be folded up compactly for easy transportation; the seat and back
are often made of strips or pieces of carpet. -- Camp fever, typhus
fever. -- Camp follower, a civilian accompanying an army, as a sutler,
servant, etc. -- Camp meeting, a religious gathering for open-air
preaching, held in some retired spot, chiefty by Methodists. It usualy
last for several days, during which those present lodge in tents,
temporary houses, or cottages. -- Camp stool, the same as camp chair,
except that the stool has no back. -- Flying camp (Mil.), a camp or
body of troops formed for rapid motion from one place to another.
Farrow. -- To pitch (a) camp, to set up the tents or huts of a camp.
-- To strike camp, to take down the tents or huts of a camp.
Camp
Camp (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Camped (?); p. pr. & vb n. Camping.] To
afford rest or lodging for, as an army or travelers.
Had our great palace the capacity To camp this host, we all would
sup together. Shak.
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\'3e
Camp
Camp, v. i.
1. To pitch or prepare a camp; to encamp; to lodge in a camp; -- often
with out.
They camped out at night, under the stars. W. Irving.
2. [See Camp, n., 6] To play the game called camp. [Prov. Eng.]
Tusser.
Campagna
Cam*pa"gna (?), n. [It. See Campaing.] An open level tract of country;
especially "Campagna di Roma." The extensive undulating plain which
surrounds Rome.
NOTE: &hand; It s le ngth is co mmonly st ated to be about ninety
miles, and its breadth from twenty-seven to forty miles. The ground
is almost entirely volcanic, and vapors which arise from the
district produce malaria.
Campagnol
Cam`pa`gnol" (?), n. [F. , fr. campagne field.] (Zo\'94l.) A mouse
(Arvicala agrestis), called also meadow mouse, which often does great
damage in fields and gardens, by feeding on roots and seeds.
Campaign
Cam*paign" (?), n. [F. campagne, It. campagna, fr. L. Campania the
level country about Naples, fr. campus field. See Camp, and cf.
Champaign, Champagne.]
1. An open field; a large, open plain without considerable hills.
SeeChampaign. Grath.
2. (Mil.) A connected series of military operations forming a distinct
stage in a war; the time during which an army keeps the field.
Wilhelm.
3. Political operations preceding an election; a canvass. [Cant, U.
S.]
4. (Metal.) The period during which a blast furnace is continuously in
operation.
Campaign
Cam*paign" (?), v. i. To serve in a campaign.
Campaigner
Cam*paign"er (?), n. One who has served in an army in several
campaigns; an old soldier; a veteran.
Campana
Cam*pa"na (?), n. [LL. campana bell. Cf. Campanle.]
1. (Eccl.) A church bell.
2. (Bot.) The pasque flower. Drayton.
3. (Doric Arch.) Same as Gutta.
Campaned
Cam*paned" (?), a. (Her.) Furnished with, or bearing, campanes, or
bells.
Campanero
Cam`pa*ne"ro (?), n. [Sp., a bellman.] (Zo\'94l.) The bellbird of
South America. See Bellbird.
Campanes
Cam*panes" (?), n. pl. [See Campana.] (Her.) Bells. [R.]
Campania
Cam*pa"ni*a (?), n. [See Campaig.] Open country. Sir W. Temple.
Campaniform
Cam*pan"i*form (?), a. [LL. campana bell + -form: cf. F.
companiforme.] Bell-shaped.
Campanile
Cam`pa*ni"le (?), n. [It. campanile bell tower, steeple, fr. It. & LL.
campana bell.] (Arch.) A bell tower, esp. one built separate from a
church.
Many of the campaniles od Italy are lofty and magnificent
atructures. Swift.
Campaniliform
Cam`pa*nil"i*form (?), a. [See Campaniform.] Bell-shaped; campanulate;
campaniform.
Campanologist
Cam`pa*nol"o*gist (?), n. One skilled in campanology; a bell ringer.
Campanology
Cam`pa*nol"o*gy (?), n. [LL. campana bell _ -logy.] The art of ringing
bells, or a treatise on the art.
Campanula
Cam*pan"u*la (?), n. [LL. campanula a little bell; dim. of campana
bell.] (Bot.) A large genus of plants bearing bell-shaped flowers,
often of great beauty; -- also called bellflower.
Campanulaceous
Cam*pan`u*la"ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Of pertaining to, or resembling, the
family of plants (Camponulace\'91) of which Campanula is the type, and
which includes the Canterbury bell, the harebell, and the Venus's
looking-glass.
Campanularian
Cam*pan`u*la"ri*an (?), n. [L. campanula a bell.] (Zo\'94l.) A hydroid
of the family ampanularid\'91, characterized by having the polyps or
zooids inclosed in bell-shaped calicles or hydrothec\'91.
Campanulate
Cam*pan"u*late (?), a. (Bot.) Bell-shaped.
Campbellite
Camp"bell*ite (?), n. [From Alexander Campbell, of Virginia.] (Eccl.)
A member of the denomination called Christians or Disciples of Christ.
They themselves repudiate the term Campbellite as a nickname. See
Christian, 3.
Campeachy Wood
Cam*peach"y Wood` (?). [From the bay of Campeachy, in Mexico.]
Logwood.
Camper
Camp"er (?), n. One who lodges temporarily in a hut or camp.
Campestral, Campestrian
Cam*pes"tral (?), Cam*pes"tri*an (?), a. [L. campester, fr. campus
field.] Relating to an open fields; drowing in a field; growing in a
field, or open ground.
Camptight
Camp"tight` (?), n. [Cf. Camp, n., 6.] (O. Eng. Law.) A duel; the
decision of a case by a duel.
Camphene
Cam"phene (?), n. (Chem.) One of a series of substances C10H16,
resembling camphor, regarded as modified terpenes.
Camphine
Cam*phine" (?), n. [From Camphor.] Rectified oil of turpentine, used
for burning in lamps, and as a common solvent in varnishes.
NOTE: &hand; Th e na me is al so ap plied to a mi xture of this
substance with three times its volume of alcohol and sometimes a
little ether, used as an illuminant.
Camphire
Cam"phire (?), n. An old spelling of Camphor.
Camphogen
Cam"pho*gen (?), n. [Camphor + -gen: -- formerly so called as derived
from camphor: cf. F. camphog\'8ane.] (Chem.) See Cymene.
Camphol
Cam"phol (?), n. [Camphol + -ol.] (Chem.) See Borneol.
Camphor
Cam"phor (?), n. [OE. camfere, F. camphre (cf. It. camfara, Sp.
camfara, alcanfor, LL. camfora, camphara, NGr. k\'bef\'d4r, prob. fr.
Skr. karp\'d4ra.]
1. A tough, white, aromatic resin, or gum, obtained from different
species of the Laurus family, esp. from Cinnamomum camphara (the
Laurus camphara of Linn\'91us.). Camphor, C10H16O, is volatile and
fragrant, and is used in medicine as a diaphoretic, a stimulant, or
sedative.
2. A gum resembing ordinary camphor, obtained from a tree
(Dryobalanops camphora) growing in Sumatra and Borneo; -- called also
Malay camphor, camphor of Borneo, or borneol. See Borneol.
NOTE: &hand; The name camphor is also applied to a number of bodies
of similar appearance and properties, as cedar camphor, obtained
from the red or pencil cedar (Juniperus Virginiana), and peppermint
camphor, or menthol, obtained from the oil of peppermint.
Camphor oil (Chem.), name variously given to certain oil-like
products, obtained especially from the camphor tree. -- Camphor tree,
a large evergreen tree (Cinnamomum Camphora) with lax, smooth branches
and shining triple-nerved lanceolate leaves, probably native in China,
but now cultivated in most warm countries. Camphor is collected by a
process of steaming the chips of the wood and subliming the product.
Camphor
Cam"phor (?), v. t. To impregnate or wash with camphor; to camphorate.
[R.] Tatler.
Camphoraceous
Cam`pho*ra"ceous (?), a. Of the nature of camphor; containing camphor.
Dunglison.
Camphorate
Cam"phor*ate (?), v. t. To impregnate or treat with camphor.
Camphorate
Cam"phor*ate (?), n. [Cf. F. camphorate.] (Chem.) A salt of camphoric
acid.
Camphorate, Camporated
Cam"phor*ate (?), Cam"por*a`ted (?),Combined or impregnated with
camphor. Camphorated oil, an oleaginous preparation containing
camphor, much used as an embrocation.
Camphoric
Cam*phor"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. camphorique.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to,
or derived from, camphor. Camphoric acid, a white crystallizable
substance, C10H16O4, obtained from the oxidation of camphor.
NOTE: &hand; Ot her ac id of camphor are campholic acid, C10H18O2,
and camphoronic acid, C9H12O5, white crystallizable substances.
Camphretic
Cam*phret"ic (?), a. [rom Camphor.] Pertaining to, or derived from
camphor. [R.]
Camping
Camp"ing (?), n.
1. Lodging in a camp.
2. [See Camp, n., 6] A game of football. [Prov. Eng.]
Campion
Cam"pi*on (?), n. [Prob. fr. L. campus field.] (Bot.) A plant of the
Pink family (Cucubalus bacciferus), bearing berries regarded as
poisonous. Bladder campion, a plant of the Pink family (Cucubalus
Behen or Silene inflata), having a much inflated calyx. See Behen. --
Rose campion, a garden plant (Lychnis coronaria) with handsome
crimsome crimson flowers.
Campus
Cam"pus (?), n. [L., a field.] The principal grounds of a college or
school, between the buildings or within the main inclosure; as, the
college campus.
Campylospermous
Cam`py*lo*sper"mous (?), a. [Gr. (Bot.) Having seeds grooved
lengthwise on the inner face, as in sweet cicely.
Campylotropous
Cam`py*lot"ro*pous (?), a. [Gr. (Bot.) Having the ovules and seeds so
curved, or bent down upon themselves, that the ends of the embryo are
brought close together.
Camus
Cam"us (?), n. See Camis. [Obs.]
Camwood
Cam"wood (?), n. See Barwood.
Can
Can (?), an obs. form of began, imp. & p. p. of Begin, sometimes used
in old poetry.
NOTE: [See Gan.]
With gentle words he can faile gree. Spenser.
Can
Can, n. [OE. & AS. canne; akin to D. Kan, G. Kanne, OHG. channa, Sw.
Kanna, Dan. kande.]
1. A drinking cup; a vessel for holding liquids. [Shak. ]
Fill the cup and fill can, Have a rouse before the morn. Tennyson.
2. A vessel or case of tinned iron or of sheet metal, of various
forms, but usually cylindrical; as, a can of tomatoes; an oil can; a
milk can.
NOTE: &hand; A ca n ma y be a cy linder op en at the top, as for
receiving the sliver from a carding machine, or with a removable
cover or stopper, as for holding tea, spices, milk, oysters, etc.,
or with handle and spout, as for holding oil, or hermetically
sealed, in canning meats, fruits, etc. The name is also sometimes
given to the small glass or earthenware jar used in canning.
Can
Can (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Canned (?); p. pr. &vb. n. Canning.] To
preserve by putting in sealed cans [U. S.] "Canned meats" W. D.
Howells. Canned goods, a general name for fruit, vegetables, meat, or
fish, preserved in hermetically sealed cans.
Can
Can (?), v. t. & i.
NOTE: [The transitive use is obsolete.]
[imp. Could (#).] [OE. cunnen, cannen (1st sing. pres. I can), to
know, know how, be able, AS. cunnan, 1st sing. pres. ic cann or can,
pl. cunnon, 1st sing. imp. c\'d4\'ebe (for cun\'ebe); p. p. c\'d4\'eb
(for cun\'eb); akin to OS. Kunnan, D. Kunnen, OHG. chunnan, G.
k\'94nnen, Icel. kunna, Goth. Kunnan, and E. ken to know. The present
tense I can (AS. ic cann) was originally a preterit, meaning I have
known or Learned, and hence I know, know how. \'fb45. See Ken, Know;
cf. Con, Cunning, Uncouth.]
1. To know; to understand. [Obs.]
I can rimes of Rodin Hood. Piers Plowman.
I can no Latin, quod she. Piers Plowman.
Let the priest in surplice white, That defunctive music can. Shak.
2. To be able to do; to have power or influence. [Obs.]
The will of Him who all things can. Milton.
For what, alas, can these my single arms? Shak.
M\'91c\'91nas and Agrippa, who can most with C\'91sar. Beau. & Fl.
3. To be able; -- followed by an infinitive without to; as, I can go,
but do not wish to. Syn. -- Can but, Can not but. It is an error to
use the former of these phrases where the sens requires the latter. If
we say, "I can but perish if I go," "But" means only, and denotes that
this is all or the worst that can happen. When the apostle Peter said.
"We can not but speak of the things which we have seen and heard." he
referred to a moral constraint or necessety which rested upon him and
his associates; and the meaning was, We cannot help speaking, We
cannot refrain from speaking. This idea of a moral necessity or
constraint is of frequent occurrence, and is also expressed in the
phrase, "I can not help it." Thus we say. "I can not but hope," "I can
not but believe," "I can not but think," "I can not but remark," etc.,
in cases in which it would be an error to use the phrase can but.
Yet he could not but acknowledge to himself that there was
something calculated to impress awe, . . . in the sudden
appearances and vanishings . . . of the masque De Quincey.
Tom felt that this was a rebuff for him, and could not but
understand it as a left-handed hit at his employer. Dickens.
Canaanite
Ca"naan*ite (?), n.
1. A descendant of Canaan, the son of Ham, and grandson of Noah.
2. A Native or inbabitant of the land of Canaan, esp. a member of any
of the tribes who inhabited Canaan at the time of the exodus of the
Israelites from Egypt.
Canaanite
Ca"naan*ite, n. [From an Aramaic word signifying "zeal."] A zealot.
"Simon the Canaanite." Matt. x. 4.
NOTE: &hand; Th is wa s th e "S imon called Zelotes" (Luke vi. 15),
i.e., Simon the zealot.
Kitto.
Canaanitish
Ca"naan*i`tish (?), a. Of or pertaining to Canaan or the Canaanites.
Ca\'a4ada
Ca*\'a4a"da (?), n. [Sp.] A small ca\'a4on; a narrow valley or glen;
also, but less frequently, an open valley. [Local, Western U. S.]
Canada
Can"a*da (?), n. A British province in North America, giving its name
to various plants and animals. Canada balsam. See under Balsam. --
Canada goose. (Zo\'94l.) See Whisky Jack. -- Canada lynx. (Zo\'94l.)
See Lynx. -- Canada porcupine (Zo\'94l.) See Porcupine, and Urson. --
Canada rice (Bot.) See under Rick. -- Canada robin (Zo\'94l.), the
cedar bird.
Canadian
Ca*na"di*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Canada. -- n. A native or
inhabitant of Canada. Canadian period (Geol.), A subdivision of the
American Lower Silurian system embracing the calciferous, Quebec, and
Chazy epochs. This period immediately follows the primordial or
Cambrian period, and is by many geologists regarded as the beginning
of the Silurian age, See the Diagram, under Geology.
Canaille
Ca*naille" (?), n. [F. canaille (cf. It. canaglia), prop. and orig. a
pack of dogs, fr. L. Canis dog.]
1. The lowest class of people; the rabble; the vulgar.
2. Shorts or inferior flour. [Canadian]
Canakin
Can"a*kin (?), n. [Dim. of can.] A little can or cup. "And let me the
canakin clink." Shak.
Canal
Ca*nal" (?), n. [F. canal, from L. canalis canal, channel; prob. from
a root signifying "to cut"; cf. D. kanaal, fr. the French. Cf.
Channel, Kennel gutter.]
1. An artificial channel filled with water and designed for
navigation, or for irrigating land, etc.
2. (Anat.) A tube or duct; as, the alimentary canal; the semicircular
canals of the ear.
Canal boat, a boat for use on a canal; esp. one of peculiar shape,
carrying freight, and drawn by horses walking on the towpath beside
the canal. Canal lock. See Lock.
Canal coal
Can"al coal` (?). See Cannel coal.
Canaliculate, Canaliculated
Can`a*lic"u*late (?), Can`a*lic"u*la`ted (?), a. [L. canaliculatus
channeled, fr. canaliculus, dim. of canalis. See Canal.] Having a
channel or groove, as in the leafstalks of most palms.
Canaliculus
Can`a*lic"u*lus (?), n.; pl. Canaliculi (#). [L.] (Anat.) A minute
canal.
Canalization
Ca*nal`i*za"tion (?), n. Construction of, or furnishing with, a canal
or canals. [R.]
Canard
Ca*nard" (?), n. [F., properly, a duck.] An extravagant or absurd
report or story; a fabricated sensational report or statement; esp.
one set afloat in the newspapers to hoax the public.
Canarese
Can`a*rese" (?), a. Pertaining to Canara, a district of British India.
Canary
Ca*na"ry (?), a. [F. Canarie, L. Canaria insula one of the Canary
islands, said to be so called from its large dogs, fr. canis dog.]
1. Of or pertaining to the Canary Islands; as, canary wine; canary
birds.
2. Of a pale yellowish color; as, Canary stone.
Canary grass, a grass of the genus Phalaris (P. Canariensis),
producing the seed used as food for canary birds. -- Canary stone
(Min.), a yellow species of carnelian, named from its resemblance in
color to the plumage of the canary bird. -- Canary wood, the beautiful
wood of the trees Persea Indica and P. Canariensis, natives of Madeira
and the Canary Islands. -- Canary vine. See Canary bird flower, under
Canary bird.
Canary
Ca*na"ry, n.; pl. Canaries (#).
1. Wine made in the Canary Islands; sack. "A cup of canary." Shak.
2. A canary bird.
3. A pale yellow color, like that of a canary bird.
4. A quick and lively dance. [Obs.]
Make you dance canary With sprightly fire and motion. Shak.
Canary
Ca*na"ry (?), v. i. To perform the canary dance; to move nimbly; to
caper. [Obs.]
But to jig of a tune at the tongue's end, canary to it with your
feet. Shak.
Canary bird
Ca*na"ry bird` (?). (Zo\'94l.) A small singing bird of the Finch
family (Serinus Canarius), a native of the Canary Islands. It was
brought to Europe in the 16th century, and made a household pet. It
generally has a yellowish body with the wings and tail greenish, but
in its wild state it is more frequently of gray or brown color. It is
sometimes called canary finch.<-- and canary. -->
_________________________________________________________________
Page 209
Canary bird flower (Bot.), a climbing plant (Trop\'91olum peregrinum)
with canary-colored flowers of peculiar form; -- called also canary
vine.
Canaster
Ca*nas"ter (?), n. [Sp. canasta, canastro, basket, fr. L. canistrum.
See Canister.] A kind of tobacco for smoking, made of the dried
leaves, coarsely broken; -- so called from the rush baskets in which
it is packed in South America. McElrath.
Can buoy
Can" buoy` (?). See under Buoy, n.
Cancan
Can"can (?), n. [F.] A rollicking French dance, accompanied by
indecorous or extravagant postures and gestures.
Cancel
Can"cel (?), v. i. [Imp. & p. p. Canceled OR Cancelled (; p. pr. & vb.
n. Canceling OR Cancelling.] [L. cancellare to make like a lattice, to
strike or cross out (cf. Fr. canceller, OF. canceler) fr. cancelli
lattice, crossbars, dim. of cancer lattice; cf. Gr. Chancel.]
1. To inclose or surround, as with a railing, or with latticework.
[Obs.]
A little obscure place canceled in with iron work is the pillar or
stump at which . . . our Savior was scourged. Evelyn.
2. To shut out, as with a railing or with latticework; to exclude.
[Obs.] "Canceled from heaven." Milton.
3. To cross and deface, as the lines of a writing, or as a word or
figure; to mark out by a cross line; to blot out or obliterate.
A deed may be avoided by delivering it up to be cancelled; that is,
to have lines drawn over it in the form of latticework or cancelli;
the phrase is now used figuratively for any manner of obliterating
or defacing it. Blackstone.
4. To annul or destroy; to revoke or recall.
The indentures were canceled. Thackeray.
He was unwilling to cancel the interest created through former
secret services, by being refractory on this occasion. Sir W.
Scott.
5. (Print.) To suppress or omit; to strike out, as matter in type.
Canceled figures (Print), figures cast with a line across the face.,
as for use in arithmetics. Syn. -- To blot out; Obliterate; deface;
erase; efface; expunge; annul; abolish; revoke; abrogate; repeal;
destroy; do away; set aside. See Abolish.
Cancel
Can"cel, n. [See Cancel, v. i., and cf. Chancel.]
1. An inclosure; a boundary; a limit. [Obs.]
A prison is but a retirement, and opportunity of serious thoughts,
to a person whose spirit . . . desires no enlargement beyond the
cancels of the body. Jer. Taylor.
2. (Print) (a) The suppression on striking out of matter in type, or
of a printed page or pages. (b) The part thus suppressed.
Cancelier
Can`cel*ier" (?), v. i. [F. chanceler, OF. canseler, to waver, orig.
to cross the legs so as not to fall; from the same word as E. cancel.]
(Falconry) To turn in flight; -- said of a hawk. [Obs.] Nares.
He makes his stoop; but wanting breath, is forced To cancelier.
Massinger.
Cancelier, Canceleer
Can`cel*ier" (?), Can"cel*eer (?), n. (Falconry) The turn of a hawk
upon the wing to recover herself, when she misses her aim in the
stoop. [Obs.]
The fierce and eager hawks, down thrilling from the skies, Make
sundry canceliers are they the fowl can reach. Drayton.
Cancellarean
Can`cel*la"re*an (?), a. Cancellarean. [R.]
Cancellate
Can"cel*late (?), a. [L. cancellatus, p. p. of cancellare, See Cancel,
v. t.]
1. (Bot.) Consisting of a network of veins, without intermediate
parenchyma, as the leaves of certain plant; latticelike.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Having the surface coveres with raised lines, crossing
at right angles.
Cancellated
Can"cel*la`ted (?), a.
1. Crossbarres; marked with cross lines. Grew.
2. (Anat.) Open or spongy, as some porous bones.
Cancellation
Can`cel*la"tion (?), n. [L. cancellatio: cf. F. cancellation.]
1. The act, process, or result of canceling; as, the cansellation of
certain words in a contract, or of the contract itself.
2. (Math.) The operation of striking out common factora, in both the
dividend and divisor.
Cancelli
Can*cel"li (?), n. pl. [L., a lattice. See Cancel, v. t.]
1. An interwoven or latticed wall or inclosure; latticework, rails, or
crossbars, as around the bar of a court of justice, between the
chancel and the have of a church, or in a window.
2. (Anat.) The interlacing osseous plates constituting the elastic
porous tissue of certain parts of the bones, esp. in their articular
extremities.
Cancellous
Can"cel*lous (?), a. [Cf. L. cancellosus covered with bars.] (Anat.)
Having a spongy or porous stracture; made up of cancelli; cancellated;
as, the cancellous texture of parts of many bones.
Cancer
Can"cer (?), n. [L. cancer, cancri, crab, ulcer, a sign of the zodiac;
akin to Gr. karka crab, and prob. Skr. karkara hard, the crab being
named from its hard shell. Cf. Canner, Chancre.]
1. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of decapod Crustacea, including some of the most
common shore crabs of Europe and North America, as the rock crab,
Jonah crab, etc. See Crab.
2. (Astron.) (a) The fourth of the twelve signs of the zodiac. The
first point is the northern limit of the sun's course in summer;
hence, the sign of the summer solstice. See Tropic. (b) A northern
constellation between Gemini and Leo.
3. (Med.) Formerly, any malignant growth, esp. one attended with great
pain and ulceration, with cachexia and progressive emaciation. It was
so called, perhaps, from the great veins which surround it, compared
by the ancients to the claws of a crab. The term it now restricted to
such a growth made up of aggregations of epithelial cells, either
without support or embedded in the meshes of a trabecular framework.
NOTE: &hand; Fo ur ki nds of cancers are recognized: (1) Epithelial
cancer, or Epithelioma, in which there is no trabecular framework.
See Epithelioma. (2) Scirrhous cancer, or Hard cancer, in which the
framework predominates, and the tumor is of hard consistence and
slow growth. (3) Encephaloid, Medullary, or Soft cancer, in which
the cellular element predominates, and the tumor is soft, grows
rapidy, and often ulcerates. (4) Colloid cancer, in which the
cancerous structure becomes gelatinous. The last three varieties
are also called carcinoma.
Cancer cells, cells once believed to be peculiar to cancers, but now
know to be epithelial cells differing in no respect from those found
elsewhere in the body, and distinguished only by peculiarity of
location and grouping. -- Cancer root (Bot.), the name of several low
plants, mostly parasitic on roots, as the beech drops, the squawroot,
etc. -- Tropic of Cancer. See Tropic.
Cancerate
Can"cer*ate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Cancerated.] [LL. canceratus
eaten by a cancer. See Cancer.] To grow into a canser; to become
cancerous. Boyle.
Canceration
Can`cer*a"tion (?), n. The act or state of becoming cancerous or
growing into a cancer.
Cancerite
Can"cer*ite (?), n. [Cf. F. canc\'82reux.] Like a cancer; having the
qualities or virulence of a cancer; affected with cancer. "Cancerous
vices." G. Eliot. -- Can"cer*ous*ly, adv. -- Can"cer*ous*ness, n.
Cancriform
Can"cri*form (?), a. [Cancer + -form; cf. F. cancriforme.]
1. Having the form of, or resembling, a crab; crab-shaped.
2. Like a cancer; cancerous.
Cancrine
Can"crine (?), a. [From Cancer.] Having the qualities of a crab;
crablike.
Cancrinite
Can"cri*nite (?), n. [Named after Count Cancrin, a minister of finance
in Russia.] (Min.) A mineral occurring in hexagonal crystals, also
massive, generally of a yellow color, containing silica, alumina,
lime, soda, and carbon dioxide.
Cancroid
Can"croid (?), a. [Cancer + oid.]
1. (Zo\'94l.) Resembling a crab; pertaining to the Cancroidea, one of
the families of crabs, including the genus Cancer.
2. Like a cancer; as, a cancroid tumor.
Cand
Cand (?), n. Fluor spar. See Kand.
Candelabrum
Can`de*la"brum (?) n.; pl. L. Candelabra (#), E. Candelabrums (#).
[L., fr. candela candle. See candle.]
1. (Antiq.) (a) A lamp stand of any sort. (b) A highly ornamented
stand of marble or other ponderous material, usually having three
feet, -- frequently a votive offering to a temple.
2. A large candlestick, having several branches.
Candent
Can`dent (?), a. [L. candens, p. pr. of cand\'89re to glitter. See
Candid.] Heated to whiteness; glowing with heat. "A candent vessel."
Boyle.
Canderos
Can"de*ros (?), n. An East Indian resin, of a pellucid white color,
from which small ornaments and toys are sometimes made.
Candescence
Can*des"cence (?), n. See Inclandescence.
Candicant
Can"di*cant (?), a. [L. candicans, p. pr. of candicare to be whitish.]
Growing white. [Obs.] <-- #sic. glowing white? -->
Candid
Can*did (?), a. [F. candide (cf. It. candido), L. candidus white, fr.
cand\'89re to be of a glowing white; akin to accend, incend, to set on
fire, Skr. chand to shane. Cf. Candle, Incense.]
1. White. [Obs.]
The box receives all black; but poured from thence, The stones came
candid forth, the hue of innocence. Dryden.
2. Free from undue bias; disposed to think and judge according to
truth and justice, or without partiality or prejudice; fair; just;
impartial; as, a candid opinion. "Candid and dispassionate men." W.
Irving.
3. Open; frank; ingenuous; outspoken. Syn. -- Fair; open; ingenuous;
impartial; just; frank; artless; unbiased; equitable. -- Candid, Fair,
Open, Frank, Ingenuous. A man is fair when he puts things on a just or
equitable footing; he is candid when be looks impartially on both
sides of a subject, doing justice especially to the motives and
conduct of an opponent; he is open and frank when he declares his
sentiments without reserve; he is ingenuous when he does this from a
noble regard for truth. Fair dealing; candid investigation; an open
temper; a frank disposition; an ingenuous answer or declaration.
Candidacy
Can"di*da*cy (?), n. The position of a candidate; state of being a
candidate; candidateship.
Candidate
Can"di*date (?), n. [L. Candidatus, n. (because candidates for office
in Rome were clothed in a white toga.) fr. candidatus clothed in
white, fr. candiduslittering, white: cf. F. candidat.] One who offers
himself, or is put forward by others, as a suitable person or an
aspirant or contestant for an office, privilege, or honor; as, a
candidate for the office of governor; a candidate for holy orders; a
candidate for scholastic honors.
Candidateship
Can"di*date*ship, n. Candidacy.
Candidating
Can"di*da`ting (?), n. The taking of the position of a candidate;
specifically, the preaching of a clergyman with a view to settlement.
[Cant, U. S.]
Candidature
Can"di*da*ture (?), n. Candidacy.
Candidly
Can"did*ly (?), adv. In a candid manner.
Candidness
Can"did*ness, n. The quality of being candid.
Candied
Can"died (?), a. [From 1st Candy.]
1. Preserved in or with sugar; incrusted with a candylike substance;
as, candied fruits.
2. (a) Converted wholly or partially into sugar or candy; as candied
sirup. (b) Conted or more or less with sugar; as, candidied raisins.
(c) Figuratively; Honeyed; sweet; flattering.
Let the candied tongue lick absurd pomp. Shak.
3. Covered or incrusted with that which resembles sugar or candy.
Will the cold brook, Candiedwith ice, caudle thy morning tast?
Shak.
Candify
Can"di*fy (?), v. t. OR v. i. [L. candificare; cand\'89re to be white
+ -facere to make.] To make or become white, or candied. [R.]
Candiot
Can"di*ot (?), a. [Cf. F. candiote.] Of or pertaining to Candia;
Cretary.
Candite
Can"dite (?), n. (Min.) A variety of spinel, of a dark color, found at
Candy, in Ceylon.
Candle
Can"dle (?), n. [OE. candel, candel, AS, candel, fr. L. candela a
(white) light made of wax or tallow, fr. cand\'89re to be white. See
Candid, and cf. Chandler, Cannel, Kindle.]
1. A slender, cylindrical body of tallow, containing a wick composed
of loosely twisted linen of cotton threads, and used to furnish light.
How far that little candle throws his beams! So shines a good deed
in a naughty world. Shak.
NOTE: &hand; Ca ndles ar e us ually ma de by repeatedly dipping the
wicks in the melted tallow, etc. ("dipped candles"), or by casting
or running in a mold.
2. That which gives light; a luminary.
By these blessed candles of the night. Shak.
Candle nut, the fruit of a euphorbiaceous shrub (Aleurites triloba), a
native of some of the Pacific islands; -- socalled because, when dry,
it will burn with a bright flame, and is used by the natives as a
candle. The oil has many uses. -- Candle power (Photom.), illuminating
power, as of a lamp, or gas flame, reckoned in terms of the light of a
standard candle. Electric candle, A modification of the electric arc
lamp, in which the carbon rods, instead of being placed end to end,
are arranged side by side, and at a distance suitable for the
formation of the arc at the tip; -- called also, from the name of the
inventor, Jablockoff candle. -- Excommunication by inch of candle, a
form of excommunication in which the offender is allowed time to
repent only while a candle burns. -- Not worth the candle, not worth
the cost or trouble. -- Rush candle, a candle made of the pith of
certain rushes, peeled except on one side, and dipped in grease. --
Sale by inch of candle, an auction in which persons are allowed to bid
only till a small piece of candle burns out. -- Standard candle
(Photom.), a special form of candle employed as a standard in
photometric measurements; usually, a candle of spermaceti so
constructed as to burn at the rate of 120 grains, or 7.8 grams, per
hour. -- To curse by bell, book and candle. See under Bell.
Candleberry tree
Can"dle*ber`ry tree (?). (Bot.) A shrub (the Myrica cerifera, or
wax-bearing myrtle), common in North America, the little nuts of which
are covered with a greenish white wax, which was formerly, used for
hardening candles; -- also called bayberry tree, bayberry, or
candleberry.
Candlebomb
Can"dle*bomb` (#), n.
1. A small glass bubble, filled with water, which, if placed in the
flame of a candle, bursts by expansion of steam.
2. A pasteboard shell used in signaling. It is filled with a
composition which makes a brilliant light when it explodes. Farrow.
Candle coal
Can"dle coal` (#). See Cannel coal.
Candlefish
Can"dle*fish` (#), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A marine fish (Thaleichthys
Pacificus), allied to the smelt, found on the north Pacific coast; --
called also eulachon. It is so oily that, when dried, it may be used
as a candle, by drawing a wick through it. (b) The beshow.
Candleholder
Can"dle*hold`er (#), n. One who, or that which, holds a candle; also,
one who assists another, but is otherwise not of importance. Shak.
Candlelight
Can"dle*light`, n. The light of a candle.
Never went by candlelight to bed. Dryden.
Candlemas
Can"dle*mas (#), n. [AS. candelm\'91sse, candel candle _ m\'91sse
mass.] The second day of February, on which is celebrated the feast of
the Purification of the Virgin Mary; -- so called because the candles
for the altar or other sacred uses are blessed on that day.
Candlestick
Can"dle*stick` (?), n. [AS. candel-sticca; candel candle + sticca
stick.] An instrument or utensil for supporting a candle.
Candlewaster
Can"dle*wast`er (?), n. One who consumes candles by being up late for
study or dissipation.
A bookworm, a candlewaster. B. Jonson.
Candock
Can"dock (?) n. [Prob. fr. can + dock (the plant). Cf. G. kannenkraut
horsetail, lit. "canweed."] (Bot.) A plant or weed that grows in
rivers; a species of of Equisetum; also, the yellow frog lily (Nuphar
luteum).
Candor
Can"dor (?), n. [Written also candour.] [L. candor, fr. cand\'89re;
cf. F. candeur. See candid.]
1. Whiteness; brightness; (as applied to moral conditions) usullied
purity; innocence. [Obs.]
Nor yor unquestioned integrity Shall e'er be sullied with one taint
or spot That may take from your innocence and candor. Massinger.
2. A disposition to treat subjects with fairness; freedom from
prejudice or disguise; frankness; sincerity.
Attribute superior sagacity and candor to those who held that side
of the question. Whewell.
Candroy
Can"droy (?), n. A machine for spreading out cotton cloths to prepare
them for printing.
Candy
Can"dy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Candied (?); p. pr & vb. n. Candying.]
[F. candir (cf. It. candire, Sp. az\'a3car cande or candi), fr. Ar. &
Pers. qand, fr. Skr. Kha\'c9\'c8da piece, sugar in pieces or lumps,
fr. kha\'c9\'c8, kha\'c8 to break.]
1. To conserve or boil in sugar; as, to candy fruits; to candy ginger.
2. To make sugar crystals of or in; to form into a mass resembling
candy; as, to candy sirup.
3. To incrust with sugar or with candy, or with that which resembles
sugar or candy.
Those frosts that winter brings Which candy every green. Drayson.
_________________________________________________________________
Page 210
Candy
Can"dy (?), v. i.
1. To have sugar crystals form in or on; as, fruits preserved in sugar
candy after a time.
2. To be formed into candy; to solidify in a candylike form or mass.
Candy
Can"dy n. [F. candi. See Candy, v. t.] A more or less solid article of
confectionery made by boiling sugar or molasses to the desired
consistency, and than crystallizing, molding, or working in the
required shape. It is often flavored or colored, and sometimes
contains fruit, nuts, etc.
Candy
Candy, n. [Mahratta kha\'c9\'c8\'c6, Tamil ka\'c9\'c8i.] A weight, at
Madras 500 pounds, at Bombay 560 pounds.
Candytuft
Can"dy*tuft` (?), n. (Bot.) An annual plant of the genus Iberis,
cultivated in gardens. The name was originally given to the I.
umbellata, first, discovered in the island of Candia.
Cane
Cane (?), n. [OE. cane, canne, OF. cane, F. canne, L. canna, fr. Gr.
q\'beneh reed. Cf. Canister, canon, 1st Cannon.]
1. (Bot.) (a) A name given to several peculiar palms, species of
Calamus and D\'91manorops, having very long, smooth flexible stems,
commonly called rattans. (b) Any plant with long, hard, elastic stems,
as reeds and bamboos of many kinds; also, the sugar cane. (c) Stems of
other plants are sometimes called canes; as, the canes of a raspberry.
Like light canes, that first rise big and brave. B. Jonson.
NOTE: &hand; In th e So uthern Un ited St ates gr eat ca ne is the
Arundinaria macrosperma, and small cane is. A. tecta.
2. A walking stick; a staff; -- so called because originally made of
one the species of cane.
Stir the fire with your master's cane. Swift.
3. A lance or dart made of cane. [R.]
Judgelike thou sitt'st, to praise or to arraign The flying skirmish
of the darted cane. Dryden.
4. A local European measure of length. See Canna.
Cane borer (Zo\'94.), A beetle (Oberea bimaculata) which, in the
larval state, bores into pith and destroy the canes or stalks of the
raspberry, blackberry, etc. -- Cane mill, a mill for grinding sugar
canes, for the manufacture of sugar. -- Cane trash, the crushed stalks
and other refuse of sugar cane, used for fuel, etc.
Cane
Cane (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Caned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Caning.]
1. To beat with a cane. Macaulay.
2. To make or furnish with cane or rattan; as, to cane chairs.
Canebrake
Cane"brake (?), n. A thicket of canes. Ellicott.
Caned
Caned (?), a. [Cf. L. canus white.] Filled with white flakes; mothery;
-- said vinegar when containing mother. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
Canella
Ca*nel"la (?), n. [LL. (OE. canel, canelle, cinnamon, fr. F.
cannelle), Dim. of L. canna a reed. Canella is so called from the
shape of the rolls of prepared bark. See Cane.] (Bot.) A genus of
trees of the order Canellace\'91, growing in the West Indies.
NOTE: &hand; The principal species is Canella alba, and its bark is
a spice and drug exported under the names of wild cinnamon and
whitewood bark.
Canescent
Ca*nes"cent (?), a. [L. canescens, p. pr. of canescere, v. inchoative
of canere to be white.] Growing white, or assuming a color approaching
to white.
Can hook
Can" hook` (?). A device consisting of a short rope with flat hooks at
each end, for hoisting casks or barrels by the ends of the staves.
Cannicula
Can*nic"u*la (?), n. [L. canicula, lit., a little dog, a dim of canis
dog; cf. F. canicule.] (Astron.) The Dog Star; Sirius.
Canicular
Ca*nic"u*lar (?), a. [L. canicularis; cf. F. caniculaire.] Pertaining
to, or measured, by the rising of the Dog Star. Canicular days, the
dog days, See Dog days. -- Canicular year, the Egyptian year, computed
from one heliacal rising of the Dog Star to another.
Canicule
Can"i*cule (?), n. Canicula. Addison.
Caninal
Ca*ni"nal (?), a. See Canine, a.
Canine
Ca*nine" (?), a. [L. caninus, fr. canis dog: cf. F. canin. See Hound.]
1. Of or pertaining to the family Canid\'91, or dogs and wolves;
having the nature or qualities of a dog; like that or those of a dog.
2. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the pointed tooth on each side the
incisors.
Canine appetite, a morbidly voracious appetite; bulimia. -- Canine
letter, the letter r. See R. -- Canine madness, hydrophobia. -- Canine
toth, a toth situated between the incisor and bicuspid teeth, so
called because well developen in dogs; usually, the third tooth from
the front on each side of each jaw; an eyetooth, or the corresponding
tooth in the lower jaw.
Canine
Ca*nine", n. (Anat.) A canine tooth.
Canis
Ca"nis (?), n.; pl. Canes 3. [L., a dog.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of
carnivorous mammals, of the family Canid\'91, including the dogs and
wolves. Canis major [L., larger dog], a constellation to the southeast
of Orion, containing Sirius or the Dog Star. -- Canis minor [L.,
smaller dog], a constellation to the east of Orion, containing
Procyon, a star of the first magnitude.
Canister
Can"is*ter (?), n. [L. canistrum a basket woven from reeds Gr.
canistre. See Cane, and Canaster.]
1. A small basket of rushes, or wilow twigs, etc.
2. A small box or case for holding tea, coffee, etc.
3. (Mil.) A kind of case shot for cannon, in which a number of lead or
iron balls in layers are inclosed in a case fitting the gun; -- called
also canister shot,
Canker
Can"ker (?), n. [OE. canker, cancre, AS. cancer (akin to D. kanker,
OHG chanchar.), fr. L. cancer a cancer; or if a native word, cf. Gr.
cancre, F. chancere, fr. L. cancer. See cancer, and cf. Chancre.]
1. A corroding or sloughing ulcer; esp. a spreading gangrenous ulcer
or collection of ulcers in or about the mouth; -- called also water
canker, canker of the mouth, and noma.
2. Anything which corrodes, corrupts, or destroy.
The cankers of envy and faction. Temple.
3. (Hort.) A disease incident to trees, causing the bark to rot and
fall off.
4. (Far.) An obstinate and often incurable disease of a horse's foot,
characterized by separation of the horny portion and the development
of fungoid growths; -- usually resulting from neglected thrush.
5. A kind of wild, worthless rose; the dog-rose.
To put down Richard, that sweet lovely rose. And plant this thorm,
this canker, Bolingbroke. Shak.
Black canker. See under Black.
Canker
Can"ker (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cankered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Cankering.]
1. To affect as a canker; to eat away; to corrode; to consune.
No lapse of moons can canker Love. Tennyson.
2. To infect or pollute; to corrupt. Addison.
A tithe purloined canker the whole estate. Herbert.
Canker
Can"ker, v. i.
1. To waste away, grow rusty, or be oxidized, as a mineral. [Obs.]
Silvering will sully and canker more than gliding. Bacom.
2. To be or become diseased, or as if diseased, with canker; to grow
corrupt; to become venomous.
Deceit and cankered malice. Dryden.
As with age his body uglier grows, So his mind cankers. Shak.
Canker-bit
Can"ker-bit` (?), a. Eaten out by canker, or as by canker. [Obs.]
Canker bloom
Can"ker bloom` (?). The bloom or blossom of the wild rose or dog-rose.
Canker blossom
Can"ker blos`som (?). That which blasts a blossom as a canker does.
[Obs.]
O me! you juggler! you canker blossom! You thief of Love! Shak.
Cankered
Can"kered (?), a.
1. Affected with canker; as, a cankered mouth.
2. Affected mentally or morally as with canker; sore, envenomed;
malignant; fretful; ill-natured. "A cankered grandam's will." Shak.
Cankeredly
Can"kered*ly, adv. Fretfully; spitefully.
Canker fly
Can"ker fly` (?). A fly that preys on fruit.
Cankerous
Can"ker*ous (?), a. Affecting like a canker. "Canrerous shackles."
Thomson.
Misdeem it not a cankerous change. Wordsworth.
Canker rash
Can"ker rash" (?). (Med.) A form of scarlet fever characterized by
ulcerated or putrid sore throat.
Cankerworm
Can"ker*worm` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The larva of two species of geometrid
moths which are very injurious to fruit and shade trees by eating, and
often entirely destroying, the foliage. Other similar larv\'91 are
also called cankerworms.
NOTE: &hand; Th e au tumnal species (Anisopteryx pometaria) becomes
adult late in autumn (after frosts) and in winter. The spring
species (A. vernata) remains in the ground through the winter, and
matures in early spring. Both have winged males and wingless
females. The larv\'91 are similar in appearance and habits, and
beling to the family of measuring worms or spanworms. These
larv\'91 hatch from the eggs when the leaves being to expand in
spring.
Cankery
Can"ker*y (?), a.
1. Like a canker; full of canker.
2. Surly; sore; malignant.
Canna
Can"na (?), n. [It.] A measure of length in Italy, varying from six to
seven feet. See Cane, 4.
Canna
Can"na (?), n. [L., a reed. See Cane.] (Bot.) A genus of tropical
plants, with large leaves and often with showy flowers. The Indian
shot. (C. Indica) is found in gardens of the northern United States.
Cannabene
Can"na*bene (?), n. [From Cannabis.] (Chem.) A colorless oil obtained
from hemp dy distillation, and possessing its intoxicating properties.
Cannabin
Can"na*bin (?), n. (Chem.) A pisonous resin extracted from hemp
(Cannabis sativa, variety Indica). The narcotic effects of hasheesh
are due to this resin.
Cannabine
Can"na*bine (?), a. [L. cannabinus.] Pertaining to hemp; hempen. [R.]
Cannabis
Can"na*bis (?), n. [L., hemp. See Canvas.] (Bot.) A genus of a single
species belonging to the order Uricace\'91; hemp. Cannabis Indica (,
the Indian hemp, a powerful narcotic, now considered a variety of the
common hemp.
Cannel coal
Can"nel coal` (?). [Corrupt. fr. ndle coal.] A kind of mineral coal of
a black color, sufficiently hard and solid to be cut and polished. It
burns readily, with a clear, yellow flame, and on this account has
been used as a substitute for candles.
Cannery
Can"ner*y (?), n. A place where the business of canning fruit, meat,
etc., is carried on. [U. S.]
Cannibal
Can"ni*bal (?), n. [Cf. F. cannibale. Columbus, in a letter to the
Spanish monarchs written in Oct., 1498, mentions that the people of
Hayti lived in great fear of the Caribales (equivalent to E.
Caribbees.), the inhabitants of the smaller Antilles; which form of
the name was afterward changed into NL. Canibales, in order to express
more forcibly their character by a word intelligible through a Latin
root "propter rabiem caninam anthropophagorum gentis." The Caribbees
call themselves, in their own language. Calinago, Carinago,
Calliponam, and, abbreviated, Calina, signifying a brave, from which
Columbus formed his Caribales.] A human being that eats human flesh;
hence, any that devours its own kind. Darwin.
Cannibal
Can"ni*bal (?), a. Relating to cannibals or cannibalism. "Cannibal
terror." Burke.
Cannibalism
Can"ni*bal*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. cannibalisme.] The act or practice of
eating human flesh by mankind. Hence; Murderous cruelty; barbarity.
Berke.
Cannibally
Can"ni*bal*ly, adv. In the manner of cannibal. "An he had been
cannibally given." Shak.
Cannikin
Can"ni*kin (?), n. [Can + -kin.] A small can or drinking vessel.
Cannily
Can"ni*ly, adv. In a canny manner. [N. of Eng. & Scot.]
Canniness
Can"ni*ness, n. Caution; crafty management. [N. of Eng. & Scot.]
Cannon
Can"non (?), n.; pl.Cannons (#), collectively Cannon. [F. cannon, fr.
L. canna reed, pipe, tube. See Cane.]
1. A great gun; a piece of ordnance or artillery; a firearm for
discharging heavy shot with great force.
NOTE: &hand; Cannons are made of various materials, as iron, brass,
bronze, and steel, and of various sizes and shapes with respect to
the special service for which they are intended, as intended, as
siege, seacoast, naval, field, or mountain, guns. They always
aproach more or less nearly to a cylindrical from, being usually
thicker toward the breech than at the muzzle. Formerly they were
cast hollow, afterwards they were cast, solid, and bored out. The
cannon now most in use for the armament of war vessels and for
seacoast defense consists of a forged steel tube reinforced with
massive steel rings shrunk upon it. Howitzers and mortars are
sometimes called cannon. See Gun.
2. (Mech.) A hollow cylindrical piece carried by a revolving shaft, on
which it may, however, revolve independently.
3. (Printing.) A kind of type. See Canon.
Cannon ball, strictly, a round solid missile of stone or iron made to
be fired from a cannon, but now often applied to a missile of any
shape, whether solid or hollow, made for cannon. Elongated and
cylindrical missiles are sometimes called bolts; hollow ones charged
with explosives are properly called shells. -- Cannon bullet, a cannon
ball. [Obs.] -- Cannon cracker, a fire cracker of large size. --
Cannon lock, a device for firing a cannon by a percussion primer. --
Cannon metal. See Gun Metal. -- Cannon pinion, the pinion on the
minute hand arbor of a watch or clock, which drives the hand but
permits it to be moved in setting. -- Cannon proof, impenetrable by
cannon balls. -- Cannon shot. (a) A cannon ball. (b) The range of a
cannon.
Cannon
Can"non, n. & v. (Billiards) See Carom. [Eng.]
Cannonade
Can"non*ade" (?), n. [F. Canonnade; cf. It. cannanata.]
1. The act of discharging cannon and throwing ball, shell, etc., for
the purpose of destroying an army, or battering a town, ship, or fort;
-- usually, an attack of some continuance.
A furious cannonade was kept up from the whole circle of batteries
on the devoted towm. Prescott.
2. Fig.; A loud noise like a cannonade; a booming.
Blue Walden rolls its cannonade. Ewerson.
Cannonade
Can`non*ade", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cannonade; p. pr. & vb. n.
Cannonading.] To attack with heavy artillery; to batter with cannon
shot.
Cannonade
Can`non*ade", v. i. To discharge cannon; as, the army cannonaded all
day.
Cannon bone
Can"non bone (?). (Anat.) See Canon Bone.
Cannoned
Can"noned (, a. Furnished with cannon. [Poetic] "Gilbralter's cannoned
steep." M. Arnold.
Cannoneer, Cannonier
Can`non*eer", Can`non*ier" (?), n. [F. canonnier.] A man who manages,
or fires, cannon.
Cannonering
Can`non*er"ing, n. The use of cannon. Burke.
Cannonry
Can"non*ry (?), n. Cannon, collectively; artillery.
The ringing of bells and roaring of cannonry proclaimed his course
through the country. W. Irving.
Cannot
Can"not (?). [Can to be able _ -not.] Am, is, or are, not able; --
written either as one word or two.
Cannula
Can"nu*la (?), n. [L. cannula a small tube of dim. of canna a reed,
tube.] (Surg.) A small tube of metal, wood, or India rubber, used for
various purposes, esp. for injecting or withdrawing fluids. It is
usually associated with a trocar. [Written also canula.]
Cannular
Can"nu*lar (?), a. Having the form of a tube; tubular. [Written also
canular.]
Cannulated
Can"nu*la`ted (?), a. Hollow; affording a passage through its interior
length for wire, thread, etc.; as, a cannulated (suture) needle.
[Written also canulated.]
Canny, Cannei
Can"ny, Can"nei (?), a. [Cf. Icel. kenn skilled, learned, or E. canny.
Cf. Kenn.] [North of Eng. & Scot.]
1. Artful; cunning; shrewd; wary.
2. Skillful; knowing; capable. Sir W. Scott.
3. Cautious; prudent; safe.. Ramsay.
4. Having pleasing of useful qualities; gentle. Burns.
5. Reputed to have magical powers. Sir W. Scott.
No canny, not safe, not fortunate; unpropitious. [Scot.]
Canoe
Ca*noe" (?), n.; pl. Canoes (#). [Sp. canoa, fr. Caribbean can\'a0oa.]
1. A boat used by rude nations, formed of trunk of a tree, excavated,
by cutting of burning, into a suitable shape. It is propelled by a
paddle or paddles, or sometimes by sail, and has no rudder.
Others devised the boat of one tree, called the canoe. Raleigh.
2. A boat made of bark or skins, used by savages.
A birch canoe, with paddles, rising, falling, on the water.
Longfellow.
3. A light pleasure boat, especially designed for use by one who goes
alone upon long excursions, including portage. It it propelled by a
paddle, or by a small sail attached to a temporary mast.
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Canoe
Ca*noe" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Canoed (?) p. pr. & vb. n. Canoeing
(.] To manage a canoe, or voyage in a canoe.
Canoeing
Ca*noe"ing n. The act or art of using a canoe.
Canoeist
Ca*noe"ist (?), n. A canoeman.
Canoeman
Ca*noe"man, n.; pl. Canoemen (#). One who uses a canoe; one who
travels in a canoe.
Cabins and clearing greeted the eye of the passing canoeman.
Parkman.
Canon
Can"on (#), n. [OE. canon, canoun, AS. canon rule (cf. F. canon, LL.
canon, and, for sense 7, F. chanoine, LL. canonicus), fr. L. canon a
measuring line, rule, model, fr. Gr. Cane, and cf. Canonical.]
1. A law or rule.
Or that the Everlasting had not fixed His canon 'gainst
self-slaughter. Shak.
2. (Eccl.) A law, or rule of doctrine or discipline, enacted by a
council and confirmed by the pope or the sovereign; a decision,
regulation, code, or constitution made by ecclesiastical authority.
Various canons which were made in councils held in the second
centry. Hock.
3. The collection of books received as genuine Holy Scriptures, called
the sacred canon, or general rule of moral and religious duty, given
by inspiration; the Bible; also, any one of the canonical Scriptures.
See Canonical books, under Canonical, a.
4. In monasteries, a book containing the rules of a religious order.
5. A catalogue of saints sckowledged and canonized in the Roman
Catholic Church.
6. A member of a cathedral chapter; a person who possesses a prebend
in a cathedral or collegiate church.
7. (Mus.) A musical composition in which the voice begin one after
another, at regular intervals, succesively taking up the same subject.
It either winds up with a coda (tailpiece), or, as each voice
finishes, commences anew, thus forming a perpetual fugue or round. It
is the strictest form of imitation. See Imitation.
8. (Print.) The largest size of type having a specific name; -- so
called from having been used for printing the canons of the church.
9. The part of a bell by which it is suspended; -- called also ear and
shank.
NOTE: [See Illust. of Bell.]
Knight.
10. (Billiards) See Carom.
Apostolical canons. See under Apostolical. -- Augustinian canons,
Black canons. See under Augustinian. -- Canon capitular, Canon
residentiary, a resident member of a cathedral chapter (during a part
or the whole of the year). -- Canon law. See under Law. -- Canon of
the Mass (R. C. Ch.), that part of the mass, following the Sanctus,
which never changes. -- Honorary canon, a canon who neither lived in a
monastery, nor kept the canonical hours. -- Minor canon (Ch. of Eng.),
one who has been admitted to a chapter, but has not yet received a
prebend. -- Regular canon (R. C. Ch.), one who lived in a conventual
community and follower the rule of St. Austin; a Black canon. --
Secular canon (R. C. Ch.), one who did not live in a monastery, but
kept the hours.
Ca\'a4on
Ca*\'a4on" (?), n. [Sp., a tube or hollow, fr. ca\'a4a reed, fr. L.
canna. See Cane.] A deep gorge, ravine, or gulch, between high and
steep banks, worn by water courses. [Mexico & Western U. S.]
Canon bit
Can"on bit` (?). [F. canon, fr. L. canon a rule.] That part of a bit
which is put in a horse's mouth.
Canon bone
Can"on bone` (?). [F. canon, fr. L. canon a rule. See canon.] (Anat.)
The shank bone, or great bone above the fetlock, in the fore and hind
legs of the horse and allied animals, corresponding to the middle
metacarpal or metatarsal bone of most mammals. See Horse.
Canoness
Can"on*ess (?), n. [Cf. LL. canonissa.] A woman who holds a canonry in
a conventual chapter. Regular canoness, one bound by the poverty, and
observing a strict rule of life. -- Secular canoness, one allowed to
hold private property, and bound only by vows of chastity and
obedience so long as she chose to remain in the chapter.
Canonic, Cannonical
Ca*non"ic (?), Can*non"ic*al (?), a [L. cannonicus, LL. canonicalis,
fr. L. canon: cf. F. canonique. See canon.] Of or pertaining to a
canon; established by, or according to a , canon or canons. "The oath
of canonical obedience." Hallam. Canonical books, OR Canonical
Scriptures, those books which are declared by the canons of the church
to be of divine inspiration; -- called collectively the canon. The
Roman Catolic Church holds as canonical several books which
Protestants reject as apocryphal. -- Canonical epistles, an
appellation given to the epistles called also general or catholic. See
Catholic epistles, under Canholic. -- Canonical form (Math.), the
simples or most symmetrical form to which all functions of the same
class can be reduced without lose of generality. -- Canonical hours,
certain stated times of the day, fixed by ecclesiastical laws, and
appropriated to the offices of prayer and devotion; also, certain
portions of the Breviary, to be used at stated hours of the day. In
England, this name is also given to the hours from 8 a. m. to 3 p. m.
(formerly 8 a. m. to 12 m.) before and after which marriage can not be
legally performed in any parish church. -- Canonical letters, letters
of several kinds, formerly given by a dishop to traveling clergymam or
laymen, to show that they were entitled to receive the cammunion, and
to distinguish them from heretics. -- Canonical life, the method or
rule of living prescribed by the ancient cleargy who lived in
community; a course of living prescribed for the clergy, less rigid
that the monastic, and more restrained that the secular. -- Canonical
obedience, submission to the canons of a canons of a church,
especially the submission of the inferior cleargy to their bishops,
and of other religious orders to their supriors. -- Canonical
punishments, such as the church may inflict, as excommunication,
degradation, penance, etc. -- Canonical sins (Anc. Church.), those for
which capital punishment or puplic penance decreed by the canon was
inflicted, as idolatry, murder, adultery, heresy.
Canonically
Ca*non"ic*al*ly (?), adv. In a canonical manner; according to the
canons.
Canonicalness
Ca*non"ic*al*ness, n. The quality of being canonical; canonicity. Bp.
Burnet.
Canonicals
Ca*non"ic*als (?), n. pl. The dress prescribed by canon to be worn by
a clergyman when oficiating. Sometimes, any distinctive professional
dress. Full canonicals, the complete costume of an officiating
clergyman or ecclesiastic.
Canonicate
Ca*non"i*cate (?), n. [LL. canonucatus canonical: cf. F. canonicat.]
The office of a canon; a canonry.
Canonicity
Can`on*ic"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. canonicit\'82.] The state or quality of
being canonical; agreement with the canon.
Canonist
Can"on*ist, n. [Cf. F. canoniste.] A professor of canon law; one
skilled in the knowledge and practice of ecclesiastical law. South.
Canonistic
Can`on*is"tic (?), a. Of or pertaining to a canonist. "This canonistic
exposition." Milton.
Canonization
Can`on*i*za"tion (?), n. [F. canonisation.]
1. (R. C. Ch.) The final process or decree (following beatifacation)
by which the name of a deceased person is placed in the catalogue
(canon) of saints and commended to perpetual veneration and
invocation.
Canonization of saints was not known to the Christian church titl
toward the middle of the tenth century. Hoock.
2. The state of being canonized or sainted.
Canonize
Can"on*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Canonized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Canonizing.] [F. canoniser or LL. canonizare, fr. L. canon.. See
Canon.]
1. (Eccl.) To declare (a deceased person) a saint; to put in the
catalogue of saints; as, Thomas a Becket was canonized.
2. To glorify; to exalt to the highest honor.
Fame in time to come canonize us. Shak.
2. To rate as inspired; to include in the canon.[R.]
Canonry
Can"on*ry (?), n. pl. Canonries (. A benefice or prebend in a
cathedral or collegiate church; a right to a place in chapter and to a
portion of its revenues; the dignity or emoluments of a canon.
Canonship
Can"on*ship (?), a. Of pertaining to Canopus in egypt; as, the Canopic
vases, used in embalming.
Canopus
Ca*no"pus (?), n. [L. Canopus, fr. Gr. (Astron.) A star of the first
magnitude in the southern constellation Argo.
Canopy
Can"o*py (?), n.; pl. Canopies (#). [Oe. canopie, F. canop\'82sofa, Of
canop\'82e, canopeu, canopieu, canopy, vail, pavilion (cf. It.
canep\'8acanopy, sofa), LL. canopeum a bed with mosquito curtains, fr.
Gr. Cone, and Optic.]
1. A covering fixed over a bed, dais, or the like, or carried on poles
over an exalted personage or a sacred object, etc. chiefly as a mark
of honor. "Golden canoniec and beds of state." Dryden.
2. (Arch.) (a) An ornamental projection, over a door, window, niche,
etc. (b) Also, a roofike covering, supported on pilars over an altar,
a statue, a fountain, etc.
Canopy
Can"o*py, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Canopes (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Canopying.]
To cover with, or as with, a canopy. "A bank with ivy canopied."
Milton.
Canorous
Ca*no"rous (?), a. [L. canorus, from nor melody, fr. canere to sing.]
Melodious; musical. "Birds that are most canorous." Sir T. Browne.
A long, lound, and canorous peal of laughter. De Quincey.
Canorousness
Ca*no"rous*ness, n. The quality of being musical.
He chooses his language for its rich canorousness. Lowell.
Canstick
Can"stick` (?), n. Candlestick. [Obs.] Shak.
Cant
Cant (?), n. [OF., edge, angle, prof. from L. canthus the iron ring
round a carriage wheel, a wheel, Gr. cant the stake or tire of a
wheel. Cf. Canthus, Canton, Cantle.]
1. A corner; angle; niche. [Obs.]
The first and principal person in the temple was Irene, or Peace;
she was placed aloft in a cant. B. Jonson.
2. An outer or external angle.
3. An inclination from a horizontal or vertical line; a slope or
bevel; a titl. Totten.
4. A sudden thrust, push, kick, or other impulse, producing a bias or
change of direction; also, the bias or turn so give; as, to give a
ball a cant.
5. (Coopering) A segment forming a side piece in the head of a cask.
Knight.
6. (Mech.) A segment of he rim of a wooden cogwheel. Knight.
7. (Naut.) A piece of wood laid upon athe deck of a vessel to support
the bulkneads.
Cant frames, Cant timbers (Naut.), timber at the two ends of a ship,
rising obliquely from the keel.
Cant
Cant, v. t. [imp & p. p. Canted; p. pr. & vb. N. Canting.]
1. To incline; to set at an angle; to titl over; to tip upon the edge;
as, to cant a cask; to cant a ship.
2. To give a sudden turn or new direction to; as, to cant round a
stick of timber; to cant a football.
3. To cut off an angle from, as from a square piece of timber, or from
the head of a bolt.
Cant
Cant, n. [Prob. from OF. cant, F. chant, singing, in allusion to the
singing or whining tine of voice used by beggars, fr. L. cantus. See
Chant.]
1. An affected, singsong mode of speaking.
2. The idioms and peculiarities of speech in any sect, class, or
occupation. Goldsmith.
The cant of any profession. Dryden.
3. The use of religious phraseology without understanding or
sincerity; empty, solemn speech, implying what is not felt; hypocrisy.
They shall hear no cant fromF. W. Robertson
4. Vulgar jargon; slang; the secret language spoker by gipsies,
thieves. tramps, or beggars.
Cant
Cant (?), a. Of the nature of cant; affected; vulgar.
To introduce and multiply cant words in the most ruinous corruption
in any language. Swift.
Cant
Cant, v. i.
1. To speak in a whining voice, or an affected, sinsong tone.
2. To make whining pretensions to goodness; to talk with an
affectation of religion, philanthropy, etc.; to practice hypocrisy;
as, a canting fanatic.
The rankest rogue that ever canted. Beau. & Fl.
3. To use pretentious language, barbarous jargon, or technical termes;
to talk with an affectation of learning.
The doctor here, When he discqurseth of dissection, Of vena cava
and of vena porta, The meser\'91um and the mesentericum, What does
he else but cant. B. Jonson
That uncouth affected garb of speech, or canting hanguage, if I may
so call it. Bp. Sanderson.
Cant
Cant, n. [Prob. from OF. cant, equiv. to L. quantum; cf. F. encan, fr.
L. in quantum, i.e. "for how much?"] A all for bidders at a public
sale; an auction. "To sell their leases by cant." Swift.
Cant
Cant, v. t. to sell by auction, or bid a price at a sale by auction.
[Archaic] Swift.
Can't
Can't (?). A colloquial contraction for can not.
Cantab
Can"tab (?), n. [Abbreviated from Cantabrigian.] A Cantabrigian.
[Colloq.] Sir W. Scott.
Cantabile
Can*ta"bi*le (?), a. [It., cantare to sing.] (Mus.) In a melodious,
flowing style; in a singing style, as opposed to bravura, recitativo,
or parlando.
Cantabile
Can*ta"bi*le, n. (Mus.) A piece or pessage, whether vocal or
instrumental, pecuilarly adapted to singing; -- sometimes called
cantilena.
Cantabrian
Can*ta"bri*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Cantabria on the Bay of
Biscay in Spain.
Cantabrigian
Can`ta*brig"i*an (?), n. A native or resident of Cambridge; esp. a
student or graduate of the university of Cambridge, England.
Cantalever
Can"ta*lev`er (?), n. [Can an extermal angle + lever a supported of
the roof timber of a house.] [Written also cantaliver and cantilever.]
1. (Arch.) A bracket to support a balcony, a cornice, or the like.
2. (Engin.) A projecting beam, truss, or bridge unsupported at the
outer end; one which overhangs.
Cantalever bridge, a bridge in which the principle of the cantalever
is applied. It is usually a trussed bridge, composed of two portions
reaching out from opposite banks, and supported near the middle of
their own length on piers which they overhang, thus forming
cantalevers which meet over the space to be spanned or sustain a third
portion, to complete the connection.
Cantaloupe
Can"ta*loupe (?), n. [F. cantaloup, It. cantalupo, so called from the
caste of Cantalupo, in the Marca d'Ancona, in Italy, where they were
first grown in Europe, from seed said to have been imported from
Armenia.] A muskmelon of several varieties, having when mature, a
yellowish skin, and flesh of a reddish orange color. [Written also
cantaleup.]
Cantankerous
Can*tan"ker*ous (?), a. Perverse; contentious; ugly; malicious.
[Colloq.] -- Can*tan"ker*ous*ly, adv. -- Can*tan"ker*ous*ness, n.
The cantankerous old maiden aunt. Theckeray.
Cantar, Cantarro
Can"tar (?), Can*tar"ro (?), n. [It. cantaro (in sense 1), Sp. cantaro
(in sense 2).]
1. A weight used in southern Europe and East for heavy articles. It
varies in different localities; thus, at Rome it is nearly 75 pounds,
in Sardinia nearly 94 pounds, in Cairo it is 95 pounds, in Syria about
503 pounds.
2. A liquid measure in Spain, ranging from two and a half to four
gallons. Simmonds.
Cantata
Can*ta"ta (?), n. [It., fr. cantare to sing, fr. L. cantare intens of
canere to sing.] (Mus.) A poem set to music; a musical composition
comprising choruses, solos, interludes, etc., arranged in a somewhat
dramatic manner; originally, a composition for a single noise,
consisting of both recitative and melody.
Cantation
Can*ta"tion (?), n. [L. cantatio.] A singing. [Obs.] Blount.
Cantatory
Cant"a*to*ry (?), a. Caontaining cant or affectation; whining;
singing. [R.]
Cantatrice
Can`ta*tri"ce (?), n. [It.] (Mus.) A female professional singer.
Canted
Cant"ed (?), a. [From 2d Cant.]
1. Having angles; as, a six canted bolt head; a canted window.
Canted column (Arch.), a column polygonal in plan.
2. Inclined at an angle to something else; tipped; sloping.
Canteen
Can*teen" (?), n. [F. cantine bottle case, canteen (cf. Sp. & It.
cantina cellar, bottle case), either contr. fr. It. canovettina, dim.
of canova cellar, or, more likely, fr. OF. cant. corner, It. & Sp.
canto. See 1st Cant.] (Mil.)
1. A vessel used by soldiers for carrying water, liquor, or other
drink. [Written also cantine..]
NOTE: &hand; In the English service the canteen is made of wood and
holds three pints; in the United States it is usually a tin flask.
2. The sulter's shop in a garrison; also, a chest containing culinary
and other vessels for officers.
Cantel
Can"tel (?), n. See Cantle.
Canter
Can"ter (?), n. [An abbreviation of Caner bury. See Canterbury gallop,
under Canterbury.]
1. A moderate and easy gallop adapted to pleasure riding.
NOTE: &hand; Th e ca nter is a thoroughly artificial pace, at first
extremely tiring to the horse, and generally only to be produced in
him by the restraint of a powerful bit, which compels him to throw
a great part of his weight on his haunches . . . There is so great
a variety in the mode adopted by different horses for performing
the canter, that no single description will suffice, nor indeed is
it easy . . . to define any one of them.
J. H. Walsh.
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Page 212
2. A rapid or easy passing over.
A rapid canter in the Times over all the topics. Sir J. Stephen.
Canter
Can"ter (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Cantered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Cantering.] To move in a canter.
Canter
Can"ter, v. t. To cause, as a horse, to go at a canter; to ride (a
horse) at a canter.
Canter
Cant"er, n.
1. One who cants or whines; a beggar.
2. One who makes hypocritical pretensions to goodness; one who uses
canting language.
The day when he was a canter and a rebel. Macaulay.
Canterbury
Can"ter*bur*y (?), n.
1. A city in England, giving its name various articles. It is the seat
of the Archbishop of Canterbury (primate of all England), and contains
the shrine of Thomas \'85 Becket, to which pilgrimages were formerly
made.
2. A stand with divisions in it for holding music, loose papers, etc.
Canterbury ball (Bot.), a species of Campanula of several varietes,
cultivated for its handsome bell-shaped flowers. -- Canterbury gallop,
a gentle gallop such as was used by pilgrims riding, to Canterbury; a
canter. -- Canterbury table, one of the tales which Chaucer puts into
the mouths of certain pilgrims to Canterbury. Hence, any tale told by
travelers pass away the time.
Cantharidal
Can*thar"*i*dal (?), a. Of or pertaining to cantharides or made of
cantharides; as, cantharidal plaster.
Cantharides
Can*thar"i*des (?), n. pl. See cantharis.
Cantharidin
Can*thar"i*din (?), n. (Chem.) The active principe of the cantharis,
or Spanish fly, a volatile, acrid, bitter solid, crystallizing in
four-sided prisms.
Cantharis
Can"tha*ris (?), n.; pl. Cantharides (#). [L., a kind of beetle, esp.
the Spanish fly, Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A beetle (Lytta, OR Cantharis,
vesicatoria), having an elongated cylindrical body of a brilliant
green color, and a nauseous odor; the blister fly or blister beetle,
of the apothecary; -- also called Spanish fly. Many other species of
Lytta, used for the same purpose, take the same name. See Blister
beetle, under Blister. The plural form in usually applied to the dried
insects used in medicine.
Cant hook
Cant" hook` (?). A wooden lever with a movable iron hook. hear the
end; -- used for canting or turning over heavy logs, etc. [U. S.]
Bartlett.
Canthoplasty
Can"tho*plas`ty (?), n. [Gr. (Surg.) The operation of forming a new
canthus, when one has been destroyed by injury or disease.
Canthus
Can"thus (?), n.; pl. Canthi (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) The corner
where the upper and under eyelids meet on each side of the eye.
Canticle
Can"ti*cle (?), n.; pl. Canticles (#). [L. canticulum a little song,
dim. of canticum song, fr. cantus a singing, fr. coner to sing. See
Chant.]
1. A song; esp. a little song or hymn. [Obs.] Bacon.
2. pl. The Song of Songs or Song of Solomon, one of the books of the
Old Testament.
3. A canto or division of a poem [Obs.] Spenser.
4. A psalm, hymn, or passage from the Bible, arranged for chanting in
church service.
Canticoy
Can"ti*coy (?), n. [Of American Indian origin.] A social gathering;
usually, one for dancing.
Cantile
Can"tile (?), v. i. Same as Cantle, v. t.
Cantilena
Can`ti*le"na (?), n. [It. & L.] (Mus.) See Cantabile.
Cantilever
Can"ti*lev`er (?), n. Same as Cantalever.
Cantillate
Can"til*late (?), v. i. [L. cantillatus, p. p. of cantillare to sing
low, dim. of cantare. See Cantata.] To chant; to recite with musical
tones. M. Stuart.
Cantillation
Can`til*la"tion (?), n. A chanting; recitation or reading with musical
modulations.
Cantine
Can*tine" (?), n. See Canteen.
Canting
Cant"ing (?), a. Speaking in a whining tone of voice; using technical
or religious terms affectedly; affectedly pious; as, a canting rogue;
a canting tone. - Cant"ing*ly, adv. -- Cant"ing*ness, n. Canting arms,
Canting heraldry (Her.), bearings in the nature of a rebus alluding to
the name of the bearer. Thus, the Castletons bear three castles, and
Pope Adrian IV. (Nicholas Breakspeare) bore a broken spear.
Canting
Cant"ing, n. The use of cant; hypocrisy.
Cantiniere
Can`ti*niere" (?), n. [F., fr. cantine a sutler's shop, canteen.]
(Mil) A woman who carries a canteen for soldiers; a vivandi\'8are.
Cantion
Can"tion (?), n. [L. cantio, from canere to sing.] A song or verses.
[Obs.] Spenser.
Cantle
Can"tle (?), n. [OF. cantel, chantel, corner, side, piece, F. chanteau
a piece cut from a larger piece, dim. of OF. cant edge, corner. See
1st Cant.]
1. A corner or edge of anything; a piece; a fragment; a part. "In one
cantle of his law." Milton.
Cuts me from the best of all my land A huge half moon, a monstrous
cantle out. Shak.
2. The upwardly projecting rear part of saddle, opposite to the
pommel. [Written also cante.]
Cantle
Can"tle, v. t. To cut in pieces; to cut out from. [Obs.] [Written also
cantile.]
Cantlet
Cant"let (?), n. [Dim. of cantle.] A piece; a fragment; a corner.
Dryden.
Canto
Can"to (?), n.; pl. Cantos (#). [It. canto, fr. L. cantus singing,
song. See Chant.]
1. One of the chief divisions of a long poem; a book.
2. (Mus.) The highest vocal part; the air or melody in choral music;
anciently the tenor, now the soprano.
Canto fermo ( [It.] (Mus.), the plain ecclesiastical chant in
cathedral service; the plain song.
Canton
Can"ton (?), n. A song or canto [Obs.]
Write loyal cantons of contemned love. Shak.
Canton
Can"ton, n. [F. canton, augm. of OF. cant edge, corner. See 1st Cant.]
1. A small portion; a division; a compartment.
That little canton of land called the "English pale" Davies.
There is another piece of Holbein's, . . . in which, in six several
cantons, the several parts of our Savior's passion are represented.
Bp. Burnet.
2. A small community or clan.
3. A small territorial district; esp. one of the twenty-two
independent states which form the Swiss federal republic; in France, a
subdivision of an arrondissement. See Arrondissement.
4. (Her.) A division of a shield occupying one third part of the
chief, usually on the dexter side, formed by a perpendicular line from
the top of the shield, meeting a horizontal line from the side.
The king gave us the arms of England to be borne in a canton in our
arms. Evelyn.
Canton
Can"ton, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Cantoned ; p. pr. & vb. n. Cantoning.]
[Cf. F.cantonner.]
1. To divide into small parts or districts; to mark off or separate,
as a distinct portion or division.
They canton out themselves a little Goshen in the intellectual
world. Locke.
2. (Mil.) To allot separate quarters to, as to different parts or
divisions of an army or body of troops.
Cantonal
Can"ton*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a canton or cantons; of the
nature of a canton.
Canton crape
Can"ton crape" (?). A soft, white or colored silk fabric, of a gauzy
texture and wavy appearance, used for ladies' scarfs, shawls, bonnet
trimmings, etc.; -- called also Oriental crape. De Colange.
Cantoned
Can"toned (?), a.
1. (Her.) Having a charge in each of the four corners; -- said of a
cross on a shield, and also of the shield itself.
2. (Arch.) Having the angles marked by, or decorated with, projecting
moldings or small columns; as, a cantoned pier or pilaster.
Canton flannel
Can"ton flan"nel (?). See Cotton flannel.
Cantonize
Can"ton*ize (?), v. i. To divide into cantons or small districts.
Cantonment
Can"ton*ment (?), n. [Cf. F. cantonnement.] A town or village, or part
of a town or village, assigned to a body of troops for quarters;
temporary shelter or place of rest for an army; quarters.
NOTE: &hand; Wh en troops are sheltered in huts or quartered in the
houses of the people during any suspension of hostilities, they are
said to be in cantonment, or to be cantoned. In India, permanent
military stations, or military towns, are termed cantonments.
Cantoon
Can*toon" (?), n. A cotton stuff showing a fine cord on one side and a
satiny surface on the other.
Cantor
Can"tor (?), n. [L., a singer, fr. caner to sing.] A singer; esp. the
leader of a church choir; a precentor.
The cantor of the church intones the Te Deum. Milman.
Cantoral
Can"tor*al (?), a. Of or belonging to a cantor. Cantoral staff, the
official staff or baton of a cantor or precentor, with which time is
marked for the singers.
Cantoris
Can*to"ris (?), a. [L., lit., of the cantor, gen. of cantor.] Of or
pertaining to a cantor; as, the cantoris side of a choir; a cantoris
stall. Shipley.
Cantrap, Cantrip
Can"trap (?), Can"trip (?), n. [Cf. Icel. gandar, ODan. & OSw. gan,
witchcraft, and E. trap a snare, tramp.] A charm; an incantation; a
shell; a trick; adroit mischief. [Written also cantraip.] [Scot.]
Cantred, Cantref
Can"tred (?), Can"tref, n. [W. cantref; cant hundred + tref dwelling
place, village.] A district comprising a hundred villages, as in
Wales. [Written also kantry.]
Canty
Can"ty (?), a. Cheerful; sprightly; lively; merry. "The canty dame."
Wordsworth [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]
Contented with little, and canty with mair. Burns.
Canuck
Ca*nuck" (?), n.
1. A Canadian. [Slang]
2. A small or medium-sized hardy horse, common in Canada. [Colloq.]
Canula, n., Canular, a., Canulated
Can"u*la (?), n., Can"u*lar (?), a., Can"u*la`ted (?), a. See Cannula,
Cannular, and Cannulated.
Canvas
Can"vas (?), n. [OE. canvas, canevas, F. canevas, LL. canabacius
hempen cloth, canvas, L. cannabis hemp, fr. G. Hemp.]
1. A strong cloth made of hemp, flax, or cotton; -- used for tents,
sails, etc.
By glimmering lanes and walls of canvas led. Tennyson.
2. (a) A coarse cloth so woven as to form regular meshes for working
with the needle, as in tapestry, or worsted work. (b) A piece of
strong cloth of which the surface has been prepared to receive
painting, commonly painting in oil.
History . . . does not bring out clearly upon the canvas the
details which were familiar. J. H. Newman.
3. Something for which canvas is used: (a) A sail, or a collection of
sails. (b) A tent, or a collection of tents. (c) A painting, or a
picture on canvas.
To suit his canvas to the roughness of the see. Goldsmith.
Light, rich as that which glows on the canvas of Claude. Macaulay.
4. A rough draft or model of a song, air, or other literary or musical
composition; esp. one to show a poet the measure of the verses he is
to make. Grabb.
Canvas
Can"vas, a. Made of, pertaining to, or resembling, canvas or coarse
cloth; as, a canvas tent.
Canvasback
Can"vas*back` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A Species of duck (Aythya
vallisneria), esteemed for the delicacy of its flesh. It visits the
United States in autumn; particularly Chesapeake Bay and adjoining
waters; -- so named from the markings of the plumage on its back.
Canvass
Can"vass (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. canvassed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Canvassing.] [OF. Canabasser to examine curiously, to search or sift
out; properly, to sift through canvas. See Canvas, n.]
1. To sift; to strain; to examine thoroughly; to scrutinize; as, to
canvass the votes cast at an election; to canvass a district with
reference to its probable vote.
I have made careful search on all hands, and canvassed the matter
with all possible diligence. Woodward.
2. To examine by discussion; to debate.
An opinion that we are likely soon to canvass. Sir W. Hamilton.
3. To go trough, with personal solicitation or public addresses; as,
to canvass a district for votes; to canvass a city for subscriptions.
Canvass
Can"vass, v. i. To search thoroughly; to engage in solicitation by
traversing a district; as, to canvass for subscriptions or for votes;
to canvass for a book, a publisher, or in behalf of a charity; --
commonly followed by for.
Canvass
Can"vass, n.
1. Close inspection; careful review for verification; as, a canvass of
votes. Bacon.
2. Examination in the way of discussion or debate.
3. Search; exploration; solicitation; systematic effort to obtain
votes, subscribers, etc.
No previous canvass was made for me. Burke.
Canvasser
Can"vass*er (?), n. One who canvasses.
Cany
Can"y (?), a. [From Cane.] Of or pertaining to cane or canes;
abounding with canes. Milton.
Canyon
Can"yon (?), n. The English form of the Spanish word Ca\'a4on.
Canzone
Can*zo"ne (?), n. [It., a song, fr. L. cantio, fr. canere to sing. Cf.
Chanson, Chant.] (Mus.) (a) A song or air for one or more voices, of
Proven\'87al origin, resembling, though not strictly, the madrigal.
(b) An instrumental piece in the madrigal style.
Canzonet
Can`zo*net" (?), n. [It. canzonetta, dim. of canzone.] (Mus.) A short
song, in one or more parts.
Caoutchin
Caout"chin (?), n. (Chem.) An inflammable, volatile, oily, liquid
hydrocarbon, obtained by the destructive distillation of caoutchouc.
Caoutchouc
Caout"chouc (?), n. [F. caoutchouc, from the South American name.] A
tenacious, elastic, gummy substance obtained from the milky sap of
several plants of tropical South America (esp. the euphorbiaceous tree
Siphonia elastica or Hevea caoutchouc), Asia, and Africa. Being
impermeable to liquids and gases, and not readly affected by exposure
to air, acids, and alkalies, it is used, especially when vulcanized,
for many purposes in the arts and in manufactures. Also called India
rubber (because it was first brought from India, and was formerly used
chiefly for erasing pencil marks) and gum elastic. See Vulcanization.
Mineral caoutchouc. See under Mineral.
Caoutchoucin
Caout"chou*cin (?), n. See Caoutchin.
Cap
Cap (?), n. [OE. cappe, AS. c\'91ppe, cap, cape, hood, fr. LL, cappa,
capa; perhaps of Iberian origin, as Isidorus of Seville mentions it
first: "Capa, quia quasi totum capiat hominem; it. capitis
ornamentum." See 3d Cape, and cf. 1st Cope.]
1. A covering for the head; esp. (a) One usually with a visor but
without a brim, for men and boys; (b) One of lace, muslin, etc., for
women, or infants; (c) One used as the mark or ensign of some rank,
office, or dignity, as that of a cardinal.
2. The top, or uppermost part; the chief.
Thou art the cap of all the fools alive. Shak.
3. A respectful uncovering of the head.
He that will give a cap and make a leg in thanks. Fuller.
4. (Zo\'94l.) The whole top of the head of a bird from the base of the
bill to the nape of the neck.
5. Anything resembling a cap in form, position, or use; as: (a)
(Arch.) The uppermost of any assemblage of parts; as, the cap of
column, door, etc.; a capital, coping, cornice, lintel, or plate. (b)
Something covering the top or end of a thing for protection or
ornament. (c) (Naut.) A collar of iron or wood used in joining spars,
as the mast and the topmast, the bowsprit and the jib boom; also, a
covering of tarred canvas at the end of a rope. (d) A percussion cap.
See under Percussion. (e) (Mech.) The removable cover of a journal
box. (f) (Geom.) A portion of a spherical or other convex surface.
6. A large size of writing paper; as, flat cap; foolscap; legal cap.
Cap of a cannon, a piece of lead laid over the vent to keep the
priming dry; -- now called an apron. -- Cap in hand, obsequiously;
submissively. -- Cap of liberty. See Liberty cap, under Liberty. --
Cap of maintenance, a cap of state carried before the kings of England
at the coronation. It is also carried before the mayors of some
cities. -- Cap money, money collected in a cap for the huntsman at the
death of the fox. -- Cap paper. (a) A kind of writing paper including
flat cap, foolsap, and legal cap. (b) A coarse wrapping paper used for
making caps to hold commodities. Cap rock (Mining), The layer of rock
next overlying ore, generally of barren vein material. -- Flat cap,
cap See Foolscap. -- Forage cap, the cloth undress head covering of an
officer of soldier. -- Legal cap, a kind of folio writing paper, made
for the use of lawyers, in long narrow sheets which have the fold at
the top or "narrow edge." -- To set one's cap, to make a fool of one.
(Obs.) Chaucer. -- To set one's cap for, to try to win the favor of a
man with a view to marriage. [Colloq.]
Cap
Cap (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Capped (; p. pr. & vb. n. Capping.]
1. To cover with a cap, or as with a cap; to provide with a cap or
cover; to cover the top or end of; to place a cap upon the proper part
of; as, to cap a post; to cap a gun.
The bones next the joint are capped with a smooth cartilaginous
substance. Derham.
2. To deprive of cap. [Obs.] Spenser.
3. To complete; to crown; to bring to the highest point or
consummation; as, to cap the climax of absurdity.
4. To salute by removing the cap. [Slang. Eng.]
Tom . . . capped the proctor with the profoundest of bows.
Thackeray.
5. To match; to mate in contest; to furnish a complement to; as, to
cap text; to cap proverbs. Shak.
Now I have him under girdle I'll cap verses with him to the end of
the chapter. Dryden.
NOTE: &hand; In ca pping ve rses, wh en one quotes a verse another
must cap it by quoting one beginning with the last letter of the
first letter, or with the first letter of the last word, or ending
with a rhyming word, or by applying any other arbitrary rule may be
agreed upon.
Cap
Cap, v. i. To uncover the head respectfully. Shak.
Capability
Ca`pa*bil"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Capabilities (#).
1. The quality of being capable; capacity; capableness; esp.
intellectual power or ability.
A capability to take a thousand views of a subject. H. Taylor.
2. Capacity of being used or improved.
Capable
Ca"pa*ble (?), a. [F. capable, LL. capabilis capacious, capable, fr.
L. caper to take, contain. See Heave.]
1. Possessing ability, qualification, or susceptibility; having
capacity; of sufficient size or strength; as, a room capable of
holding a large number; a castle capable of resisting a long assault.
Concious of jou and capable of pain. Prior.
2. Possessing adequate power; qualified; able; fully competent; as, a
capable instructor; a capable judge; a mind capable of nice
investigations.
More capable to discourse of battles than to give them. Motley.
3. Possessing legal power or capacity; as, a man capable of making a
contract, or a will.
4. Capacious; large; comprehensive. [Obs.] Shak.
NOTE: &hand; Ca pable is us ually fo llowed by of, sometimes by an
infinitive.
Syn. -- Able; competent; qualified; fitted; efficient; effective;
skillful.
Capableness
Ca"pa*ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being capable; capability;
adequateness; competency.
Capacify
Ca*pac"i*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Capacified (?).] [L. capax,
-acis, capacious + -fy.] To quality. [R.]
The benefice he is capacified and designed for. Barrow.
Capacious
Ca*pa"cious (?), a. [L. capaz, -acis, fr. capere to take. See Heave.]
1. Having capacity; able to contain much; large; roomy; spacious;
extended; broad; as, a capacious vessel, room, bay, or harbor.
In the capacious recesses of his mind. Bancroft.
2. Able or qualified to make large views of things, as in obtaining
knowledge or forming designs; comprehensive; liberal. "A capacious
mind." Watts.
Capaciosly
Ca*pa"cios*ly, adv. In a capacious manner or degree; comprehensively.
Capaciousness
Ca*pa"cious*ness, n. The quality of being capacious, as of a vessel, a
reservoir a bay, the mind, etc.
Capacitate
Ca*pac"i*tate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Capacitated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Capacitating.] To render capable; to enable; to qualify.
By thih instruction we may be capaciated to observe those errors.
Dryden.
Capacity
Ca*pac"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Capacities (#) [L. capacitus, fr. capax,
capacis; fr. F. capacit\'82. See Capacious.]
1. The power of receiving or containing; extent of room or space;
passive power; -- used in reference to physical things.
Had our great palace the capacity To camp this host, we all would
sup together. Shak.
The capacity of the exhausted cylinder. Boyle.
2. The power of receiving and holding ideas, knowledge, etc.; the
comprehensiveness of the mind; the receptive faculty; capability of
undestanding or feeling.
Capacity is now properly limited to these [the mere passive
operations of the mind]; its primary signification, which is
literally room for, as well as its employment, favars this;
although it can not be dented that there are examples of its usage
in an active sense. Sir W. Hamilton.
3. Ability; power pertaining to, or resulting from, the possession of
strength, wealth, or talent; possibility of being or of doing.
The capacity of blessing the people. Alex. Hamilton.
A cause with such capacities endued. Blackmore.
4. Outward condition or circumstances; occupation; profession;
character; position; as, to work in the capacity of a mason or a
carpenter.
5. (Law) Legal or noral qualification, as of age, residence,
character, etc., necessary for certain purposes, as for holding
office, for marrying, for making contracts, will, etc.; legal power or
right; competency.
Capacity for heat, the power of absorbing heat. Substances differ in
the amount of heat requisite to raise them a given number of
thermometric degrees, and this difference is the measure of, or
depends upon, whzt is called their capacity for heat. See Specific
heat, under Heat. Syn. -- Ability; faculty; talent; capability; skill;
efficiency; cleverness. See Ability.
Capape
Cap`*a*pe" (?), adv. See Cap-a-pie. Shak.
Capapie
Cap`*a*pie" (?), adv. [OF. (cap-a-pie, from head to foot, now de pied
en cap from foot to head; L. per foot + caput head.] From head to
foot; at all points. "He was armed cap-a-pie." Prescott.
Caparison
Ca*par"i*son (?), n. [F. capara, fr. Sp. caparazon a cover for a
saddle, coach, etc.; capa cloak, cover (fr. LL. capa, cf. LL. caparo
also fr. capa) + the term. azon. See Cap.]
1. An ornamental covering or housing for a horse; the harness or
trappings of a horse, taken collectively, esp. when decorative.
Their horses clothed with rich caparison. Drylen.
2. Gay or rich clothing.
My heart groans beneath the gay caparison. Smollett.
Caparison
Ca*par"i*son, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Caparisoned (?) p. pr. & vb. n.
Caparisoning.] [Cf. F capara\'87onner.]
1. To cover with housings, as a horse; to harness or fit out with
decorative trappings, as a horse.
The steeds, caparisoned with purple, stand. Dryden.
2. To aborn with rich dress; to dress.
I am caparisoned like a man. Shak.
Caparro
Ca*par"ro (?), n. [Native Indian name.] (Zo\'94l.) A large South
American monkey (Lagothrix Humboldtii), with prehensile tail.
Capcase
Cap"case` (?), n. A small traveling case or bandbox; formerly, a
chest.
A capcase for your linen and your plate. Beau. & Fl.
Cape
Cape (?), n. [F. cap, fr. It. capo head, cape, fr. L. caput heat, end,
point. See Chief.] A piece or point of land, extending beyind the
adjacent coast into the sea or a lake; a promonotory; a headland. Cape
buffalo (Zo\'94l.) a large and powerful buffalo of South Africa
(Bubalus Caffer). It is said to be the most dangerous wild beast of
Africa. See Buffalo, 2. -- Cape jasmine, Cape jassamine. See Jasmine.
-- Cape pigeon (Zo\'94l.), a petrel (Daptium Capense) common off the
Cape of Good Hope. It is about the size of a pigeon. -- Cape wine,
wine made in South Africa [Eng.] -- The Cape, the Cape of Good Hope,
in the general sense of southern extremity of Africa. Also used of
Cape Horn, and, in New England, of Cape Cod.
Cape
Cape, v. i. (Naut.) To head or point; to keep a course; as, the ship
capes southwest by south.
Cape
Cape, n. [OE. Cape, fr. F. cape; cf. LL. cappa. See Cap, and cf. 1st
Cope, Chape.] A sleeveless garment or part of a garment, hanging from
the neck over the back, arms, and shoulders, but not reaching below
the hips. See Cloak.
Cape
Cape, v. i. [See Gape.] To gape. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Capel, Caple
Ca"pel (?), Ca"ple (?), n. [Icel. kapall; cf. L. caballus.] A horse; a
nag. [Obs.] Chaucer. Holland.
Capel
Ca"pel (?), n. (Mining) A composite stone (quartz, schorl, and
hornlende) in the walls of tin and copper lodes.
Capelan
Cap"e*lan (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Capelin.
Capelin
Cape"lin (?), n. [Cf. F. capelan, caplan.] (Zo\'94l.) A small marine
fish (Mallotus villosus) of the family Salmonid\'91, very abundant on
the coasts of Greenland, Iceland, Newfoundland, and Alaska. It is used
as a bait for the cod. [Written also capelan and caplin.]
NOTE: &hand; Th is fi sh, wh ich is like a smelt, is called by the
Spaniards anchova, and by the Portuguese capelina.
Fisheries of U. S. (1884).
Cappeline
Cap"pe*line` (?), n. [F., fr. LL. capella. See Chapel.] (Med.) A
hood-shaped bandage for the head, the shoulder, or the stump of an
amputated limb.
Capella
Ca*pel"la (?), n. [L., a little goet, dim. of caper a goat.] (Asrton.)
A brilliant star in the constellation Auriga.
Capellane
Cap"el*lane (?), n. [See Chaplain.] The curate of a chapel; a
chaplain. [Obs.] Fuller.
Capelle
Ca*pel"le (?), n. [G.] (Mus.) The private orchestra or band of a
prince or of a church.
Capellet
Cap"el*let (?), n. [F. capelet.] (Far.) A swelling, like a wen, on the
point of the elbow (or the heel of the hock) of a horse, caused
probably by bruises in lying dowm.
Capellmeister
Ca*pell"meis`ter (?), n. [G., fr. capelle chapel, private band of a
prince + meister a master.] The musical director in royal or ducal
chapel; a choirmaster. [Written also kepellmeister.]
Caper
Ca"per (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Capered p. pr. & vb. n. capering.]
[From older capreoll to caper, cf. F. se cabrer to prance; all
ultimately fr. L. caper, capra, goat. See Capriole.] To leap or jump
about in a sprightly manner; to cut capers; to skip; to spring; to
prance; to dance.
He capers, he dances, he has eyes of youth. Shak.
Caper
Ca"per, n. A frolicsome leap or spring; a skip; a jump, as in mirth or
dancing; a prank. To cut a caper, to frolic; to make a sportive
spring; to play a prank. Shak.
Caper
Ca"per, n. [D. kaper.] A vessel formerly used by the Dutch, privateer.
Wright.
Caper
Ca"per, n. [F. c\'83pre, fr. L. capparis, Gr. al-kabar.]
1. The pungent grayish green flower bud of the European and Oriental
caper (Capparis spinosa), much used for pickles.
2. (Bot.) A plant of the genus Capparis; -- called also caper bush,
caper tree.
NOTE: &hand; Th e Ca pparis sp inosa is a low prickly shrub of the
Mediterranean coasts, with trailing branches and brilliant flowers;
-- cultivated in the south of Europe for its buds. The C. sodada is
an almost leafless spiny shrub of central Africa (Soudan), Arabia,
and southern India, with edible berries.
Bean caper. See Bran caper, in the Vocabulary. -- Caper sauce, a kind
of sauce or catchup made of capers.
Caperberry
Ca"per*ber`ry (?), n.
1. The small olive-shaped berry of the European and Oriental caper,
said to be used in pickles and as a condiment.
2. The currantlike fruit of the African and Arabian caper (Capparis
sodado).
Caper bush, Caper tree
Ca"per bush` (?), Ca"per tree` (?).See Capper, a plant, 2.
Capercailzie, or Capercally
Ca"per*cail`zie (?), or Ca"per*cal`ly (?), n. [Gael, capulcoile.]
(Zo\'94l.) A species of grouse (Tetrao uragallus) of large size and
fine flavor, found in northern Europe and formerly in Scotland; --
called also cock of the woods. [Written also capercaillie,
capercaili.]
Caperclaw
Ca"per*claw` (?), v. t. To treat with cruel playfulness, as a cat
treats a mouse; to abuse. [Obs.] Birch.
Caperer
Ca"per*er (?), n. One who capers, leaps, and skips about, or dances.
The nimble capperer on the cord. Dryden.
Capful
Cap"ful (?), n.; pl. Capfuls (. As much as will fill a cap. A capful
of wind (Naut.), a light puff of wind.
Capias
Ca"pi*as (?), n. [L. thou mayst take.] (Low) A writ or process
commanding the officer to take the body of the person named in it,
that is, to arrest him; -- also called writ of capias.
NOTE: &hand; On e pr incipal ki nd of ca pias is a writ by which
actions at law are frequently commenced; another is a writ of
execution issued after judgment to satisfy damages recovered; a
capias in criminal law is the process to take a person charged on
an indictment, when he is not in custody. Burrill. Wharton.
Capibara
Ca`pi*ba"ra (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Capybara.
Capillaceous
Cap`il*la"ceous (?), a. [L. capillaceus hairy, fr. capillus hair.]
Having long filaments; resembling a hair; slender. See Capillary.
Capillaire
Cap`il*laire" (?), n. [F. capillaire maiden-hair; sirop de capillaire
capillaire; fr. L. herba capillaris the maidenhair.]
1. A sirup prepared from the maiden-hair, formerly supposed to have
medicinal properties.
2. Any simple sirup flavored with orange flowers.
Capillament
Ca*pil"la*ment (?), n. [L. capillamentum, fr. capillus hair: cf. F.
capillament.]
1. (Bot.) A filament. [R.]
2. (Anat.) Any villous or hairy covering; a fine fiber or filament, as
of the nerves.
Capillariness
Cap"il*la*ri*ness (?), n. The quality of being capillary.
Capillarity
Cap`il*lar"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. capillarit\'82.]
1. The quality or condition of being capillary.
2. (Physics) The peculiar action by which the surface of a liquid,
where it is in contact with a solid (as in a capillary tube), is
elevated or depressed; capillary attraction.
NOTE: &hand; Capillarity depends upon the relative attaction of the
modecules of the liquid for each other and for those of the solid,
and is especially observable in capillary tubes, where it
determines the ascent or descent of the liquid above or below the
level of the liquid which the tube is dipped; -- hence the
name\'3c-- it is especially important in certain plants, to allow
flow of water from the roots --\'3e.
Capillary
Cap"il*la*ry (?), a. [L. capillaris, fr. capillus hair. Cf.
Capillaire.]
1. Resembling a hair; fine; minute; very slender; having minute tubes
or interspaces; having very small bore; as, the capillary vessels of
animals and plants.
2. Pertaining to capillary tubes or vessels; as, capillary action.
Capillary attraction, Capillary repulsion, the apparent attraction or
repulsion between a soild and liquid caused bycapillarity. See
Capillarity, and Attraction. -- Capillarity tubes. See the Note under
Capillarity.
Capillary
Cap"il*la*ry, n.; pl., Capillaries (.
1. A tube or vessel, extremely fine or minute.
2. (Anat.) A minute, thin-walled vessel; particularly one of the
smallest blood vessels connecting arteries and veins, but used also
for the smallest lymphatic and biliary vessels.
Capillation
Cap`il*la"tion (?), n. [L. capillatie the hair.] A capillary blood
vessel. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
Capillature
Ca*pil"la*ture (?), n. [L. capillatura.] A bush of hair; frizzing of
the hair. Clarke.
Capilliform
Ca*pil"li*form (?), a. [L. capillus hair + -form.] In the shape or
form of, a hair, or of hairs.
Capillose
Cap"il*lose` (?), a. [L. capillosus.] Having much hair; hairy. [R.]
Capistrate
Ca*pis"trate (?), a. [L. capistratus, p. p. of capistrare halter.]
(Zo\'94l.) Hooded; cowled.
Capital
Cap"i*tal (?), a. [F. capital, L. capitalis capital (in senses 1 & 2),
fr. caput head. See Chief, and cf. Capital, n.]
1. Of or pertaining to the head. [Obs.]
Needs must the Serpent now his capital bruise Expect with mortal
pain. Milton.
2. Having reference to, or involving, the forfeiture of the head or
life; affecting life; punishable with death; as, capital trials;
capital punishment.
Many crimes that are capital among us. Swift.
To put to death a capital offender. Milton.
3. First in importance; chief; principal.
A capital article in religion Atterbury.
Whatever is capital and essential in Christianity. I. Taylor.
4. Chief, in a political sense, as being the seat of the general
government of a state or nation; as, Washington and Paris are capital
cities.
5. Of first rate quality; excellent; as, a capital speech or song.
[Colloq.]
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Capital letter [F, lettre capitale] (Print.), a leading or heading
letter, used at the beginning of a sentence and as the first letter of
certain words, distinguished, for the most part, both by different
form and larger size, from the small (lower-case) letters, which form
the greater part of common print or writing. -- Small capital letters
have the form of capital letters and height of the body of the
lower-case letters. -- Capital stock, money, property, or stock
invested in any business, or the enterprise of any corporation or
institution. Abbott. Syn. -- Chief; leading; controlling; prominent.
Capital
Cap"i*tal (?), n. [Cf. L. capitellum and Capitulum, a small head, the
head, top, or capital of a column, dim. of caput head; F. chapiteau,
OF. capitel. See Chief, and cf. Cattle, Chattel, Chapiter, Chapter.]
1. (Arch.) The head or uppermost member of a column, pilaster, etc. It
consists generally of three parts, abacus, bell (or vase), and
necking. See these terms, and Column.
2. [Cf. F. capilate, fem., sc. ville.] (Geog.) The seat of government;
the chief city or town in a country; a metropolis. "A busy and
splendid capital" Macauly.
3. [Cf. F. capital.] Money, property, or stock employed in trade,
manufactures, etc.; the sum invested or lent, as distinguished from
the income or interest. See Capital stock, under Capital, a.
4. (Polit. Econ.) That portion of the produce of industry, which may
be directly employed either to support human beings or to assist in
production. M'Culloch.
NOTE: &hand; Wh en wealth is used to assist production it is called
capital. The capital of a civilized community includes fixed
capital (i.e. buildings, machines, and roads used in the course of
production and exchange) amd circulating capital (i.e., food, fuel,
money, etc., spent in the course of production and exchange).
T. Raleing.
5. Anything which can be used to increase one's power or influence.
He tried to make capital out of his rival's discomfiture. London
Times.
6. (Fort.) An imaginary line dividing a bastion, ravelin, or other
work, into two equal parts.
7. A chapter, or section, of a book. [Obs.]
Holy St. Bernard hath said in the 59th capital. Sir W. Scott.
8. (Print.) See Capital letter, under Capital, a.
Active capital. See under Active, -- Small capital (Print.), a small
capital letter. See under Capital, a. -- To live on one's capital, to
consume one's capital without producing or accumulating anything to
replace it.
Capitalist
Cap"i*tal*ist, n. [Cf. F. capitaliste.] One who has capital; one who
has money for investment, or money invested; esp. a person of large
property, which is employed in business.
The expenditure of the capitalist. Burke.
Capitalization
Cap"i*tal*i*za`tion (?), n. The act or process of capitalizing.
Capitalize
Cap"i*tal*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Capitalized (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Capitalizing.]
1. To convert into capital, or to use as capital.
2. To compute, appraise, or assess the capital value of (a patent
right, an annuity, etc.)
3. To print in capital letters, or with an initial capital.
Capitally
Cap*i*tal*ly, adv.
1. In a way involving the forfeiture of the head or life; as, to
punish capitally.
2. In a capital manner; excellently. [Colloq.]
Capitalness
Cap"i*tal*ness, n. The quality of being capital; preeminence. [R.]
Capitan Pasha or Pacha
Ca`pi*tan` Pa*sha` or Pa*cha` (?). [See capitan.] The chief admiral of
the Turkish fleet.
Capitate
Cap"i*tate (?), a [L. capitatus fr. caput head.]
1. Headlike in form; also, having the distal end enlarged and rounded,
as the stigmas of certain flowers.
2. (Bot.) Having the flowers gathered into a head.
Capitatim
Cap`i*ta"tim (?), a. [NL.] Of so much per head; as, a capitatim tax; a
capitatim grant.
Capitation
Cap`i*ta"tion (?), n. [L. capitatio a poll tax, fr. caput head; cf. F.
capitation.]
1. A numbering of heads or individuals. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
2. A tax upon each head or person, without reference to property; a
poll tax.
Capite
Cap"i*te (?), n. [L., abl. of caput head.] See under Tenant.
Capitellate
Cap`i*tel"late (?), a. [L. capitellum, dim. of caput head.] (Bot.)
Having a very small knoblike termination, or collected into minute
capitula.
Capitibranchiata
Cap`i*ti*bran`chi*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., from L. caput, capitis, head
+ -branchiae gills.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of annelids in which the
gills arise from or near the head. See Tubicola.
Capitol
Cap"i*tol (?), [L. capitolium, fr. caput head: cf. F. capitole. See
Chief.]
1. The temple of Jupiter, at Rome, on the Mona Capitolinus, where the
Senate met.
Comes C\'91sar to the Capitol to-morrow? Shak.
2. The edifice at Washington occupied by the Congress of the United
States; also, the building in which the legislature of State holds its
sessions; a statehouse.
Capitolian, Capitoline
Cap`i*to"li*an (?), Cap"i*to*line (?), a. [L. capitolinus: cf. F.
capitolin.] Of or pertaining to the Capitol in Rome. "Capitolian
Jove." Macaulay. Capitoline games (Antiq.), annual games instituted at
Rome by Camillus, in honor of Jupter Capitolinus, on account of the
preservation of the Capitol from the Gauls; when reinstituted by
Domitian, arter a period of neglect, they were held every fifth year.
Capitula
Ca*pit"u*la (?), n. pl. See Capitulum.
Capitular
Ca*pit"u*lar (?), n. [LL. capitulare, capitularium, fr. L. capitulum a
small head, a chapter, dim. of capit head, chapter.]
1. An act passed in a chapter.
2. A member of a chapter.
The chapter itself, and all its members or capitulars. Ayliffe.
3. The head or prominent part.
Capitular
Ca*pit"u*lar (?), a.
1. (Eccl.) Of or pertaining to a chapter; capitulary.
From the pope to the member of the capitular body. Milman.
2. (Bot.) Growing in, or pertaining to, a capitulum.
3. (Anat.) Pertaining to a capitulum; as, the capitular process of a
vetebra, the process which articulates with the capitulum of a rib.
Capitularly
Ca*pit"u*lar*ly (?), adv. In the manner or form of an ecclesiastical
chapter. Sterne.
Capitulary
Ca*pit"u*la*ry (?), n.; pl. Capitularies (#). [See Capitular.]
1. A capitular.
2. The body of laws or statutes of a chapter, or of an ecclesiastical
council.
3. A collection of laws or statutes, civil and ecclesiastical, esp. of
the Frankish kings, in chapters or sections.
Several of Charlemagne's capitularies. Hallam.
Capitulary
Ca*pit"u*la*ry (?), a. Relating to the chapter of a cathedral;
capitular. "Capitulary acts." Warton.
Capitulate
Ca*pit"u*late (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Capitulated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Capitulating.] [LL. capitulatus, p. p. of capitulare to capitulate:
cf. F. capituler. See Capitular, n.]
1. To settle or draw up the heads or terms of an agreement, as in
chapters or articles; to agree. [Obs.]
There capitulates with the king . . . to take to wife his daughter
Mary. Heylin.
There is no reason why the reducing of any agreement to certain
heads or capitula should not be called to capitulate. Trench.
2. To surrender on terms agreed upon (usually, drawn up under several
heads); as, an army or a garrison capitulates.
The Irish, after holding out a week, capitulated. Macaulay.
Capitulate
Ca*pit"u*late, v. t. To surrender or transfer, as an army or a
fortress, on certain conditions. [R.]
Capitulation
Ca*pit`u*la"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. capitulation, LL. capitulatio.]
1. A reducing to heads or articles; a formal agreement.
With special capitulation that neither the Scots nor the French
shall refortify. Bp. Burnet.
2. The act of capitulating or surrendering to an emeny upon stipulated
terms.
3. The instrument containing the terms of an agreement or surrender.
Capitulator
Ca*pit"u*la`tor (?), n. [LL.] One who capitulates.
Capitule
Cap"i*tule (?), n. [L. capitulum small head, chapter.] A summary.
[Obs.]
Capitulum
Ca*pit"u*lum (?), n.; pl. Capitula (. [L., a small head.]
1. A thick head of flowers on a very short axis, as a clover top, or a
dandelion; a composite flower. A capitulum may be either globular or
flat. Gray.
2. (Anat.) A knobike protuberance of any part, esp. at the end of a
bone or cartilage.
NOTE: [See Illust. of Artiodactyla.]
Capivi
Ca*pi"vi (?), n. [Cf. Copaiba.] A balsam of the Spanish West Indies.
See Copaiba.
Caple
Ca"ple (?), n. See Capel.
Caplin
Cap"lin (?), n. See Capelin.
Caplin, Capling
Cap"lin (?), Cap"ling (?), n. The cap or coupling of a flail, through
which the thongs pass which connect the handle and swingel. Wright.
Capnomancy
Cap"no*man`cy (?), n. [Gr. mancy: cf. F. capnomancie.] Divination by
means of the ascent or motion of smoke.
Capnomor
Cap"no*mor (?), n. [Gr. (Chem.) A limpid, colorless oil with a
peculiar odor, obtained from beech tar. Watts.
Capoc
Ca*poc" (?), n. [Malay k\'bepoq.] A sort of cotton so short and fine
thet it can not be spun, used in the East Indies to line palanquins,
to make mattresses, etc.
Capoch
Ca*poch" (?), n.; pl. Capoches (#). [Cf. Sp. capucho, It. cappucio, F.
Capuce, capuchon, LL. caputium, fr. capa cloak. See Cap.] A hood;
especialy, the hood attached to the gown of a monk.
Capoch
Ca*poch", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Capoched (?).] To cover with, or as
with, a hood; hence, to hoodwink or blind. Hudibras.
Capon
Ca"pon (?), n. [OE. capon, chapoun, AS. cap (cf. F. chapon), L. capo,
fr. Gr. skopiti to casrate. CF. Comma.] A castrated cock, esp. when
fattened; a male chicken gelded to improve his flesh for the table.
Shak.
The merry thought of a capon. W. Irving.
Capon
Ca"pon, v. t. To castrate; to make a capon of.
Caponet
Ca"pon*et (?), n. A young capon. [R.] Chapman.
Caponiere
Cap`o*niere" (?), n. [F. caponni\'8are, fr. Sp. caponera, orig., a
cage for fattening capons, hence, a place of refuge; cf. It.
capponiera. See Capon.] (Fort.) A work made across or in the ditch, to
protect it from the enemy, or to serve as a covered passageway.
Caponize
Ca"pon*ize (?), v. t. To castrate, as a fowl.
Capot
Ca*pot" (?), n. [F.] A winning of all the tricks at the game of
piquet. It counts for forty points. Hoyle.
Capot
Ca*pot", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Capotted.] To win all the tricks from, in
playing at piquet.
Capote
Ca*pote" (?), n. [Sp. capote (cf. F. capote.), fr. LL. capa cape,
cloak. See Cap.] A long cloak or overcoat, especially one with a hood.
Capouch
Ca*pouch" (?), n. & v. t. Same as Capoch.
Cappadine
Cap"pa*dine (?), n. A floss or waste obtained from the cocoon after
the silk has been reeled off, used for shag.
Cappaper
Cap"pa`per (?), See cap, n., also Paper, n.
Cappeak
Cap"peak` (?), n. The front piece of a cap; -- now more commonly
called visor.
Cappella
Cap*pel"la (?), n. See A cappella.
Capper
Cap"per (?), n.
1. One whose business is to make or sell caps.
2. A by-bidder; a decoy for gamblers [Slang, U. S.]<--shill?-->.
3. An instrument for applying a percussion cap to a gun or cartridge.
Capping plane
Cap"ping plane` (?). (Join.) A plane used for working the upper
surface of staircase rails.
Capra
Ca"pra (?), n. [L., a she goat.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of ruminants,
including the common goat.
Caprate
Cap"rate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of capric acid.
Capreolate
Cap"re*o*late (?), a. [L. capreolus wild goat, tendril, fr.caper goat:
cf. F. capr\'82ol\'82.] (Bot.) Having a tendril or tendrils.
Capreoline
Cap"re*o*line (?), a. [L. capreolus wild goat, fr. caper goat.]
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the roebuck.
Capric
Cap"ric (?), a. [L. caper goat.] (Chem.) Of or pertaining to capric
acid or its derivatives. Capric acid, C9H9.CO2H, Caprylic acid,
C7H15.CO2H, AND Caproic acid, C5H11.CO2H, are fatty acids occurring in
small quantities in butter, cocoanut oil, etc., united with glycerin;
they are colorless oils, or white crystalline solids, of an unpleasant
odor like that of goats or sweat.
Cariccio
Ca*ric"cio (?), n. [It. See Caprice.]
1. (Mus.) A piece in a free form, with frequent digressions from the
theme; a fantasia; -- often called caprice.
2. A caprice; a freak; a fancy. Shak.
Capricioso
Ca*pri*cio"so (?), a. [It.] (Mus) In a free, fantastic style.
Caprice
Ca*price" (?), n. [F. caprice, It. capriccio, caprice (perh. orig. a
fantastical goat leap), fr. L. caper, capra, goat. Cf Capriole, Cab,
Caper, v. i.]
1. An abrupt change in feeling, opinion, or action, proceeding from
some whim or fancy; a freak; a notion. "Caprices of appetite." W.
Irving.
2. (Mus.) See Capriccio. Syn. -- Freak; whim; crotchet; fancy; vagary;
humor; whimsey; fickleness.
Capricious
Ca*pri"cious (?), a. [Cf. F. capricleux, It. capriccioso.] Governed or
characterized by caprice; apt to change suddenly; freakish; whimsical;
changeable. "Capricious poet." Shak. "Capricious humor." Hugh Miller.
A capricious partiality to the Romish practices. Hallam.
Syn. -- Freakish; whimsical; fanciful; fickle; crotchety; fitful;
wayward; changeable; unsteady; uncertain; inconstant; arbitrary. --
Ca*pri"cious*ly, adv. -- Ca*pri"cious*ness, n.
Capricorn
Cap"ri*corn (?), n. [L. capricornus; caper goat + cornu horn: cf. F.
capricorne.]
1. (Astron.) The tenth sign of zodiac, into which the sun enters at
the winter solstice, about December 21. See Tropic.
The sun was entered into Capricorn. Dryden.
2. (Astron.) A southern constellation, represented on ancient
monuments by the figure of a goat, or a figure with its fore part like
a fish.
Capricorn beetle (Zo\'94l.), any beetle of the family Carambucid\'91;
one of the long-horned beetles. The larv\'91 usually bore into the
wood or bark of trees and shurbs and are often destructive. See
Girdler, Pruner.
Caprid
Cap"rid (?), a. [L. caper, capra, goat.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining
to the tribe of ruminants of which the goat, or genus Capra, is the
type.
Caprification
Cap"ri*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. caprificatio, fr. caprificare to ripen
figs by caprification, fr. caprificus the wild fig; caper goat + ficus
fig.] The practice of hanging, upon the cultivated fig tree, branches
of the wild fig infested with minute hymenopterous insects.
NOTE: &hand; It is su pposed th at th e li ttle in sects in sure
fertilization by carrying the pollen from the male flowers near the
opening of the fig down to the female flowers, and also accelerate
ripening the fruit by puncturing it. The practice has existed since
ancient times, but its benefit has been disputed.
Caprifole
Cap"ri*fole (?), n. [L. caper goat + folium leaf.] The woodbine or
honeysuckle. Spenser.
Caprifoliaceous
Cap"ri*fo`li*a`ceous (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the
Honeysuckle family of plants (Caprifoliac\'91.
Capriform
Cap"ri*form (?), a. [L. caper goat + -form.] Having the form of a
goat.
Caprigenous
Ca*prig"e*nous (?), a. [L. caprigenus; caper goat + gegnere to
produce.] Of the goat kind.
Caprine
Cap"rine (?), a. [L. caprinus.] Of or pertaining to a goat; as,
caprine gambols.
Capriole
Cap"ri*ole (?), n. [F. capriole, cabriole, It. capriola, fr. L. caper
goat. Cf. Caper, v. i. Cabriole, Caprice, Cheveril.]
1. (Man.) A leap that a horse makes with all fours, upwards only,
without advancing, but with a kick or jerk of the hind legs when at
the height of the leap.
2. A leap or caper, as in dancing. "With lofty turns and caprioles."
Sir J. Davies.
Capriole
Cap"ri*ole, v. i. To perform a capriole. Carlyle.
Capriped
Cap"ri*ped (?), a. [L. capripers; caper goat + pes pedis, foot.]
Having feet like those of a goat.
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Caproate
Cap"ro*ate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of caproic acid.
Caproic
Ca*pro"ic (?), a. (Chem.) See under Capric.
Caprylate
Cap"ry*late (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of caprylic acid.
Caprylic
Ca*pryl"ic (?), a. (Chem.) See under Capric.
Capsaicin
Cap*sa"i*cin (?), n. [From Capsicum.] (Chem.) A colorless crystalline
substance extracted from the Capsicum annuum, and giving off vapors of
intense acridity.
Capsheaf
Cap"sheaf` (?), n. The top sheaf of a stack of grain: (fig.) the
crowning or finishing part of a thing.
Capsicin
Cap"si*cin (?), n. [From Capsicum.] (Chem.) A red liquid or soft resin
extracted from various species of capsicum.
Capsicine
Cap"si*cine (?), n. [From Capsicum.] (Chem.) A valatile alkaloid
extracted from Capsicum annuum or from capsicin.
Capsicum
Cap"si*cum (?), n. [NL., fr. L. capsa box, chest.] (Bot.) A genus of
plants of many species, producing capsules or dry berries of various
forms, which have an exceedingly pungent, biting taste, and when
ground form the red of Cayenne pepper of commerce.
NOTE: &hand; Th e mo st im portant species are Capsicum baccatum or
birs pepper. C, annuum or chili pepper, C. frutesens or spur
pepper, and C. annuum or Guinea pepeer, which includes the bell
pepper and other common garden varieties. The fruit is much used,
both in its green and ripe state, in pickles and in cookery. See
Cayenne pepper.
Capsize
Cap*size" (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Capsized (#); p. pr. & vb. n.
Capsizing.] [Cf. Sp. cabecear to nod, pitch, capuzar, chapuzar, to
sink (a vessel) by the head; both fr. L. caput head.] To upset or
overturn, as a vessel or other body.
But what if carrying sail capsize the boat? Byron.
Capsize
Cap"size` (?), n. An upset or overturn.
Capsquare
Cap"*square (?), n. (Gun.) A metal covering plate which passes over
the trunnions of a cannon, and holds it in place.
Capstan
Cap"stan (?), n. [F. cabestan, fr. Sp. cabestrante, cabrestante, fr.
cabestrar to bind with a halter, fr. cabestrohalter, fr. L. capistrum
halter, fr. capere to hold (see Capacious); or perh. the Spanish is
fr. L. caper goat + stans, p. pr. of stare to stand; cf. F. ch\'8avre
she-goat, also a machine for raising heavy weights.] A vertical
cleated drum or cylinder, revolving on an upright spindle, and
surmounted by a drumhead with sockets for bars or levers. It is much
used, especially on shipboard, for moving or raising heavy weights or
exerting great power by traction upon a rope or cable, passing around
the drum. It is operated either by steam power or by a number of men
walking around the capstan, each pushing on the end of a lever fixed
in its socket. [Sometimes spelt Capstern, but improperly.] Capstan
bar, one of the long bars or levers by which the capstan is worked; a
handspike.. -- To pawl the capstan, to drop the pawls so that they
will catch in the notches of the pawl ring, and prevent the capstan
from turning back. -- To rig the capstan, to prepare the for use, by
putting the bars in the sockets. -- To surge the capstan, to slack the
tension of the rope or cable wound around it.
Capstone
Cap"stone` (?), n. (Paleon.) A fossil echinus of the genus Cannulus;
-- so called from its supposed resemblance to a cap.
Capsular, Capsulary
Cap"su*lar (?), Cap"su*la*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. capsulaire.] Of or
pertaining to a capsule; having the nature of a capsula; hollow and
fibrous. Capsular ligament (Anat.), a ligamentous bag or capsule
surrounding many movable joints in the skeleton.
Capsulate, Capsulated
Cap"su*late (?), Cap"su*la`ted (?), a. Inclosed in a capsule, or as in
a chest or box.
Capsule
Cap"sule (?), n. [L. capsula a little box or chest, fr. capsa chest,
case, fr. capere to take, contain: cf. F. capsule.]
1. (Bot.) a dry fruit or pod which is made up of several parts or
carpels, and opens to discharge the seeds, as, the capsule of the
poppy, the flax, the lily, etc.
2. (Chem.) (a) A small saucer of clay for roasting or melting samples
of ores, etc.; a scorifier. (b) a small, shallow, evaporating dish,
usually of porcelain.
3. (Med.) A small cylindrical or spherical gelatinous envelope in
which nauseous or acrid doses are inclosed to be swallowed.
4. (Anat.) A membranous sac containing fluid, or investing an organ or
joint; as, the capsule of the lens of the eye. Also, a capsulelike
organ.
5. A metallic seal or cover for closing a bottle,
6. A small cup or shell, as of metal, for a percussion cap, cartridge,
etc.
Atrabiliary capsule. See under Atrabiliary. -- Glisson's capsule, a
membranous envelope, entering the liver along with the portal vessels
and insheathing the latter in their course through the organ. --
Suprarenal capsule, an organ of unknown function, above or in front of
each kidney.
Captain
Cap"tain (?), n. [OE. capitain, captain, OF. capitain, F. capitaine
(cf. Sp. capitan, It. capitano), LL. capitaneus, capitanus, fr. L.
caput the head. See under Chief, and cf. Chieftain.]
1. A head, or chief officer; as: (a) The military officer who commands
a company, troop, or battery, or who has the rank entitling him to do
so though he may be employed on other service. (b) An officer in the
United States navy, next above a commander and below a commodore, and
ranking with a colonel in the ermy. (c) By courtesy, an officer
actually commanding a vessel, although not having the rank of captain.
(d) The master or commanding officer of a merchant vessel. (e) One in
charge of a portion of a ship's company; as, a captain of a top,
captain of a gun, etc. (f) The foreman of a body of workmen. (g) A
person having authority over others acting in concert; as, the captain
of a boat's crew; the captain of a football team.
A trainband captain eke was he. Cowper.
The Rhodian captain, relying on . . . the lightness of his vessel,
passed, in open day, through all the guards. Arbuthnot.
2. A military leader; a warrior.
Foremost captain of his time. Tennyson.
Captain general. (a) The commander in chief of an army or armies, or
of the militia. (b) The Spanish governor of Cuba and its dependent
islands. -- Captain lieutenant, a lieutenant with the rank and duties
of captain but with a lieutenant's pay, -- as in the first company of
an English regiment.
Captain
Cap"tain (?), v. t. To act as captain of; to lead. [R.]
Men who captained or accompanied the exodus from existing forms.
Lowell.
Captain
Cap"tain, a. Chief; superior. [R.]
captain jewes in the carcanet. Shak.
Captaincy
Cap"tain*cy (?), n.; pl. Captaincies (. The rank, post, or
commission of a captain. Washington. Captaincy general
, the office, power, teritory, or jurisdiction of a captain general;
as, the captaincy general of La Habana (Cuba and its islands).
Captainry
Cap"tain*ry (?), n. [Cf. F. capitainerie.] Power, or command, over a
certain district; chieftainship. [Obs.]
Captainship
Cap"tain*ship, n.
1. The condition, rank, post, or authority of a captain or chief
commander. "To take the captainship." Shak.
2. Military skill; as, to show good captainship.
Captation
Cap*ta`tion (?), n. [L. captatio, fr. captare to catch, intens of
caper to take: cf. F. captation.] A courting of favor or applause, by
flattery or address; a captivating quality; an attraction. [Obs.]
Without any of those dresses, or popular captations, which some men
use in their speeches. Eikon Basilike.
Caption
Cap"tion (?), n. [L. captio, fr. caper to take. In senses 3 and 4,
perhaps confounded in meaning with L. caput a head. See Capacious.]
1. A caviling; a sophism. [Obs.]
This doctrine is for caption and contradiction. Bacon.
2. The act of taking or arresting a person by judicial process. [R.]
Bouvier.
3. (Law) That part of a legal instrument, as a commission, indictment,
etc., which shows where, when, and by what authority, it taken, found,
or executed. Bouvier. Wharton.
4. The heading of a chapter, section, or page. [U. S.]
Captious
Cap"tious (?), a. [F. captieux, L. captiosus. See Caption.]
1. Art to catch at faults; disposed to find fault or to cavil; eager
to object; difficult to please.
A captius and suspicious. Stillingfleet.
I am sensible I have not disposed my materials to adbide the test
of a captious controversy. Bwike.
2. Fitted to harass, perplex, or insnare; insidious; troublesome.
Captious restraints on navigation. Bancroft.
Syn. -- Caviling, carping, fault-finding; censorious; hypercritical;
peevish, fretful; perverse; troublesome. -- Captious, caviling,
Carping. A captious person is one who has a fault-finding habit or
manner, or is disposed to catch at faults, errors, etc., with
quarrelsome intent; a caviling person is disposed to raise objections
on frivolous grounds; carping implies that one is given to
ill-natured, persistent, or unreasonable fault-finding, or picking up
of the words or actions of others.
Caviling is the carping of argument, carping the caviling of ill
temper. C. J. Smith.
Captiously
Cap"tious*ly, adv. In a captious manner.
Captiousness
Cap"tious*ness, n. Captious disposition or manner.
Captivate
Cap"ti*vate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Captivated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Captivating.] [L. captivatus, p. p. of captivare to capture, fr.
captivus captive. See Captive.]
1. To take prisoner; to capture; to subdue. [Obs.]
Their woes whom fortune captivates. Shak.
2. To acquire ascendancy over by reason of some art or attraction; to
fascinate; to charm; as, Cleopatra captivated Antony; the orator
captivated all hearts.
Small landscapes of captivating loveliness. W. Irving.
Syn. -- To enslave; subdue; overpower; charm; enchant; bewitch;
facinate; capture; lead captive.
Captivate
Cap"ti*vate (?), p. a. [L. captivatus.] Taken prisoner; made captive;
insnared; charmed.
Women have been captivate ere now. Shak.
Captivating
Cap"ti*va`ting (?), a. Having power to captivate or cham; fascinating;
as, captivating smiles. -- Cap"tiva`ting*ly, adv.
Captivation
Cap"ti*va`tion (?), n. [L. capticatio.] The act of captivating. [R.]
The captivation of our understanding. Bp. Hall.
Captive
Cap"tive (?), n. [L. captivus, fr. capere to take: cf. F. captif. See
Caitiff.]
1. A prisoner taken by force or stratagem, esp., by an enemy, in war;
one kept in bondage or in the power of another.
Then, when I am thy captive, talk of chains. Milton.
2. One charmed or subdued by beaty, excellence, or affection; one who
is captivated.
Captive
Cap"tive, a.
1. Made prisoner, especially in war; held in bondage or in
confinement.
A poor, miserable, captive thrall. Milton.
2. Subdued by love; charmed; captivated.
Even in so short a space, my wonan's heart Grossly grew captive to
his honey words. Shak.
3. Of or pertaining to bondage or confinement; serving to confine; as,
captive chains; captive hours.
Captive
Cap"tive (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Captived (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Captiving.] To take prisoner; to capture.
Their inhabitans slaughtered and captived. Burke.
Captivity
Cap*tiv"i*ty (?), n. [L. captivitas: cf. F. captivit\'82.]
1. The state of being a captive or a prisoner.
More celebrated in his captivity that in his greatest triumphs.
Dryden.
2. A state of being under control; subjection of the will or
affections; bondage.
Sink in the soft captivity together. Addison.
Syn. -- Imprisonment; confinement; bondage; subjection; servitude;
slavery; thralldom; serfdom.
Captor
Cap"tor (?), n. [L., a cather (of animals), fr. caper to take.] One
who captures any person or thing, as a prisoner or a prize.
Capture
Cap"ture (?), n. [L. capture, fr. caper to take: cf. F. capture. See
Caitiff, and cf. aptive.]
1. The act of seizing by force, or getting possession of by superior
power or by stratagem; as, the capture of an enemy, a vessel, or a
criminal.
Even with regard to captures made at sea. Bluckstone.
2. The securing of an object of strife or desire, as by the power of
some attraction.
3. The thing taken by force, surprise, or stratagem; a prize; prey.
Syn. -- Seizure; apprehension; arrest; detention.
Capture
Cap"ture, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Captured (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Capturing.] To seize or take possession of by force, surprise, or
stratagem; to overcome and hold; to secure by effort.
Her heart is like some fortress that has been captured. W. Ivring.
Capuccio
Ca*puc"cio (?), n. [It. cappucio. See Capoch.] A capoch or hood.
[Obs.] Spenser.
Capuched
Ca*puched" (?), a. [See Capoch.] Cover with, or as with, a hood.
[Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
Capuchin
Cap`u*chin" (?), n. [F. capucin a monk who wears a cowl, fr. It.
cappuccio hood. See Capoch.]
1. (Eccl.) A Franciscan monk of the austere branch established in 1526
by Matteo di Baschi, distinguished by wearing the long pointed cowl or
capoch of St. Francis.
A bare-footed and long-bearded capuchin. Sir W. Scott.
2. A garment for women, consisting of a cloak and hood, resembling, or
supposed to resemble, that of capuchin monks.
3. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A long-tailed South American monkey (Cabus
capucinus), having the forehead naked and wrinkled, with the hair on
the crown reflexed and resembling a monk's cowl, the rest being of a
grayish white; -- called also capucine monkey, weeper, sajou, sapajou,
and sai. (b) Other species of Cabus, as C. fatuellus (the brown or
horned capucine.), C. albifrons (the cararara), and C. apella. (c) A
variety of the domestic pigeon having a hoodlike tuft of feathers on
the head and sides of the neck.
Capuchin nun, one of an austere order of Franciscan nuns which came
under Capuchin rule in 1538. The order had recently been founded by
Maria Longa.
Capucine
Cap"u*cine (?), n. See Capuchin, 3.
Capulet
Cap"u*let (?), n. (Far.) Same as Capellet.
Capulin
Cap"u*lin (?), n. [Sp. capuli.] The Mexican chery (Prunus Capollin).
Caput
Ca"put, n.; pl. Capita (#). [L., the head.]
1. (Anat.) The head; also, a knoblike protuberance or capitulum.
2. The top or superior part of a thing.
3. (Eng.) The council or ruling body of the University of Cambridge
prior to the constitution of 1856.
Your caputs and heads of colleges. Lamb.
Caput mortuum (. [L., dead head.] (Old Chem.) The residuum after
distillation or sublimation; hence, worthless residue.
Capybara
Ca`py*ba"ra (?), n. [Sp. capibara, fr. the native name.] (Zo\'94l.) A
large South American rodent (Hydroch\'91rus capybara) Living on the
margins of lakes and rivers. It is the largest extant rodent, being
about three feet long, and half that in height. It somewhat resembles
the Guinea pig, to which it is related; -- called also cabiai and
water hog.
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Car
Car (?), n. [OF. car, char, F. cahr, fr. L. carrus, Wagon: a Celtic
word; cf. W. car, Armor. karr, Ir. & Gael. carr. cf. Chariot.]
1. A small vehicle moved on wheels; usually, one having but two wheels
and drawn by one horse; a cart.
2. A vehicle adapted to the rails of a railroad. [U. S.]
NOTE: &hand; In En gland a ra ilroad pa ssenger ca r is called a
railway carriage; a freight car a goods wagon; a platform car a
goods truck; a baggage car a van. But styles of car introduced into
England from America are called cars; as, tram car. Pullman car.
See Train.
3. A chariot of war or of triumph; a vehicle of splendor, dignity, or
solemnity. [Poetic].
The gilded car of day. Milton.
The towering car, the sable steeds. Tennyson.
4. (Astron.) The stars also called Charles's Wain, the Great Bear, or
the Dipper.
The Pleiads, Hyads, and the Northern Car. Dryden.
5. The cage of a lift or elevator.
6. The basket, box, or cage suspended from a ballon to contain
passengers, ballast, etc.
7. A floating perforated box for living fish. [U. S.]
Car coupling, or Car coupler, a shackle or other device for connecting
the cars in a railway train. [U. S.] -- Dummy car (Railroad), a car
containing its own steam power or locomotive. -- Freight car
(Railrood), a car for the transportation of merchandise or other
goods. [U. S.] -- Hand car (Railroad), a small car propelled by hand,
used by railroad laborers, etc. [U. S.] -- Horse car, or Street car,
an ommibus car, draw by horses or other power upon rails laid in the
streets. [U. S.] -- Mcol>Palace car, Drawing-room car, Sleeping car,
Parior caretc. , (Railroad), cars especially designed and furnished
for the comfort of travelers.
Carabid
Car"a*bid (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the
genus Carbus or family Carabid\'91. -- n. One of the Carabid\'91, a
family of active insectivorous beetles.
Carabine
Car"a*bine (?), n. (Mil.) A carbine.
Carabineer
Car`a*bi*neer" (?), n. A carbineer.
Caraboid
Car"a*boid (?), a. [Carabus + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Like, or pertaining to
the genus Carabus.
Carabus
Car"a*bus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of ground beetles,
including numerous species. They devour many injurious insects.
Carac
Car"ac (?), n. See Carack.
Caracal
Car"a*cal (?), n. [F. caracal, fr. Turk garahgootag; garah black +
goofag ear.] (Zo\'94l.) A lynx (Felis, or Lynx, caracal.) It is a
native of Africa and Asia. Its ears are black externally, and tipped
with long black hairs.
Caracara
Ca"`ra*ca"ra (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A south American bird of several
species and genera, resembling both the eagles and the vultures. The
caracaras act as scavengers, and are also called carrion buzzards.
NOTE: &hand; Th e bl ack ca racara is Ibycter ater; the chimango is
Milvago chimango; the Brazilian is Polyborus Braziliensis.
Carack
Car"ack (?), n. [F. caraque (cf. Sp. & Pg. carraca, It. caracca.), LL.
carraca, fr. L. carrus wagon; or perh. fr. Ar. qorq\'d4r (pl.
qar\'beqir) a carack.] (Naut.) A kind of large ship formerly used by
the Spaniards and Portuguese in the East India trade; a galleon.
[Spelt also carrack.]
The bigger whale like some huge carrack law. Waller.
Caracole
Car"a*cole (?), n. [F. caracole, caracol, fr. Sp. caracol snail,
winding staircase, a wheeling about.]
1. (Man.) A half turn which a horseman makes, either to the right or
the left.
2. (Arch.) A staircase in a spiral form.
En caracole ( [F.], spiral; -- said of a staircase.
Caracole
Car"a*cole (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Caracoled (?).] [Cf. F.
caracoler.] (Man.) To move in a caracole, or in caracoles; to wheel.
Prince John caracoled within the lists. Sir W. Scott.
Caracoly
Car"a*col`y (?), n. An alloy of gold, silver, and copper, of which an
inferior quality of jewerly is made.
Caracore, Caracora
Car"a*core (?), Car"a*co`ra (?), n. [Malay kurakura.] A light vessel
or proa used by the people of Borneo, etc., and by the Dutch in the
East Indies.
Carafe
Ca*rafe" (?), n. [F.] A glass water bottle for the table or toilet; --
called also croft.
Carageen OR Caragheen
Car"a*geen` OR Car"a*gheen` (?), n. See Carrageen.
Carambola
Ca`ram*bo"la (?), n. (Bot.) An East Indian tree (Averrhoa Carambola),
and its acid, juicy fruit; called also Coromandel gooseberry.
Caramel
Car"a*mel (?), n. [F. caramel (cf. Sp. caramelo), LL. canna mellis,
cannamella, canamella, calamellus mellitus, sugar cane, from or
confused with L. canna reed + mel, mellis, honey. See Cane.]
1. (Chem.) Burnt sugar; a brown or black porous substance obtained by
heating sugar. It is soluble in water, and is used for coloring
spirits, gravies, etc.
2. A kind of confectionery, usually a small cube or square of
tenacious paste, or candy, of varying composition and flavor.
Carangoid
Ca*ran"goid (?), a. [Caranx + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Belonging to the
Carangid\'91, a family of fishes allied to the mackerels, and
including the caranx, American bluefish, and the pilot fish.
Caranx
Ca"ranx (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of fishes, common on the Atlantic
coast, including the yellow or goldon mackerel.
Carapace
Car"a*pace (?), n. [F.] (Zo\'94l.) The thick shell or sheild which
cover the back of the tortoise, or turtle, the crab, and other
crustaceous animals.
Carapato
Ca`ra*pa"to (?), n. [Pg. carrapato.] (Zo\'94l.) A south American tick
of the genus Amblyamma. There are several species, very troublesome to
man and beast.
Carapax
Car"a*pax (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Carapace.
Carat
Car"at (?), n. [F. carat (cf. It. carato, OPg. quirate, Pg. & Sp.
quilate), Ar. q bean or pea shell, a weight of four grins, a carat,
fr. Gr. Horn.]
1. The weight by which precious stones and pearls are weighed.
NOTE: &hand; Th e carat equals three and one fifth grains Troy, and
is divided into four grains, sometimes called carat grains.
Diamonds and other precious stones are estimated by carats and
fractions of carats, and pearls, usually, by carat grains.
Titfany.
2. A twenty-fourth part; -- a term used in estimating the
proportionate fineness of gold.
NOTE: &hand; A ma ss of me tal is said to be so many carats fine,
according to the number of twenty-fourths of pure gold which it
contains; as, 22 carats fine (goldsmith's standard) = 22 parts of
gold, 1 of copper, and 1 of silver.
Caravan
Car"a*van (?), n. [F. caravane (cf. Sp. caravana), fr. Per. karmw\'ben
a caravan (in sense 1). Cf. Van a wagon.]
1. A company of travelers, pilgrims, or merchants, organized and
equipped for a long journey, or marching or traveling together, esp.
through deserts and countries infested by robbers or hostile tribes,
as in Asia or Africa.
2. A large, covered wagon, or a train of such wagons, for conveying
wild beasts, etc., for exhibition; an itinerant show, as of wild
beasts.
3. A covered vehicle for carrying passengers or for moving furniture,
etc.; -- sometimes shorted into van.
Caravaneer
Car`a*van*eer" (?), n. [Cf. F. caravanier.] The leader or driver of
the camels in caravan.
Caravansary
Car`a*van"sa*ry (?), n.; pl. Caravansaries (#) [F. caravans\'82rai,
fr. Per. karw\'bensar\'be\'8b; karw\'ben caravan + -sar\'be\'8b
palace, large house, inn.] A kind of inn, in the East, where caravans
rest at night, being a large, rude, unfurnished building, surrounding
a court. [Written also caravanserai and caravansera.]
Caravel
Car"a*vel (?), n. [F. caravelle (cf. It. caravella, Sp. carabela), fr.
Sp. caraba a kind of vessel, fr. L. carabus a kind of light boat, fr.
Gr. [written also caravel and caravelle.] (Naut.) A name given to
several kinds of vessels. (a) The caravel of the 16th century was a
small vessel with broad bows, high, narrow poop, four masts, and
lateen sails. Columbus commanded three caravels on his great voyage.
(b) A Portuguese vessel of 100 or 150 tons burden. (c) A small fishing
boat used on the French coast. (d) A Turkish man-of-war.
Caraway
Car"a*way (?), n. [F. carvi (cf. Sp. carvi and al-caravea,
al-carahueya, Pg. al-caravia) fr. Ar. karaw\'c6\'befr. Gr. caraum.]
1. (Bot.) A biennial plant of the Parsley family (Carum Carui). The
seeds have an aromatic smell, and a warm, pungent taste. They are used
in cookery and confectionery, and also in medicine as a carminative.
2. A cake or sweetmeat containing caraway seeds.
Caraways, or biscuits, or some other [comfits]. Cogan.
Carbamic
Car*bam"ic (?), a. [Carbon + amido.] (Chem.) Pertaining to an acid so
called. Carbamic acid (Chem.), an amido acid, NH2.CO2H, not existing
in the free state, but occurring as a salt of ammonium in commercial
ammonium carbonate; -- called also amido formic acid.
Carbamide
Car*bam"ide (?), n. [Carbonyl + amide.] (Chem.) The technical name for
urea.
Carbamine
Car*bam"ine (?), n. (Chem.) An isocyanide of a hydrocarbon radical.
The carbamines are liquids, usually colorless, and of unendurable
odor.
Carbanil
Car"ba*nil (?), n. [Carbonyl + aniline.] (Chem.) A mobile liquid,
CO.N.C6H5, of pungent odor. It is the phenyl salt of isocyanic acid.
Carbazol
Car"ba*zol (?), n. [Carbon + azo + -ol.] (Chem.) A white crystallized
substance, C12H8NH, derived from aniline and other amines.
Carbazotate
Car*baz"o*tate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of carbazotic or picric acid; a
picrate.
Carbazotic
Car`ba*zot"ic (?), a. [Carbon + azole.] Containing, or derived from,
carbon and nitrogen. Carbazotic acid (Chem.), picric acid. See under
Picric.
Carbide
Car"bide (?), n. [Carbon + -ide.] (Chem.) A binary compound of carbon
with some other element or radical, in which the carbon plays the part
of a negative; -- formerly termed carburet.
Carbimide
Car"bi*mide (?), n. [Carbon + imide] (Chem.) The technical name for
isocyanic acid. See under Isocyanic.
Carbine
Car"bine (?), n. [F. carbine, OF. calabrin carabineer (cf. Ot.
calabrina a policeman), fr. OF & Pr. calabre, OF. cable, chable, an
engine of war used in besieging, fr. LL. chadabula, cabulus, a kind of
projectile machine, fr. Gr. Parable.] (Mil.) A short, light musket or
rifle, esp. one used by mounted soldiers or cavalry.
Carbineer
Car`bi*neer" (?), n. [F. carabinier.] (Mil.) A soldier armed with a
carbine.
Carbinol
Car"bi*nol (?), n. [Carbin (Kolbe's name for the radical) + -ol.]
(Chem.) Methyl alcohol, CH3OH; -- also, by extension, any one in the
homologous series of paraffine alcohols of which methyl alcohol is the
type.
Carbohydrate
Car`bo*hy"drate (?), n. [Carbon + hydrate.] (Physiol. Chem.) One of a
group of compounds including the sugars, starches, and gums, which
contain six (or some multiple of six) carbon atoms, united with a
variable number of hydrogen and oxygen atoms, but with the two latter
always in proportion as to form water; as dextrose, C6H12O6.
Carbohydride
Car`bo*hy"dride (?), n. [Carbon + hydrogen.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon.
Carbolic
Car*bol"ic (?), a. [L. carbo coal + oleum oil.] (Chem.) Pertaining to,
or designating, an acid derived from coal tar and other sources; as,
carbolic acid (called also phenic acid, and phenol). See Phenol.
Carbolize
Car"bo*lize (?), v. t. (Med.) To apply carbonic acid to; to wash or
treat with carbolic acid.
Carbon
Car"bon (?), n. [F. carbone, fr. L. carbo coal; cf, Skr. (Chem.) An
elementary substance, not metallic in its nature, which is present in
all organic compounds. Atomic weight 11.97. Symbol C. it is
combustible, and forms the base of lampblack and charcoal, and enters
largely into mineral coals. In its pure crystallized state it
constitutes the diamond, the hardest of known substances, occuring in
monometric crystals like the octahedron, etc. Another modification is
graphite, or blacklead, and in this it is soft, and occurs in
hexagonal prisms or tables. When united with oxygen it forms carbon
dioxide, commonly called carbonic acid, or carbonic oxide, according
to the proportions of the oxygen; when united with hydrogen, it forms
various compounds called hydrocarbons. Compare Diamond, and Graphite.
Carbon compounds, Compounds of carbon (Chem.), those compounds
consisting largely of carbon, commonly produced by animals and plants,
and hence called organic compounds, though their synthesis may be
effected in many cases in the laboratory.
The formation of the compounds of carbon is not dependent upon the
life process. I. Remsen
-Carbon dioxide, Carbon monoxide. (Chem.) See under Carbonic. --
Carbon light (Elec.), an extremely brilliant electric light produced
by passing a galvanic current through two carbon points kept
constantly with their apexes neary in contact. -- Carbon point
(Elec.), a small cylinder or bit of gas carbon moved forward by
clockwork so that, as it is burned away by the electric current, it
shall contantly maintain its proper relation to the opposing point. --
Carbon tissue, paper coated with gelatine and pigment, used in the
autotype process of photography. Abney. -- Gas carbon, a compact
variety of carbon obtained as an incrustation on the interior of gas
retorts, and used for the manufacture of the carbon rods of pencils
for the voltaic, arc, and for the plates of voltaic batteries, etc.
Carbonaceous
Car"bo*na`ceous (?), a. Pertaining to, containing, or composed of,
carbon.
Carbonade, Carbonado
Car"bo*nade (?), Car`bo*na"do (?), n. [Cf. F. carbonnade, It.
carbonata, Sp. carbonada, from L. carbo coal.] (Cookery) Flesh, fowl,
etc., cut across, seasoned, and broiled on coals; a chop. [Obs.]
Carbonado, Carbonade
Car`bo*na"do (?), Car"bo*nade (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Carbonadoed
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Carbonadoing.]
1. To cut (meat) across for frying or broiling; to cut or slice and
broil. [Obs.]
A short-legged hen daintily carbonadoed. Bean. & Fl.
2. To cut or hack, as in fighting. [Obs.]
I'll so carbonado your shanks. Shak.
Carbonado
Car`bo*na"do (?), n.; pl. Carbonadoes (#). [Pg., carbonated.] (Min.) A
black variety of diamond, found in Brazil, and used for diamond
drills. It occurs in irregular or rounded fragments, rarely distinctly
crystallized, with a texture varying from compact to porous.
Carbonarism
Car`bo*na"rism (?), n. The principles, practices, or organization of
the Carbonari.
Carbonaro
Car`bo*na"ro (?), n.; pl. Carbonari (#). [It., a coal man.] A member
of a secret political association in Italy, organized in the early
part of the nineteenth centry for the purpose of changing the
government into a republic.
NOTE: &hand; Th e or igin of th e Ca rbonari is uncertain, but the
society is said to have first met, in 1808, among the charcoal
burners of the mountains, whose phraseology they adopted.
Carbonatation
Car`bon*a*ta"tion (?), n. [From Carbonate.] (Sugar Making) The
saturation of defecated beet juice with carbonic acid gas. Knight.
Carbonate
Car"bon*ate (?), n. [Cf. F. carbonate.] (Chem.) A salt or carbonic
acid, as in limestone, some forms of lead ore, etc.
Carbonated
Car"bon*a`ted (?), a. Combined or impregnated with carbonic acid.
Carbone
Car"bone (?), v. t. [See Carbonado.] To broil. [Obs.] "We had a calf's
head carboned". Pepys.
Carbonic
Car*bon"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. carbonique. See Carbon.] (Chem.) Of,
pertaining to, or obtained from, carbon; as, carbonic oxide. Carbonic
acid (Chem.), an acid H2CO3, not existing separately, which, combined
with positive or basic atoms or radicals, forms carbonates. On common
language the term is very generally applied to a compound of carbon
and oxygen, CO2, more correctly called carbon dioxide. It is a
colorless, heavy, irrespirable gas, extinguishing flame, and when
breathed destroys life. It can be reduced to a liquid and solid form
by intense pressure. It is produced in the fermentation of liquors,
and by the combustion and decomposition of organic substances, or
other substances containing carbon. It is formed in the explosion of
fire damp in mines, and is hance called after damp; it is also know as
choke damp, and mephilic air. Water will absorb its own volume of it,
and more than this under pressure, and in this state becomes the
common soda water of the shops, and the carbonated water of natural
springs. Combined with lime it constitutes limestone, or common marble
and chalk. Plants imbibe it for their nutrition and growth, the carbon
being retained and the oxygen given out. -- Carbonic oxide (Chem.), a
colorless gas, CO, of a light odor, called more correctly carbon
monoxide. It is almost the only definitely known compound in which
carbon seems to be divalent. It is a product of the incomplete
combustion of carbon, and is an abundant constituent of water gas. It
is fatal to animal life, extinguishes combustion, and burns with a
pale blue flame, forming carbon dioxide.
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Page 217
Carbonide
Car"bon*ide (?), n. A carbide. [R.]
Carboniferous
Car`bon*if"er*ous (?), a. [Carbon + -ferous.] Producing or containing
carbon or coal. Carboniferous age (Geol.), the age immediately
following the Devonian, or Age of fishes, and characterized by the
vegatation which formed the coal beds. This age embraces three
periods, the Subcarboniferous, the Carboniferous, and Permian. See Age
of acrogens, under Acrogen. -- Carboniferous formation (Geol.), the
series of rocks (including sandstones, shales, limestones, and
conglomerates, with beds of coal) which make up the strata of the
Carboniferous age OR period. See the Diagram under Geology.
Carbonization
Car`bon*i*za"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. carbonisation.] The act or process
of carbonizing.
Carbonize
Car"bon*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Carbonized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Carbonizing.] [Cf. F. carboniser.]
1. To cover (an animal or vegatable substance) into a residue of
carbon by the action of fire or some corrosive agent; to char.
2. To impregnate or combine with carbon, as in making steel by
cementation.
Carbonometer
Car`bon*om"e*ter (?), n. [Carbon + -meter.] An instrument for
detecting and measuring the amount of carbon which is present, or more
esp. the amount of carbon dioxide, by its action on limewater or by
other means.
Carbonyl
Car"bon*yl (?), n. [Carbon + -yl.] (Chem.) The radical (CO)\'b7\'b7,
occuring, always combined, in many compounds, as the aldehydes, the
ketones, urea, carbonyl chloride, etc.
NOTE: &hand; Th ough de noted by a formula identical with that of
carbon monoxide, it is chemically distinct, as carbon seems to be
divalent in carbon monoxide, but tetravalent in carbonyl compounds.
Carbonyl chloride (Chem.), a colorless gas, COCl2, of offensive odor,
and easily condensable to liquid. It is formed from chlorine and
carbon monoxide, under the influence of light, and hence has been
called phosgene gas; -- called also carbon oxychloride.
Carbostyril
Car`bo*sty"ril (?), n. [Carbon + styrene.] A white crystalline
substance, C9H6N.OH, of acid properties derived from one of the amido
cinnamic acids.
Carboxide
Car*box"ide (?), n. [Carbon + oxide.] (Chem.) A compound of carbon and
oxygen, as carbonyl, with some element or radical; as, potassium
carboxide. Potassium carboxide, a grayish explosive crystalline
compound, C6O6K, obtained by passing carbon monoxide over heated
potassium.
Carboxyl
Car*box"yl (?), n. [Carbon + oxygen + -yl.] (Chem.) The complex
radical, CO.OH, regarded as the essential and characteristic
constituent which all oxygen acids of carbon (as formic, acetic,
benzoic acids, etc.) have in common; -- called also oxatyl.
Carboy
Car"boy (?), n. [Cf. Ir. & Gael carb basket; or Pers qur\'bebah a sort
of bottle.] A large, globular glass bottle, esp. one of green glass,
inclosed in basket work or in a box, for protection; -- used commonly
for carrying corrosive liquids; as sulphuric acid, etc.
Carbuncle
Car"bun*cle (?), n. [L. carbunculus a little coal, a bright kind of
precious stone, a kind of tumor, dim. of carbo coal: cf. F. carboncle.
See Carbon.]
1. (Min.) A beautiful gem of a deep red color (with a mixture of
scarlet) called by the Greeks anthrax; found in the East Indies. When
held up to the sun, it loses its deep tinge, and becomes of the color
of burning coal. The name belongs for the most part to ruby sapphire,
though it has been also given to red spinel and garnet.
2. (Med.) A very painful acute local inflammation of the subcutaneous
tissue, esp. of the trunk or back of the neck, characterized by brawny
hardness of the affected parts, sloughing of the skin and deeper
tissues, and marked constitutional depression. It differs from a boil
in size, tendency to spread, and the absence of a central core, and is
frequently fatal. It is also called anthrax.
3. (Her.) A charge or bearing supposed to represent the precious
stone. It has eight scepters or staves radiating from a common center.
Called also escarbuncle.
Carbuncled
Car"bun*cled (?), a.
1. Set with carbuncles.
He has deserves it [armor], were it carbuncled Like holy Phabus'
car. Shak.
2. Affected with a carbuncle or carbuncles; marked with red sores;
pimpled and blotched. "A carbuncled face." Brome.
Carbuncular
Car*bun"cu*lar (?), a. Belonging to a carbuncle; resembling a
carbuncle; red; inflamed.
Carbunculation
Car*bun`cu*la"tion (?), n. [L. carbunculatio.] The blasting of the
young buds of trees or plants, by excessive heat or caold. Harris.
Carburet
Car"bu*ret (?), n. [From Carbon.] (Chem.) A carbide. See Carbide
[Archaic]
Carburet
Car"bu*ret, v. t. [imp & p. p. Carbureted or Carburetted (p. pr. & vb.
n. Carbureting or Carburetting.] To combine or to impregnate with
carbon, as by passing through or over a liquid hydrocarbon; to
carbonize or carburize.
By carbureting the gas you may use poorer coal. Knight.
Carburetant
Car"bu*ret`ant (?), n. Any volatile liquid used in charging
illuminating gases.
Carbureted
Car"bu*ret`ed (?), a.
1. (Chem.) Combined with carbon in the manner of a carburet or
carbide.
2. Saturated or impregnated with some volatile carbon compound; as,
water gas is carbureted to increase its illuminating power. [Written
also carburetted.]
Carbureted hydrogen gas, any one of several gaseous compounds of
carbon and hydrogen, some of with make up illuminating gas. -- Light
carbureted hydrogen, marsh gas, CH4; fire damp<--; methane-->.
Carburetor
Car"bu*ret`or (?), n. (Chem.) An apparatus in which coal gas,
hydrogen, or air is passed through or over a volatile hydrocarbon, in
order to confer or increase illuminating power. [Written also
carburettor.]
Carburization
Car"bu*ri*za`tion (?), n. (Chem.) The act, process, or result of
carburizing.
Carburize
Car"bu*rize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Carburized (?); p. pr. & vb. N.
Carburizing.] (Chem.) To combine wtih carbon or a carbon compound; --
said esp. of a process for conferring a higher degree of illuminating
power on combustible gases by mingling them with a vapor of valatile
hydrocarbons.
Carcajou
Car"ca*jou (?), n. [Probably a Canadian French corruption of an Indian
name of the wolverene.] (Zo\'94l.) The wolverence; -- also applied,
but erroneously, to the Canada lynx, and sometimes to the American
badger. See Wolverene.
Carcanet
Car"ca*net (?), n. [Dim. fr. F. carcan the iron collar or chain of a
criminal, a chain of preciousstones, LL. carcannum, fr. Armor. kerchen
bosom, neck, kechen collar, fr. kelch circle; or Icel. kverk troat,
OHG, querca throat.] A jeweled chain, necklace, or collar. [Also
written carkenet and carcant.] Shak.
Carcase
Car"case (?), n. See Carcass.
Carcass
Car"cass (?), n.; pl. Carcasses (#). [Written also carcase.] [F.
carcasse, fr. It. carcassa, fr. L. caro flesh + capsa chest, box,
case. Cf. Carnal, Case a sheath.]
1. A dead body, whether of man or beast; a corpse; now commonly the
dead body of a beast.
He turned to see the carcass of the lion. Judges xiv. 8.
This kept thousands in the town whose carcasses went into the great
pits by cartloads. De Foe.
2. The living body; -- now commonly used in contempt or ridicule. "To
pamper his own carcass." South.
Lovely her face; was ne'er so fair a creature. For earthly carcass
had a heavenly feature. Oldham.
3. The abandoned and decaying remains of some bulky and once comely
thing, as a ship; the skeleton, or the uncovered or unfinished frame,
of a thing.
A rotten carcass of a boat. Shak.
4. (Mil.) A hollow case or shell, filled with combustibles, to be
thrown from a mortar or howitzer, to set fire to buldings, ships, etc.
A discharge of carcasses and bombshells. W. Iving.
Carcavelhos
Car`ca*vel"hos (?), n. A sweet wine. See Calcavella.
Carcelage
Car"ce*lage (?), n. [LL. carcelladium, carceragium, fr. L. carcer
prison.] Prison fees. [Obs.]
Carcel lamp
Car"cel lamp` (?). [Named after Carcel, the inventor.] A French
mechanical lamp, for lighthouses, in which a superbundance of oil is
pumped to the wick tube by clockwork.
Carceral
Car"cer*al (?), a. [L. carceralis, fr. carcer prison.] Belonging a
prison. [R.] Foxe.
Carcinological
Car`ci*no*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to carcinology.
Carcinology
Car`ci*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] (Zo\'94l.) The depertment of
zo\'94logy which treats of the Crustacea (lobsters, crabs, etc.); --
called also malacostracology and crustaceology.
Carcinoma
Car`ci*no"ma (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. -oma.] (Med.) A cancer. By some
medical writers, the term is applied to an indolent tumor. See Cancer.
Dunglison.
Carcinomatous
Car`ci*nom"a*tous (?), a. Of or pertaining to carcinoma.
Carcinosys
Car`ci*no"sys (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. The affection of the system with
cancer.
Card
Card (?), n. [F. carte, fr. L. charta paper, Gr. Chart.]
1. A piece of pasteboard, or thick paper, blank or prepared for
various uses; as, a playing card; a visiting card; a card of
invitation; pl. a game played with cards.
Our first cards were to Carabas House. Thackeray.
2. A published note, containing a brief statement, explanation,
request, expression of thanks, or the like; as, to put a card in the
newspapers. Also, a printed programme, and (fig.), an attraction or
inducement; as, this will be a good card for the last day of the fair.
3. A paper on which the points of the compass are marked; the dial or
face of the mariner's compass.
All the quartere that they know I' the shipman's card. Shak.
4. (Weaving) A perforated pasteboard or sheet-metal plate for warp
threads, making part of the Jacquard apparatus of a loom. See
Jacquard.
5. An indicator card. See under Indicator.
Business card, a card on which is printed an advertisement or business
address. -- Card basket (a) A basket to hold visiting cards left by
callers. (b) A basket made of cardboard. -- Card catalogue. See
Catalogue. -- Card rack, a rack or frame for holding and displaying
business or visiting card. -- Card table, a table for use inplaying
cards, esp. one having a leaf which folds over. -- On the cards,
likely to happen; foretold and expected but not yet brought to pass;
-- a phrase of fortune tellers that has come into common use; also,
according to the programme. -- Playing card, cards used in playing
games; specifically, the cards cards used playing which and other
games of chance, and having each pack divided onto four kinds or suits
called hearts, diamonds, clubs, and spades. The full or whist pack
contains fifty-two cards. -- To have the cards in one's own hands, to
have the winning cards; to have the means of success in an
undertaking. -- To play one's cards well, to make no errors; to act
shrewdly. -- To play snow one's cards, to expose one's plants to
rivals or foes. -- To speak by the card, to speak from information and
definitely, not by guess as in telling a ship's bearing by the compass
card. -- Visiting card, a small card bearing the name, and sometimes
the address, of the person presenting it.
Card
Card, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Carded; p. pr. & vb. n. Carding.] To play at
cards; to game. Johnson.
Card
Card, n. [F. carde teasel, the head of a thistle, card, from L.
carduus, cardus, thistle, fr. carere to card.]
1. An instrument for disentangling and arranging the fibers of cotton,
wool, flax, etc.; or for cleaning and smoothing the hair of animals;
-- usually consisting of bent wire teeth set closely in rows in a
thick piece of leather fastened to a back.
2. A roll or sliver of fiber (as of wool) delivered from a carding
machine.
Card clothing, strips of wire-toothed card used for covering the
cylinders of carding machines.
Card
Card (?), v. t.
1. To comb with a card; to cleanse or disentangle by carding; as, to
card wool; to card a horse.
These card the short comb the longer flakes. Dyer.
2. To clean or clear, as if by using a card. [Obs.]
This book [must] be carded and purged. T. Shelton.
3. To mix or mingle, as with an inferior or weaker article. [Obs.]
You card your beer, if you guests being to be drunk. -- half small,
half strong. Greene.
NOTE: &hand; In the manufacture of wool, cotton, etc., the process
of carding disentangles and collects together all the fibers, of
whatever length, and thus differs from combing, in which the longer
fibers only are collected, while the short straple is combed away.
See Combing.
Cardamine
Car"da*mine (?), n. [L. cardamina, Gr. cardamine.] (Bot.) A genus of
cruciferous plants, containing the lady's-smock, cuckooflower, bitter
cress, meadow cress, etc.
Cardamom
Car"da*mom (?), n. [L. cardamonun, Gr.
1. The aromatic fruit, or capsule with its seeds, of several plants of
the Ginger family growing in the East Indies and elsewhere, and much
used as a condiment, and in medicine.
2. (Bot.) A plant which prduces cardamoms, esp. Elettaria Cardamomum
and several of Amommum.
Cardboard
Card"board (?), n. A stiff compact pasteboard of various qualities,
for making cards, etc., often having a polished surface.
Cardcase
Card"case` (?), n. A case for visiting cards.
Cardecu
Car"de*cu (?), n. [Corrupt, from F. quart d'\'82cu.] A quarter of a
crown. [Obs.]
The bunch of them were not worth a cardecu. Sir W. Scott.
Carder
Card"er (?), n. One who, or that which cards wool flax, etc. Shak.
Cardia
Car"di*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) (a) The heart. (b) The anterior
or cardiac orifice of the stomach, where the esophagus enters it.
Cardiac
Car"di*ac (?), a. [L. cardiacus, Gr. , fr. cardiaque.]
1. (Anat.) Pertaining to, resembling, or hear the heart; as, the
cardiac arteries; the cardiac, or left, end of the stomach.
2. (Med.) Exciting action in the heart, through the medium of the
stomach; cordial; stimulant.
Cardiac passion (Med.) cardialgia; heartburn. [Archaic] -- Cardiac
wheel. (Mach.) See Heart wheel.
Cardiac
Car"di*ac n. (Med.) A medicine which excites action in the stomach; a
cardial.
Cardiacal
Car*di"a*cal (?), a. Cardiac.
Cardiacle
Car"di*a*cle (?), n. A pain about the heart. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Cardiagraph
Car"di*a*graph (?), n. See Cardiograph.
Cardialgla, Cardialgy
Car`di*al"gl*a (?), Car"di*al`gy (?), n. [NL. cardialgia, fr. Gr.
cardialgie.] (Med.) A burning or gnawing pain, or feeling of distress,
referred to the region of the heart, accompanied with cardisc
palpitation; heartburn. It is usually a symptom of indigestion.
Cardigan jacket
Car"di*gan jack`et (#). [From the Earl of Cardigan, who was famous in
the Crimean campaign of 1854-55.] A warm jacket of knit worsted with
or without sleeves.
Cardinal
Car"di*nal (?), a. [L. cardinalis, fr. cardo the hing of a door, that
on which a thing turns or depends: cf. F. cardinal.] Of fundamental
importance; pre\'89minet; superior; chief; principal.
The cardinal intersections of the zodiac. Sir T. Browne.
Impudence is now a cardinal virtue. Drayton.
But cardinal sins, and hollow hearts, I fear ye. Shak.
Cardinal numbers, the numbers one, two, three, etc., in distinction
from first, second, third, etc., which are called ordinal numbers. --
Cardinal points (a) (Geol.) The four principal points of the compass,
or intersections of the horizon with the meridian and the prime
vertical circle, north, south east, and west. (b) (Astrol.) The rising
and setting of the sun, the zenith and nadir. -- Cardinal signs
(Astron.) Aries, Lidra, Cancer, and Capricorn. -- Cardinal teeth
(Zo\'94l.), the central teeth of bivalve shell. See Bivalve. --
Cardinal veins (Anat.), the veins in vertebrate embryos, which run
each side of the vertebral column and returm the blood to the heart.
They remain through life in some fishes. -- Cardinal virtues,
pre\'89minent virtues; among the ancients, prudence, justice,
temperance, and fortitude. -- Cardinal winds, winds which blow from
the cardinal points due north, south, east, or west.
Cardinal
Car"di*nal, n. [F. carinal, It. cardinale, LL. cardimalis (ecclesi\'91
Roman\'91). See Cardinal, a.] 1. (R.C.Ch.) One of the ecclesiastical
prince who constitute the pope's council, or the sacred college.
The clerics of the supreme Chair are called Cardinals, as
undoubtedly adhering more nearly to the hinge by which all things
are moved. Pope Leo IX.
NOTE: &hand; Th e ca rdinals ar e ap pointed by the pope. Since the
time of Sixtus V., their number can never exceed seventy (six of
episcopal rank, fifty priests, fourteen deacons), and the number of
cardinal priests and deacons is seldom full. When the papel chair
is vacant a pope is elected by the college of cardinals from among
themselves. The cardinals take procedence of all dignitaries except
the pope. The principal parts of a cardinal's costume are a red
cassock, a rochet, a short purple mantle, and a red hat with a
small crown and broad, brim, with cards and tessels of a special
pattern hanging from it.
2. A woman's short cloak with a hood.
Where's your cardinal! Make haste. Lloyd.
3. Mulled red wine. Hotten.
_________________________________________________________________
Page 218
Cardinal bird, OR Cardinal grosbeak (Zo\'94l.), an American song bird
(Cardinalis cardinalis, or C. Virginianus), of the family
Fringillid\'91, or finches having a bright red plumage, and a high,
pointed crest on its head. The males have loud and musical notes
resembling those of a fife. Other related species are also called
cardinal birds. -- Cardinal flower (Bot.), an herbaceous plant
(Lobelia cardinalis) bearing brilliant red flowers of much beauty. --
Cardinal red, color like that of a cardinal's cassock, hat, etc.; a
bright red, darket than scarlet, and between scarlet and crimson.
Cardinalate
Car"di*nal*ate (?), n. [Cf. F. cardinalat, LL. cardinalatus.] The
office, rank, or dignity of a cardinal.
Cardinalize
Car"di*nal*ize (?), v. t. To exalt to the office of a cardinal.
Sheldon.
Cardinalship
Car"di*nal*ship, n. The condition, dignity, of office of a cardinal
Carding
Card"ing (?), a.
1. The act or process of preparing staple for spinning, etc.,
bycarding it. See the Note under Card, v. t.
2. A roll of wool or other fiber as it comes from the carding machine.
Carding engine, Carding machine, a machine for carding cotton, wool,
or other fiber, by subjecting it to the action of cylinders, or drum
covered with wire-toothed cards, revoling nearly in contact with each
other, at different rates of speed, or in opposite directions, The
staple issues in soft sheets, or in slender rolls called sivers.
Cardiograph
Car"di*o*graph (?), n. [Gr. -graph.] (Med.) An instrument which, when
placed in contact with the chest, will register graphically the
comparative duration and intensity of the heart's movements.
Cardiographic
Car`di*o*graph"ic (?), a. (Physiol.) Of or pertaining to, or produced
by, a cardiograph.
Cardioid
Car"di*oid (?), n. [Gr. ( (Math.) An algebraic curve, so called from
its resemblance to a heart.
Cardioinhibitory
Car`di*o*in*hib"i*to*ry (?), a. (Physiol.) Checking or arresting the
heart's action.
Cardiolgy
Car`di*ol"*gy (?), n. [Gr. -ology.] The science which treats of the
heart and its functions.
Cardiometry
Car`di*om"e*try (?), n. [Gr. -metry.] (Med.) Measurement of the heart,
as by percussion or auscultation.
Cardiosphygmograph
Car`di*o*sphyg"mo*graph (?), n. A combination of cardiograph and
shygmograph.
Carditis
Car*di"tis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. -itis: cf. F. cardile.] (Med)
Inflammation of the fleshy or muscular substance of the heart. See
Endocardris and Pericarditis. Dunglison.
Cardo
Car"do (?), n.; pl. Cardies (#).) [L., a hinge.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) The
basal joint of the maxilla in insects. (b) The hinge of a bivalve
shell.
Cardol
Car"dol (?), n. [NL. Anacardium generic name of the cashew + L. oleum
oil.] (Chem.) A yellow oil liquid, extracted from the shell of the
cashew nut.
Cardoon
Car*doon" (?), n. [F. cardon. The same word as F. cardon thistle, fr.
L. carduus, cardus, LL. cardo. See 3d Card.] (Bot.) A large herbaceos
plant (Cynara Cardunculus) related to the artichoke; -- used in
cookery and as a sald.
Care
Care (?), n. [AS. caru, cearu; akin to OS. kara sorrow Goth. kara
lament, and to Gr. . Not akin to cure. Cf. Chary.]
1. A burdensome sense of responsibility; trouble caused by onerous
duties; anxiety; concern; solicitude.
Care keeps his wath in every old man's eye, And where care lodges,
sleep will never lie. Shak.
2. Charge, oversight, or management, implying responsibility for
safety and prosperity.
The care of all the churches. 2 Car. xi. 28
Him thy care must be to find. Milton.
Perlexed with a thousand cares. Shak.
3. Attention or heed; caution; regard; heedfulness; watchfulness; as,
take care; have a care.
I thank thee for thy care and honest pains. Shak.
4. The object of watchful attention or anxiety.
Right sorrowfully mourning her bereaved cares. Spenser.
Syn. -- Anxiety; solicitude; concern; caution; regard; management;
direction; oversight. -- Care, Anxiety, Solicitude, Concern. These
words express mental pain in different degress. Care belongs primarily
to the intellect, and becomes painful from overburdened thought.
Anxiety denotes a state of distressing uneasiness fron the dread of
evil. Solicitude expresses the same feeling in a diminished dagree.
Concern is opposed to indifference, and implies exercise of anxious
thought more or less intense. We are careful about the means,
solicitous and anxious about the end; we are solicitous to obtain a
good, axious to avoid an evil.
Care
Care, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Cared (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Caring.] [AS.
cearian. See Care, n.] To be anxious or solictous; to be concerned; to
have regard or interest; -- sometimes followed by an objective of
measure.
I would not care a pin, if the other three were in. Shak.
Master, carest thou not that we perish? Mark. iv. 38.
To care for. (a) To have under watchful attention; to take care of.
(b) To have regard or affection for; to like or love.
He cared not for the affection of the house. Tennyson.
Careen
Ca*reen" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Careened (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Careening.] [OF. cariner, F. car\'82ner, fr. OF. car\'8ane, the bottom
of a ship, keel, fr. L. carina.] (Naut.) To cause (a vessel) to lean
over so that she floats on one side, leaving the other side out of
water and accessible for repairs below the water line; to case to be
off the keel.
Careen
Ca*reen" (, v. i. To incline to one side, or lie over, as a ship when
sailing on a wind; to be off the keel.
Careenage
Ca*reen"age (?), n. [Cf. F. car\'82nage.] (Naut.) (a) Expense of
careening ships. (b) A place for careening.
Career
Ca*reer" (?), n. [F. carri\'8are race course, high road, street, fr.
L. carrus wagon. See Car.]
1. A race course: the ground run over.
To go back again the same career. Sir P. Sidney.
2. A running; full speed; a rapid course.
When a horse is running in his full career. Wilkins.
3. General course of action or conduct in life, or in a particular
part or calling in life, or in some special undertaking; usually
applied to course or conduct which is of a pubic character; as,
Washington's career as a soldier.
An impartial view of his whole career. Macaulay.
4. (Falconary) The fight of a hawk.
Career
Ca*reer", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Careered 3; p. pr. & vb. n. Careering]
To move or run rapidly.
areering gayly over the curling waves. W. Irving.
Careful
Care"ful (?), a. [AS. cearful.]
1. Full of care; anxious; solicitous [Archaic]
Be careful [Rev. Ver. "anxious"] for nothing. Phil. iv. 6.
The careful plowman doubting stands. Milton.
2. Filling with care or colicitube; exposing to concern, anxiety, or
trouble; painful.
The careful cold beinneth for to creep. Spenser.
By Him that raised me to this careful height. Shak.
3. Taking care; gicing good heed; watchful; cautious; provident; not
indifferent heedless, or reckless; -- often follower byof, for, or the
infinitive; as, careful of money; careful to do right.
Thou hast been careful for us with all this care. 2. Kings iv, 13.
What could a careful father more have done? Dryden.
Syn. -- Anxious; solicitous; provident; thoughtful; cautious;
circumspect; heedful; watchful; vigilant.
Carefully
Care"ful*ly, adv. In a careful manner.
Carefulness
Care"ful*ness, n. Quality or state of being careful.
Careless
Care"less (?), a. [AS. cearle\'a0s.]
1. Free from care or anxiety. hence, cheerful; light-hearted. Spenser.
Sleep she as sound as careless infancy. Shak.
2. Having no care; not taking ordinary or proper care; negligent;
unconcerned; heedless; inattentive; unmindful; regardless.
My brother was too careless of his charge. Shak.
He grew careless of himself. Steele.
3. Without thought or purpose; without due care; without attention to
rule or system; unstudied; inconsiderate; spontaneouse; rash; as, a
careless throw; a careless expression.
He framed the careless rhyme. Beatie.
4. Not receiving care; uncared for. [R.]
Their many wounds and careless hatms. Spemser.
Syn. -- Negligent; heedless; thoughtless; unthinking; inattentive;
incautious; remiss; forgetful; regardless; inconsiderate; listless.
Carelessly
Care"less*ly, adv. In a careless manner.
Carelessness
Care"less*ness, n. The quality or state of being careless;
heedlessness; negligenece; inattention.
Carene
Ca*rene" (?), n. [LL. carena, corrupted fr. quarentena. See
Quarantine.] (Ecol.) A fast of forty days on bread and water. [Obs.]
Caress
Ca*ress" (?), n. [F. caresse, It. carezza, LL. caritia dearness, fr.
L. carus dear. See Charity.] An act of endearment; any act or
expression of affection; an embracing, or touching, with tenderness.
Wooed her with his soft caresses. Langfellow.
He exerted himself to win by indulgence and caresses the hearts of
all who were under his command. Macaulay.
Caress
Ca*ress", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Caressed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Caressing.] [F. caresser, fr. It. carezzare, fr. carezza caress. See
Caress., n.] To treat with tokens of fondness, affection, or kindness;
to touch or speak to in a loving or endearing manner; to fondle.
The lady caresses the rough bloodhoun. Sir W. Scott.
Syn. -- To foundle; embrace; pet; coddle; court; flatter. -- Caress,
Fondle. "We caress by words or actions; we fondle by actions only."
Crabb.
Caressingly
Ca*ress"ing*ly, ad. In caressing manner.
Caret
Ca"ret (?), n. [L. caret there is wanting, fr. carere to want.] A mark
[^] used by writers and proof readers to indicate that something is
interlined above, or inserted in the margin, which belongs in the
place marked by the caret.
Caret
Ca`ret" (?), n. [F., a species of tortoise.] (Zo\'94l.) The hawkbill
turtle. See Hawkbill.
Caretuned
Care"*tuned (?), a. Weary; mournful. Shak.
Careworn
Care"worn` (?), a. Worn or burdened with care; as, careworn look or
face.
Carex
Ca"rex (?), n. [L., sedge.] (Bot.) A numerous and widely distributed
genus of perennial herbaceous plants of the order Cypreace\'91; the
sedges.
Carf
Carf (?), pret. of Carve. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Cargason
Car"ga*son (?), n. [F. cargaison, Sp. cargazon, LL. cargare to load.
See rgo.] A cargo. [Obs.]
Cargo
Car"go (?), n.; pl. Cargoes (#). [Sp. cargo, carga, burden, load, from
cargar to load, from cargar to load, charge, See Charge.] The lading
or freight of a ship or other vessel; the goods, merchandise, or
whatever is conveyed in a vessel or boat; load; freight.
Cargoes of food or clothing. E. Everett.
NOTE: &hand; Th e te rm ca rgo, in law, is usually applied to goods
only, and not to live animals or persons.
Burill.
Cargoose
Car"goose` (?), n. [Perh. fr. Gael. & Ir. cir, cior (pronounced kir,
kior), crest, comb + E. goose. Cf. Crebe.] (Zo\'94l.) A species of
grebe (Podiceps crisratus); the crested grebe.
\'80ariama
\'80a"ri*a"ma (?), n. [Native name.] (Zo\'94l.) A large, long-legged
South American bird (Dicholophus cristatus) which preys upon snakes,
etc. See Seriema.
Carib
Car"ib (?), n.; pl. Caries. [See Cannibal.] (Ethol.) A native of the
Caribbee islands or the coaste of the Caribbean sea; esp., one of a
tribe of Indians inhabiting a region of South America, north of the
Amazon, and formerly most of the West India islands.
Caribbean, Caribbee
Car`ib*be"an (?), Car`ib*bee (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Caribs,
to their islands (the eastern and southern West Indies), or to the sea
(called the Caribbean sa) lying between those islands and Central
America.
Caribbee
Car"ib*bee, n. A Carib.
Caribe
Ca*ri"be (?), n. [Sp. a cannibal.] (Zo\'94l). A south American fresh
water fish of the genus Serrasalmo of many species, remakable for its
voracity. When numerous they attack man or beast, often with fatal
results.
Caribou
Car"i*bou (?), n. [Canadian French.] (Zo\'94l.) The American reindeer,
especially the common or woodland species (Rangifer Caribou). Barren
Ground caribou. See under Barren. -- Woodland caribou, the common
reindeer (Rangifer Caribou) of the northern forests of America.
Caricature
Car"i*ca*ture (?), n. [It. caricatura, fr. caricare to charge,
overload, exaggerate. See Charge, v. t.]
1. An exaggeration, or distortion by exaggeration, of parts or
characteristics, as in a picture.
2. A picture or other figure or description in which the peculiarities
of a person or thing are so exaggerated as to appear ridiculous; a
burlesque; a parody. [Formerly written caricatura.]
The truest likeness of the prince of French literature will be the
one that has most of the look of a caricature. I. Taylor.
A grotesque caricature of virtue. Macaulay.
Caricature
Car"i*ca*ture, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Caricatured (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Caricaturing.] To make or draw a caricature of; to represent with
ridiculous exaggeration; to burlesque.
He could draw an ill face, or caricature a good one, with a
masterly hand. Lord Lyttelton.
Caricaturist
Car"i*ca*tu`rist (?), n. One who caricatures.
Caricous
Car"i*cous (?), a. [L. carica a kind of dry fig.] Of the shape of a
fig; as, a caricous tumor. Graig.
Caries
Ca"ri*es (?), n.[L., decay.] (Med.) Ulceration of bone; a process in
which bone disintegrates and is carried away piecemeal, as
distinguished from necrosis, in which it dies in masses.
Carillon
Car"il*lon (?), n. [F. carillon a chime of bells, originally
consisting of four bells, as if fr.. (assumed) L. quadrilio, fr.
quatuer four.]
1. (Mus.) A chime of bells diatonically tuned, played by clockwork or
by finger keys.
2. A tune adapted to be played by musical bells.
Carina
Ca*ri"na (?), n. [L., keel.]
1. (Bot.) A keel. (a) That part of a papilionaceous flower, consisting
of two petals, commonly united, which incloses the organs of
fructification. (b) A longitudinal ridge or projection like the keel
of a boat.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The keel of the breastbone of birds.
Carinaria
Car`i*na"ri*a (?), n. [NL., fr. L. carina keel.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of
oceanic heteropod Mollusca, having a thin, glassy, bonnet-shaped
shell, which covers only the nucleus and gills.
Carinat\'91
Car`i*na"t\'91 (?), n. pl. [NL., Fem. pl. fr. L. carinatus. See
Carinate.] A grand division of birds, including all existing flying
birds; -- So called from the carina or keel on the breastbone.
Carinate, Carinated
Car"i*nate (?), Car"i*na`ted (?) a. [L. carinatus, fr. carina keel.]
Shaped like the keel or prow of a ship; having a carina or keel; as, a
carinate calyx or leaf; a carinate sternum (of a bird).
Cariole
Car"i*ole (?), n. [F. carriole, dim. fr. L. carrus. See Car, and
Carryall.] (a) A small, light, open one-horse carriage. (b) A covered
cart. (c) A kind of calash. See Carryall.
Cariopsis
Car"i*op"sis (?), n. See Caryopsis.
Cariosity
Ca`ri*os"i*ty (?), n. (Med.) Caries.
Carious
Ca"ri*ous (?), a. [L. cariosus, fr. caries dacay.] Affected with
caries; decaying; as, a carious tooth.
Cark
Cark (?), n. [OE. cark, fr. a dialectic form of F. charge; cf. W. carc
anxiety, care, Arm karg charge, burden. See Charge, and cf. Cargo.] A
noxious or corroding care; solicitude; worry. [Archaic.]
His heavy head, devoid of careful cark. Spenser.
Fling cark and care aside. Motherwell.
Ereedom from the cares of money and the cark of fashion. R. D.
Blackmore.
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Cark
Cark (?), v. i. To be careful, anxious, solicitous, or troubles in
mind; to worry or grieve. [R.] Beau. & fl.
Cark
Cark, v. t. To vex; to worry; to make by anxious care or worry. [R.]
Nor can a man, independently . . . of God's blessing, care and cark
himself one penny richer. South.
Carkanet
Car"ka*net (?), n. A carcanet. Southey.
Carking
Cark"ing (?), a. Distressing; worrying; perplexing; corroding; as,
carking cares.
Carl
Carl (?), n. [Icel, karl a male, a man; akin to AS. ceorl, OHG.
charal, G. kerl fellow. See Churl.] [Written also carle.]
1. A rude, rustic man; a churl.
The miller was a stout carl. Chaucer.
2. Large stalks of hemp which bear the seed; -- called also carl hemp.
3. pl. A kind of food. See citation, below.
Caring or carl are gray steeped in water and fried the next day in
butter or fat. They are eaten on the second Sunday before Easter,
formerly called Carl Sunday. Robinson's Whitby Glossary (1875).
Carlin
Car"lin (?), n. [Dim., fr. carl male.] An old woman. [Scot. & Prov.
Eng.]
Carline, Caroline
Car"line (?), Car"o*line (?), n. [F. carin; cf. It. carlino; -- so
called from Carlo (Charles) VI. of Naples.] A silver coin once current
in some parts of Italy, worth about seven cents. Simmonds.
Carline, Carling
Car"line (?), Car"ling (?) n. [Cf. F. carlingur, Sp. Pg., & It.
carlinga.] (Naut.) A short timber running lengthwise of a ship, from
one transverse desk beam to another; also, one of the cross timbers
that strengthen a hath; -- usually in pl.
Carline thistle
Car"line this`tle (?). [F. carline, It., Sp., & Pg., carline, Said to
be so called from the Emperor Charlemagne, whose army is reputed to
have used it as a remedy for pestilence.] (Bot.) A prickly plant of
the genus Carlina (C. vulgaris), found in Europe and Asia.
Carlings
Car"lings (?), n. pl. Same as Carl, 3. Carling Sunday, a Sunday in
Lent when carls are eaten. In some parts of England, Passion Sunday.
See Carl, 4.
Carlist
Car"list (?), n. A parisan of Charles X. Of France, or of Dod Carlos
of Spain.
Carlock
Car"lock (?), n. [F. carlock, fr. Russ. Karl\'a3k'.] A sort of Russian
isinglass, made from the air bladder of the sturgeon, and used in
clarifying wine.
Carlot
Car"lot (?), n. [From Carl.] A churl; a boor; a peasant or countryman.
[Obs.] Shak.
Carlovingian
Car`lo*vin"gi*an (?), a. [F. Carlovingen.] Pertaining to, founded by,
of descended from, Charlemagne; as, the Carlovingian race of kings.
Carmagnole
Car`ma`gnole" (?), n. [F.]
1. A popular or Red Rebublican song and dance, of the time of the
first French Revolution.
They danced and yelled the carmagnole. Compton Reade.
2. A bombastic report from the French armies.
Carman
Car"man (?), n.; pl. Carmen ( A man whose employment is to drive, or
to convey goods in, a car or car.
Carmelite, Carmelin
Car"mel*ite (?), Car"mel*in a. Of or pertaining to the order of
Carmelites.
Carmelite
Car"mel*ite (?), n.
1. (Eccl. Hist.) A friar of a mendicant order (the Order of Our Lady
of Mount Carmel) established on Mount Carmel, in Syria, in the twelfth
century; a White Friar.
2. A nun of the Order of Our lady of Mount Carmel.
Carminated
Car"mi*na`ted (?), a. Of, relating to, or mixed with, carmine; as,
carminated lake. Tomlinson.
Carminative
Car*min"ative (?), a. [NL. carminativus (carminare to card hence to
cleanse, fr. carmen a card for freeing wool or flax from the coarser
parts, and from extraneous matter: cf. F. carminatif.] Expelling wind
from the body; warning; antispasmodic. "Carmenative hot seeds."
Dunglison.
Carminative
Car*min"a*tive, n. A substance, esp. an aromatic, which tends to expel
wind from the alimentary canal, or to relieve colic, griping, or
flatulence.
Carmine
Car"mine (?), n. [F. carmin (cf. Sp. carmin, It. carminio), contr.
from LL. carmesinus purple color. See Crimson.]
1. A rich red or crimson color with a shade of purple.
2. A beautiful pigment, or a lake, of this color, prepared from
cochineal, and used in miniature painting.
3. (Chem.) The essential coloring principle of cochineal, extracted as
a purple-red amorphous mass. It is a glucoside and possesses acid
properties; -- hence called also carminic acid.
Carmine red (Chem.), a coloring matter obtained from carmine as a
purple-red substance, and probably allied to the phthale\'8bns.
Carminic
Car*min"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to, or derived from, carmine.
Carminic acid. Same as Carmine, 3.
Carmot
Car"mot (?), n. (Alchemy) The matter of which the philosopher's stone
was believed to be composed.
Carnage
Car"nage (?), n. [F. carnage, LL. carnaticum tribute of animals, flesh
of animals, fr. L. caro, carnis, flesh. See Carnal.]
1. Flesh of slain animals or men.
A miltitude of dogs came to feast on the carnage. Macaulay.
2. Great destruction of life, as in battle; bloodshed; slaughter;
massacre; murder; havoc.
The more fearful carnage of the Bloody Circuit. Macaulay.
Carnal
Car"nal (?), a. [L. carnalis, fr. caro, carnis, flesh; akin to Gr.
kravya; cf. F. charnel, Of. also carnel. Cf. Charnel.]
1. Of or pertaining to the body or is appetites; animal; fleshly;
sensual; given to sensual indulgence; lustful; human or worldly as
opposed to spiritual.
For ye are yet carnal. 1 Car. iii. 3.
Not sunk in carnal pleasure. Milton
rnal desires after miracles. Trench.
2. Flesh-devouring; cruel; ravenous; bloody. [Obs.]
This carnal cur Preys on the issue of his mother's body. Shak.
Carnal knowledge, sexual intercourse; -- used especially of an
unlawful act on the part of the man.
Carnalism
Car"nal*ism (?), n. The state of being carnal; carnality; sensualism.
[R.]
Carnalist
Car"nal*ist (?), n. A sensualist. Burton.
Carnality
Car*nal"i*ty (?), n. [L. carnalitas.] The state of being carnal;
fleshly lust, or the indulgence of lust; grossness of mind.
Because of the carnality of their hearts. Tillotson.
Carnalize
Car"nal*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Carnalized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Carnalizing.] To make carnal; to debase to carnality.
A sensual and carnalized spirit. John Scott.
Carnallite
Car"nal*lite (?), n. [G. carnallit, fr. Von Carnall, a Prussian.]
(Min.) A hydrous chloride of potassium and magnesium, sometimes found
associated with deposits of rock salt.
Carnally
Car"nal*ly (?), adv. According to the flesh, to the world, or to human
nature; in a manner to gratify animal appetites and lusts; sensually.
For to be carnally minded is death; but to be spiritually minded is
life and peace. Rom. viii. 6.
Carnal-minded
Car"nal-mind`ed (?), a. Worldly-minded.
Carnal-mindedness
Car"nal-mind"ed*ness, n. Grossness of mind.
Carnary
Car"na*ry (?), n. [L. carnarium, fr. caro, carnis, flesh.] A vault or
crypt in connection with a church, used as a repository for human
bones disintered from their original burial places; a charnel house.
Carnassial
Car*nas"si*al (?), a. [Cf. F. carnassier carnivorous, and L. caro,
carnis, flesh.] (Anat.) Adapted to eating flesh. -- n. A carnassial
tooth; especially, the last premolar in many carnivores.
Carnate
Car"nate (?), a. [L. carnatus fleshy.] Invested with, or embodied in,
flesh.
Carnation
Car*na"tion (?), n. [F. carnation the flesh tints in a painting, It
carnagione, fr. L. carnatio fleshiness, fr. caro, carnis, flesh. See
Carnal.]
1. The natural color of flesh; rosy pink.
Her complexion of the delicate carnation. Ld. Lytton.
2. pl. (Paint.) Those parts of a picture in which the human body or
any part of it is represented in full color; the flesh tints.
The flesh tints in painting are termed carnations. Fairholt.
3. (Bot.) A species of Dianthus (D. Caryophyllus) or pink, having very
beautiful flowers of various colors, esp. white and usually a rich,
spicy scent.
Carnationed
Car*na"tioned (?), a. Having a flesh color.
Carnauba
Car*nau"ba (?), n. (Bot.) The Brazilian wax palm. See Wax palm.
Carnelian
Car*nel"ian (?), n. [For carnelian; influenced by L. carneus fleshy,
of flesh, because of its flesh red color. See Cornellan.] (Min.) A
variety of chalcedony, of a clear, deep red, flesh red, or reddish
white color. It is moderately hard, capable of a good polish, and
often used for seals.
Carneous
Car"ne*ous (?), a. [L. carneus, from caro, carnis, flesh.] Consisting
of, or like, flesh; carnous; fleshy. "Carneous fibers." Ray.
Carney
Car"ney (?), n. [Cf. L. carneus flesh.] (Far.) A disease of horses, on
which the mouth is so furred that the afflicted animal can not eat.
Carnifex
Car"ni*fex (?), n. [L., fr. caro, carnis, flesh + facere to make.]
(Antiq.) The public executioner at Rome, who executed persons of the
lowest rank; hence, an executioner or hangman.
Carnification
Car`ni*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. carnification.] The act or process
of turning to flesh, or to a substance resembling flesh.
Carnify
Car"ni*fy (?), v. i. [LL. carnificare, fr. L.o, carnis, flesh + facere
to make: cf. F. carnifier.] To form flesh; to become like flesh. Sir
M. Hale.
Carnin
Car"nin (?), n. [L. caro, canis , flesh.] (Chem.) A white crystalline
nitrogenous substance, found in extract of meat, and related to
xanthin.
Carnival
Car"ni*val (?), n. [It. carnevale, prob. for older carnelevale, prop.,
the putting away of meat; fr. L. caro, carnis, flesh _ levare to take
away, lift up, fr. levis light.]
1. A festival celebrated with merriment and revelry in Roman Gatholic
countries during the week before Lent, esp. at Rome and Naples, during
a few days (three to ten) before Lent, ending with Shrove Tuesday.
The carnival at Venice is everywhere talked of. Addison.
2. Any merrymaking, feasting, or masquerading, especially when
overstepping the bounds of decorum; a time of riotous excess.
Tennyson.
He saw the lean dogs beneath the wall Hold o'er the dead their
carnival Byron.
Carnivora
Car*niv"o*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., neut. pl. from L. carnivorus. See
Carnivorous.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of Mammallia including the lion,
tiger, wolf bear, seal, etc. They are adapted by their structure to
feed upon flesh, though some of them, as the bears, also eat vegetable
food. The teeth are large and sharp, suitable for cutting flesh, and
the jaws powerful.
Carnivoracity
Car*niv`o*rac"i*ty (?), n. Greediness of appetite for flesh.
[Sportive.] Pope.
Carnivore
Car`ni*vore (?), n. [Cf. F. carnivore.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the
Carnivora.
Carnivorous
Car*niv"o*rous (?), a. [L. carnivorus; caro, carnis, flesh + varare to
devour.] Eating or feeding on flesh. The term is applied: (a) to
animals which naturally seek flesh for food, as the tiger, dog, etc.;
(b) to plants which are supposed to absorb animal food; (c) to
substances which destroy animal tissue, as caustics.
Carnose, Carnous
Car*nose (?), Car"*nous (?), a. [L. carnosus, fr. caro, carnis, flesh:
cf. OF. carneux, F. charneux.]
1. Of a pertaining to flesh; fleshy.
A distinct carnose muscle. Ray.
2. (Bot.) Of a fleshy consistence; -- applied to succulent leaves,
stems, etc.
Carnosity
Car*nos"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. carnosit\'82.]
1. (Med.) A fleshy excrescence; esp. a small excrescence or fungous
growth. Wiseman.
2. Fleshy substance or quality; fleshy covering.
[Consciences] overgrown with so hard a carnosity. Spelman.
The olives, indeed be very small there, and bigger than capers; yet
commended they are for their carnosity. Holland.
Carob
Car"ob (?), n. [Cf. F. caroube fruit of the carob tree, Sp. garrobo,
al-garrobo, carob tree, fr. Ar. kharr\'d4b, Per. Kharn\'d4b. Cf.
Clgaroba.]
1. (Bot.) An evergreen leguminous tree (Ceratania Siliqua) found in
the countries bordering the Mediterranean; the St. John's bread; --
called also carob tree.
2. One of the long, sweet, succulent, pods of the carob tree, which
are used as food for animals and sometimes eaten by man; -- called
also St. John's bread, carob bean, and algaroba bean.
Caroche
Ca*roche" (?), n. [OF. carrache, F. carrose from It. carrocio,
carrozza, fr. carro, L. carus. See Car.] A kind of pleasure carriage;
a coach. [Obs.]
To mount two-wheeled caroches. Butler.
Caroched
Ca*roched" (?), a. Placed in a caroche. [Obs.]
Beggary rides caroched. Massenger.
Caroigne
Car"oigne (?), n. [See Carrion.] Dead body; carrion. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Carol
Car"ol (?), n. [OF. carole a kind of dance wherein many dance
together, fr. caroler to dance; perh. from Celtic; cf. Armor. koroll,
n., korolla, korolli, v., Ir. car music, turn, circular motion, also
L. choraula a flute player, charus a dance, chorus, choir.]
1. A round dance. [Obs.] Chaucer.
2. A song of joy, exultation, or mirth; a lay.
The costly feast, the carol, and the dance. Dryden
It was the carol of a bird. Byron.
3. A song of praise of devotion; as, a Christmas or Easter carol.
Heard a carol, mournful, holy. Tennyson.
In the darkness sing your carol of high praise. Keble.
4. Joyful music, as of a song.
I heard the bells on Christmans Day Their old, familiar carol play.
Longfellow.
Carol
Car"ol (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Caroled (?), or Carolled; p. pr. & vb.
n. Caroling, or Carolling.]
1. To praise or celebrate in song.
The Shepherds at their festivals Carol her goodness. Milton.
2. To sing, especially with joyful notes.
Hovering awans . . . carol sounds harmonious. Prior.
Carol
Car"ol, v. i. To sing; esp. to sing joyfully; to warble.
And carol of love's high praise. Spenser.
The gray linnets carol from the hill. Beattie.
Carol, Carrol
Car"ol, Car"rol, n. [OF. carole a sort of circular space, or carol.]
(Arch.) A small closet or inclosure built against a window on the
inner side, to sit in for study. The word was used as late as the 16th
century.
A bay window may thus be called a carol. Parker.
Carolin
Car"o*lin (?), n. [L. Carolus Charles.] A former gold coin of Germany
worth nearly five dollars; also, a gold coin of Sweden worth nearly
five dollars.
Carolina pink
Car`o*li"na pink` (?). (Bot.) See Pinkboot.
Caroline
Car"o*line (?), n. A coin. See Carline.
Caroling
Car"ol*ing (?), n. A song of joy or devotion; a singing, as of carols.
Coleridge.
Such heavenly notes and carolings. Spenser.
Carolinian
Car`o*lin"i*an (?), n. A native or inhabitant of north or South
Carolina.
Carolitic
Car`o*lit"ic (?), a. (Arch.) Adorned with sculptured leaves and
branches.
Carolus
Car"o*lus (?), n.; pl. E. Caroluses (#), L. Caroli (#). [L., Charles.]
An English gold coin of the value of twenty or twenty-three shillings.
It was first struck in the reign of Charles I.
Told down the crowns and Caroluses. Macawlay.
Carom
Car"om (?), n. [Prob. corrupted fr. F. carumboler to carom,
carambolage a carom, carambole the red ball in billiards.] (Billiards)
A shot in which the ball struck with the cue comes in contact with two
or more balls on the table; a hitting of two or more balls with the
player's ball. In England it is called cannon.
Carom
Car"om, v. i. (Billiards) To make a carom.
Caromel
Car"o*mel (?), n. See Caramel.
Caroteel
Car`o*teel" (?), n. (Com.) A tierce or cask for dried fruits, etc.,
usually about 700 lbs. Simmonds.
Carotic
Ca*rot"ic (?), a. [Gr. Carotid.]
1. Of or pertaining to stupor; as, a carotic state.
2. (Anat.) Carotid; as, the carotic arteries.
Carotid
Ca*rot"id (?), n. [Gr. carotide. The early Greeks believed that these
arteries in some way caused drowsiness.] (Anat.) One of the two main
arteries of the neck, by which blood is conveyed from the aorta to the
head.
NOTE: [See Illust. of Aorta.]
Carotid, Carotidal
Ca*rot"id (?), Ca*rot"id*al (?), a. (Anat.) Pertaining to, or near,
the carotids or one of them; as, the carotid gland.
Carotin
Ca*ro"tin (?), n. (Chem.) A red crystallizable tasteless substance,
extracted from the carrot.
Carousal
Ca*rous"al (?), n. [See Carouse, but also cf. F. carrousel tilt.] A
jovial feast or festival; a drunken revel; a carouse.
The swains were preparing for a carousal. Sterne.
Syn. -- Banquet; revel; orgie; carouse. See Feast.
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Carouse
Ca*rouse" (?), n. [F. carrousse, earlier carous, fr. G. garaus
finishing stroke, the emptying of the cup in drinking a health; gar
entirely + aus out. See Yare, and Out.]
1. A large draught of liguor. [Obs.] "A full carouse of sack." Sir J.
Davies.
Drink carouses to the next day's fate. Shak.
2. A drinking match; a carousal.
The early feast and late carouse. Pope.
Carouse
Ca*rouse" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Caroused (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Carousing.] To drink deeply or freely in compliment; to take in a
carousal; to engage in drunken revels.
He had been aboard, carousing to his mates. Shak.
Carouse
Ca*rouse" v. t. To drink up; to drain; to drink freely or jovially.
[Archaic]
Guests carouse the sparkling tears of the rich grape. Denham.
Egypt's wanton queen, Carousing gems, herself dissolved in love.
Young.
Carouser
Ca*rous"er (?), n. One who carouses; a reveler.
Carousing
Ca*rous"ing, a. That carouses; relating to a carouse.
Carousingly
Ca*rous"ing*ly, adv. In the manner of a carouser.
Carp
Carp (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Carped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Carping.]
[OE. carpen to say, speak; from Scand. (cf. Icel. karpa to boast), but
influenced later by L. carpere to pluck, calumniate.]
1. To talk; to speak; to prattle. [Obs.] Chaucer.
2. To find fault; to cavil; to censure words or actions without reason
or ill-naturedly; -- usually followed by at.
Carping and caviling at faults of manner. Blackw. Mag.
And at my actions carp or catch. Herbert.
Carp
Carp, v. t.
1. To say; to tell. [Obs.]
2. To find fault with; to censure. [Obs.] Dryden.
Carp
Carp, n.; pl. Carp, formerly Carps. [Cf. Icel. karfi, Dan. karpe, Sw.
karp, OHG. charpho, G. karpfen, F. carpe, LL. carpa.] (Zo\'94l.) A
fresh-water herbivorous fish (Cyprinus carpio.). Several other species
of Cyprinus, Catla, and Carassius are called carp. See Cruclan carp.
NOTE: &hand; The carp was originally from Asia, whence it was early
introduced into Europe, where it is extensively reared in
artificial ponds. Within a few years it has been introduced into
America, and widely distributed by the government. Domestication
has produced several varieties, as the leather carp, which is
nearly or quite destitute of scales, and the mirror carp, which has
only a few large scales. Intermediate varieties occur.
Carp louse (Zo\'94l.), a small crustacean, of the genus Argulus,
parasitic on carp and allied fishes. See Branchiura. -- Carp mullet
(Zo\'94l.), a fish (Moxostoma carpio) of the Ohio River and Great
Lakes, allied to the suckers. -- Carp sucker (Zo\'94l.), a name given
to several species of fresh-water fishes of the genus Carpiodes in the
United States; -- called also quillback.
Carpal
Car"pal (?), a. [From Carpus.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the carpus,
or wrist. -- n. One of the bones or cartilages of the carpus; a
carpale. Carpal angle (Zo\'94l.), the angle at the last joint of the
folded wing of a bird.
Carpale
Car*pa"le (?), n.; pl. Carpalia (#). [NL., fr. E. carpus.] (Anat.) One
of the bones or cartilages of the carpus; esp. one of the series
articulating with the metacarpals.
Carpathian
Car*pa"thi*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to a range of mountains in
Austro-Hungary, called the Carpathians, which partially inclose
Hungary on the north, east, and south.
Carpel, Carpellum
Car"pel (?), Car*pel"lum (?), n. [NL. carpellum, fr. Gr. (Bot.) A
simple pistil or single-celled ovary or seed vessel, or one of the
parts of a compound pistil, ovary, or seed vessel. See Illust of
Carpaphore.
Carpellary
Car"pel*la"ry (?), a. (Bot.) Belonging to, forming, or containing
carpels.
Carpenter
Car"pen*ter (?), n. [OF. carpentier, F. charpentier, LL. carpentarius,
fr. L. carpentum wagon, carriage.] An artificer who works in timber; a
framer and builder of houses, ships, etc. Syn. -- Carpenter, Joiner.
The carpenter frames and puts together roofs, partitions, floors, and
other structural parts of a building. The joiner Supplies stairs,
doors shutters, mantelpieces, cupboards, and other parts necessary to
finishing the building. In America the two trades are commonly united.
Carpenter ant (Zo\'94l.), any species of ant which gnaws galleries in
the wood of trees and constructs its nests therein. They usually
select dead or somewhat decayed wood. The common large American
species is Formica Pennsylvanica. -- Carpenter bee (Zo\'94l.), a large
hymenopterous insect of the genus Xylocopa; -- so called because it
constructs its nest by gnawing long galleries in sound timber. The
common American species is Xylocopa Virginica.
Carpentering
Car"pen*ter*ing, n. The occupation or work of a carpenter; the act of
workingin timber; carpentry.
Carpentry
Car"pen*try (?), n. [F. charpenterie, OF. also carpenterie. See
Carpenter.]
1. The art of cutting, framing, and joining timber, as in the
construction of buildings.
2. An assemblage of pieces of timber connected by being framed
together, as the pieces of a roof, floor, etc.; work done by a
carpenter.
Carper
Carp"er (?), n. One who carps; a caviler. Shak.
Carpet
Car"pet (?), n. [OF. carpite rug, soft of cloth, F. carpette coarse
packing cloth, rug (cf. It. carpita rug, blanket), LL. carpeta,
carpita, woolly cloths, fr. L. carpere to pluck, to card (wool); cf.
Gr. Harvest.]
1. A heavy woven or felted fabric, usually of wool, but also of
cotton, hemp, straw, etc.; esp. a floor covering made in breadths to
be sewed together and nailed to the floor, as distinguished from a rug
or mat; originally, also, a wrought cover for tables.
Tables and beds covered with copes instead of carpets and
coverlets. T. Fuller.
2. A smooth soft covering resembling or suggesting a carpet. "The
grassy carpet of this plain." Shak.
Carpet beetle or Carpet bug (Zo\'94l.), a small beetle (Anthrenus
scrophulari\'91), which, in the larval state, does great damage to
carpets and other woolen goods; -- also called buffalo bug. -- Carpet
knight. (a) A knight who enjoys ease and security, or luxury, and has
not known the hardships of the field; a hero of the drawing room; an
effeminate person. Shak. (b) One made a knight, for some other than
military distinction or service. -- Carpet moth (Zo\'94l.), the larva
of an insect which feeds on carpets and other woolen goods. There are
several kinds. Some are the larv\'91 of species of Tinea (as T.
tapetzella); others of beetles, esp. Anthrenus. -- Carpet snake
(Zo\'94l.), an Australian snake. See Diamond snake, under Diamond. --
Carpet sweeper, an apparatus or device for sweeping carpets. -- To be
on the carpet, to be under consideration; to be the subject of
deliberation; to be in sight; -- an expression derived from the use of
carpets as table cover. -- Brussels carpet. See under Brussels.
Carpet
Car"pet, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Carpeted; p. pr. & vb. n. Carpeting.] To
cover with, or as with, a carpet; to spread with carpets; to furnish
with a carpet or carpets.
Carpeted temples in fashionable squares. E. Everett.
Carpetbag
Car"pet*bag` (?), n. A portable bag for travelers; -- so called
because originally made of carpet.
Carpetbagger
Car"pet*bag"ger (?), n. An adventurer; -- a term of contempt for a
Northern man seeking private gain or political advancement in the
southern part of the United States after the Civil War (1865)<-- used
now for any politician moving to a new location to take advantage of
more favorable chances for election-->. [U. S.]
Carpeting
Car"pet*ing, n. 1. The act of covering with carpets.
2. Cloth or materials for carpets; carpets, in general.
The floor was covered with rich carpeting. Prescott.
Carpetless
Car"pet*less, a. Without a carpet.
Carpetmonger
Car"pet*mon`ger (?), n.
1. One who deals in carpets; a buyer and seller of carpets.
2. One fond of pleasure; a gallant. Shak.
Carpetway
Car"pet*way` (?), n. (Agric.) A border of greensward left round the
margin of a plowed field. Ray.
Carphology
Car*phol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy: cf. F. carphologie.] (Med.) See
Flaccillation.
Carping
Carp"ing (?), a. Fault-finding; censorious caviling. See Captious. --
Carp"ing*ly, adv.
Carpintero
Car`pin*te"ro (?), n. [Sp., a carpenter, a woodpecker.] A california
woodpecker (Melanerpes formicivorus), noted for its habit of inserting
acorns in holes which it drills in trees. The acorns become infested
by insect larv\'91, which, when grown, are extracted for food by the
bird.
Carpogenic
Car`po*gen"ic (?), a. [Gr. -gen.] (Bot.) Productive of fruit, or
causing fruit to be developed.
Carpolite
Car"po*lite (?), n. [Gr. -lite, cf. F. carpolithe.] A general term for
a fossil fruit, nut, or seed.
Carpological
Car`po*log"i*cal (?), a. Of or pertaining to carpology.
Carpologist
Car*pol"o*gist (?), n. One who describes fruits; one versed in
carpology.
Carpology
Car*pol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] That branch of botany which relates
to the structure of seeds and fruit.
Carpophagous
Car*poph"a*gous (?), a. [Gr. Living on fruits; fruit-consuming.
Carpophore
Car"po*phore (?), n. [Gr. (Bot.) A slender prolongation of the
receptacle as an axis between the carpels, as in Geranium and many
umbelliferous plants.
Carpophyll
Car"po*phyll (?), n. [Gr. (Bot.) A leaf converted into a fruit or a
constituent portion of a fruit; a carpel.
NOTE: [See Illust. of Gymnospermous.]
Carpophyte
Car"po*phyte (?), n. [Gr. (Bot.) A flowerless plant which forms a true
fruit as the result of fertilization, as the red seaweeds, the
Ascomycetes, etc.
NOTE: &hand; Th e di vision of al ge an d fu ngi into four classes
called Carpophytes, O\'94phytes, Protophytes, and Zygophytes (or
Carpospore\'91, O\'94spore\'91, Protophyta, and Zygospore\'91) was
proposed by Sachs about 1875.
Carpospore
Car"po*spore (?), n. [Gr. -spore.] (Bot.) A kind of spore formed in
the conceptacles of red alg\'91. -- Car`po*spor"ic (, a.
Carpus
Car"pus (?), n.; pl. Carpi (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) The wrist; the
bones or cartilages between the forearm, or antibrachium, and the hand
or forefoot; in man, consisting of eight short bones disposed in two
rows.
Carrack
Car"rack (?), n. See Carack.
Carrageen, Carrigeen
Car"ra*geen` (?), Car"ri*geen` (?), n. A small, purplish, branching,
cartilaginous seaweed (Chondrus crispus), which, when bleached, is the
Irish moss of commerce. [Also written carragheen, carageen.]
Carrancha
Car*ran"cha (?), n. [Native name.] (Zo\'94l.) The Brazilian kite
(Polyborus Brasiliensis); -- so called in imitation of its notes.
Carraway
Car"ra*way (?), n. See Caraway.
Carrel
Car"rel (?), n. See Quarrel, an arrow.
Carrel
Car"rel, n. (Arch.) Same as 4th Carol.
Carriable
Car"ri*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being carried.
Carriage
Car"riage (?), n. [OF. cariage luggage, carriage, chariage carriage,
cart, baggage, F. charriage, cartage, wagoning, fr. OF. carier,
charier, F. charrier, to cart. See Carry.]
1. That which is carried; burden; baggage. [Obs.]
David left his carriage in the hand of the keeper of the carriage.
1. Sam. xvii. 22.
And after those days we took up our carriages and went up to
Jerusalem. Acts. xxi. 15.
2. The act of carrying, transporting, or conveying.
Nine days employed in carriage. Chapman.
3. The price or expense of carrying.
4. That which carries of conveys, as: (a) A wheeled vehicle for
persons, esp. one designed for elegance and comfort. (b) A wheeled
vehicle carrying a fixed burden, as a gun carriage. (c) A part of a
machine which moves and carries of supports some other moving object
or part. (d) A frame or cage in which something is carried or
supported; as, a bell carriage.
5. The manner of carrying one's self; behavior; bearing; deportment;
personal manners.
His gallant carriage all the rest did grace. Stirling.
6. The act or manner of conducting measures or projects; management.
The passage and whole carriage of this action. Shak.
Carriage horse, a horse kept for drawing a carriage. -- Carriage porch
(Arch.), a canopy or roofed pavilion covering the driveway at the
entrance to any building. It is intended as a shelter for those who
alight from vehicles at the door; -- sometimes erroneously called in
the United States porte-coch\'8are.
Carriageable
Car"riage*a*ble (?), a. Passable by carriages; that can be conveyed in
carriages. [R.] Ruskin.
Carriboo
Car"ri*boo (?), n. See Caribou.
Carrick
Car"rick (?), n. (Naut.) A carack. See Carack. Carrick bend (Naut.), a
kind of knot, used for bending together hawsers or other ropes. --
Carrick bitts (Naut.), the bitts which support the windlass. Totten.
Carrier
Car"ri*er (?), n. [From Carry.]
1. One who, or that which, carries or conveys; a messenger.
The air which is but . . . a carrier of the sounds. Bacon.
2. One who is employed, or makes it his business, to carry goods for
others for hire; a porter; a teamster.
The roads are crowded with carriers, laden with rich manufactures.
Swift.
3. (Mach.) That which drives or carries; as: (a) A piece which
communicates to an object in a lathe the motion of the face plate; a
lathe dog. (b) A spool holder or bobbin holder in a braiding machine.
(c) A movable piece in magazine guns which transfers the cartridge to
a position from which it can be thrust into the barrel.
Carrier pigeon (Zo\'94l.), a variety of the domestic pigeon used to
convey letters from a distant point to to its home. -- Carrier shell
(Zo\'94l.), a univalve shell of the genus Phorus; -- so called because
it fastens bits of stones and broken shells to its own shell, to such
an extent as almost to conceal it. -- Common carrier (Law.) See under
Common, a.
Carrion
Car"ri*on (?), n. [OE. caroyne, OF. caroigne, F. charogne, LL.
caronia, fr. L. caro flesh Cf. Crone, Crony.]
1. The dead and putrefying body or flesh of an animal; flesh so
corrupted as to be unfit for food.
They did eat the dead carrions. Spenser.
2. A contemptible or worthless person; -- a term of reproach. [Obs.]
"Old feeble carrions." Shak.
Carrion
Car"ri*on, a. Of or pertaining to dead and putrefying carcasses;
feeding on carrion.
A prey for carrion kites. Shak.
Carrion beetle (Zo\'94l.), any beetle that feeds habitually on dead
animals; -- also called sexton beetle and burying beetle. There are
many kinds, belonging mostly to the family Silphid\'91. -- Carrion
buzzard (Zo\'94l.), a South American bird of several species and
genera (as Ibycter, Milvago, and Polyborus), which act as scavengers.
See Caracara. -- Carrion crow, the common European crow (Corvus
corone) which feeds on carrion, insects, fruits, and seeds.
Carrol
Car"rol (?), n. (Arch.) See 4th Carol.
Carrom
Car"rom (?), n. (Billiards) See Carom.
Carronade
Car`ron*ade (?), n. [From Carron, in Scotland where it was first
made.] (Med.) A kind of short cannon, formerly in use, designed to
throw a large projectile with small velocity, used for the purpose of
breaking or smashing in, rather than piercing, the object aimed at, as
the side of a ship. It has no trunnions, but is supported on its
carriage by a bolt passing through a loop on its under side.
_________________________________________________________________
Page 221
Carron oil
Car"ron oil (?). A lotion of linseed oil and lime water, used as an
application to burns and scalds; -- first used at the Carron iron
works in Scotland.
Carrot
Car"rot (?), n. [F. carotte, fr. L. carota; cf. Gr.
1. (Bot.) An umbelliferous biennial plant (Daucus Carota), of many
varieties.
2. The esculent root of cultivated varieties of the plant, usually
spindle-shaped, and of a reddish yellow color.
Carroty
Car"rot*y, a. Like a carrot in color or in taste; -- an epithet given
to reddish yellow hair, etc.
Carrow
Car"row (?), n. [Ir & Gael. carach cunning.] A strolling gamester.
[Ireland] Spenser.
Carry
Car"ry (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Carried (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Carrying.] [OF. carier, charier, F. carrier, to cart, from OF. car,
char, F. car, car. See Car.]
1. To convey or transport in any manner from one place to another; to
bear; -- often with away or off.
When he dieth he small carry nothing away. Ps. xiix. 17.
Devout men carried Stephen to his burial. Acts viii, 2.
Another carried the intelligence to Russell. Macaulay.
The sound will be carried, at the least, twenty miles. Bacon.
2. To have or hold as a burden, while moving from place to place; to
have upon or about one's person; to bear; as, to carry a wound; to
carry an unborn child.
If the ideas . . . were carried along with us in our minds. Locke.
3. To move; to convey by force; to impel; to conduct; to lead or
guide.
Go, carry Sir John Falstaff to the Fleet. Shak.
He carried away all his cattle. Gen. xxxi. 18.
Passion and revenge will carry them too far. Locke.
4. To transfer from one place (as a country, book, or column) to
another; as, to carry the war from Greece into Asia; to carry an
account to the ledger; to carry a number in adding figures.
5. To convey by extension or continuance; to extend; as, to carry the
chimney through the roof; to carry a road ten miles farther.
6. To bear or uphold successfully through conflict, as a leader or
principle; hence, to succeed in, as in a contest; to bring to a
successful issue; to win; as, to carry an election. "The greater part
carries it." Shak.
The carrying of our main point. Addison.
7. To get possession of by force; to capture.
The town would have been carried in the end. Bacon.
8. To contain; to comprise; to bear the aspect of ; to show or
exhibit; to imply.
He thought it carried something of argument in it. Watts.
It carries too great an imputation of ignorance. Lacke.
9. To bear (one's self); to behave, to conduct or demean; -- with the
refexive pronouns.
He carried himself so insolently in the house, and out of the
house, to all persons, that he became odious. Clarendon.
10. To bear the charges or burden of holding or having, as stocks,
merchandise, etc., from one time to another; as, a merchant is
carrying a large stock; a farm carries a mortgage; a broker carries
stock for a customer; to carry a life insurance.
Carry arms (Mil. Drill), a command of the Manual of Arms directing the
soldier to hold his piece in the right hand, the barrel resting
against the hollow of the shoulder in a nearly perpendicular position.
In this position the soldier is said to stand, and the musket to be
held, at carry. -- To carry all before one, to overcome all obstacles;
to have uninterrupted success. -- To carry arms (a) To bear weapons.
(b) To serve as a soldier. -- To carry away. (a) (Naut.) to break off;
to lose; as, to carry away a fore-topmast. (b) To take possession of
the mind; to charm; to delude; as, to be carried by music, or by
temptation. -- To carry coals, to bear indignities tamely, a phrase
used by early dramatists, perhaps from the mean nature of the
occupation. Halliwell. -- To carry coals to Newcastle, to take things
to a place where they already abound; to lose one's labor. -- To carry
off (a) To remove to a distance. (b) To bear away as from the power or
grasp of others. (c) To remove from life; as, the plague carried off
thousands. -- To carry on (a) To carry farther; to advance, or help
forward; to continue; as, to carry on a design. (b) To manage,
conduct, or prosecute; as, to carry on husbandry or trade. -- To carry
out. (a) To bear from within. (b) To put into execution; to bring to a
successful issue. (c) To sustain to the end; to continue to the end.
-- To carry through. (a) To convey through the midst of. (b) To
support to the end; to sustain, or keep from falling, or being
subdued. "Grace will carry us . . . through all difficulties."
Hammond. (c) To complete; to bring to a succesful issue; to succeed.
-- To carry up, to convey or extend in an upward course or direction;
to build. -- To carry weight. (a) To be handicapped; to have an extra
burden, as when one rides or runs. "He carries weight, he rides a
race" Cowper. (b) To have influence.
Carry
Car"ry, v. i.
1. To act as a bearer; to convey anything; as, to fetch and carry.
2. To have propulsive power; to propel; as, a gun or mortar carries
well.
3. To hold the head; -- said of a horse; as, to carry well i. e., to
hold the head high, with arching neck.
4. (Hunting) To have earth or frost stick to the feet when running, as
a hare. Johnson.
To carry on, to behave in a wild, rude, or romping manner. [Colloq.]
Carry
Car"ry (?), n.; pl. Carries (#). A tract of land, over which boats or
goods are carried between two bodies of navigable water; a carrying
place; a portage. [U.S.]
Carryall
Car"ry*all` (?), n. [Corrupted fr. cariole.] A light covered carriage,
having four wheels and seats for four or more persons, usually drawn
by one horse.
Carrying
Car"ry*ing, n. The act or business of transporting from one place to
another. Carrying place, a carry; a portage. -- Carrying trade, the
business of transporting goods, etc., from one place or country to
another by water or land; freighting.
We are rivals with them in . . . the carrying trade. Jay.
Carryk
Car"ryk (?), n. A carack. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Carrytale
Car"ry*tale` (?), n. A talebearer. [R.] Shak.
Carse
Carse (?), n. [Of Celtic origin; cf. W. cars bog, fen. carsen reed,
Armor. kars, korsen, bog plant, reed.] Low, fertile land; a river
valley. [Scot.] Jomieson.
Cart
Cart (?), n. [AS. cr\'91t; cf. W. cart, Ir. & Gael. cairt, or Icel.
kartr. Cf. Car.]
1. A common name for various kinds of vehicles, as a Scythian dwelling
on wheels, or a chariot. "Ph\'d2bus' cart." Shak.
2. A two-wheeled vehicle for the ordinary purposes of husbandry, or
for transporting bulky and heavy articles.
Packing all his goods in one poor cart. Dryden.
3. A light business wagon used by bakers, grocerymen, butchers, atc.
4. An open two-wheeled pleasure carriage.
Cart horse, a horse which draws a cart; a horse bred or used for
drawing heavy loads. -- Cart load, OR Cartload, as much as will fill
or load a cart. In excavating and carting sand, gravel, earth, etc.,
one third of a cubic yard of the material before it is loosened is
estimated to be a cart load. -- Cart rope, a stout rope for fastening
a load on a cart; any strong rope. -- To put (OR get OR set) the cart
before the horse, to invert the order of related facts or ideas, as by
putting an effect for a cause.
Cart
Cart, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Carted; p. pr. & vb. n. Carting.]
1. To carry or convey in a cart.
2. To expose in a cart by way of punishment.
She chuckled when a bawd was carted. Prior.
Cart
Cart, v. i. To carry burdens in a cart; to follow the business of a
carter.
Cartage
Cart"age (?), n.
1. The act of carrying in a cart.
2. The price paid for carting.
Cartbote
Cart"bote` (?), n. [Cart + bote.] (Old Eng. Law.) Wood to which a
tenant is entitled for making and repairing carts and other
instruments of husbandry.
Carte
Carte (?), n. [F. See 1st Card.]
1. Bill of fare.
2. Short for Carte de visite.
Carte. Quarte
Carte. Quarte (?), n. [F. quarte, prop., a fourth. Cf. Quart.]
(Fencing) A position in thrusting or parrying, with the inside of the
hand turned upward and the point of the weapon toward the adversary's
right breast.
Carte blanche
Carte` blanche" (?). [F., fr. OF. carte paper + -blanc, blanche,
white. See 1st Card.] A blank paper, with a person's signature, etc.,
at the bottom, given to another person, with permission to superscribe
what conditions he pleases. Hence: Unconditional terms; unlimited
authority.
Carte de visite
Carte" de vi*site` (?), pl. Cartes de visite (. [F.]
1. A visiting card.
2. A photographic picture of the size formerly in use for a visiting
card.
Cartel
Car*tel" (?), n. [F., fr. LL. cartellus a little paper, dim. fr. L.
charta. See 1st Card.]
1. (Mil.) An agreement between belligerents for the exchange of
prisoners. Wilhelm.
2. A letter of defiance or challenge; a challenge to single combat.
[Obs.]
He is cowed at the very idea of a cartel., Sir W. Scott.
<-- 3. a formal or informal arrangement (sometimes unlawful) among
independent commercial enterprises organized for the purpose of common
gain, as by limiting competition or fixing prices --> Cartel, or
Cartel ship, a ship employed in the exchange of prisoners, or in
carrying propositions to an enemy; a ship beating a flag of truce and
privileged from capture.
Cartel
Car"tel (?), v. t. To defy or challenge. [Obs.]
You shall cartel him. B. Jonson.
Carter
Cart"er (?), n.
1. A charioteer. [Obs.] Chaucer.
2. A man who drives a cart; a teamster.
3. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any species of Phalangium; -- also called
harvestman. (b) A British fish; the whiff.
Cartesian
Car*te"sian (?), a. [From Renatus Cartesius, Latinized from of Ren\'82
Descartes: cf. F. cart\'82sien.] Of or pertaining to the French
philosopher Ren\'82 Descartes, or his philosophy.
The Cartesion argument for reality of matter. Sir W. Hamilton.
Cartesian co\'94rdinates (Geom), distance of a point from lines or
planes; -- used in a system of representing geometric quantities,
invented by Descartes. -- Cartesian devil, a small hollow glass
figure, used in connection with a jar of water having an elastic top,
to illustrate the effect of the compression or expansion of air in
changing the specific gravity of bodies. -- Cartesion oval (Geom.), a
curve such that, for any point of the curve mr + m\'b7r\'b7 = c, where
r and r\'b7 are the distances of the point from the two foci and m,
m\'b7 and c are constant; -- used by Descartes.
Cartesian
Car*te"sian, n. An adherent of Descartes.
Cartesianism
Car*te"sian*ism, n. The philosophy of Descartes.
Carthaginian
Car`tha*gin"i*an, a. Of a pertaining to ancient Carthage, a city of
northern Africa. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Carthage.
Carthamin
Car"tha*min (?), n. (Chem.) A red coloring matter obtained from the
safflower, or Carthamus tinctorius.
Carthusian
Car*thu"sian (?), n. [LL. Cartusianus, Cartusiensis, from the town of
Chartreuse, in France.] (Eccl. Hist.) A member of an exceeding austere
religious order, founded at Chartreuse in France by St. Bruno, in the
year 1086.
Carthusian
Car*thu"sian, a. Pertaining to the Carthusian.
Cartilage
Car"ti*lage (?), n. [L. cartilago; cf. F. cartilage.] (Anat.) A
translucent, elastic tissue; gristle.
NOTE: &hand; C artilage c ontains n o v essels, a nd c onsists of a
homogeneous, intercellular matrix, in which there are numerous
minute cavities, or capsules, containing protoplasmic cells, the
cartilage corpuscul. See Illust under Duplication.
Articular cartilage, cartilage that lines the joints. -- Cartilage
bone (Anat.), any bone formed by the ossification of cartilage. --
Costal cartilage, cartilage joining a rib with he sternum. See Illust.
of Thorax.
Cartilagineous
Car`ti*la*gin"e*ous (?), a. [L. cartilageneus.] See Cartilaginous.
Ray.
Cartilaginification
Car"ti*la*gin`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. cartilago, -laginis, cartilage
+ facere to make.] The act or process of forming cartilage. Wright.
Cartilaginous
Car`ti*lag"i*nous (?), a. [L. cartilaginosus: cf. F. cartilagineux.]
1. Of or pertaining to cartilage; gristly; firm and tough like
cartilage.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Having the skeleton in the state of cartilage, the bones
containing little or no calcareous matter; said of certain fishes, as
the sturgeon and the sharks.
Cartman
Cart"man (?), n.; pl. Cartmen (. One who drives or uses a cart; a
teamster; a carter.
Cartographer
Car*tog"ra*pher (?), n. One who make charts or maps.
Cartographic, Cartographical
Car`to*graph"ic (?), Car`to*graph"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to
cartography.
Cartographically
Car`to*graph"ic*al*ly, adv. By cartography.
Cartography
Car*tog"ra*phy (?), n. [Cf. F. cartographie. See Card, and -graphy.]
The act business of forming chart's or maps.
Cartomancy
Car"to*man`cy (?), n. [Cf. F. cartomancie. See Card, and -mancy.] The
act of telling fortunes with cards.
Carton
Car"ton (?), n. [F. See Cartoon.] Pasteboard for paper boxes; also, a
pasteboard box. Carton pierre (, a species of papier-mach\'82,
imitating stone or bronze sculpture. Knight.
Cartoon
Car*toon" (?), n. [F. carton (cf. It. cartons pasteboard, cartoon.);
fr. L. charta. See 1st card.]
1. A design or study drawn of the full size, to serve as a model for
transferring or copying; -- used in the making of mosaics, tapestries,
fresco pantings and the like; as, the cartoons of Raphael.
2. A large pictorial sketch, as in a journal or magazine; esp. a
pictorial caricature; as , the cartoons of "Puck."
Cartoonist
Car"toon"ist, n. One skilled in drawing cartoons.
Cartouch
Car*touch" (?), n.; pl. Cartouches (#) [F. cartouche, It. cartuccia,
cartoccio, cornet, cartouch, fr. L. charta paper. See 1st Card, and
cf. Cartridge.]
1. (Mil.) (a) A roll or case of paper, etc., holding a charge for a
firearm; a cartridge. (b) A cartridge box. (c) A wooden case filled
with balls, to be shot from a cannon. (d) A gunner's bag for
ammunition. (e) A military pass for a soldier on furlough.
2. (Arch.) (a) A cantalever, console, corbel, or modillion, which has
the form of a scroll of paper. (b) A tablet for ornament, or for
receiving an inscription, formed like a sheet of paper with the edges
rolled up; hence, any tablet of ornamental form.
3. (Egyptian Antiq.) An oval figure on monuments, and in papyri,
containing the name of a sovereign.
Cartridge
Car"tridge (?), n. [Formerlly cartrage, corrupted fr. F. cartouche.
See Cartouch.] (Mil.) A complete charge for a firearm, contained in,
or held together by, a case, capsule, or shell of metal, pasteboard,
or other material. Ball cartridge, a cartridge containing a
projectile. -- Blank cartrige, a cartridge without a projectile, --
Center-fire cartridge, a cartridge in which the fulminate occupies an
axial position usually in the center of the base of the capsule,
instead of being contained in its rim. In the Prussian needle gun the
fulminate is applied to the middle of the base of the bullet. Rim-fire
cartridge, a cartridge in which the fulminate is contained in a rim
surrounding its base. -- Cartridge bag, a bag of woolen cloth, to hold
a charge for a cannon. -- Cartridge belt, a belt having pocket for
cartridges. -- Cartridge box, a case, usually of leather, attached to
a belt or strap, for holding cartridges. -- Cartridge paper. (a) A
thick stout paper for inclosing cartridges. (b) A rough tinted paper
used for covering walls, and also for making drawings upon.
Cartulary
Car"tu*la*ry (?), n.; pl. Cartularies. [LL. cartularium, chartularium,
fr. L. charta paper: cf. F. cartulaire. See 1st Card.]
1. A register, or record, as of a monastery or church.
2. An ecclesiastical officer who had charge of records or other public
papers.
Cartway
Cart"way` (?), n. A way or road for carts.
Cartwright
Cart"wright` (?), n. [Cart + wright.] An artificer who makes carts; a
cart maker.
Carucage
Car"u*cage (?), n. [LL. carrucagium (OF. charuage.), fr. LL. carruca
plow, fr. L. carruca coach.]
1. (Old Eng. Law.) A tax on every plow or plowland.
2. The act of plowing. [R.]
Carucate
Car"u*cate (?), n. [LL. carucata, carrucata. See Carucage.] A
plowland; as much land as one team can plow in a year and a day; -- by
some said to be about 100 acres. Burrill.
Caruncle, Caruncula
Car"un*cle (?), Ca*run"cu*la (?), n. [L. caruncula a little piece of
flesh, dim. of caro flesh.]
1. (Anat.) A small fleshy prominence or excrescence; especially the
small, reddish body, the caruncula lacrymalis, in the inner angle of
the eye.
2. (Bot.) An excrescence or appendage surrounding or near the hilum of
a seed.
3. (Zo\'94l.) A naked, flesh appendage, on the head of a bird, as the
wattles of a turkey, etc.
Caruncular, Carunculous
Ca*run"cu*lar (?), Ca*run"cu*lous (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or like,
a caruncle; furnished with caruncles.
Carunculate, Carunculated
Ca*run"cu*late (?), Ca*run"cu*la`ted (?), a. Having a caruncle or
caruncles; caruncular.
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Carus
Ca"rus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) Coma with complete insensibility;
deep lethargy.
Carvacrol
Car"va*crol (?), n. (Chem.) A thick oily liquid, C10H13.OH, of a
strong taste and disagreeable odor, obtained from oil of caraway
(Carum carui).
Carve
Carve (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Carved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Carving.]
[AS. ceorfan to cut, carve; akin to D. kerven, G. kerben, Dan. karve,
Sw. karfva, and to Gr. -graphy. Cf. Graphic.]
1. To cut. [Obs.]
Or they will carven the shepherd's throat. Spenser.
2. To cut, as wood, stone, or other material, in an artistic or
decorative manner; to sculpture; to engrave.
Carved with figures strange and sweet. Coleridge.
3. To make or shape by cutting, sculpturing, or engraving; to form;
as, to carve a name on a tree.
An angel carved in stone. Tennyson.
We carved not a line, and we raised not a stone. C. Wolfe.
4. To cut into small pieces or slices, as meat at table; to divide for
distribution or apportionment; to apportion. "To carve a capon." <-- =
carve up --> Shak.
5. To cut: to hew; to mark as if by cutting.
My good blade carved the casques of men. Tennyson.
A million wrinkles carved his skin. Tennyson.
6. To take or make, as by cutting; to provide.
Who could easily have carved themselves their own food. South.
7. To lay out; to contrive; to design; to plan.
Lie ten nights awake carving the fashion of a new doublet. Shak.
To carve out, to make or get by cutting, or as if by cutting; to cut
out. "[Macbeth] with his brandished steel . . . carved out his
passage." Shak.
Fortunes were carved out of the property of the crown. Macaulay.
Carve
Carve, v. i.
1. To exercise the trade of a sculptor or carver; to engrave or cut
figures.
2. To cut up meat; as, to carve for all the guests.
Carve
Carve, n. A carucate. [Obs.] Burrill.
Carvel
Car"vel (?), n. [Contr. fr. caravel.]
1. Same as Caravel.
2. A species of jellyfish; sea blubber. Sir T. Herbert.
Carvelbuilt
Car"vel*built (?), a. (Shipbuilding) Having the planks meet flush at
the seams, instead of lapping as in a clinker-built vessel.
Carven
Car"ven (?), a. Wrought by carving; ornamented by carvings; carved.
[Poetic]
A carven bowl well wrought of beechen tree. Bp. Hall.
The carven cedarn doors. Tennyson.
A screen of carven ivory. Mrs. Browning.
Carvene
Car"vene (?), n. [F. carvi caraway.] An oily substance, C10H16,
extracted from oil caraway.
Carver
Carv"er (?), n.
1. One who carves; one who shapes or fashions by carving, or as by
carving; esp. one who carves decorative forms, architectural
adornments, etc. "The carver's chisel." Dodsley.
The carver of his fortunes. Sharp (Richardson's Dict. )
2. One who carves or divides meat at table.
3. A large knife for carving.
Carving
Carv"ing, n.
1. The act or art of one who carves.
2. A piece of decorative work cut in stone, wood, or other material.
"Carving in wood." Sir W. Temple.
3. The whole body of decorative sculpture of any kind or epoch, or in
any material; as, the Italian carving of the 15th century.
Carvist
Car"vist (?), n. [A corruption of carry fist.] (Falconary) A hawk
which is of proper age and training to be carried on the hand; a hawk
in its first year. Booth.
Carvol
Car"vol (?), n. (Chem.) One of a species of aromatic oils, resembling
carvacrol.
Car wheel
Car" wheel` (?), A flanged wheel of a railway car or truck.
Caryatic, Caryatid
Car`y*at"ic (?), Car`y*at"id (?), a. Of or pertaining to a caryatid.
Caryatid
Car`y*at"id (?), n.; pl. Caryatids (#) [See Caryatides.] (Arch.) A
draped female figure supporting an entablature, in the place of a
column or pilaster.
Caryatides
Car`y*at"i*des (?), n. pl. [L., fr. Gr. (Arch) Caryatids.
NOTE: &hand; Co rresponding ma le fi gures we re ca lled At lantes,
Telamones, and Persians.
Caryophyllaceous
Car`y*o*phyl*la"ceous (?), a. [Gr. (Bot.) (a) Having corollas of five
petals with long claws inclosed in a tubular, calyx, as the pink. (b)
Belonging to the family of which the pink and the carnation are the
types.
Caryophyllin
Car`y*oph"yl*lin (?), n. (Chem.) A tasteless and odorless crystalline
substance, extracted from cloves, polymeric with common camphor.
Caryophyllous
Car`y*oph"yl*lous (?), a. Caryophyllaceous.
Caryopsis
Car`y*op"sis (?), n.; pl. Caryopses (#). [NL., fr. gr. (Bot.) A
one-celled, dry, indehiscent fruit, with a thin membranous pericarp,
adhering closely to the seed, so that fruit and seed are incorporated
in one body, forming a single grain, as of wheat, barley, etc.
Casal
Ca"sal (?), a. (Gram.) Of or pertaining to case; as, a casal ending.
Cascabel
Cas"ca*bel (?), n. [Sp. cascabel a little bell, also (fr. the shape),
a knob at the breech end of a cannon.] The projection in rear of the
breech of a cannon, usually a knob or breeching loop connected with
the gun by a neck. In old writers it included all in rear of the base
ring.
NOTE: [See Illust. of Cannon.]
Cascade
Cas*cade" (?), n. [F. cascade, fr. It. cascata, fr. cascare to ball.]
A fall of water over a precipice, as in a river or brook; a waterfall
less than a cataract.
The silver brook . . . pours the white cascade. Longjellow.
Now murm'ring soft, now roaring in cascade. Cawper.
Cascade
Cas*cade", v. i.
1. To fall in a cascade. Lowell.
2. To vomit. [Slang] Smollett.
Cascalho
Cas*cal"ho (?), n. [Pg., a chip of stone, gravel.] A deposit of
pebbles, gravel, and ferruginous sand, in which the Brazilian diamond
is usually found.
Cascara sagrada
Cas"ca*ra sa*gra"da (?). [Sp.] Holy bark; the bark of the California
buckthorn (Rhamnus Purshianus), used as a mild cathartic or laxative.
Cascarilla
Cas`ca*ril"la (?), n.[Sp., small thin bark, Peruvian bark, dim. of
c\'a0scara bark.] (Bot.) A euphorbiaceous West Indian shrub (Croton
Eleutheria); also, its aromatic bark. Cascarilla bark (OR Cascarila)
(Med.), the bark of Croton Eleutheria. It has an aromatic odor and a
warm, spicy, bitter taste, and when burnt emits a musky odor. It is
used as a gentle tonic, and sometimes, for the sake of its fragrance,
mixed with smoking tobacco, when it is said to occasion vertigo and
intoxication.
Cascarillin
Cas`ca*ril"lin (?), n. (Chem.) A white, crystallizable, bitter
substance extracted from oil of cascarilla.
Case
Case (?), n. [OF. casse, F. caisse (cf. It. cassa), fr. L. capsa
chest, box, case, fr. caper to take, hold See Capacious, and cf. 4th
Chase, Cash, Enchase, 3d Sash.]
1. A box, sheath, or covering; as, a case for holding goods; a case
for spectacles; the case of a watch; the case (capsule) of a
cartridge; a case (cover) for a book.
2. A box and its contents; the quantity contained in a box; as, a case
of goods; a case of instruments.
3. (Print.) A shallow tray divided into compartments or "boxes" for
holding type.
NOTE: &hand; Ca ses fo r ty pe are usually arranged in sets of two,
called respectively the upper and the lower case. The upper case
contains capitals, small capitals, accented; the lower case
contains the small letters, figures, marks of punctuation,
quadrats, and spaces.
4. An inclosing frame; a casing; as, a door case; a window case.
5. (Mining) A small fissure which admits water to the workings.
Knight.
Case
Case, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cased (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Casing.]
1. To cover or protect with, or as with, a case; to inclose.
The man who, cased in steel, had passed whole days and nights in
the saddle. Prescott.
2. To strip the skin from; as, to case a box. [Obs.]
Case
Case, n. [F. cas, fr. L. casus, fr. cadere to fall, to happen. Cf.
Chance.]
1. Chance; accident; hap; opportunity. [Obs.]
By aventure, or sort, or cas. Chaucer.
2. That which befalls, comes, or happens; an event; an instance; a
circumstance, or all the circumstamces; condition; state of things;
affair; as, a strange case; a case of injustice; the case of the
Indian tribes.
In any case thou shalt deliver him the pledge. Deut. xxiv. 13.
If the case of the man be so with his wife. Matt. xix. 10.
And when a lady's in the case. You know all other things give
place. Gay.
You think this madness but a common case. Pope.
I am in case to justle a constable, Shak.
3. (Med. & Surg.) A patient under treatment; an instance of sickness
or injury; as, ten cases of fever; also, the history of a disease or
injury.
A proper remedy in hypochondriacal cases. Arbuthnot.
4. (Law) The matters of fact or conditions involved in a suit, as
distinguished from the questions of law; a suit or action at law; a
cause.
Let us consider the reason of the case, for nothing is law that is
not reason. Sir John Powell.
Not one case in the reports of our courts. Steele.
5. (Gram.) One of the forms, or the inflections or changes of form, of
a noun, pronoun, or adjective, which indicate its relation to other
words, and in the aggregate constitute its declension; the relation
which a noun or pronoun sustains to some other word.
Case is properly a falling off from the nominative or first state
of word; the name for which, however, is now, by extension of its
signification, applied also to the nominative. J. W. Gibbs.
NOTE: &hand; Ca ses ot her th an th e nominative are oblique cases.
Case endings are terminations by which certain cases are
distinguished. In old English, as in Latin, nouns had several cases
distinguished by case endings, but in modern English only that of
the possessive case is retained.
Action on the case (Law), according to the old classification (now
obsolete), was an action for redress of wrongs or injuries to person
or property not specially provided against by law, in which the whole
cause of complaint was set out in the writ; -- called also trespass on
the case, or simply case. -- All a case, a matter of indifference.
[Obs.] "It is all a case to me." L'Estrange. -- Case at bar. See under
Bar, n. -- Case divinity, casuistry. -- Case lawyer, one versed in the
reports of cases rather than in the science of the law. -- Case stated
or agreed on (Law), a statement in writing of facts agreed on and
submitted to the court for a decision of the legal points arising on
them. -- A hard case, an abandoned or incorrigible person. [Colloq.]
-- In any case, whatever may be the state of affairs; anyhow. -- In
case, OR In case that, if; supposing that; in the event or
contingency; if it should happen that. "In case we are surprised, keep
by me." W. Irving. -- In good case, in good condition, health, or
state of body. -- To put a case, to suppose a hypothetical or
illustrative case. Syn. -- Situation, condition, state; circumstances;
plight; predicament; occurrence; contingency; accident; event;
conjuncture; cause; action; suit.
Case
Case, v. i. To propose hypothetical cases. [Obs.] "Casing upon the
matter." L'Estrange.
Caseation
Ca`se*a"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. cas\'82ation. See Casein.] (Med.) A
degeneration of animal tissue into a cheesy or curdy mass.
Case-bay
Case"-bay` (?), n. (Arch.) (a) The space between two principals or
girders. (b) One of the joists framed between a pair of girders in
naked flooring.
Caseharden
Case"hard`en (?), v. t.
1. To subject to a process which converts the surface of iron into
steel.
2. To render insensible to good influences.
Casehardened
Case"hard`ened (?), a.
1. Having the surface hardened, as iron tools.
2. Hardened against, or insusceptible to, good influences; rendered
callous by persistence in wrongdoing or resistance of good influences;
-- said of persons.
Casehardening
Case"hard`en*ing, n. The act or process of converting the surface of
iron into steel. Ure.
NOTE: &hand; Ca sehardening is now commonly effected by cementation
with charcoal or other carbonizing material, the depth and degree
of hardening (carbonization) depending on the time during which the
iron is exposed to the heat. See Cementation.
Caseic
Ca"se*ic (?), a. [Cf. F. cas\'82ique, fr. L. caseus cheese.] OF or
pertaining to cheese; as, caseic acid.
Casein
Ca"se*in (?), n. [Cf. F. cas\'82ine, fr. L. caseur cheese. Cf.
Cheese.] (Physiol. Chem.) A proteid substance present in both the
animal and the vegetable kingdom. In the animal kindom it is chiefly
found in milk, and constitutes the main part of the curd separated by
rennet; in the vegetable kingdom it is found more or less abundantly
in the seeds of leguminous plants. Its reactions resemble those of
alkali albumin. [Written also caseine.] <-- no pos in original. = n.
-->
Case knife
Case" knife` (?).
1. A knife carried in a sheath or case. Addison.
2. A large table knife; -- so called from being formerly kept in a
case.
Casemate
Case"mate (?), n. [F. casemate, fr. It. casamatta, prob. from casa
house + matto, f. matta, mad, weak, feeble, dim. from the same source
as E. -mate in checkmate.]
1. (Fort.) A bombproof chamber, usually of masonry, in which cannon
may be placed, to be fired through embrasures; or one capable of being
used as a magazine, or for quartering troops.
2. (Arch.) A hollow molding, chiefly in cornices.
Casemated
Case"ma`ted (?), a. Furnished with, protected by, or built like, a
casemate. Campbell.
Casement
Case"ment (?), n. [Shortened fr. encasement. See Incase 1st Case, and
cf. Incasement.] (Arch.) A window sash opening on hinges affixed to
the upright side of the frame into which it is fitted. (Poetically) A
window.
A casement of the great chamber window. Shak.
Casemented
Case"ment*ed, a. Having a casement or casements.
Caseous
Ca"se*ous (?), a. [L. caseus. Cf. Casein.] Of, pertaining to, or
resembling, cheese; having the qualities of cheese; cheesy. Caseous
degeneration, a morbid process, in scrofulous or consumptive persons,
in which the products of inflammation are converted into a cheesy
substance which is neither absorbed nor organized.
Casern
Ca"sern (?), n. [F. caserne.] A lodging for soldiers in garrison
towns, usually near the rampart; barracks. Bescherelle.
Case shot
Case" shot` (?). (Mil.) A collection of small projectiles, inclosed in
a case or canister.
NOTE: &hand; In th e United States a case shot is a thin spherical
or oblong cast-iron shell containing musket balls and a bursting
charge, with a time fuse; -- called in Europe shrapnel. In Europe
the term case shot is applied to what in the United States is
called canister.
Wilhelm.
Caseum
Ca"se*um (?), n. [L. caseus cheese.] Same as Casein.
Caseworm
Case"worm` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A worm or grub that makes for itself a
case. See Caddice.
Cash
Cash (?), n. [F. caisse case, box, cash box, cash. See Case a box.] A
place where money is kept, or where it is deposited and paid out; a
money box. [Obs.]
This bank is properly a general cash, where every man lodges his
money. Sir W. Temple.
\'9c20,000 are known to be in her cash. Sir R. Winwood.
2. (Com.) (a) Ready money; especially, coin or specie; but also
applied to bank notes, drafts, bonds, or any paper easily convertible
into money. (b) Immediate or prompt payment in current funds; as, to
sell goods for cash; to make a reduction in price for cash.
Cash account (Bookkeeping), an account of money received, disbursed,
and on hand. -- Cash boy, in large retail stores, a messenger who
carries the money received by the salesman from customers to a
cashier, and returns the proper change. [Colloq.] -- Cash credit, an
account with a bank by which a person or house, having given security
for repayment, draws at pleasure upon the bank to the extent of an
amount agreed upon; -- called also bank credit and cash account. --
Cash sales, sales made for ready, money, in distinction from those on
which credit is given; stocks sold, to be delivered on the day of
transaction. <-- cash on the nail. A cash payment made immediately
upon receiving the thing purchased. --> Syn. -- Money; coin; specie;
currency; capital.
Cash
Cash, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cashed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Casing.] To pay,
or to receive, cash for; to exchange for money; as, cash a note or an
order.
Cash
Cash, v. t. [See Cashier.] To disband. [Obs.] Garges.
Cash
Cash, n.sing & pl. A Chinese coin.
NOTE: &hand; The cash (Chinese tsien) is the only current coin made
by the chinese government. It is a thin circular disk of a very
base alloy of copper, with a square hole in the center. 1,000 to
1,400 cash are equivalent to a dollar.
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Page 223
Cashbook
Cash"book (?), n. (Bookkeeping) A book in which is kept a register of
money received or paid out.
Cashew
Ca*shew" (?), n. [F. acajou, for cajou, prob. from Malay k\'beyu tree;
cf. Pg. acaju, cf. Acajou.] (Bot.) A tree (Anacardium occidentale) of
the same family which the sumac. It is native in tropical America, but
is now naturalized in all tropical countries. Its fruit, a
kidney-shaped nut, grows at the extremity of an edible, pear-shaped
hypocarp, about three inches long. Casbew nut, the large,
kidney-shaped fruit of the cashew, which is edible after the caustic
oil has been expelled from the shell by roasting the nut.
Cashier
Cash*ier" (?), n. [F. caissier, fr. caisse. See Cash.] One who has
charge of money; a cash keeper; the officer who has charge of the
payments and receipts (moneys, checks, notes), of a bank or a
mercantile company.
Cashier
Cash*ier", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cahiered (?); p. pr. &vb. n.
Cashiering.] [Earlier cash, fr. F. casser to break, annul, cashier,
fr. L. cassare, equiv. to cassum reddere, to annul; cf. G. cassiren.
Cf. Quash to annul, Cass.]
1. To dismiss or discard; to discharge; to dismiss with ignominy from
military service or from an office or place of frust.
They have cashiered several of their followers. Addison.
He had insolence to cashier the captain of the lord lieutenant's
own body guard. Macaulay.
2. To put away or reject; to disregard. [R.]
Connections formed for interest, and endeared
By selfish views, [are] censured and cashiered. Cowper.
They absolutely cashier the literal express sense of the words.
Sowth.
Cashierer
Cash*ier"er (?), n. One who rejects, discards, or dismisses; as, a
cashierer of monarchs. [R.] Burke.
Cashmere
Cash"mere (?), n.
1. A rich stuff for shawls, acaris, etc., originally made in
Cashmere from the soft wool found beneath the hair of the goats of
Cashmere, Thibet, and the Himalayas. Some cashmere, of fine
quality, is richly embroidered for sale to Europeans.
2. A dress fabric made of fine wool, or of fine wool and cotton, in
imitation of the original cashmere.
Cashmere shawl, a rich and costly shawl made of cashmere; -- other
called camel's-hair shawl.
Cashmerette
Cash`me*rette" (?), n. A kind of dress goods, made with a soft and
glossy surface like cashmere.
Cashoo
Ca*shoo" (?), n. [F. cachou, NL. catechu, Cochin-Chin. cay cau from
the tree called mimosa, or areca catechu. Cf. Catechu.] See Catechu.
Casing
Cas"ing (?), n.
1. The act or process of inclosing in, or covering with, a case or
thin substance, as plaster, boards, etc.
2. An outside covering, for protection or ornament, or to precent the
radiation of heat.
3. An inclosing frame; esp. the framework around a door or a window.
See Case, n., 4.
Casings
Ca"sings (?), n. pl. Dried dung of cattle used as fuel. [Prov. Eng.]
Waterland.
Casino
Ca*si"no (?), n.; pl. E. Casinos (#), It. Casini (#). [It. casino,
dim. of casa house, fr. L. casa cottage. Cf. Cassing.]
1. A small country house.
2. A building or room used for meetings, or public amusements, for
dancing, gaming, etc.
3. A game at cards. See Cassino.
Cask
Cask (?), n. [Sp. casco potsherd, skull, helmet, prob. fr. cascar to
break, fr. L. Quassure to break. Cf. Casque, Cass.]
1. Same as Casque. [Obs.]
2. A barrel-shaped vessel made of staves headings, and hoops, usually
fitted together so as to hold liquids. It may be larger or smaller
than a barrel.
3. The quantity contained in a cask.
4. A casket; a small box for jewels. [Obs.] Shak.
Cask
Cask, v. t. To put into a cask.
Casket
Cas"ket (?), n. [Cf. F. casquet, dim. of casque belmet, fr. Sp.
casco.]
1. A small chest or box, esp. of rich material or ornamental
character, as for jewels, etc.
The little casket bring me hither. Shak.
2. A kind of burial case. [U. S.]
3. Anything containing or intended to contain something highly
esteemed; as: (a) The body. (Shak). (b) The tomb. (Milton). (c) A book
of selections. [poetic]
They found him dead . . . an empty casket. Shak.
Casket
Cas"ket, n. (Naut.) A gasket. See Gasket.
Casket
Cas"ket, v. t. To put into, or preserve in, a casket. [Poetic] "I have
casketed my treasure." Shak.
Casque
Casque (?), n. [F. casque, fr. Sp. casco See Cask.] A piece of
defensive or ornamental armor (with or without a vizor) for the head
and neck; a helmet.
His casque overshadowed with brilliant plumes. Prescott.
Cass
Cass (?), v. t. [F. casser, LL. cassare, fr. L. cassus empty, hollow,
and perhaps influenced by L. quassare to shake, shatter, v. intens. of
quatere to shake. Cf. Cashier, v. t., Quash, Cask.] To render useless
or void; to annul; to reject; to send away. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleing.
Cassada
Cas"sa*da (?), n. See Cassava.
Cassareep
Cas"sa*reep (?), n. A condiment made from the sap of the bitter
cassava (Manihot utilissima) deprived of its poisonous qualities,
concentrated by boiling, and flavored with aromatics. See Pepper pot.
Cassate
Cas"sate (?), v. t. [LL. cassare. See Cass.] To render void or
useless; to vacate or annul. [Obs.]
Cassation
Cas*sa"tion (?), n. [F. cassation. See Cass.] The act of annulling.
A general cassation of their constitutions. Motley.
Court of cassation, the highest court of appeal in France, which has
power to quash (Casser) or reverse the decisions of the inferior
courts.
Cassava
Cas"sa*va (?), n. [F. cassave, Sp. cazabe, fr. kasabi, in the language
of Hayti.]
1. (Bot.) A shrubby euphorbiaceous plant of the genus Manihot, with
fleshy rootstocks yielding an edible starch; -- called also manioc.
NOTE: &hand; Th ere ar e tw o species, bitter and sweet, from which
the cassava of commerce is prepared in the West Indies, tropical
America, and Africa. The bitter (Manihot utilissima) is the more
important; this has a poisonous sap, but by grating, pressing, and
baking the root the poisonous qualities are removed. The sweet (M.
Aipi) is used as a table vegetable.
2. A nutritious starch obtained from the rootstocks of the cassava
plant, used as food and in making tapioca.
Casse Paper
Cas"se Pa"per (?). [F. papier cass\'82. See Cass.] Broken paper; the
outside quires of a ream.
Casserole
Cas"se*role (#) n. [F. a saucepan, dim. from casse a basin.]
1. (Chem.) A small round dish with a handle, usually of porcelain.
2. (Cookery) A mold (in the shape of a hollow vessel or incasement) of
boiled rice, mashed potato or paste, baked, and afterwards filled with
vegetables or meat.
Cassia
Cas"sia (?), n. [L. cassia and casia, Gr. qets\'c6\'beh, fr. q\'betsa'
to cut off, to peel off.]
1. (Bot.) A genus of leguminous plants (herbs, shrubs, or trees) of
many species, most of which have purgative qualities. The leaves of
several species furnish the senna used in medicine.
2. The bark of several species of Cinnamommum grown in China, etc.;
Chinese cinnamon. It is imported as cassia, but commonly sold as
cinnamon, from which it differs more or less in strength and flavor,
and the amount of outer bark attached.
NOTE: &hand; Th e me dicinal "cassia" (Cassia pulp) is the laxative
pulp of the pods of a leguminous tree (Cassia fistula or
Pudding-pipe tree), native in the East Indies but naturalized in
various tropical countries.
Cassia bark, the bark of Cinnamomum Cassia, etc. The coarser kinds are
called Cassia lignea, and are often used to adulterate true cinnamon.
-- Cassia buds, the dried flower buds of several species of cinnamon
(Cinnamomum cassia, atc..). -- Cassia oil, oil extracted from cassia
bark and cassia buds; -- called also oil of cinnamon.
Cassican
Cas"si*can (?), n. [NL. cassicus helmeted, fr. L. cassis a belmet.]
(Zo\'94l.) An American bird of the genus Cassicus, allied to the
starlings and orioles, remarkable for its skillfully constructed and
suspended nest; the crested oriole. The name is also sometimes given
to the piping crow, an Australian bird.
Cassideous
Cas*sid"e*ous (?), a. [L. Cassis helmet.] (Bot.) Helmet-shaped; --
applied to a corolla having a broad, helmet-shaped upper petal, as in
aconite.
Cassidony
Cas"si*do*ny (?), n. [Cf. LL. cassidonium, F. Cassidoine. See
Chalcedony.] (Bot.) (a) The French lavender (Lawandula Stachas). (b)
The goldilocks (Chrysocoma linosyris) and perhaps other plants related
to the genus Gnaphalium or cudweed.
Cassimere
Cas"si*mere (?), n. [Cf. F. casimir, prob. of the same origin as E.
cashmere. Cf. Kerseymere.] A thin, twilled, woolen cloth, used for
men's garments. [Written also kerseymere.]
Cassinette
Cas`si*nette" (?), n. [Cf. Sp. casinete, G. cassinet.] A cloth with a
cotton wart, and a woof of very fine wool, or wool and silk.
Cassinian ovals
Cas*sin"i*an o"vals (?). (Math.) See under Oval.
Cassino
Cas*si"no (?), n. [It. casino a small house, a gaming house. See
asing.] A game at cards, played by two or more persons, usually for
twenty-one points. Great cassino, the ten of diamonds. -- Little
cassino, the two of spades. <-- 2. a gaming house, often containing
slot machines, roulette tables, craps tables and/or card games. -->
Cassioberry
Cas"si*o*ber`ry (?), n. [NL. cassine, from the language of the Florida
Indians.] The fruit of the Viburnum obovatum, a shrub which grows from
Virginia to Florida.
Cassiopeia
Cas`si*o*pe"ia (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Astron.) A constellation of the
northern hemisphere, situated between Capheus and Perseus; -- so
called in honor of the wife of Cepheus, a fabuolous king of Ethiopia.
Cassiopeia's Chair, a group of six stars, in Cassiopeia, somewhat
resembling a chair.
Cassiterite
Cas*sit"er*ite (?), n. [Gr. (Min.) Native tin dioxide; tin stone; a
mineral occurring in tetragonal crystals of reddish brown color, and
brilliant adamantine luster; also massive, sometimes in compact forms
with concentric fibrous structure resembling wood (wood tin), also in
rolled fragments or pebbly (Stream tin). It is the chief source of
metallic tin. See Black tin, under Black.
Cassius
Cas"sius (?), n. [From the name of the discoverer, A. Cassius, a
German physician of the 17th centry.] A brownish purple pigment,
obtained by the action of some compounds of tin upon certain salts of
gold. It is used in painting and staining porcelain and glass to give
a beautiful purple color. Commonly called Purple of Cassius.
Cassock
Cas"sock (?), n. [F. casaque, fr. It. casacca, perh. fr. L. casa
cottage, in It., house; or of Slavic origin.]
1. A long outer garment formerly worn by men and women, as well as by
soldiers as part of their uniform.
2. (Eccl.) A garment resembling a long frock coat worn by the clergy
of certain churches when officiating, and by others as the usually
outer garment.
Cassocked
Cas"socked (?), a. Clothed with a cassock.
Cassolette
Cas`so*lette" (?), n. [F.] a box, or vase with a perforated cover to
emit perfumes.
Cassonade
Cas`son*ade" (?), n. [F., fr. casson, for caisson a large chest. This
sugar comes from Brazil in large chests.] Raw sugar; sugar not
refined. Mc Elrath.
Cassowary
Cas"so*wa*ry (?), n.; pl. Cassowaries (#). [Malay kasu\'beri.]
(Zo\'94l.) A large bird, of the genus Casuarius, found in the east
Indies. It is smaller and stouter than the ostrich. Its head is armed
with a kind of helmet of horny substance, consisting of plates
overlapping each other, and it has a group of long sharp spines on
each wing which are used as defensive organs. It is a shy bird, and
runs with great rapidity. Other species inhabit New Guinea, Australia,
etc.
Cassumunar, Cassumuniar
Cas`su*mu"nar (?), Cas`su*mu"ni*ar (?), n. [Hind.] (Med.) A pungent,
bitter, aromatic, gingerlike root, obtained from the East Indies.
Cast
Cast (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cast; p. pr. & vb. n. Casting.] [Cf.
Dan. kastw, Icel. & Sw. kasta; perh. akin to L. gerer to bear, carry.
E. Jest.]
1. To send or drive by force; to throw; to fling; to hurl; to impel.
Uzziash prepared . . . slings to cast stones. 2 Chron. xxvi. 14
Cast thy garment about thee, and follow me. Acts. xii. 8
We must be cast upon a certain island. Acts. xxvii. 26.
2. To direct or turn, as the eyes.
How earnestly he cast his eyes upon me! Shak.
3. To drop; to deposit; as, to cast a ballot.
4. To throw down, as in wrestling. Shak.
5. To throw up, as a mound, or rampart.
Thine enemies shall cast a trench [bank] about thee. Luke xix. 48.
6. To throw off; to eject; to shed; to lose.
His filth within being cast. Shak.
Neither shall your vine cast her fruit. Mal. iii. 11
The creatures that cast the skin are the snake, the viper, etc.
Bacon.
7. To bring forth prematurely; to slink.
Thy she-goats have not cast their young. Gen. xxi. 38.
8. To throw out or emit; to exhale. [Obs.]
This . . . casts a sulphureous smell. Woodward.
9. To cause to fall; to shed; to reflect; to throw; as, to cast a ray
upon a screen; to cast light upon a subject.
10. To impose; to bestow; to rest.
The government I cast upon my brother. Shak.
Cast thy burden upon the Lord. Ps. iv. 22.
11. To dismiss; to discard; to cashier. [Obs.]
The state can not with safety casthim.
12. To compute; to reckon; to calculate; as, to cast a horoscope.
"Let it be cast and paid." Shak.
You cast the event of war my noble lord. Shak.
13. To contrive; to plan. [Archaic]
The cloister . . . had, I doubt not, been cast for [an orange-
house]. Sir W. Temple.
14. To defeat in a lawsuit; to decide against; to convict; as, to
be cast in damages.
She was cast to be hanged. Jeffrey.
Were the case referred to any competent judge, they would
inevitably be cast. Dr. H. More.
15. To turn (the balance or scale); to overbalance; hence, to make
preponderate; to decide; as, a casting voice.
How much interest casts the balance in cases dubious! South.
16. To form into a particular shape, by pouring liquid metal or
other material into a mold; to fashion; to found; as, to cast
bells, stoves, bullets.
17. (Print.) To stereotype or electrotype.
18. To fix, distribute, or allot, as the parts of a play among
actors; also to assign (an actor) for a part.
Our parts in the other world will be new cast. Addison.
To cast anchor (Naut.) Se under Anchor. -- To cast a horoscope, to
calculate it. -- To cast a horse, sheep, or other animal, to throw
with the feet upwards, in such a manner as to prevent its rising
again. -- To cast a shoe, to throw off or lose a shoe, said of a horse
or ox. -- To cast aside, to throw or push aside; to neglect; to reject
as useless or inconvenient. -- To cast away. (a) To throw away; to
lavish; to waste. "Cast away a life" Addison. (b) To reject; to let
perish. "Cast away his people." Rom. xi. 1. "Cast one away." Shak. (c)
To wreck. "Cast away and sunk." Shak. -- To cast by, to reject; to
dismiss or discard; to throw away. -- To cast down, to throw down; to
destroy; to deject or depress, as the mind. "Why art thou cast down. O
my soul?" Ps. xiii. 5. -- To cast forth, to throw out, or eject, as
from an inclosed place; to emit; to send out. -- To cast in one's lot
with, to share the fortunes of. -- To cast in one's teeth, to upbraid
or abuse one for; to twin. -- To cast lots. See under Lot. -- To cast
off. (a) To discard or reject; to drive away; to put off; to free
one's self from. (b) (Hunting) To leave behind, as dogs; also, to set
loose, or free, as dogs. Crabb. (c) (Naut.) To untie, throw off, or
let go, as a rope. -- To cast off copy, (Print.), to estimate how much
printed matter a given amount of copy will make, or how large the page
must be in order that the copy may make a given number of pages. -- To
cast one's self on OR upon to yield or submit one's self unreservedly
to. as to the mercy of another. -- To cast out, to throy out; to
eject, as from a house; to cast forth; to expel; to utter. -- To cast
the lead (Naut.), to sound by dropping the lead to the botton. -- To
cast the water (Med.), to examine the urine for signs of disease.
[Obs.]. -- To cast up. (a) To throw up; to raise. (b) To compute; to
reckon, as the cost. (c) To vomit. (d) To twit with; to throw in one's
teeth.
Cast
Cast (?), v. i.
1. To throw, as a line in angling, esp, with a fly hook.
2. (Naut.) To turn the head of a vessel around from the wind in
getting under weigh.
Weigh anchor, cast to starboard. Totten.
3. To consider; to turn or revolve in the mind; to plan; as, to cast
about for reasons.
She . . . cast in her mind what manner of salution this should be.
Luke. i. 29.
4. To calculate; to compute. [R.]
Who would cast and balance at a desk. Tennyson.
5. To receive form or shape in a mold.
It will not run thin, so as to cast and mold. Woodward.
6. To warp; to become twisted out of shape.
Stuff is said to cast or warp when . . . it alters its flatness or
straightness. Moxon.
7. To vomit.
These verses . . . make me ready to cast. B. Jonson.
Cast
Cast, 3d pres. of Cast, for Casteth. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Cast
Cast, n. [Cf. Icel., Dan., & Sw. kast.]
1. The act of casting or throwing; a throw.
2. The thing thrown.
A cast of dreadful dust. Dryden.
3. The distance to which a thing is or can be thrown. "About a stone's
cast." Luke xxii. 41.
4. A throw of dice; hence, a chance or venture.
An even cast whether the army should march this way or that way.
Sowth.
I have set my life upon a cast, And I will stand the hazard of the
die. Shak.
5. That which is throw out or off, shed, or ejected; as, the skin
of an insect, the refuse from a hawk's stomach, the excrement of a
earthworm.
6. The act of casting in a mold.
And why such daily cast of brazen cannon. Shak.
7. An impression or mold, taken from a thing or person; amold; a
pattern.
8. That which is formed in a mild; esp. a reproduction or copy, as
of a work of art, in bronze or plaster, etc.; a casting.
9. Form; appearence; mien; air; style; as, a pecullar cast of
countenance. "A neat cast of verse." Pope.
An heroic poem, but in another cast and figure. Prior.
And thus the native hue of resolution Is sicklied o'er with the
pale cast of thought. Shak.
10. A tendency to any color; a tinge; a shade.
Gray with a cast of green. Woodward.
11. A chance, opportunity, privilege, or advantage; specifically,
an opportunity of riding; a lift. [Scotch]
We bargained with the driver to give us a cast to the next stage.
Smollett.
If we had the cast o' a cart to bring it. Sir W. Scott.
12. The assignment of parts in a play to the actors.
13. (Falconary) A flight or a couple or set of hawks let go at one
time from the hand. Grabb.
As when a cast of falcons make their flight. Spenser.
14. A stoke, touch, or trick. [Obs.]
This was a cast of Wood's politics; for his information was wholly
false. Swift.
15. A motion or turn, as of the eye; direction; look; glance;
squint.
The cast of the eye is a gesture of aversion. Bacon.
And let you see with one cast of an eye. Addison.
This freakish, elvish cast came into the child's eye. Hawthorne.
16. A tube or funnel for conveying metal into a mold.
17. Four; that is, as many as are thrown into a vessel at once in
counting herrings, etc; a warp.
18. Contrivance; plot, design. [Obs.] Chaucer.
A cast of the eye, a slight squint or strabismus. -- Renal cast
(Med.), microscopic bodies found in the urine of persons affected with
disease of the kidneys; -- so called because they are formed of matter
deposited in, and preserving the outline of, the renal tubes. -- The
last cast, the last throw of the dice or last effort, on which every
thing is ventured; the last chance.
Castalian
Cas*ta"li*an (?), a. [L. Castalius] Of or pertaining to Castalia, a
mythical fountain of inspiration on Mt. Parnassus sacred to the Muses.
Milton.
Castanea
Cas*ta"ne*a (?), n. [L., a chestnut, fr. Gr. (Bot.) A genus of
nut-bearing trees or shrubs including the chestnut and chinquapin.
Castanet
Cas"ta*net (?), n. See Castanets.
Castanets
Cas"ta*nets, n. pl. [F. castagnettes, Sp. casta\'a4etas, fr. L.
castanea (Sp. casta\'a4a) a chestnut. So named from the resemblance to
two chestnuts, or because chestnuts were first used for castanets. See
Chestnut.] Two small, concave shells of ivory or hard wood, shaped
like spoons, fastened to the thumb, and beaten together with the
middle finger; -- used by the Spaniards and Moors as an accompaniment
to their dance and guitars.
NOTE: &hand; Th e si ngular, ca stanet, is used of one of the pair,
or, sometimes, of the pair forming the instrument.
The dancer, holding a castanet in each hand, rattles then to the
motion of his feet. Moore (Encyc. of Music).
Castaway
Cast"a*way (?), n.
1. One who, or that which, is cast away or shipwrecked.
2. One who is ruined; one who has made moral shipwreck; a reprobate.
Lest . . . when I have preached to others, I myself should be a
castaway. 1 Cor. ix. 27.
Casaway
Cas"a*way, a. Of no value; rejected; useless.
Caste
Caste (?), n. [Pg. casta race, lineage, fr. L. castus pure, chaste:
cf. F. caste, of same origin.]
1. One of the hereditary classes into which the Hindoos are divided
according to the laws of Brahmanism.
NOTE: &hand; Th e me mbers of th e same caste are theoretically of
equal rank, and same profession or occupation, and may not eat or
intermarry with those not of their own caste. The original are
four, viz., the Brahmans, or sacerdotal order; the Kshatriyas, or
soldiers and rulers; the Vaisyas, or husbandmen and merchants; and
the Sudras, or laborers and mechanics. Men of no caste are Pariahs,
outcasts. Numerous mixed classes, or castes, have sprung up in the
progress of time.
2. A separate and fixed order or class of persons in society who
chiefly hold intercourse among themselves.
The tinkers then formed an hereditary caste. Macaulay.
To lose caste, to be degraded from the caste to which one has
belonged; to lose social position or consideration.
Castellan
Cas"tel*lan (?), n. [OF. castelain, F. ch\'83telain, L. castellanus
pertaining to a castle, an occupant of a caste, LL., a governor of a
castle, fr. L. catellum castle, citadel, dim. of castrum fortifled
place. See Castle, and cf. Chatelaine.] A goveror or warden of a
castle.
Castellany
Cas"tel*la*ny (?), n.; pl. Castellanies (#). [LL. castellania.] The
lordship of a castle; the extent of land and jurisdiction appertaining
to a castle.
Castellated
Cas"tel*la`ted (?), a. [LL. castellatus, fr. castellare. See Castle.]
1. Inclosed within a building; as, a fountain or cistern castellated.
[Obs.] Johnson.
2. Furnished with turrets and battlements, like a castle; built in the
style of a castle.
Castellation
Cas`tel*la"tion (?), n. [LL. castellation, fr. castellare, fr. L.
castellum. See Castle.] The act of making into a castle.
Caster
Cast"er (?), n.
1. One who casts; as, caster of stones, etc. ; a caster of cannon; a
caster of accounts.
2. A vial, cruet, or other small vessel, used to contain condiments at
the table; as, a set of casters.
3. A stand to hold a set of cruets.
4. A small wheel on a swivel, on which furniture is supported and
moved.
Castigate
Cas"ti*gate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Castigated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Castigating.] [L. castigatus, p. p. of castigare to correct, punish;
castus pure, chaste + agere to move, drive. See Caste, and cf.
Chasten.]
1. To punish by stripes; to chastise by blows; to chasten; also, to
chastise verbally; to reprove; to criticise severely.
2. To emend; to correct. [Obs.]
Castigation
Cas`ti*ga"tion (?), n. [L. catigatio.]
1. Corrective punishment; chastisement; reproof; pungent criticism.
The keenest castigation of her slanderers. W. Irving.
2. Emendation; correction. [Obs.]
Castigator
Cas`ti*ga"tor (?), n. [L.] One who castigates or corrects.
Castigatory
Cas`ti*ga*to*ry (?), a. [L. castigatorius.] Punitive in order to
amendment; corrective.
Castigatory
Cas"ti*ga*to*ry, n. An instrument formerly used to punish and correct
arrant scolds; -- called also a ducking stool, or trebucket.
Blacktone.
Castile soap
Cas"tile soap" (?). [From Castile, or Castilia, a province in Spain,
from which it originally came.] A kind of fine, hard, white or mottled
soap, made with olive and soda; also, a soap made in imitation of the
above-described soap.
Castilian
Cas*til"ian (?), n. [Sp. castellano, from Castila, NL. Castilia,
Castella. Castile, which received its name from the castles erected on
the frontiers as a barrier against the Moors.]
1. An inhabitant or native of Castile, in Spain.
2. The Spanish language as spoken in Castile.
Castillan
Cas*til"lan, a. Of or pertaining to Castile, in Spain.
Casting
Cast"ing (?), n.
1. The act of one who casts or throws, as in fishing.
2. The act or process of making cast or impressions, or of shaping
metal or plaster in a mold; the act or the process of pouring molten
metal into a mold.
3. That which is cast in a mold; esp. the mass of metal so cast; as, a
casting in iron; bronze casting.
4. The warping of a board. Brande & C.
5. The act of casting off, or that which is cast off, as skin,
feathers, excrement, etc.
Casting of draperies, the proper distribution of the folds of
garments, in painting and sculpture. -- Casting line (Fishing), the
leader; also, sometimes applied to the long reel line. Casting net, a
net which is cast and drawn, in distinction from a net that is set and
left. -- Casting voice, Casting vote, the decisive vote of a presiding
officer, when the votes of the assembly or house are equally divided.
"When there was an equal vote, the governor had the casting voice." B.
Trumbull. -- Casting weight, a weight that turns a balance when
exactly poised.
Cast iron
Cast" i`ron (?). Highly carbonized iron, the direct product of the
blast furnace; -- used for making castings, and for conversion into
wrought iron and steel. It can not be welded or forged, is brittle,
and sometimes very hard. Besides carbon, it contains sulphur,
phosphorus, silica, etc.
Cast-iron
Cast"-i`ron, a. Made of cast iron. Hence, Fig.: like cast iron; hardy;
unyielding.
Castle
Cas"tle (?), n. [AS. castel, fr. L. castellum, dim. of castrum a
fortified place, castle.]
1. A fortified residence, especially that of a prince or nobleman; a
fortress.
The house of every one is to him castle and fortress, as well for
his defense againts injury and violence, as for his repose. Coke.
Our castle's strength Will laugh a siege to scorn. Shak.
NOTE: &hand; Or iginally the medi\'91val castle was a single strong
tower or keep, with a palisaded inclosure around it and inferior
buidings, such as stables and the like, and surrounded by a moat;
then such a keep or donjon, with courtyards or baileys and
accessory buildings of greater elaboration a great hall and a
chapel, all surrounded by defensive walls and a moat, with a
drawbridge, etc. Afterwards the name was retained by large
dwellings that had formerly been fortresses, or by those which
replaced ancient fortresses.
<-- Illustration of "Castle at Pierrefonds, France": -->
CAPTION: A Do njon or Ke ep, an ir regular bu ilding co ntaining the
dwelling of the lord and his family; B C Large round towers ferming
part of the donjon and of the exterior; D Square tower, separating the
two inner courts and forming part of the donjon; E Chapel, whose apse
forms a half-round tower, F, on the exterior walls; G H Round towers
on the exterior walls; K Postern gate, reached from outside by a
removable fight of steps or inclined plane for hoisting in stores, and
leading to a court, L (see small digagram) whose pavement is on a
level with the sill of the postern, but below the level of the larger
court, with which it communicates by a separately fortified gateway; M
Turret, containing spiral stairway to all the stories of the great
tower, B, and serving also as a station for signal fire, banner, etc.;
N Turret with stairway for tower, C; O Echauguettes; P P P Battlemants
consisting of merlons and crenels alternately, the merlons being
pierced by loopholes; Q Q Machicolations (those at Q defend the
postern K); R Outwork defending the approach, which is a road
ascending the hill and passing under all four faces of the castle; S S
Wall of the outer bailey. The road of approach enters the bailey at T
and passes thence into the castle by the main entrance gateway (which
is in the wall between, and defended by the towers, C H) and over two
drawbridges and through fortified passages to the inner court.
<-- end of illustration caption. -->
2. Any strong, imposing, and stately mansion.
3. A small tower, as on a ship, or an elephant's back.
4. A piece, made to represent a castle, used in the game of chess; a
rook.
Castle in the air, a visionary project; a baseless scheme; an air
castle; -- sometimes called a castle in Spain (F. Ch\'83teau en
Espagne). Syn. -- Fortress; fortification; citadel; stronghold. See
Fortress.
Castle
Cas"tle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Castled (. p. pr. & vb. n. Castling
(?).] (Chess) To move the castle to the square next to king, and then
the king around the castle to the square next beyond it, for the
purpose of covering the king.
Castlebuilder
Cas"tle*build`er (?), n. Fig.: one who builds castles in the air or
forms visionary schemes. -- Cas"tle*build`ing, n.
Castled
Cas"tled (?), a. Having a castle or castles; supporting a castle; as,
a castled height or crag.
2. Fortified; turreted; as, castled walls.
Castle-guard
Cas"tle-guard` (?), n.
1. The guard or defense of a castle.
2. (O. Eng. Law) A tax or imposition an a dwelling within a certain
distance of a castle, for the purpose of maintaining watch and ward in
it; castle-ward.
3. A feudal tenure, obliging the tenant to perform service within the
realm, without limitation of time.
Castlery
Cas"tle*ry (?), n. [Cf. OF. castelerie. See Castle.] The government of
a castle. Blount.
Castlet
Cas"tlet (?), n. A small castle. Leland.
Castleward
Cas"tle*ward` (?), n. Same as Castleguard.
Castling
Cast"ling (?), n. That which is cast or brought forth prematurely; an
abortion. Sir T. Browne.
Castling
Cas"tling (?), n. (Chess) A compound move of the king and castle. See
Castle, v. i./def>
Cast-off
Cast"-off` (?), a. Cast or laid aside; as, cast-off clothes.
Castor
Cas"tor (?), n. [L. castor the beaver, Gr.
1. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of rodents, including the beaver. See Beaver.
2. Castoreum. See Castoreum.
3. A hat, esp. one made of beaver fur; a beaver.
I have always been known for the jaunty manner in which I wear my
castor. Sir W. Scott.
4. A heavy quality of broadcloth for overcoats.
Castor
Cast"or (?), n. See Caster, a small wheel.
Castor
Cas"tor (?), n. [L.] (Astron.) the northernmost of the two bright
stars in the constellation Gemini, the other being Pollux.
Castor, Castorite
Cas"tor, Cas"tor*ite (?), n. [The minerals castor and pollux were so
named because found together on the island of Elba. See Castor and
Pollux.] (Min.) A variety of the mineral called petalite, from Elba.
Castor and Pollux
Cas"tor and Pol"lux (?). [Castor and Pollux were twin sons of Jupiter
and Leda.] (Naut.) See Saint Elmo's fire, under Saint.
Castor bean
Cas"tor bean" (?). (Bot.) The bean or seed of the castor-oil plant
(Ricinus communis, or Palma Christi.)
Castoreum
Cas*to"re*um (?), n. [L. See Castor.] A peculiar bitter orange-brown
substance, with strong, penetrating odor, found in two sacs between
the anus and external genitals of the beaver; castor; -- used in
medicine as an antispasmodic, and by perfumers.
_________________________________________________________________
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Castorin
Cas"to*rin (?), n. [From 1st Castor.] (Chem.) A white crystalline
substance obtained from castoreum.
Castor oil
Cas"tor oil (?). A mild cathartic oil, expressed or extracted from the
seeds of the Ricinus communis, or Palma Christi. When fresh the oil is
inodorus and insipid. Castor-oil plant. Same as Palma Christi.
Castrametation
Cas`tra*me*ta"tion (?), n. [F. castram\'82tation, fr. L. castra camp +
metari to measure off, fr. meta limit.] (Mil.) The art or act of
encamping; the making or laying out of a camp.
Castrate
Cas"trate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Castrated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Castrating.] [L. castrarus, p; p. of castrare to castrate, asin to
Skr. \'87astra knife.]
1. To deprive of the testicles; to emasculate; to geld; to alter.
2. To cut or take out; esp. to remove anything erroneous, or
objectionable from, as the obscene parts of a writing; to expurgate.
My . . . correspondent . . . has sent me the following letter,
which I have castrated in some places. Spectator.
Castration
Cas*tra"tion (?), n. [L. castratio; cf. F. castration.] The act of
castrating.
Castrato
Cas*tra"to (?), n. [L., properly p. p. of castrare. See Castrate.] A
male person castrated for the purpose of improving his voice for
singing; an artificial, or male, soprano. Swift.
Castrel
Cas"trel (?), n. [Cf. F. cr\'82cerelle, cristel, OF. crecel, cercele.
Cf. Kestrel.] (Zo\'94l.) See Kestrel.
Castrensial
Cas*tren"sial (?), a. [L. castrensis, fr. castra camp.] Belonging to a
camp. Sir T. Browne.
Castrensian
Cas*tren"sian (?), a. Castrensial. [R.]
Cast steel
Cast" steel" (?). See Cast steel, under Steel.
Casual
Cas"u*al (?), a. [OE. casuel, F. casuel, fr. L. casualis, fr. casus
fall, accident, fr. cadere to fall. See Case.]
1. Happening or coming to pass without design, and without being
foreseen or expected; accidental; fortuitous; coming by chance.
Casual breaks, in the general system. W. Irving.
2. Coming without regularity; occasional; incidental; as, casual
expenses.
A constant habit, rather than a casual gesture. Hawthorne.
Syn. -- Accidental; fortutious; incidental; occasional; contingent;
unforeseen. See Accidental.
Casual
Cas"u*al, n. One who receives relief for a night in a parish to which
he does not belong; a vagrant.
Casualism
Cas"u*al*ism (?), n. The doctrine that all things exist or are
controlled by chance.
Casualist
Cas"u*al*ist, n. One who believes in casualism.
Casually
Cas"u*al*ly, adv. Without design; accidentally; fortuitously; by
chance; occasionally.
Casualness
Cas"u*al*ness, n. The quality of being casual.
Casualty
Cas"u*al*ty (?), n.; pl. Casualties (#). [F. casualit\'82, LL.
casualitas.]
1. That which comes without design or without being foreseen;
contingency.
Losses that befall them by mere casualty. Sir W. Raleigh.
2. Any injury of the body from accident; hence, death, or other
misfortune, occasioned by an accident; as, an unhappy casualty.
3. pl. (Mil. & Naval) Numerical loss caused by death, wounds,
discharge, or desertion.
Casualty ward, A ward in a hospital devoted to the treatment of
injuries received by accident. Syn. -- Accident; contingency;
fortuity; misfortune.
Casuarina
Cas`u*a*ri"na (?), n. [NL., supposed to be named from the resemblance
of the twigs to the feathers of the cassowary, of the genus
Casuarius.] (Bot.) A genus of leafles trees or shrubs, with drooping
branchlets of a rushlike appearance, mostly natives of Australia. Some
of them are large, producing hard and heavy timber of excellent
quality, called beefwood from its color.
Casuist
Cas"u*ist (?), n. [L. casus fall, case; cf. F. casuiste. See Casual.]
One who is skilled in, or given to, casuistry.
The judment of any casuist or learned divine concerning the state
of a man's soul, is not sufficient to give him confidence. South.
Casuist
Cas"u*ist, v. i. To play the casuist. Milton.
Casuistic, Casuistieal
Cas`u*is"tic (?), Cas`u*is"tie*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to casuists
or casuistry.
Casuistry
Cas"u*ist*ry (?), a.
1. The science or doctrine of dealing with cases of conscience, of
resolving questions of right or wrong in conduct, or determining the
lawfulness or unlawfulness of what a man may do by rules and
principles drawn from the Scriptures, from the laws of society or the
church, or from equity and natural reason; the application of general
moral rules to particular cases.
The consideration of these nice and puzzling question in the
science of ethics has given rise, in modern times, to a particular
department of it, distinguished by the title of casuistry. Stewart.
Casuistry in the science of cases (i.e., oblique deflections from
the general rule). De Quincey.
2. Sophistical, equivocal, or false reasoning or teaching in regard to
duties, obligations, and morals.
Casus
Ca"sus (?), n. [L.] An event; an occurrence; an occasion; a
combination of circumstances; a case; an act of God. See the Note
under Accident. Casus belli, an event or combination of events which
is a cause war, or may be alleged as a justification of war. -- Casus
fortuitus, an accident against which due prudence could not have
provided. See Act of God, under Act. -- Casus omissus, a case not
provided for by the statute.
Cat
Cat (?), n. [AS. cat; akin to D. & Dan. kat, Sw. kett, Icel. k\'94ttr,
G. katze, kater, Ir. Cat, W. cath, Armor. kaz, LL. catus, Bisc. catua,
NGr cot, Turk. kedi, Ar. qitt; of unknown origin. CF. Ketten.]
1. (Zo\'94l.) An animal of various species of the genera Felis and
Lynx. The domestic cat is Felis domestica. The European wild cat
(Felis catus) is much larger than the domestic cat. In the United
States the name wild cat is commonly applied to the bay lynx (Lynx
rufus) See Wild cat, and Tiger cat.
NOTE: &hand; Th e do mestic ca t includes many varieties named from
their place of origin or from some peculiarity; as, the Angora cat;
the Maltese cat; the Manx cat.
NOTE: The wo rd ca t is also used to designate other animals, from
some fancied resemblance; as, civet cat, fisher cat, catbird,
catfish shark, sea cat.
2. (Naut.) (a) A strong vessel with a narrow stern, projecting
quarters, and deep waist. It is employed in the coal and timber trade.
(b) A strong tackle used to draw an anchor up to the cathead of a
ship. Totten.
3. A double tripod (for holding a plate, etc.), having six feet, of
which three rest on the ground, in whatever position in is placed.
4. An old game; (a) The game of tipcat and the implement with which it
is played. See Tipcat. (c) A game of ball, called, according to the
number of batters, one old cat, two old cat, etc.
5. A cat o' nine tails. See below.
Angora cat, blind cat, See under Angora, Blind. -- Black cat the
fisher. See under Black. -- Cat and dog, like a cat and dog;
quarrelsome; inharmonius. "I am sure we have lived a cat and dog life
of it." Coleridge. -- Cat block (Naut.), a heavy iron-strapped block
with a large hook, part of the tackle used in drawing an anchor up to
the cathead. -- Cat hook (Naut.), a strong hook attached to a cat
block. -- Cat nap, a very short sleep. [Colloq.] -- Cat o' nine tails,
an instrument of punishment consisting of nine pieces of knotted line
or cord fastened to a handle; -- formerly used to flog offenders on
the bare back. -- Cat's cradle, game played, esp. by children, with a
string looped on the fingers so, as to resemble small cradle. The
string is transferred from the fingers of one to those of another, at
each transfer with a change of form. See Cratch, Cratch cradle. -- To
let the cat out of the bag, to tell a secret, carelessly or willfully.
[Colloq.] -- Bush cat, the serval. See Serval.
Cat
Cat (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. tted; p. pr. & vb. n. Catting.] (Naut.)
To bring to the cathead; as, to cat an anchor. See Anchor. Totten.
Cata
Cat"a (?). [Gr. kata`.] The Latin and English form of a Greek
preposition, used as a prefix to signify down, downward, under,
against, contrary or opposed to, wholly, completely; as in cataclysm,
catarrh. It sometimes drops the final vowel, as in catoptric; and is
sometimes changed to cath, as in cathartic, catholic.
Catabaptist
Cat`a*bap"tist (?), n. [Pref. cata + aptist. See Baptist.] (Eccl.) One
who opposes baptism, especially of infants. [Obs.] Featley.
Catabasion
Cat`a*ba"sion (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. A vault under altar of a Greek
church.
Catabiotic
Cat`a*bi*ot"ic (?), a. Aee under Force.
Catacaustic
Cat`a*caus"tic (?), a. [Pref. cata + caustic.] (Physics) Relating to,
or having the properties of, a caustic curve formed by reflection. See
Caustic, a. Nichol.
Catacaustic
Cat`a*caus"tic, n. (Physics) A caustic curve formed by reflection of
light. Nichol.
Catachresis
Cat`a*chre"sis (?), n. [L. fr. Gr. (Rhel.) A figure by which one word
is wrongly put for another, or by which a word is wrested from its
true signification; as, "To take arms against a sea of troubles. "
Shak. "Her voice was but the shadow of a sound." Young.
Catachrestic, Catachrestical
Cat`a*chres"tic (?), Cat"a*chres"tic*al (?), a. Belonging to, or in
the manner of, a catachresis; wrested from its natural sense or form;
forced; far-fatched. -- Cat`a*chres"tic*al*ly, adv.
[A] catachrestical and improper way of speaking. Jer. Taylor.
Cataclysm
Cat"a*clysm (?), n. [L. cataclysmos, Gr. cataclysme.]
1. An extensive overflow or sweeping flood of water; a deluge.
2. (Geol.) Any violent catastrophe, involving sudden and extensive
changes of the earth's surface.
Cataclysmal, Cataclysmic
Cat`a*clys"mal (?), Cat"a*clys"mic (?), a. Of or pertaining to a
cataclysm.
Cataclysmist
Cat`a*clys"mist (?), n. One who believes that the most important
geological phenomena have been produced by cataclysms.
Catacomb
Cat"a*comb (?), n. [It. catacomba, fr. L. catacumba perh. from Gr. A
cave, grotto, or subterraneous place of large extent used for the
burial of the dead; -- commonly in the plural.
NOTE: &hand; Th e terms is supposed to have been applied originally
to the tombs under the church of St. Sebastain in Rome. The most
celebrated catacombs are those near Rome, on the Appian Way,
supposed to have been the place or refuge and interment of the
early Chrictians; those of Egypt, extending for a wide distance in
the vicinity of Cairo; and those of Paris, in abandoned stone
quarries, excavated under a large portion of the city.
Catacoustic
Cat`a*cous"tic (?), n. [Pref. cata _ acoustics: cf. F. caraconstique.]
(Physics) That part of acoustics which treats of reflected sounds or
echoes See Acoustics. Hutton.
Catadioptric, Catadioptrical
Cat`a*di*op"tric (?), Cat`a*di*op"tric*al (?), a. [Pref. cata +
dioptric: cf. F. catadioptrique.] (Physics) Pertaining to, produced
by, or involving, both the reflection and refraction of light; as, a
catadioptric light. Hutton.
Catadioptrics
Cat`a*di*op"trics (?), n. The science which treats of catadioptric
phenomena, or of the used of catadioptric instruments.
Catadrome
Cat"a*drome (?), n. [Gr.
1. A race course.
2. (Mach.) A machine for raising or lowering heavy weights.
Catadromous
Ca*tad"ro*mous (?), a. [Gr.
1. (Bot.) Having the lowest inferior segment of a pinna nearer the
rachis than the lowest superior one; -- said of a mode of branching in
ferns, and opposed to anadromous.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Living in fresh water, and going to the sea to spawn; --
opposed to anadromous, and of the eel.
Catafalco
Cat`a*fal"co (?), n. [It.] See Catafalque.
Catafalque
Cat"a*falque` (?), n. [F., fr. It. catafalco, scaffold, funeral
canopy; of uncertain origin; cf. Sp. catafalso, cadahalso, cadalso,
Pr. casafalc, OF. chafaut. Cf. Scaffold.] A temporary structure
sometimes used in the funeral solemnities of eminent persons, for the
public exhibition of the remains, or their conveyance to the place of
burial.
Catagmatic
Cat`*ag*mat"ic (?), a. [Gr. catagmatique.] (Med.) Having the quality
of consolidating broken bones.
Cataian
Ca*ta"ian (?), n. A native of Cathay or China; a foreigner; --
formerly a term of reproach. Shak.
Catalan
Cat"a*lan (?), a. Of or pertaining to Catalonia. -- n. A native or
inbabitant of Catalonia; also, the language of Catalonia. Catalan
furnace, Catalan forge (Metal.), a kind of furnace for producing
wrought iron directly from the ore. It was formerly much used, esp. in
Catalonia, and is still used in some parts of the United States and
elsewhere.
Catalectic
Cat`a*lec"tic (?), a. [L. catalecticus, Gr.
1. (Pros.) Wanting a syllable at the end, or terminating in an
imperfect foot; as, a catalectic verse.
2. (Photog. & Chem.) Incomplete; partial; not affecting the whole of a
substance. Abney.
Catalepsy, Catalepsis
Cat"a*lep`sy (?), Cat`a*lep"sis (?), n. [NL. catalepsis, fr. Gr.
(Med.) A sudden suspension of sensation and volition, the body and
limbs preserving the position that may be given them, while the action
of the heart and lungs continues.
Cataleptic
Cat`a*lep"tic (?), a. [Gr. Pertaining to, or resembling, catalepsy;
affected with catalepsy; as, a cataleptic fit.
Catallacta
Cat`al*lac"ta (?), n.; pl. [NL., fr. Gr. Catallactics.] (Zo\'94l.) A
division of Protozoa, of which Magosph\'91ra is the type. They exist
both in a myxopod state, with branched pseudopodia, and in the form of
ciliated bodies united in free, spherical colonies.
Catallactics
Cat`al*lac"tics (?) n. [Gr. The science of exchanges, a branch of
political economy.
Catalog
Cat"a*log (?), n. & v. Catalogue.
Catalogize
Cat"a*lo*gize (?), v. t. To insert in a catalogue; to register; to
catalogue. [R.] Coles.
Catalogue
Cat"a*logue (?), n. [F., fr. catalogus, fr. Gr. A list or enumeration
of names, or articles arranged methodically, often in alphabetical
order; as, a catalogue of the students of a college, or of books, or
of the stars. Card catalogue, a catalogue, as of books, having each
item entered on a separate card, and the cards arranged in cases by
subjects, or authors, or alphabetically. -- Catalogue raisonn\'82 (?)
[F.], a catalogue of books, etc., classed according to their subjects.
Syn. -- List; roll; index; schedule; enumeration; inventory. See List.
Catalogue
Cat"a*logue, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Catalogued (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Cataloguing (?).] To make a list or catalogue; to insert in a
catalogue.
Cataloguer
Cat"a*log`uer (?), n. A maker of catalogues; esp. one skilled in the
making of catalogues.
Catalpa
Ca*tal"pa (?), n. [From the language of the Indians of Carolina, where
Catesby discovered this tree in the year 1726.] (Bot.) A genus of
American and East Indian trees, of which the best know species are the
Catalpa bignonioides, a large, ornamental North American tree, with
spotted white flowers and long cylindrical pods, and the C. speciosa,
of the Mississipi valley; -- called also Indian bean.
Catalysis
Ca*tal"y*sis (?), n.; pl. Catalyse. (#) [ML., fr. Gr.
1. Dissolution; degeneration; decay. [R.]
Sad catalysis and declension of piety. Evelyn.
2. (Chem.) (a) A process by which reaction occurs in the presence of
certain agents which were former